板带冷轧机这一多质量、旋转运动体系统，在其高速、瞬态轧制过程中，时常会发生轧机振动现象。当轧制工艺、设备和控制等参数配合良好时，这种振动现象并不会明确体现。但是，一旦轧机运行状态超出对产品的精度要求或设备的承受能力，便会导致轧机振动的频繁发生。在带钢冷连轧过程中经常出现的传动系统扭转振动、垂直振动及垂扭耦合振动等振动形式中，以垂向系统的三倍频振动危害较大，它轻则会对轧件产品的板厚-板形质量指标造成不良的影响，重则会导致轧机设备的损害。　　　　北京科技大学的学者针对高速铝板轧制过程中频繁出现的冷轧机垂直振动现象，结合轧制工艺润滑原理和机械振动理论，建立基于辊缝动态摩擦方程的轧机垂直振动模型。该模型由辊缝几何形状模型，轧辊-轧件工作界面的动态摩擦模型，变形区内的正向轧制应力、摩擦应力分布模型，以及单机架铝板冷轧机二自由度垂向系统结构模型组成。同时，为研究轧辊--轧件工作界面动态摩擦机制影响下的冷轧机垂振机理及系统稳定性，采用某厂单机架铝轧机设备及工艺参数，搭建Matlab/Simulink平台，分别模拟仿真轧制压力和正向轧制应力曲线，验证该模型的有效性；并讨论分析了变形区混合摩擦状态，轧辊--轧件表面粗糙度、轧件入口厚度与系统稳定性的关系。

中色万基铝加工有限公司1450冷轧机试车成功12月16日23时45分，中色万基铝加工有限公司1450冷轧机一次带料试车成功。靠前卷厚度为0.7mm、重达5吨的铸轧卷以36米/秒的轧速通过冷轧机，10分钟后，顺利地完成了靠前道次，变为0.5mm。12月18日上午，中色万基1450冷轧线试生产开机仪式在冷轧部隆重举行。河南省委常委、洛阳市委书记孙善武及新安县四大领导班子参加了开机仪式。院党委书记张策、中色科技总经理吴跃武、副总经理刘劲波、王思臣、余铭臬和工业所、装备所领导及相关人员也参加了开机仪式。中色万基副懂事长王清凯主持开机仪式。中色万基总经理郭峰介绍了中色万基的建设情况。在仪式上，院党委书记张策代表懂事长王京海宣读了董事会贺信。在阵阵鞭炮声中，市委书记孙善武按动了开关，冷轧机徐徐转动，现场响起了热烈的掌声。1450冷轧机带料试车成功，掀开了中色万基铝板带工程建设史上新的一页，为喜迎新年献上了一份厚礼。下一阶段，中色万基将进行冷轧机及相关设备的安装调试。建设者们表示，公司上下要以取得的成绩为新起点，总结经验，再接再励，连续作战，继续扎实、细致的做好各项工作，为早日创造经济效益再立新功

澳大利亚研制出铝冷轧机板型控制新技术澳大利亚工业自动化服务公司日前开发研制出铝冷轧机板型控制新技术，采用铝板带边部热喷淋技术来控制板型，并已成功应用于美国纳西州诺兰达公司的六重铝冷轧机改造。据了解，该技术的铝板带边部热喷淋控制系统由计算机控制软件和边部热喷淋系统组成，在铝板带两边的每一边按装有两个热喷淋装置，每个装置上的喷咀控制范围为25mm区段，由几个喷咀组成一个整体，在轧机工作时实施边部热喷淋，从而决了铝板带边部紧的板型缺陷，提高了轧制速度，增加了每个道次的金属通过量。

登电集团铝加工有限公司新上马的一台￠360/960×1450mm冷轧机于9月份试车成功，10月份将步入正常生产阶段。　　该公司于1997年开始筹建，拥有￠680×1600mm铸轧机两台，￠1000×1850mm铸轧机两台，￠380/1050×1800mm四重不可逆全液压冷轧机一台，年生产板、带、箔能力可达6万吨。公司原有的￠380/1050×1800mm冷轧机生产品种单一，不能满足用户的需求，尤其是生产窄料时成本高，降低了公司的利润空间。为了满足用户要求，公司决定新上一台￠360/960×1450mm冷轧机，专门生产窄料。公司在流动资金十分困难的情况下，多方筹措资金，克服重重困难，在2006年5月份开始安装￠360/960×1450mm冷轧机，7月底安装结束，创造了国内轧机安装较短时间之较。这台轧机主机电机功率大，冷却系统全部采用水冷式冷却，较大的轧制力可减少轧制道次，能够提高生产率，有效降低了窄料的生产成本。    该轧机设计轧制较薄厚度为0.08mm,试车时轧制到了0.06mm。目前，正计划投入使用，以后将以生产PS版基坯料为主。该轧机的投产，对产品的多元化、调整产品结构及新产品开发有着积极的推进作用，将会为铝加工公司创造一个新的经济增长点。

铅板[有色商机 : 铅板价格]轧机工艺技术研究开发工作始于１９６３年１０月，到１９６４年９月在东北轻合金加工厂生产出１０ｍｍ厚铸轧板，１９６５年生产出来的铸轧板宽为７００ｍｍ，１９８２年在华北铝加工厂研制成功φ６５０×１６００ｍｍ双辊式连续轧机。经过近４０年的努力，铝板[有色商机 : 铝板网]带双辊连续铸轧工艺技术在我国得到迅速推广和普及，涿神公司、洛阳有色 金属 加工设计研究院等经过吸收消化国外先进技术，在开发设计和制造方面做了许多工作。１９９５年我国第一台φ９６０×１５５０ｍｍ大型双辊武连续铸轧机在华北铝业有限公司正式投入使用。目前，我国铝板带双辊连续铸轧机共有１２３条，板带总生产能力达到９０万吨／年，其中从国外引进的双辊式连续铸轧机１２台，总产能达到１４．２万吨／年，分别安装在华北铝业有限公司、抚顺铝厂、太原铝材厂、美铝上海铝箔有限公司、瑞闵铝业集团、洛阳铜加工厂等企业。铝板带双辊连续铸轧工艺技术的优势是：１、投资少，见效快，投资回收期短，对于中小型铝板带轧制厂是可行的。２．金属通过量大，可以用回收废料作原料，生产成本低廉，在价格上颇具竞争力。３．相当明显地减少从铝水－铸块－热轧板带或重轧的时间，省去了铸块、铣面、开坯等工序，提高了劳动生产率。４．降低了由于热轧所需的一系列工序的能耗。５．双辊连续铸轧工艺的生产线配置合理，结构紧凑，方便操作。随着我国铝加工工业的快速发展，国内许多工业如航空工业、电子工业、汽车工业、机械工业和包装工业、家用电器行业对铝板带箔产品的需求增加，特别是在我国加入ＷＴＯ，面对全球经济一体化的严峻形势，由于铝板带双辊连续铸轧工艺技术的局限性，采用双辊连续铸轧工艺技术生产的铝板带已经不能满足国内和国际市场多合金、多品种的需求，加上我国铝板带坯热轧毛料和双辊连续铸轧生产的铝板带毛料之间存在着比例失调，铝板带双辊连续铸轧工艺生产的毛料比例过大。 更多有关铅板轧机的内容请查阅上海 有色网本文为转载稿，仅代表作者本人的观点，与本网立场无关。上海有色网信息科技有限公司不对其中包含或引用的信息的准确性、可靠性或完整性提供任何明示或暗示的保证。对于任何因直接或间接采用、转载本文提供的信息造成的损失，上海有色网信息科技有限公司均不承担责任。媒体合作事宜， 敬请联系info@smm.cn 或 021-6183 1988 转 5009。

随着 市场 对紫铜需求的日益增大，对于其购买都是采用批发紫铜的买法。紫铜中的微量杂质对铜的导电、导热性能有严重影响。其中钛、磷、铁、硅等显著降低电导率,而镉、锌等则影响很小。氧、硫、硒、碲等在铜中的固溶度很小,可与铜生成脆性化合物,对导电性影响不大，但能降低加工塑性。普通紫铜在含氢或一氧化碳的还原性气氛中加热时，氢或一氧化碳易与晶界的氧化亚铜(Cu2O)作用，产生高压水蒸气或二氧化碳气体，可使铜破裂。这种现象常称为铜的“氢病”。氧对铜的焊接性有害。铋或铅与铜生成低熔点共晶，使铜产生热脆；而脆性的铋呈薄膜状分布在晶界时，又使铜产生冷脆。磷能显著降低铜的导电性,但可提高铜液的流动性,改善焊接性。适量的铅、碲、硫等能改善可切削性。紫铜退火板材的室温抗拉强度为22～25公斤力／毫米2,伸长率为45～50％，布氏硬度（HB）为35～45。具有优良的导电性﹑导热性﹑延展性和耐蚀性。主要用于制作发电机﹑母线﹑电缆﹑开关装置﹑变压器等电工器材和热交换器﹑管道﹑太阳能加热装置的平板集热器等导热器材。常用的铜合金分为黄铜﹑青铜﹑白铜3大类。 　　纯净的铜是紫红色的 金属 ，俗称“紫铜”、“红铜”或“赤铜”。紫铜富有延展性。象一滴水那么大小的纯铜，可拉成长达两公里的细丝，或压延成比床还大的几乎透明的箔。紫铜最可贵的性质是导电性能非常好，在所有的 金属 中仅次于银。但铜比银便宜得多，因此成了电气工业的“主角”。批发出售有利于更好的将紫铜推向 市场 ，想要了解更多关于紫铜批发的信息，请继续浏览上海 有色 网。

冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。镀锌是在装有镀件、玻璃球、锌粉、水和促进剂的旋转滚桶内，作为冲击介质的玻璃球随着滚桶转动，与镀件表面发生摩擦和锤击产生机械物理能量，在化学促进剂的作用下，将镀涂的锌粉“冷焊”到镀件表面上，形成光滑、均匀和细致的具有一定厚度的镀层。镀锌分为热镀锌和电镀锌两种。热镀锌也叫热浸镀锌和热浸锌，是一种有效的 金属 防腐方式，主要用于各 行业 的 金属 结构设施上。是将除锈后的钢件浸入500℃左右融化的锌液中，使钢构件表面附着锌层，从而起到防腐的目的。电镀锌，是利用电解设备将管件经过除油、酸洗、后放入成分为锌盐的溶液中，并连接电解设备的负极，在管件的对面放置锌版，连接在电解设备的正极接通电源，利用电流从正极向负极的定向移动就会在管件上沉积一层锌，冷镀管件是先加工后镀锌。

2009年中国裸铜线批发 市场 发展迅速，产品产出持续扩张，在国家 产业 政策的鼓励下， 行业 产品向高技术产品方向发展，国内企业新增投资项目逐渐增多。投资者对 行业 关注越来越密切，这使得裸铜线 行业 的发展需求不断增大。  2009年10月-2010年3月铜电线 价格 ：BV 2.5平方电线 价格 :145元/盘 BV 4平方电线 价格 :236元/盘 BV 6平方电线 价格 ：363元/盘  2009年8月国内 现货 铜线批发 价格 达到37000元 /吨的高位，但 期货价格 却不为所动，在连续6个 交易 日里自最高价下跌了1000元/吨。相比于上海铜价，LME和COMEX的 走势 显得更加疲弱，LME3 月铜 价格 反弹到3320美元后就调头向下，根本没有触及倒3338美元的记录新高，经过5个 交易 日的下跌已经回到3200美元以下。在 价格 温和下跌一定幅度后， 市场 上消费买盘纷纷进入也吸引了一部分以牛市思维进场的抄底买盘。对于 价格 后市如何演绎，铜价运行趋势是否转变，笔者综合几方面的因素进行了分析，得出这样的结论：铜价牛熊转换正在进行，如果 价格 跌破关键的支撑将加速下跌，并开始熊市。

铝箔轧机主要用于铝箔轧制、加工与精炼的一套铝 行业 机械设备，具体用途如下：发生火灾或爆炸具备三个条件铝箔轧制发生火灾或爆炸必须具备三个条件：可燃物，如轧制油、棉纱、胶管等；助燃物，即空气中的氧气；火源与高温，如摩擦、电火花、静电、明火等。缺少其中某一个条件都不会燃烧火爆炸。 高速铝箔轧制中产生的油蒸汽与空气中的氧气是无法避免的，因此高速铝箔轧机安全防火的关键，是如何消除火源及局部过热产生的高温。主要措施　　铝箔轧制过程中的防火措施１、在高速铝箔轧制中，轧机周围产生高浓度的油蒸汽很难避免，为了尽量降低油蒸汽的浓度，应保证排烟装置的正常运行，并使其排风量达到最大值。 　　２、加强工作辊、支承辊、导辊油雾润滑系统的点检与检查，保证油雾发生器油位、油压、风压、温度符合要求，油雾发生器与轴承箱的连接管路应畅通，以提供足够的润滑条件。油雾润滑不良是引起轧机火灾最主要原因之一，在生产中，应对油雾润滑系统重点管理，发现问题及时停车处理。 　　３．加强轧辊内环、轴承的检查与管理，每次换辊都应进行检查，对有故障的部位及时修理与更换。轴承箱的安装松紧应适度，避免辊脖与轴承内套产生相对运动。 　　４．在有油蒸汽的地方，必须使用防爆型电器设备，天车吊具卸下后应及时切断吊具电源。 　　５．断带保护装置应灵敏有效，铝箔坯料厚度应均匀，不允许突然增厚很多以避免塞料现象的发生。在操作上，在料卷的尾部应适当降低轧机速度。 　　６．提高操作水平，减少断带，及时清理轧机本体与集油盘中的碎铝片，轧机本体、管道油箱等应接地良好。 　　７．合理选择基础油和添加剂。高速铝箔的轧制油除了有良好的润滑性、冷却性、流动性、退火性能、稳定性及无难闻的气味等特点外，基础油与添加剂、两种或两种以上的添加剂之间还要有良好的互容、不易变质的特性。生产余物　　铝箔轧制过程中产生“油泥”，主要是由于基础油与添加剂或添加剂与添加剂之间的互容性不好造成的。选择合理的基础油和添加剂，对提高铝箔质量，防止“油泥”造成的火灾事故有重要意义。如果产生“油泥”，应及时更换不合理的添加剂或基础油，同时轧制油中可以加入适量的抗静电剂等.更多有关铝箔轧机的内容请查阅上海 有色 网

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在6~13.5吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。产品特点因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。简单来说，冷轧，是在热软板扎的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧→酸洗→冷轧这样的加工过程。冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由热轧经过连续冷变形而成的冷轧，机械性能比较差，硬度太高，必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。化学成分（Wt%）牌号CSiMnPSCuSPCC0.02～0.08≤0.100.15～0.30≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q1950.06～0.12≤0.300.25～0.50≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q235-B0.12～0.20≤0.300.30～0.70≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050制作工序冷轧通常采用众轧的方式。冷轧生产的工序一般包括原料准备、酸洗、轧制、脱脂、退火(热处理)、精整等。冷轧以热轧产品为原料，冷轧前原料要先除磷，以保证冷轧产品的表面洁净。轧制是使材料变形的主要工序。脱脂的目的在于去除轧制时附在轧材上的润滑油脂，以免退火时污染钢材表面，对不锈钢也为防止增碳。退火包括中间退火和成品热处理，中间退火是通过再结晶消除冷变形时产生的加工硬化，以恢复材料的塑性及降低金属的变形抗力。成品热处理的目的除了通过再结晶消除硬化外。还在于根据产品的技术要求以获得所需要的组织(如各种织构等)和产品性能(如深冲、电磁性能等)。精整包括检查、剪切、矫直(平整)、打印、分类包装等内容。冷轧产品有很高的包装要求，以防止产品在运输过程中表面被刮伤。除上述工序外在生产一些特殊产品时还有各自的特殊工序。如轧制硅钢板时，在冷轧前要进行脱碳退火，轧后要进行涂膜、高温退火、拉伸矫直(见张力矫直)与回火等。用于冷轧带刚的轧机有二辊轧机、四辊轧机和多辊轧机。应用最多的是四辊轧机。轧制更薄的产品则要采用多辊轧机。多辊轧机的种类很多，如六辊轧机、偏八辊轧机，十二辊轧机，二十辊轧机等(见轧机)。随着对板形要求的提高，发展了许多改进板形的技术，如弯辊技术、窜辊技术和交叉轧辊技术等。冷轧带钢轧机按机架排列可分为单机可逆或不可逆式与多机连续式两类。前者适用于多品种、少批量或合金钢产品比例大的情况。它投资低、建厂快，但产量低，金属消耗较大。多机架连续轧制适合于产品品种较单一或者变动不大的情况，它有生产效率高、产量大的优点，但投资较大。与热轧带钢(见热连轧宽带钢生产工艺、热轧窄带钢生产)相比，冷轧带钢(见冷板扎带生产)的轧制工艺有以下特点：(1)采用工艺润滑和冷却，以降低轧制时的变形抗力和冷却轧辊；(2)采用大张力轧制，以降低变形抗力和保持轧制过程的稳定。采用的平均单位张力值为材料屈服强度的10%～60%，一般不超过50%；(3)采用多轧程轧制。由于冷轧使材料产生加工硬化，当总变形量达到60%～80%时，继续变形就变得很困难。为此要进行中间退火，使材料软化后轧制得以继续进行。为了得到要求的薄带钢，这样的中间退火可能要进行多次。两次中间退火之间的轧制称为一个轧程。冷轧带钢的退火在有保护气体的连续式退火炉或罩式退火炉中进行(见冷轧板带退火)。冷轧带钢的最小厚度目前可达到0.05mm，冷轧箔材可达到0.001mm。

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板，俗称冷板。　　冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。 　　一般来说，冷轧钢板分为三代产品：沸腾钢为第一代，铝镇静钢为第二代，无间隙原子刚（IF钢）为第三代。   您查询的关键词是：冷轧钢板  。如果打开速度慢，可以尝试快速版；如果想保存快照，可以添加到搜藏。 "冷轧钢板""2,冷轧钢板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.56",,"2.5","6000x1200 7000x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","22.25""0.45",,"4.01",,"2.75",,"24.48""0.5",,"4.45",,"3.0",,"26.70""0.6",,"5.34",,"3.5",,"31.50""0.7",,"6.23",,"4.0",,"35.60""0.8",,"7.12",,"4.5",,"40.05""0.9",,"8.01",,"5.0",,"44.50""1.0",,"8.90",,"5.5",,"48.95""1.1",,"9.79",,"6.0",,"53.40""1.2",,"10.68",,"6.5",,"57.85""1.35",,"12.02",,"7.0",,"62.30""1.5",,"13.35",,"7.5",,"66.75""1.65",,"14.60",,"8.0",,"71.20""1.8",,"16.02",,"9.0",,"80.10""2.0",,"17.80",,"10.0",,"89.00""2.25",,"20.03""冷轧铜条""2,冷轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.20","200~400","500~800","1.78",,"2.50","200~500","500~2000","22.25""0.25",,,"2.23",,"2.75",,,"24.48""0.30",,,"2.67",,"3.00",,"1000~2000","26.70""0.35",,,"3.12",,"3.50",,,"31.15""0.40","200~500","500~2000","3.56",,"4.00",,,"35.60""0.45",,,"4.01",,"4.50",,,"40.05""0.50",,,"4.45",,"5.00",,,"44.50""0.60",,,"5.34",,"5.50",,,"48.95""0.70",,,"6.23",,"6.00",,,"53.40""0.80",,,"7.12",,"6.50",,,"57.85""0.90",,,"8.01",,"7.00",,,"62.30""1.00",,,"8.90",,"8.00",,,"71.20""1.20",,,"10.68",,"9.00",,,"80.10""1.30",,,"11.57",,"10.00",,,"89.00""1.40",,,"12.46",,"11.00",,,"97.90""1.50",,,"13.35",,"12.00",,,"106.8""1.60",,,"14.69",,"13.00",,,"115.7""1.80",,,"16.02",,"14.00",,,"124.6""2.00",,,"17.80",,"15.00",,,"133.5""注 铜板和条(热轧,冷轧)的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4和TU和TUP,其化学成分应符合YB145-71规定""特殊用冷轧黄铜条""3,特殊用冷轧黄铜条(YB555-65)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)""0.20","200~300","500~1000","1.76",,"1.6","200~500","500~2000","14.08""0.25",,,"2.20",,"1.8",,,"15.84""0.30","200~400",,"2.64",,"2.0",,,"17.60""0.35",,,"3.08",,"2.5",,,"22.00""0.40","200~500",,"3.52",,"2.75",,,"24.20""0.45",,,"3.96",,"3.0",,,"26.40""0.50",,"500~2000","4.40",,"3.5",,,"30.80""0.55",,,"4.84",,"4.0",,,"35.20""0.60",,,"5.28",,"4.5",,,"39.60""0.70",,,"6.16",,"5.0",,,"44.00""0.80",,,"7.04",,"5.5",,,"48.40""0.90",,,"7.92",,"6.0",,,"52.80""1.0",,,"8.8",,"6.5",,,"57.20""1.2",,,"10.56",,"7.0",,,"61.60""1.3",,,"11.44",,"8.0",,,"70.40""1.4",,,"12.32",,"9.0",,,"79.20""1.5",,,"13.20",,"10.0",,,"88.00""注 (1)标记举例:用H80制成的,厚度为0.8mm,宽度为300mm,长度为1000mm的1/2硬条标记为:"" 条H80-Y20.8x300x1000YB555-65."" (2)冷轧条分为定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.""多面体的体积和表面积""多面体的体积和表面积""图形",,"尺寸符号",,"重心(G)""立方体",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方体∧棱柱∨",,,,"G0=h/2""三棱柱",,,,"Go=h/2""棱锥",,,,"Go=h/4""棱台""圆柱和空心圆柱∧管∨",,,,"Go=h/2""斜线直圆柱""直圆锥",,,,"Go=h/4""圆台""球",,,,"在球心上""球扇形∧球楔∨",,,,"Go=3/4(r-h/2)""球缺",,,,"Go=3(2r-h)2/4(3r-h)""圆环体∧胎∨",,,,"在环中心上""球带体",,,,"Go=h1+h/2""桶形",,,,"在轴交点上""椭球体",," a,b,c-半轴",,"在轴交点上""交叉圆柱体",,,,"在二轴交点上""梯形体""常用图形求面积,体积公式""常用图形求面积,体积公式""图形",,"尺寸符号","面积(F) 表面积(S)","重心(G)""正方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""三角形",,,,"GB=1/3BD CD=DA""平行四边形",,,,"对角线交点上""任意四边形""正多边形",,,,"在o点上""菱形",,,,"在对角线交点上""梯形""圆形",,,,"在圆心上""椭圆形",,"a·b-主轴","F= (π/4) a·b","在主轴交点G上""扇形""弓形""圆环",,,,"在圆心O""部分圆环""新月形",,,,"O1G=(π-P)L/2P","L d/10","2d/10 3d/10 4d/10","5d/10 6d/10 7d/10 ","8d/10 9d/10","P 0.40","0.79 1.18 1.56","1.91 2.25 2.55","2.81 3.02""抛物线形""等多边形",,," "," 在内,外接圆心处""冷轧黄钢板""4,冷轧黄钢板(YB460-71)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)""0.20","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","1.70",,"2.00","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","17.00""0.25",,"2.13",,"2.25",,"19.13""0.30",,"2.55",,"2.50",,"21.25""0.35",,"2.98",,"2.75",,"23.38""0.40",,"3.40",,"3.00",,"25.50""0.45",,"3.82",,"3.50",,"29.75""0.50",,"4.25",,"4.00",,"34.00""0.60",,"5.10",,"4.50",,"38.20""0.70",,"5.95",,"5.00",,"42.50""0.80",,"6.80",,"5.50",,"46.75""0.90",,"7.65",,"6.00",,"51.00""1.00",,"8.50",,"6.50",,"55.25""1.10",,"9.35",,"7.00",,"59.50""1.20",,"10.20",,"7.50",,"63.75""1.35",,"11.48",,"8.00",,"68.00""1.50",,"12.75",,"9.00",,"76.50""1.65",,"14.03",,"10.00",,"85.00""1.80",,"15.30""注 (1)冷轧软板仅供应H59,H62,H68,H80,H90,H96,HMn58-2,HPb59-1牌号.""(2)冷轧1/2硬板仅供应H62,H65,H68,H90,HMn58-2牌号.""(3)冷轧特硬板仅供应H62牌号.""(4)冷轧板材长度分为:定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.其通常长度为500~2000mm,但长度不得小于宽度.""特殊用冷轧黄钢板""5,特殊用冷轧黄钢板(YB555-65)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.52",,"2.25","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","19.60""0.45",,"3.96",,"2.50",,"22.00""0.50",,"4.40",,"2.75",,"24.20""0.55",,"4.84",,"3.0",,"26.40""0.60",,"5.28",,"3.5",,"30.80""0.70",,"6.16",,"4.0",,"35.20""0.80",,"7.04",,"4.5",,"39.60""0.90",,"7.92",,"5.0",,"44.00""1.0",,"8.80",,"5.5",,"48.40""1.1",,"9.68",,"6.0",,"52.80""1.2",,"10.56",,"6.5",,"57.20""1.35",,"11.88",,"7.0",,"61.60""1.5",,"13.20",,"7.5",,"66.60""1.65",,"14.52",,"8.0",,"70.40""1.8",,"15.84",,"9.0",,"79.20""2.0",,"17.60",,"10.0",,"88.00""注 标记举例:用H90制成的,厚度为2.5mm,宽度为600mm,长度为1200mm的软板标记为:"" 板H90M2.5x600x1200xYB555-65.""铝及铝合金板""6,铝及铝合金板""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)"0.5,"1.40",,"2.5","7.00",,"9.0","25.2",,"25","70.0"0.6,"1.68",,"3.0","8.40",,"10.0","28.0",,"30","84.0"0.8,"2.24",,"3.5","9.80",,"12.0","33.6",,"35","98.0""1.0","2.80",,"4.0","11.20",,"14.0","39.2",,"40","112.0""1.2","3.36",,"5.0","14.00",,"16.0","44.8",,"50","140.0""1.5","4.20",,"6.0","16.80",,"18.0","50.4",,"60","168.0""1.8","5.04",,"7.0","19.60",,"20.0","56.0",,"70","196.0""2.0","5.60",,"8.0","22.40",,"22.0","61.6",,"80","224.0""注 (1)板的宽度有1000,1200和500mm;板的长度有2000,3000和4000mm."" (2)理论重量按LY11,LY12和LD10等牌号铝合金的比重2.8计算,对于其他牌号的铝合金和工业纯铝,应乘以"" 下列换算系数:LD2-0.961;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975;LC4-1.018;工业纯铝-0.967.""铅板""7,铅板(GB1470-79)""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)""1.0","11.37",,"3.0","34.11",,"5.0","56.85",,"9.0","102.33""1.5","17.06",,"3.5","39.80",,"6.0","68.22",,"10.0","113.70""2.0","22.74",,"4.0","45.48",,"7.0","79.59",,"12.0","136.44""2.5","28.43",,"4.5","51.17",,"8.0","90.96",,"16.0","170.55""注 (1)铅的化学成分按GB469-64标准."" (2)板材理论重量按比重为11.34计算,宽度按500mm进张."" (3)板材成卷供应,厚度大于15mm的板材,以片状供应,厚度不大于1.5mm的板材,应用木箱包装.""纯铜带"",纯铜带(YB464-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.05","18~150","≥20","0.44",,"0.50","18~300","≥10","4.45""0.06",,,"0.53",,"0.55",,,"4.90""0.07",,,"0.62",,"0.60",,,"5.34""0.08",,,"0.71",,"0.65",,,"5.79""0.09",,,"0.80",,"0.70",,,"6.23""0.10","18~300",,"0.89",,"0.75",,,"6.68""0.12",,,"1.07",,"0.80",,,"7.12""0.15",,,"1.34",,"0.85",,,"7.57""0.18",,,"1.60",,"0.90",,,"8.01""0.20",,,"1.78",,"1.00",,,"8.90""0.22",,,"1.96",,"1.10",,,"9.79""0.25",,,"2.23",,"1.20",,"≥7","10.68""0.30",,,"2.67",,"1.30",,,"11.57""0.35",,,"3.12",,"14.40",,,"12.46""0.40",,,"3.56",,"1.50",,,"13.35""0.45",,,"4.01""注 纯铜带的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4,TUP,其化学成分符合YB145-71的规定.""铝带""9,铝带""宽 度 (mm)","厚 度 (mm)","3","4","5","6","8","10","12","重 量 (kg/m)""10","0.080","0.107","0.134 0.161 0.268 0.335 0.402 0.536 0.670 0.804 1.072 1.340 1.608","0.161","0.214","0.268","0.322""12","0.096","0.129",,"0.193","0.257","0.322","0.386""15","0.121","0.161",,"0.241","0.322","0.402","0.482""20","0.161","0.214",,"0.322","0.429","0.568","0.643""25","0.201","0.268",,"0.402","0.568","0.670","0.804""30","0.241","0.332",,"0.482","0.643","0.804","0.965""40","0.322","0.429",,"0.643","0.858","1.072","1.286""50","0.402","0.536",,"0.804","1.072","1.340","1.608""60","0.482","0.643",,"0.965","1.286","1.608","1.930""80","0.643","0.858",,"1.286","1.715","2.144","2.573""100","0.804","1.072",,"1.608","2.144","2.680","3.216""120","0.965","1.286",,"1.930","2.573","3.216","3.859""注 表中重量系以LY11,LY12,(比重2.8)为准,其他合金应乘以下列系数:"" L1~L6-0.967;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975.""热轧铜条""1,热轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""4.0","200~500","≥1000","35.60",,"8.0","200~500","≥1000","71.20""4.5",,,"40.05",,"9.0",,,"80.10""5.0",,,"44.05",,"10.0",,,"89.0""5.5",,,"48.95",,"11.0",,,"97.9""6.0",,,"53.40",,"12.0",,,"106.8""6.5",,,"57.85",,"13.0",,,"115.7""7.0",,,"62.30",,"14.0",,,"124.6""7.5",,,"66.75",,"15.0",,,"133.5""英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""(二)英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm""0","0.324","8.230",,"14","0.080","2.032",,"28","0.0148","0.376""1","0.300","7.020",,"15","0.072","1.829",,"29","0.0136","0.345""2","0.276","7.010",,"16","0.064","1.626",,"30","0.0124","0.315""3","0.252","6.401",,"17","0.056","1.422",,"31","0.0116","0.295""4","0.232","5.893",,"18","0.048","1.219",,"32","0.0108","0.274""5","0.212","5.385",,"19","0.040","1.016",,"33","0.0100","0.254""6","0.192","4.877",,"20","0.036","0.914",,"34","0.0092","0.234""7","0.176","4.470",,"21","0.032","0.813",,"35","0.0084","0.213""8","0.160","4.064",,"22","0.028","0.711",,"36","0.0076","0.193""9","0.144","3.658",,"23","0.024","0.610",,"37","0.0068","0.173""10","0.128","3.251",,"24","0.022","0.559",,"38","0.0060","0.152""11","0.116","2.946",,"25","0.020","0.508",,"39","0.0052","0.132"12,"0.104","2.642",,"26","0.018","0.457",,"40","0.0048","0.122"13,"0.092","2.337",,"27","0.0164","0.417",,"41","0.0044","0.112""刺钢丝""三)刺钢丝规格和重量""说 明 和 用 途",,"钢丝划号 (号)","刺间距离 (mm)","每kg长度 (m)","重量 (kg/km)""刺钢丝又名刺铁丝,俗称"花园铅丝"(因常作花园围墙篱笆之用,故名),系以镀锌钢丝经机器铰缠而成(一般用#12或#14钢丝制作).适于作各种围墙(尤其是公园围墙和临时建筑场地 的围墙)篱笆或障碍物用.",,"12","65","6.4","156",,,"75","7.2","139",,,"100","7.9","127",,,"125","8.6","116",,"14","65","10.9","91.8",,,"75","11.5","86.9",,,"100","13.0","76.9",,,"125","14.0","71.4""注 (1)刺钢丝规格的注写方法为"钢丝直径(号数)x尖数x刺间距离",或"钢丝直径(号数)x刺间距离"."" (2)表列刺钢丝的"每kg长度"和"重量",仅供参考.""刻痕钢丝""四)刻痕钢丝规格和重量""直径 (mm)","断面积 (mm2)","重量 (kg/m)"," 抗 拉 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,"屈 服 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,,"I组","II组","I组","II组""2.5","4.90","0.034","190","160","152","128""3","7.06","0.056","180","150","144","120""4","12.56","0.094","170","140","136","112""5","19.63","0.150","160","130","126","104""注 刻痕钢丝是由预应力混凝土结构用碳素钢丝(冷拔高强度钢丝)在经特制的"刻痕机"进行刻痕而制成的"" 预应力钢筋混凝土结构用的钢丝.""钢丝网""五)钢丝网规格和重量""号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)"20,"1.6","1.5",,"6","2.0","6.7",,"2.5","0.7","2.0",,"1","0.3","0.9","3.0","5.1",,"5.5","0.5","0.6",,"2.2","0.45","1.0",,,"0.35","1.2""18","1.6","1.7",,,"1.6","4.7",,,"0.6","1.6",,"0.9","0.25","0.7","3.0","5.7",,,"2.0","7.2",,,"0.8","2.9",,,"0.3","1.0""16","1.6","1.9",,"5","0.7","1.1",,"2","0.4","0.9",,,"0.4","1.6","3.0","6.3",,,"1.4","4.1",,,"0.5","1.3",,"0.8","0.22","0.6""14","1.4","1.7",,,"2.2","8.9",,,"0.6","1.9",,,"0.28","0.9","2.5","4.9",,"4.5","0.5","0.7",,,"1.2","6.0",,,"0.3","1.0""12","1.2","1.4",,,"1.0","2.3",,"1.8","0.4","0.9",,"0.7","0.2","0.6","2.5","5.7",,,"1.8","6.8",,,"0.5","1.4",,,"0.25","0.9""11","1.2","1.5",,"4","0.6","1.0",,,"0.7","2.6",,,"0.30","1.2","2.5","6.1",,,"1.0","2.6",,"1.6","0.3","0.6",,"0.63","0.22","0.7""10","1.0","1.2",,,"1.4","4.8",,,"0.4","1.0",,,"0.25","0.9","2.5","6.6",,"3.5","0.7","1.5",,,"0.45","1.3",,,"0.28","1.2""9","1.0","1.3",,,"1.0","2.9",,"1.4","0.30","0.7",,"0.56","0.22","0.8","2.2","5.7",,,"1.2","4.0",,,"0.35","0.9",,,"0.25","1.0""8","0.7","0.7",,"3.2","0.45","0.7",,,"0.65","2.7",,,"0.28","1.2","1.2","2.1",,,"0.9","2.7",,"1.2","0.28","0.7",,"0.5","0.22","0.9","1.8","4.5",,,"1.2","4.3",,,"0.35","1.0",,,"0.25","1.1""7","0.7","0.8",,"2.8","0.4","0.7",,,"0.4","1.3",,,"0.3","1.5","1.2","2.3",,,"0.7","1.8",,"1.1","0.28","0.7",,"0.45","0.2","0.8","1.8","5.0",,,"1.0","3.6",,,"0.35","1.1",,,"0.25","1.2""6","0.7","0.9",,"2.5","0.4","0.7",,,"0.40","1.4",,,"0.2","0.9","1.2","2.7",,,"0.5","1.1",,"1","0.25","0.7",,"0.4","0.25","1.3""钢板网""六)钢板网规格和重量""品 种","规 格 (mm)",,,,,,"每张大约重量(kg)","生产单位","丝梗厚度 h","孔眼宽度 T","丝梗宽度 b","节 距 t","网面宽度 B","网面长度 L""小","0.5","9","1","25","1800","600","0.875","上海中国钢板网厂",,,,,"2000",,"0.875","0.6","9","1","25","1800","600","1.000",,,,,"2000",,"1.125","0.7","9","1","25","1800","600","1.125",,,,,"2000",,"1.250""网","0.75","9","1","25","1800","600","1.250",,,,,"2000",,"1.375","0.8","9","1","25","1800","600","1.375",,,,,"2000",,"1.500","1","9","1","25","1500","600","1.625",,,,,"1800",,"1.875",,,,,"2000",,"2.125""大","0.5","7","1.2","2.5","1800","2800","5.85","上海中国钢板网厂","1","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","11.70",,"9","1.2","25","1500","3000","7.95",,,,,"1800","3600","11.70",,"9","1.1","25","2000","4000","14.76",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","11.70",,,,,"2000","4000","14.60","1.2","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","14.04",,"9","1.2","25","1800","3600","14.04",,,"1.1","25","2000","4000","17.71",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","14.04""网",,,,,"2000","4000","17.71","1.5","11","1.6","40","1800","3600","17.55",,"17","2.3","65","2000","4000","22.14","2","17","2.3","65","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"22","3.0","75","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"27","3.8","100","2000","4000","29.52","3","36","4.6","115","2000","4000","44.28",,"45","6.1","150""钢丝纱""七)钢丝纱(窗纱)规格和重量""规 格","面 积(m2/卷)","重 量",,"(kg/卷)","(kg/m2)""14目3x100","27.87","12.5","0.448""14目4x100","37.16","16.6","0.448""16目3x100",27.87,13.5,"0.484""16目4x100",37.16,"18.0","0.484""紫铜丝布""(八)紫铜丝布(紫铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","22","2.691",,"30","30","2.5116",,"65","36","1.9734""10","24","2.691",,"35","31","1.9734",,"70","36","1.9734""12","24","3.0498",,"40","32","1.9734",,"75","37","1.9734""16","26","2.1528",,"45","33","1.9734",,"80","37","1.9734""20","27","2.1528",,"50","34","1.9734",,"100","39","1.7940""24","30","2.1528",,"55","35","1.9734""28","30","2.3322",,"60","35","1.7940""黄铜丝布""(九)黄铜丝布(黄铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","24","1.5787",,"24","34","0.8611",,"50","38","0.6458""10","26","1.2375",,"26","34","0.8252",,"60","41","0.3947""12","27","1.2558",,"28","36","0.5386",,"70","42","0.3347""14","27","1.3276",,"30","36","0.5741",,"80","43","0.3767""16","32","0.6100",,"32","36","0.6100",,"90","43","0.4306""18","33","0.6100",,"34","36","0.6279",,"100","43","0.5023""20","33","0.7176",,"36","36","0.7176",,"110","44","0.3347""22","33","0.8611",,"40","36","0.4844",,"120","44","0.4485""铝及铝合金直角角型材""1,铝及铝合金直角角型材(XC111)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b"1,"12","1","0.234","0.065",,"25","25","1.3","0.734","0.204",,"49","38.3","5","3.590","0.998"2,"12","2","0.440","0.122",,"26","25","1.6","0.777","0.216",,"50","38.3","6.3","4.444","1.235"3,"12.5","1.6","0.377","0.105",,"27","25","2","0.964","0.268",,"51","40","2","1.564","0.435"4,"15","1","0.294","0.082",,"28","25","2.5","1.189","0.331",,"52","40","2.5","1.944","0.540"5,"15","1.2","0.353","0.098",,"29","25","3","1.410","0.392",,"53","40","3","2.320","0.645"6,"15","1.5","0.434","0.121",,"30","25","3.2","1.509","0.429",,"54","40","3.5","2.671","0.743"7,"15","2","0.564","0.157",,"31","25","3.5","1.641","0.456",,"55","40","3.5","2.694","0.749"8,"15","3","0.820","0.223",,"32","25","4","1.857","0.516",,"56","40","4","3.057","0.850"9,"16","1.6","0.429","0.119",,"33","25","5","2.242","0.623",,"57","40","5","3.750","1.043"10,"16","2.4","0.726","0.202",,"34","27","2","1.041","0.289",,"58","45","4","3.475","0.961"11,"18","1.5","0.524","0.146",,"35","27","2","1.090","0.303",,"59","45","5","4.277","1.189"12,"18","2","0.684","0.190",,"36","30","1.5","0.884","0.246",,"60","50","3","2.920","0.812"13,"19","1.6","0.585","0.163",,"37","30","2","1.164","0.324",,"61","50","4","3.857","1.072"14,"19","2.4","0.861","0.239",,"38","30","2.5","1.438","0.400",,"62","50","5","4.777","1.328"15,"19","3.2","1.125","0.313",,"39","30","3","1.720","0.478",,"63","50","6","5.655","1.572"16,"20","1","0.397","0.110",,"40","30","4","2.240","0.623",,"64","50","6.5","6.110","1.699"17,"20","1.2","0.473","0.131",,"41","32","2.4","1.491","0.415",,"65","50","12","10.600","2.947"18,"20","1.5","0.584","0.162",,"42","32","3.2","1.957","0.554",,"66","60","5","5.777","1.606"19,"20","2","0.764","0.212",,"43","32","3.5","2.131","0.592",,"67","60","6","6.855","1.906"20,"20","3","1.140","0.137",,"44","32","6.5","3.723","1.036",,"68","75","7","10.010","2.783"21,"20","4","1.475","0.410",,"45","35","3","2.005","0.557",,"69","75","8","11.360","3.158"22,"20.5","1.6","0.633","0.176",,"46","35","4","2.657","0.739",,"70","75","10","14.000","3.892"23,"23","2","0.680","0.245",,"47","38","2.4","1.773","0.498",,"71","90","5","8.750","2.433"24,"25","1.2","0.597","0.166",,"48","38.3","3.5","2.562","0.712",,"72","90","8","13.760","3.825""注 (1)铝及铝合金型材的尺寸,规格等摘自冶金工业部1970年颁发的《铝及铝镁合金挤压型材》."" (2)表内理论重量均按LY12合金比重(2.78)进行计算,其他材料的比重及换算系数如下:L1~L7(2.71)-0.975;"" LF2(2.68)-0.964;LF11(2.65)-0.953;LF21(2.73)-0.982;LD2(2.70)-0.971;"" LY11(2.80)-1.007;LY12(2.78)-1.000."" (3)铝型材主要生产单位有哈尔滨和西北铝加工厂等.西北铝加工厂的产品断面为100~400cm2,宽度小于530mm."" (4)铝及铝合金型材规格的表示方法是型材类别组号加序号,如XC111-4,其中,XC表示型材,后面的数字依次为"" 类别,组号,连字符后的数字为顺序号.""铝及铝合金直丁字型材""2,铝及铝合金直丁字型材(XC211)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"15","25","1","0.405","0.113",,"34","32","45","3","2.259","0.628"2,"19","50","2","1.378","0.383",,"35","32","48","2.4","1.874","0.521"3,"20","20","2","0.760","0.211",,"36","32","50","3","2.423","0.674"4,"20","30","1.5","0.740","0.206",,"37","35","32","1.5","1.000","0.278"5,"20","35","2","1.060","0.295",,"38","35","35","4","2.713","0.754"6,"20","37","2","1.117","0.311",,"39","35","40","2","1.468","0.408"7,"20","42","2","1.200","0.334",,"40","37","42","2","1.500","0.417"8,"20","42","2","1.240","0.345",,"41","38","44","5","3.910","1.087"9,"20","45","2","1.860","0.517",,"42","38","50","3.5","3.026","0.841"10,"20","90","2","2.160","0.600",,"43","38","50","4.8","3.990","1.109"11,"21","53","1.8","1.300","0.361",,"44","39","75","5","5.510","1.532"12,"22","48","1.4","1.960","0.267",,"45","40","36","5","3.350","0.933"13,"25","29","1.6","0.847","0.25",,"46","40","45","3","2.479","0.689"14,"25","35","1.5","0.890","0.247",,"47","40","45","4","3.274","0.910"15,"25","38","2.5","1.510","0.420",,"48","40","68","3","3.300","0.917"16,"25","40","2","1.280","0.356",,"49","40","130","6","9.840","2.736"17,"25","45","2.5","1.726","0.480",,"50","42","64","4","4.100","1.140"18,"25","45","3","2.019","0.561",,"51","45","40","2.2","1.860","0.517"19,"25","45","4","2.708","0.753",,"52","50","70","4","4.640","1.300"20,"25","48","1.4","1.012","0.288",,"53","51","51","2.4","2.443","0.679"21,"25","48","1.5","1.082","0.301",,"54","54","50","3","3.040","0.845"22,"25","50","2","1.499","0.417",,"55","54","68","3","3.608","1.003"23,"25","50","2.5","1.851","0.515",,"56","64","50","5","5.781","1.607"24,"26","38","2.5","1.554","0.432",,"57","63","50","2","2.320","0.645"25,"27","70","2","1.920","0.534",,"58","70","37","2","2.100","0.584"26,"29","38","1.6","1.055","0.293",,"59","70","55","2","2.460","0.684"27,"29","58","2.5","2.180","0.606",,"60","74","66","6","8.080","2.246"28,"29","58","3.5","2.991","0.831",,"61","75","40","3","3.400","0.945"29,"30","40","1.5","1.040","0.289",,"62","80","50","2","2.560","0.712"30,"30","40","2","1.370","0.381",,"63","80","60","3","4.110","1.143"31,"30","45","3","2.150","0.597",,"64","83","50","3","3.953","1.099"32,"30","56","4","3.280","0.912",,"65","90","77","10","15.700","4.365"33,"30","68","6.5","6.100","1.696""热轧铜板""1,热轧铜板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽 度 (mm)",,,,,,,,"理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)","600~900","1000~1200","1300~1500","1600~1800","1900~2200","2300~2500","2600~2800","2900~3000","最 大 长 度 (mm)""5.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"44.50""5.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"48.95""6.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"53.40""6.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"57.85""7.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"62.30""7.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"66.75""8.0","4000","5000","6000","5500","4800","4200","3700","3500","71.20""9.0","4000","5000","6000","5000","4200","3700","3300","3100","80.10""10.0","4000","5000","5500","4500","3800","3300","3000","3000","89.0""11.0","4000","5000","5000","4000","3400","3300","2800",,"97.9""12.0","4000","5000","4500","3800","3100","2800",,,"106.8""13.0","4000","5000","4000","3600","2900",,,,"115.7""14.0","4000","4500","3800","3300","2700",,,,"124.6""15.0","4500","4300","3600","3100","2500",,,,"133.5""16.0","4500","4300","3400","2000","2400",,,,"142.4""17.0","4500","4000","3200","2700","2200",,,,"151.3""18.0","4500","3900","3000","2600",,,,,"160.2""19.0","4500","3700","2800","2400",,,,,"169.1""20.0","4500","3500","2600","2300",,,,,"178.0""21.0","4000","3300","2500","2200",,,,,"186.9""22.0","4000","3000","2400","2100",,,,,"195.8""23.0","4000","3000","2400","2000",,,,,"204.7""24.0","3500","2800","2200","1900",,,,,"213.6""25.0","3500","2800","2000","1800",,,,,"222.5""注 热轧板的宽度按100mm进级.""铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材(XC511)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积 (mm2)","理论重量 (kg/m)","H","B","b"1,"23","38","1.2","1.178","0.327"2,"26","34.5","3.5","3.157","0.875"3,"57","48","8","11.000","3.058"4,"68","38","2.5","3.509","0.976"5,"86","60","6","11.600","3.225""铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材(XC411)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"12.7","15.9","1.6","0.688","0.191",,11,"38","25","3","2.613","0.726"2,"20","15","1.2","0.578","0.163",,12,"44","25","4","3.690","1.001"3,"20","15","1.5","0.721","0.200",,13,"50","19","2.5","2.102","0.584"4,"25","18","1.5","0.885","0.246",,14,"80","30","3","4.020","1.118"5,"25","23","3.5","2.267","0.630",,15,"80","35","4","5.680","1.579"6,"31","25","2.5","1.900","0.528",,16,"80","40","4","6.080","1.690"7,"32","14","1.9","1.000","0.303",,17,"100","30","3","4.620","1.284"8,"34","25","3.5","2.764","0.768",,18,"100","35","4","6.480","1.801"9,"36","26","2.5","2.075","0.577",,19,"100","40","4","6.880","1.913"10,"36","31.5","3.2","2.960","0.823""铝及铝合金槽形型材""3,铝及铝合金槽形型材(XC311)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"13","13","1.6","0.561","0.156",,"31","45","40","3","3.638","1.011"2,"13","34","3.5","2.579","0.717",,"32","46","25","5","4.300","1.195"3,"20","15","1.3","0.620","0.172",,"33","50","20","4","5.331","0.926"4,"21","28","4","2.868","0.797",,"34","50","30","2","2.120","0.589"5,"25","13","2.4","1.134","0.315",,"35","50","30","4","4.131","1.148"6,"25","15","1.5","0.795","0.221",,"36","55","25","5","4.819","1.340"7,"25","18","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"37","55","30","3","3.299","0.917"8,"25","18","2","1.140","0.317",,"38","60","25","4","4.131","1.148"9,"25","20","2.5","1.520","0.423",,"39","60","35","5","6.000","1.668"10,"25","20","4","2.280","0.634",,"40","60","40","4","4.480","1.245"11,"25","25","5","3.250","0.904",,"41","63","38.3","4.8","6.275","1.744"12,"30","15","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"42","64","38","4","5.300","1.473"13,"30","18","1.5","0.960","0.267",,"43","70","25","3","3.449","0.959"14,"30","20","2","1.335","0.371",,"44","70","25","5","5.500","1.529"15,"30","22","6","3.870","1.076",,"45","70","26","3.2","3.700","1.028"16,"32","25","1.8","1.437","0.399",,"46","70","30","4","4.931","1.371"17,"32","25","2.5","1.925","0.535",,"47","70","40","5","7.080","1.968"18,"35","20","2.5","1.770","0.492",,"48","75","45","5","7.831","2.177"19,"35","30","2","1.833","0.510",,"49","80","30","4.5","6.010","1.671"20,"38","50","5","6.560","1.824",,"50","80","35","4.5","6.414","1.783"21,"40","18","2","1.453","0.404",,"51","80","35","6","8.280","2.302"22,"40","18","2.5","1.795","0.499",,"52","80","40","4","6.131","1.704"23,"40","18","3","2.129","0.592",,"53","80","40","6","8.900","2.474"24,"40","21","4","2.960","0.823",,"54","80","60","4","7.480","2.079"25,"40","25","2","1.730","0.481",,"55","90","50","6","10.680","2.969"26,"40","25","3","2.549","0.709",,"56","100","40","6","10.080","2.802"27,"40","30","3.5","3.250","0.904",,"57","100","48","6.3","11.550","3.211"28,"40","32","3","2.978","0.828",,"58","100","50","5","9.580","2.663"29,"40","50","4","5.280","1.468",,"59","128","40","9","17.100","4.754"30,"45","20","3","2.370","0.659""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管1""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","0.25","0.30","0.40","0.50","0.60","0.80","1.0","1.2",1.4,"1.5",1.6,1.8,"2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""50",,,,,,,"1.21","1.44","1.68","1.79","1.91","2.14","2.37","2.59","2.93","3.25","3.48","3.70","4.01","4.54","5.05","5.55""(51)",,,,,,,"1.23","1.47","1.71","1.83","1.96","2.18","2.42","2.64","2.99","3.32","3.55","3.79","4.10","4.64","5.16","5.67""53",,,,,,,"1.28","1.53","1.78","1.91","2.03","2.27","2.52","2.76","3.11","3.46","3.70","3.94","4.27","4.83","5.38","5.92""(54)",,,,,,,"1.31","1.59","1.82","1.94","2.07","2.31","2.56","2.81","3.18","3.53","3.77","4.02","4.36","4.93","5.49","6.04""56",,,,,,,"1.36","1.62","1.89","2.02","2.15","2.40","2.66","2.92","3.30","3.66","3.92","4.17","4.53","5.13","5.71","6.29""(57)",,,,,,,"1.38","1.65","1.92","2.05","2.18","2.45","2.71","2.97","3.36","3.74","4.00","4.25","4.62","5.23","5.83","6.41""60",,,,,,,"1.46","1.74","2.02","2.16","2.31","2.58","2.86","3.13","3.55","3.94","4.22","4.49","4.88","5.52","6.16","6.78""63",,,,,,,"1.53","1.83","2.13","2.27","2.42","2.71","3.01","3.30","3.72","4.15","4.44","4.73","5.13","5.81","6.49","7.14""65",,,,,,,"1.58","1.89","2.20","2.35","2.50","2.80","3.11","3.40","3.85","4.29","4.59","4.89","5.31","6.02","6.71","7.40""(68)",,,,,,,"1.65","1.98","2.36","2.46","2.62","2.93","3.26","3.57","4.04","4.49","4.81","5.12","5.57","6.31","7.05","7.77""70",,,,,,,"1.70","2.03","2.37","2.53","2.70","3.02","3.35","3.68","4.16","4.36","4.96","5.23","5.74","6.51","7.27","8.01""(73)",,,,,,,"1.78","2.12","2.47","2.64","2.82","3.16","3.50","3.84","4.35","4.84","5.18","5.52","6.00","6.81","7.60","8.38""75",,,,,,,"1.82","2.18","2.54","2.71","2.90","3.24","3.60","3.95","4.46","4.97","5.32","5.68","6.17","7.00","7.82","8.62""(76)",,,,,,,"1.85","2.21","2.57","2.76","2.94","3.29","3.65","4.00","4.53","5.05","5.40","5.75","6.26","7.10","7.93","8.75""80",,,,,,,,,"2.71","2.90","3.09","3.47","3.84","4.22","4.77","5.32","5.69","6.07","6.60","7.49","8.37","9.24""(83)",,,,,,,,,"2.82","3.02","3.21","3.60","4.00","4.37","4.96","5.52","5.92","6.31","6.86","7.79","8.71","9.62""85",,,,,,,,,"2.88","3.08","3.29","3.69","4.09","4.48","5.08","5.66","6.06","6.46","7.04","7.98","8.93","9.83""(89)",,,,,,,,,"3.02","3.24","3.45","3.86","4.29","4.70","5.33","5.94","6.36","6.77","7.38","8.38","9.38","10.33""90",,,,,,,,,"3.05","3.27","3.49","3.91","4.34","4.76","5.39","6.01","6.43","6.86","7.47","8.47","9.49","10.47""95",,,,,,,,,"3.21","3.46","3.68","4.13","4.59","5.02","5.70","6.36","6.81","7.26","7.90","8.98","10.04","11.10"100,,,,,,,,,"3.40","3.64","3.88","4.35","4.83","5.30","6.00","6.70","7.17","7.65","8.32","9.46","10.59","11.70""(102)",,,,,,,,,"3.46","3.73","3.97","4.45","4.93","5.40","6.13","6.84","7.32","7.81","8.50","9.67","10.82","11.96""(108)",,,,,,,,,"3.67","3.95","4.21","4.72","5.23","5.74","6.50","7.25","7.77","8.29","9.02","10.26","11.49","12.70"110,,,,,,,,,"3.74","4.03","4.28","4.81","5.32","5.84","6.62","7.39","7.92","8.43","9.19","10.46","11.70","12.93"120,,,,,,,,,,"4.36","4.66","5.25","5.83","6.38","7.24","8.07","8.66","9.22","10.06","11.44","12.93","14.30"125,,,,,,,,,,,,"5.46","6.06","6.64","7.54","8.42","9.02","9.61","10.50","11.91","13.37","14.80"130,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"7.86","8.78","9.40","10.00","10.92","12.43","13.92","15.48""(133)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"8.05","8.98","9.59","10.25","11.18","12.75","14.26","15.75"140,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.11","10.79","11.80","13.42","15.05","16.65"150,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.85","11.52","12.65","14.39","16.11","17.85"160,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"13.53","15.38","17.25","19.09"170,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"14.31","16.31","18.35","20.30"180,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"15.20","17.30","19.50","21.59"190,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"18.29","20.60","22.80"200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"19.67","21.65","24.00""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管2""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","5.5","6.0","6.5","7.0","7.5","8.0","8.5","9","9.5","10",11,12,"钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""5""6""7""8""9""10","0.518","0.536","0.561""11","0.592","0.615","0.647""12","0.666","0.694","0.734","0.789""(13)","0.740","0.774","0.820","0.888""14","0.814","0.852","0.906","0.986""(15)","0.888","0.932","0.993","1.09","1.17","1.23""16","0.962","1.10","1.08","1.18","1.28","1.35""(17)","1.04","1.09","1.17","1.28","1.39","1.48""18","1.11","1.17","1.25","1.38","1.50","1.60""(19)","1.18","1.25","1.34","1.48","1.61","1.73","1.54","1.92""20","1.26","1.33","1.42","1.58","1.72","1.85","1.97","2.07""(21)","1.33","1.41","1.51","1.68","1.83","1.97","2.10","2.22""22","1.41","1.49","1.60","1.77","1.94","2.10","2.24","2.37""(23)","1.48","1.57","1.68","1.87","2.05","2.22","2.37","2.52""(24)","1.55","1.64","1.77","1.97","2.16","2.34","2.51","2.66","2.81","2.93""25","1.63","1.72","1.86","2.07","2.28","2.47","2.64","2.81","2.97","3.11""(27)","1.78","1.88","2.03","2.27","2.50","2.71","2.92","3.11","3.29","3.45""28","1.85","1.96","2.11","2.37","2.61","2.84","3.05","3.26","3.45","3.68""29","1.92","2.02","2.20","2.47","2.72","2.96","3.19","3.40","3.60","3.80","3.98""30","2.00","2.12","2.29","2.56","2.83","3.08","3.32","3.55","3.77","3.97","4.16","4.34""32","2.15","1.28","2.46","2.76","3.05","3.33","3.59","3.85","4.09","4.32","4.53","4.74""34","2.29","2.43","2.63","2.96","3.27","3.58","3.87","4.14","4.41","4.66","4.90","5.13""(35)","2.37","2.51","2.72","3.06","3.38","3.70","4.00","4.29","4.57","4.83","5.09","5.33""36","2.44","2.59","2.81","3.16","3.50","3.82","4.14","4.44","4.73","5.01","5.27","5.52""38","2.59","2.75","2.98","3.35","3.72","4.07","4.41","4.74","5.05","5.35","5.64","5.92","6.18","6.44""40","2.74","2.91","3.15","3.55","3.94","4.32","4.68","5.03","5.37","5.70","6.01","6.31","6.60","6.88""42","2.89","3.07","3.32","3.75","4.16","4.56","4.95","5.33","5.69","6.04","6.38","6.71","7.02","7.32""44.5","3.07","3.25","3.54","4.00","4.44","4.87","5.29","5.70","6.09","6.47","6.84","7.20","7.55","7.88""45","3.11","3.31","3.58","4.04","4.49","4.93","5.36","5.77","6.17","6.56","6.94","7.30","7.65","7.99","8.32","8.63""48","3.33","3.54","3.84","4.34","4.83","5.30","5.76","6.21","6.65","7.08","7.49","7.89","8.28","8.66","9.03","9.57""水,煤气输送钢管""1,水,煤气输送钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)234-63]""公称内径",,"钢 管 螺 纹",,"外径 (mm)","普通管",,"加厚管""mm","(in.)",,"壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)","壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)""6","1/8''","10","2","0.89","2.50","0.46""8","1/4''","13.5","2.25","0.62","2.75","0.73""10","3/8''","17","2.25","0.82","2.75","0.97""15","1/2''","21.25","2.75","1.25","3.25","1.44""20","3/4''","26.75","2.75","1.63","3.5","2.01""25","1''","33.5","3.25","2.42","4","2.91""32","1 1''/4","42.25","3.25","3.13","4","3.77""40","1 1''/2","48","3.5","3.84","4.25","4.58""50","2''","60","3.5","4.88","4.5","6.16""70","2 1''/2","75.5","3.75","6.64","4.5","7.88""80","3''","88.5","4","8.34","4.75","9.81""100","4''","114","4","10.85","5","13.44""125","5''","140","4.5","15.04","5.5","18.24""150","6''","165","4.5","17.81","5.5","21.63""注(1)表列钢管是适用于输送水,煤气及采暖系统等用的钢管.分镀锌和不镀锌(黑管)两种;又分带螺纹和"" 不带螺纹两种;按壁厚可分为普通钢管,加厚钢管和薄壁钢管."" (2)钢管的长度规定为:无螺纹的黑管4~12m;带螺纹的黑管和镀锌管4~9m.每批允许有10%的(按根数计算)"" 2~4m长的短尺钢管或4~9m米长的接管(即用一个管接头将两根钢管连接而成)."" (3)经供需双方协议,可供应定尺长度或倍尺长度的钢管.其最大长度可到8m.按倍尺交货的钢管,每个单"" 倍尺应留切口5~10mm."" (4)钢管用易焊接的软钢制造,钢号和制造方法(炉焊或电焊)均由制造厂选择."" (5)钢管应能承受下列规定压力的水压试验:普通钢管和薄壁钢管:20kg/cm2;加厚钢管30kg/cm2.""电丝套管""2,电丝套管规格,重量表""名称","外径 (mm)","近似内径 (mm)","管壁厚度 (mm)","重量 (kg/m)","每吨长度 (m/t)""5/8''","15.9","12.3","1.8","0.626","1597.44""3/4''","19.1","15.5","1.8","0.627","1302.08""1''","25.4","21.8","1.8","0.628","954.20""1 1''/4","31.8","28.2","1.8","0.629","750.75""1 1''/2","38.1","34.5","1.8","0.630","620.73""电焊钢管""电焊钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)242-68]""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)",0.5,0.6,0.8,"1.0","1.2","1.4","1.5","1.6","1.8","2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","3.8","4.0",4.2,4.5,4.8,"5.0",5.5,"钢 管 的 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""(5)","0.055","0.065","0.083","0.099""(6)","0.068","0.080","0.108","0.123""(7)","0.080","0.095","0.122","0.148""(8)","0.092","0.110","0.142","0.173","(0.202)""(9)","0.105","0.125","0.162","0.197","0.231""10","0.117","0.139","0.182","0.222","(0.261)""(11)","0.129","0.154","0.201","0.247","0.290""12","0.142","0.169","0.221","0.271","0.320","0.365","(0.388)","0.411""(13)",,"0.184","0.241","0.296","0.349","0.400","0.425","0.451""(14)",,"0.199","0.260","0.321","0.379","0.434","0.462","0.490""15",,"0.214","0.280","0.345","0.409","0.468","(0.499)","0.529""16",,"0.228","0.300","0.370","0.438","0.503","(0.536)","0.568""(17)",,"0.244","0.320","0.395","0.468","0.537","0.573","0.608""18",,"0.258","0.340","0.419","0.497","0..572","(0.610)","0.647","(0.717)","(0.789)""(19)",,"0.274","0.359","0.444","0.527","0

    批发就是指专门从事大宗商品 交易 的商业活动。零售的对称。是商品流通中不可缺少的一个环节。通常有两种情况：①商业企业将商品批量售给其他商业企业用作转卖。②商业企业将用作再加工的生产资料供应给生产企业。而铜合金批发指主要从事大量铜合金产品 交易 的商业活动.   铜合金（copper alloy ）以纯铜为基体加入一种或几种其他元素所构成的合金。纯铜呈紫红色﹐又称紫铜。纯铜密度为8.96﹐熔点为1083℃﹐具有优良的导电性﹑导热性﹑延展性和耐蚀性。主要用于制作发电机﹑母线﹑电缆﹑开关装置﹑变压器等电工器材和热交换器﹑管道﹑太阳能加热装置的平板集热器等导热器材。常用的铜合金分为黄铜﹑青铜﹑白铜3大类。  批发是随着商品经济的发展而产生的。商品生产和商品交换的发展，使商品购销量增大，流通范围扩展，生产者相互之间、生产者与零售商之间直接进行商品交换，常有困难或不方便，于是产生了专门向生产者直接购进商品，然后再转卖给其他生产者或零售商的批发商业，商业部门内部有了批发和零售之间的分工。批发业务一般由批发企业来经营，每次批售的商品数量较大，并按批发 价格 出售。商品的批发 价格 低于零售 价格 ，即存在着批零差价，其差额由零售企业所耗费的流通费用、税金和利润构成。商业批发是生产与零售之间的中间环节。通过商业批发活动，使社会产品从生产领域进入流通领域，起到组织和调动地区之间商品流通的作用。还可通过商品储存发挥“蓄水池”作用，平衡商品供求。   铜合金批发以铜及铜合金材料为主做的大批量商品流通,购销及交换.随着铜材 市场 的需求供大,越来越多的商家或企业会选择批发来经营或购买铜材. 

铅板轧机工艺技术研究开发工作始于１９６３年１０月，到１９６４年９月在东北轻合金加工厂生产出１０ｍｍ厚铸轧板，１９６５年生产出来的铸轧板宽为７００ｍｍ，１９８２年在华北铝加工厂研制成功φ６５０×１６００ｍｍ双辊式连续轧机。经过近４０年的努力，铝板带双辊连续铸轧工艺技术在我国得到迅速推广和普及，涿神公司、洛阳 有色金属 加工设计研究院等经过吸收消化国外先进技术，在开发设计和制造方面做了许多工作。１９９５年我国第一台φ９６０×１５５０ｍｍ大型双辊武连续铸轧机在华北铝业有限公司正式投入使用。目前，我国铝板带双辊连续铸轧机共有１２３条，板带总生产能力达到９０万吨／年，其中从国外引进的双辊式连续铸轧机１２台，总产能达到１４．２万吨／年，分别安装在华北铝业有限公司、抚顺铝厂、太原铝材厂、美铝上海铝箔有限公司、瑞闵铝业集团、洛阳铜加工厂等企业。铝板带双辊连续铸轧工艺技术的优势是：１、投资少，见效快，投资回收期短，对于中小型铝板带轧制厂是可行的。２． 金属 通过量大，可以用回收废料作原料，生产成本低廉，在 价格 上颇具竞争力。３．相当明显地减少从铝水－铸块－热轧板带或重轧的时间，省去了铸块、铣面、开坯等工序，提高了劳动生产率。４．降低了由于热轧所需的一系列工序的能耗。５．双辊连续铸轧工艺的生产线配置合理，结构紧凑，方便操作。随着我国铝加工工业的快速发展，国内许多工业如航空工业、电子工业、汽车工业、机械工业和包装工业、家用电器 行业 对铝板带箔产品的需求增加，特别是在我国加入ＷＴＯ，面对全球经济一体化的严峻形势，由于铝板带双辊连续铸轧工艺技术的局限性，采用双辊连续铸轧工艺技术生产的铝板带已经不能满足国内和国际 市场 多合金、多品种的需求，加上我国铝板带坯热轧毛料和双辊连续铸轧生产的铝板带毛料之间存在着比例失调，铝板带双辊连续铸轧工艺生产的毛料比例过大。 更多有关铅板轧机的内容请查阅上海 有色 网

4平方铜线 价格 各地 价格星花牌 朝阳昆仑电线/塑铜线BV-4平方 纯铜线 代理价 100码 北京  280.00星花牌 朝阳昆仑电线/塑铜线BV-4平方 纯铜线 代理价 100码 北京   265.00星花牌 朝阳昆仑电线/塑铜线BV--4平方 纯铜线 代理价 100码 北京   265.00塑铜线BV4平方 电线电缆 上海   143.50上海起帆电线 硬塑铜线BV 4平方 上海   220.00万安 电线 电缆 BV 4平方 2.25 单芯铜线 全国标长度浙江温州   200.00上海起帆电线塑铜线，BV4平方硬线 上海   235.00电线电缆民用BV4平方单根铜线 浙江温州   278.00铜线 电线 BV4平方 单芯硬线 一卷 价格之电线 浙江温州   163.00电线电缆 免检产品 国标BV4平方塑铜线 天津   161.00本周(09.13-09.17)1#光亮线不含税均价为53520元/吨，较上周下跌400元/吨。对铜线批发价形成了一定的打压态势，沪期铜受此影响接二连三出现早盘小幅高开跳水然后又在尾盘震荡拉升缩减跌幅的情况，由此看来逢低买盘的介入推动铜价“易涨难跌”。 现货市场 ，废铜 价格 本周承压小幅下滑，交投双方更趋谨慎，业内对于铜后市的看法不一。废铜货源供应方面依旧持续偏紧，铜价下挫时导致持货商出货意愿明显降低，多数持货待售等待 价格 回升，仅在资金周转偏紧时将货源低价出售给回收商快速回笼资金。而下游买盘对国内近期出台严厉调控措施的担忧加剧，在目前风险较高的情况下，多数厂家持观望态度以等待方向的明朗化。总体而言，本周废铜 市场 交投情况较上周没有明显变化， 市场 比较关注中秋节及国庆小长假的备料情况。 

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在20-40吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。　　　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。　　　　简单来说，冷轧，是在热轧板卷的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧---酸洗---冷轧这样的加工过程。　　　　冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由于热轧经过连续冷变型而成的冷轧，在机械性能比较差，硬度太高。必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。　　　　冷轧一般都会经过退火处理。

冷轧薄钢板，简称冷轧钢板、冷轧薄板、冷轧板、冷板等。它还包括不锈钢板、弹簧钢板、硬钢片、镀锌板、镀锡板、镀铝板等。冷轧薄钢带，简称冷轧钢带、冷轧带钢、钢带、带钢、薄钢带、冷轧卷等。还包括不锈钢带、镀锌钢带、镀锡钢带等。 冷轧钢板标准 冷轧薄钢板、钢带（以下简称冷轧薄板）主要用于零件的冲压加工，而冷轧薄板的力学性能十分重要，它直接关系到板材的冲压性能。冷轧薄板是以不同的热处理状态分级的，不同硬度的材料，用于不同的加工方法，国家标准GB/T 13237-1991《优质碳素结构钢冷轧薄钢板和钢带》将冷轧薄板大致分为三级，P级用于普通冲压，S级用于深度冲压，Z级用于最深度冲压。中国冶金标准YB/T 5059-1993《低碳钢冷轧钢带》将薄钢板按硬度分为五级，即：TR（特级）、R（软）、BR（半软）、DY（低硬）和Y（冷硬）。其实通过一定的冷轧变形程度和冷轧后热处理的恰当配合，可以在广泛的范围内满足用户关于材料力学性能方面的要求。冷轧薄板根据用户加工上的要求可以分成更多的级别。例如：日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》的分类除分为一般用（spcc）、冲压用(spcd)和深冲压用（spce）三类外，还细分为退火、标准调质、1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬、全硬等级别。 在冷轧薄板力学性能的检测方面，一些标准只规定了拉伸试验，另一些标准除拉伸试验外还规定了硬度试验。 中国标准GB/T 13237-1991就只规定了拉伸试验，技术要求冷轧钢板标准如表一所示：牌号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率不小于拉延级别Z－S和PZSP08F275～365275～38034323008,08Al,10F275～390275～41032302810295～410295～43030392815F315～430315～45029282715335～450335～47027262520355～490335～50026252425——390～540——242330——440～590——222135——490～635——201940——510～650————1845——530～680————1650——540～715————14 日本标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》（该标准中包含了冷轧薄钢板和钢带）规定了拉伸试验，也规定了硬度试验，该标准的力学性能要求如下：表二：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的拉伸试验质牌号抗拉强度/MPa 不小于 伸长率/%不小于试样按以下公称厚度/mm>=0.250.250.400.601.01.6>=2.5SPCC SPCD SPCE(270) 270 270(32) 34 36(34) 36 3836 38 40　 37 39 41 　　 (38) 40 42 　39 41 435号试样轧制方向 表三：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的硬度值。调质区分符号 硬度最大HRBHV退火A57105标准调质S65115 注：厚度小于0.6mm的钢板和钢带，原则上不进行拉伸试验。 表四：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬材料的拉伸试验值。调质区分 符号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率/%最小试样1/8硬8294～410255号试样轧制方向1/4硬4370～490101/2硬2440～590——硬1>=550——     表五：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬状态的硬度值。调质区分符号HRBHV1/8硬 1/4硬8450～7165～8095～130 115～1501/2硬 硬2174～89 ≥85135～185 ≥170注：HRB和HV，仅选用其中之一。英国标准BS 1449/1.9-1991《厚板、薄板和钢带第一部分：碳素钢和碳锰钢厚板、薄板和钢带具有成形性能的冷轧窄钢带技术条件》对冷轧板分级为CS1（铝镇静稳定化超深冲）、CS2（超深冲）、CS3（深冲）、CS4（折边）、CS15（商品级）。这项标准的力学性能要求如表六所示： 表六：钢材交货时的力学性能轧制状态和级别退火（A）或平整冷轧（SP）状态硬度HV1)2)最大屈服强度Re1)/MPa最小抗拉强度Rm1)/MPa最小伸长率A1)/%最小弯心直径1)（180°弯曲）原始标距LO50mm80mmCS1A9514027038（36）0aSP10514027036（34）0aCS2A9514027036（34）0a SP10014027036（34）0aCS3A100（140）（280）（34）（32）0aSP110（140）（280）（34）（32）0aCS4A105（140）（280）——0aSP115（140）（280）——0a 注：1）窄钢带交货应符合，或者硬度和弯曲试验，或者拉伸和弯曲试验，但硬度和拉伸试验不应同时进行。     2）对于SP（平整冷轧）状态，与镀层精整（PL）或镜面光洁度（MF），或以“无拉伸痕”交货的钢材组合，最大硬度可以提高5个HV或抗拉强度可以提高20MPa。     3）牌号CS2、CS3和CS4的硬度值仅适用于沸腾钢。 如上所述冷轧薄板的力学性能可以通过拉伸试验来检测，也可以通过硬度试验来检测。由于硬度试验设备简单、易于掌握，试验效率高，并且金属硬度与强度之间有一定的对应关系，所以硬度检测是确定材料力学性能的更方便的方法。冷轧薄板的硬度检测可以用于冷轧板生产过程的质量控制，更适于生产冲压产品的厂家对原材料进行力学性能的复检。 日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996规定的硬度试验是洛氏硬度HRB和维氏硬度HV。维氏硬度试验可用于冷轧薄板，但洛氏硬度HRB却不适用于测试薄板材料。因为当板材厚度小于2mm时，测试HRB硬度可能会因为发生“测砧效应”而使测量的硬度值失准。对于薄板材料，可以测试表面洛氏硬度HRN或HRT，然后换算成HRB或HV硬度。冷轧钢板标准生产了一种便携式表面洛氏硬度计，它非常适合测试薄板和钢带材料，它可以在生产现场、销售现场或材料仓库快速进行冷轧薄板材料的洛氏硬度检测，完成一次测量仅需要10秒钟时间，检测的板材厚度范围为0.05-50mm。这种仪器可以用在冷轧薄板带的生产线上，对产品的热处理效果进行在线的质量控制。这种仪器更适用于冲压产品的生产厂家。可以用它对购入的板材硬度进行复检，可以携带它去钢材市场选购材料，也可以利用它对自己厂生产的冲压产品进行硬度检测。 这种仪器如果配上一个支承座，还可以放到办公桌上使用。可以对成批的成品或半成品工件做逐件检测。它的测试精度与台式洛氏硬度计相同。 目前冷轧薄带材料正在向超薄方向发展，据报道，上海宝钢已扎制出厚度为0.08mm的冷轧薄板带材。采用本所生产的PHR-1S型表面洛氏硬度计，配一个金刚点砧座，就可测试薄至0.05mm冷轧薄板带材料的硬度。 这种应用完全可以取代维氏硬度计，使冷轧薄板材料的力学性能检测实现快速、简便、经济。

冷轧镀锌板，是一种镀锌钢板。钢板按轧制分为热轧和冷轧两种。冷轧板是平板状的，矩形的，可直接轧制而成的。冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧和热轧的区别： 1、冷轧成型钢允许截面出现局部屈曲，从而可以充分利用杆件屈曲后的承载力；而热轧型钢不允许截面发生局部屈曲。2、热轧型钢和冷轧型钢残余应力产生的原因不同，所以截面上的分布也有很大差异。冷弯薄壁型钢截面上的残余应力分布是弯曲型的，而热扎型钢或焊接型钢截面上残余应力分布是薄膜型。3、热轧型钢的自由扭转刚度比冷轧型钢高，所以热轧型钢的抗扭性能要优于冷轧型钢。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。冷轧镀锌板用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及 产业 设备、各种建筑材料。

国外70%左右铝箔是用铸锭热轧坯料生产,而2005年我国铝箔约有82%是用双辊式连续铸轧带坯轧制的,如云南新美铝铝箔有限公司自主开发的铸轧坯料生产0.005mm铝箔技术,在国内首次应用铸轧坯料批量生产出电容器用0.005mm规格铝箔。最近,华北铝业公司采用铸轧工艺生产超宽幅铝箔坯料获得成功,成为国内首家采用铸轧坯料生产1700mm以上规格超宽幅双零铝箔坯料的企业。从我国铝板坯铸轧生产线分布情况看,以铝箔生产为主的企业,坯料生产大多采用铸轧卷,而综合性的铝板带生产企业,坯料大多采用热轧卷。 　　在铸轧生产工艺中,连铸连轧生产线是一种先进的带坯生产工艺,在节约能源与资源、投资成本、生产成本方面优于铸锭热轧法,在产品品质方面接近铸锭热轧法且优于双辊式连续铸轧法。其中哈兹莱特连铸连轧工艺是目前世界上成熟的并商业化生产的连铸连轧法。 　　截至2006年底,全世界约有590条双辊式铸轧生产线,而我国占有约近300条,铸轧产能约为2500kt/a。其中,从国外引进的有14台,产能为152kt/a,是全球拥有铝带坯铸轧机最多的国家,但单台的平均生产能力约比工业发达国家的低35%。预计到2010年,中国可拥有350台以上的连续铸轧机,板带坯生产能力将达到3700kt/a左右。至2006年底,中国已建成的热轧项目有183个,总的铸锭热轧产能约为2800kt/a。 　　铝铸轧机未来市场的发展 　　1.高速铸轧机的新技术、新工艺继续得到开发和应用 　　目前在高速薄带坯铸轧生产线中使用的新技术有:金属液面高度自动控制系统;新的熔体供流系统;改进铸轧辊设计和辊套材料;改进喷淋技术等。 　　我国将进一步研究开发铝合金板带快速铸轧技术,即将铸轧机运行速度提高50%以上,厚度保持在6mm左右,可提高生产率30%～50%,从而在各种中低档铝合金板带材制造方面会具有更加突出的成本优势。我国从20世纪90年代开始研究电磁铸轧技术,也将会随着研究的深入而使铸轧产品得到进一步的推广。 　　2.我国铝铸轧机的未来市场发展 　　更新改造现有的双辊连续铸轧机,提高现有连续铸轧机的装机水平 　　有必要对国内部分的双辊连续铸轧机进行更新和改造,通过数学模型模拟试验和数据处理获得工艺参数最佳化值,把人工智能计算机控制、视频技术、仪表监控、液压技术都应用到铝板带双辊连续铸轧工艺技术中来,实现整个生产过程的自动化和最佳化运行,提高我国整体双辊连续铸轧工艺技术水平。 　　加大铝板带双辊连续铸轧工艺技术的研究开发力度 　　国外一直在研究开发利用双辊连续铸轧工艺技术生产铝合金板带,特别是铝缸、缸盖和拉环毛料。在这方面,我国还有许多工作要做,例如,双辊连续铸轧工艺技术的理论研究、铸轧铝板带的金相组织和表面质量的研究、双辊连续铸轧机的设备及耐火材料的研究和改进等。 　　进一步开发薄带坯快速铸轧技术 　　采用薄带坯高速铸轧工艺生产PS版基铝板带材的毛料。由于薄带坯高速铸轧比常规铸轧具有更大冷却强度,可以得到更细小的晶粒尺寸及枝晶间距,提高合金元素在固溶体中的过饱和度,可以充分抑制常规铸轧带坯表面经常出现的由于重熔而产生的粗大化合物组织和表面偏析等缺陷,从而能提高表面和内部质量。 　　继续立足于研究铝合金电磁铸轧技术 　　电磁铸轧技术的研究立足于发扬常规铸轧节能、投资少的突出优势。用电磁铸轧技术和装备可生产多种合金品种,铸轧带坯质量明显改善,组织性能优于常规铸轧板,特别是深加工性能获得突破性进展,为高性能铝板带材提供性价比高的铝带坯,拓宽了铸轧板的应用范围。 　　发展超薄、超宽、快速连铸连轧机列 　　铝连铸连轧存在的普遍问题是速度和厚度问题。厚度一般都限定在6mm～10mm,速度在1m/min～1.5m/min之间。这样,势必增加后续工序的轧制道次,同时为提高产量就必须增加机组数量。φ1050×1600mm超薄快速铸轧机的研制成功,证明在解决热交换问题的前提下,铸轧厚度可以降至3.5mm～2mm,速度可以提高到3m/min～8m/min,甚至更高,这样铸轧机的生产效率可以成倍递增。 　　引入哈兹莱特连铸连轧技术与工艺 　　哈兹莱特连铸连轧工艺是一项成熟的优秀工艺,值得在中国推广应用。其技术和工艺优势能满足中国铝板带市场的巨大需要量,能满足中国包装业、运输业、建筑业的发展所需要的价廉物美的铝合金板。

据介绍,在世界铝板、带、箔总产量中,用铸锭热轧坯料的冷轧板还不到20%,而80%以上的板、带、箔都用成本较低的双辊式连续铸轧板带坯或哈兹莱特连铸连轧板带坯进行冷轧生产。 　　目前铝铸轧机与热轧机的应用情况 　　国外70%左右铝箔是用铸锭热轧坯料生产,而2005年我国铝箔约有82%是用双辊式连续铸轧带坯轧制的,如云南新美铝铝箔有限公司自主开发的铸轧坯料生产0.005mm铝箔技术,在国内首次应用铸轧坯料批量生产出电容器用0.005mm规格铝箔。较近,华北铝业公司采用铸轧工艺生产超宽幅铝箔坯料获得成功,成为国内采用铸轧坯料生产1700mm以上规格超宽幅双零铝箔坯料的企业。从我国铝板坯铸轧生产线分布情况看,以铝箔生产为主的企业,坯料生产大多采用铸轧卷,而综合性的铝板带生产企业,坯料大多采用热轧卷。 　　在铸轧生产工艺中,连铸连轧生产线是一种先进的带坯生产工艺,在节约能源与资源、投资成本、生产成本方面优于铸锭热轧法,在产品品质方面接近铸锭热轧法且优于双辊式连续铸轧法。其中哈兹莱特连铸连轧工艺是目前世界上成熟的并商业化生产的连铸连轧法。 　　普通铸轧板坯与热轧板坯性能比较参见表1,表2对双辊铸轧和1+X热轧进行了综合性比较。 　　截至2006年底,全世界约有590条双辊式铸轧生产线,而我国占有约近300条,铸轧产能约为2500kt/a。其中,从国外引进的有14台,产能为152kt/a,是全球拥有铝带坯铸轧机较多的国家,但单台的平均生产能力约比工业发达国家的低35%。预计到2010年,中国可拥有350台以上的连续铸轧机,板带坯生产能力将达到3700kt/a左右。至2006年底,中国已建成的热轧项目有183个,总的铸锭热轧产能约为2800kt/a。铝铸轧机未来市场的发展 　　1.高速铸轧机的新技术、新工艺继续得到开发和应用 　　目前在高速薄带坯铸轧生产线中使用的新技术有:金属液面高度自动控制系统;新的熔体供流系统;改进铸轧辊设计和辊套材料;改进喷淋技术等。 　　我国将进一步研究开发铝合金板带快速铸轧技术,即将铸轧机运行速度提高50%以上,厚度保持在6mm左右,可提高生产率30%~50%,从而在各种中低档铝合金板带材制造方面会具有更加突出的成本优势。我国从20世纪90年代开始研究电磁铸轧技术,也将会随着研究的深入而使铸轧产品得到进一步的推广。 　　2.我国铝铸轧机的未来市场发展 　　更新改造现有的双辊连续铸轧机,提高现有连续铸轧机的装机水平 　　有必要对国内部分的双辊连续铸轧机进行更新和改造,通过数学模型模拟试验和数据处理获得工艺参数较佳化值,把人工智能计算机控制、视频技术、仪表监控、液压技术都应用到铝板带双辊连续铸轧工艺技术中来,实现整个生产过程的自动化和较佳化运行,提高我国整体双辊连续铸轧工艺技术水平。 　　加大铝板带双辊连续铸轧工艺技术的研究开发力度 　　国外一直在研究开发利用双辊连续铸轧工艺技术生产铝合金板带,特别是铝缸、缸盖和拉环毛料。在这方面,我国还有许多工作要做,例如,双辊连续铸轧工艺技术的理论研究、铸轧铝板带的金相组织和表面质量的研究、双辊连续铸轧机的设备及耐火材料的研究和改进等。 　　进一步开发薄带坯快速铸轧技术 　　采用薄带坯高速铸轧工艺生产PS版基铝板带材的毛料。由于薄带坯高速铸轧比常规铸轧具有更大冷却强度,可以得到更细小的晶粒尺寸及枝晶间距,提高合金元素在固溶体中的过饱和度,可以充分抑制常规铸轧带坯表面经常出现的由于重熔而产生的粗大化合物组织和表面偏析等缺陷,从而能提高表面和内部质量。 　　继续立足于研究铝合金电磁铸轧技术 　　电磁铸轧技术的研究立足于发扬常规铸轧节能、投资少的突出优势。用电磁铸轧技术和装备可生产多种合金品种,铸轧带坯质量明显改善,组织性能优于常规铸轧板,特别是深加工性能获得突破性进展,为高性能铝板带材提供性价比高的铝带坯,拓宽了铸轧板的应用范围。 　　发展超薄、超宽、快速连铸连轧机列 　　铝连铸连轧存在的普遍问题是速度和厚度问题。厚度一般都限定在6mm~10mm,速度在1m/min~1.5m/min之间。这样,势必增加后续工序的轧制道次,同时为提高产量就必须增加机组数量。Φ1050×1600mm超薄快速铸轧机的研制成功,证明在解决热交换问题的前提下,铸轧厚度可以降至3.5mm~2mm,速度可以提高到3m/min~8m/min,甚至更高,这样铸轧机的生产效率可以成倍递增。 　　引入哈兹莱特连铸连轧技术与工艺 　　哈兹莱特连铸连轧工艺是一项成熟的工艺,值得在中国推广应用。其技术和工艺优势能满足中国铝板带市场的巨大需要量,能满足中国包装业、运输业、建筑业的发展所需要的价廉物美的铝合金板。

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板。冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，冷轧钢板的密度不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。冷轧钢板的密度：热轧钢板含碳量可比冷轧钢板略高些。在成份相持不大的情况下密度是一样的。但如果成份相差悬殊，如不锈钢不论冷轧、热轧密度都在7.9g/cm3左右。具体还要看成份，热轧只是延展性更好，钢材同样受到压力作用

冷轧板卷是以热轧卷为原料，在室温下在再结晶温度以下进行轧制而成，包括板和卷，国内众多钢厂如宝钢、武钢、鞍钢等均可以生产。其中成张交货的称为钢板，也称盒板或平板；长度很长、成卷交货的称为钢带，也称卷板。 生产过程中由于不进行加热，所以不存在热轧常出现的麻点和氧化铁皮等缺陷，表面质量好、光洁度高。而且冷轧产品的尺寸精度高，产品的性能和组织能满足一些特殊的使用要求，如电磁性能、深冲性能等。  　　规格：厚度为0.2-4mm，宽度为600-2 000mm，钢板长度为1 200-6 000mm。  　　牌号：Q195A-Q235A、Q195AF-Q235AF、Q295A(B)-Q345 A(B)；SPCC、SPCD、SPCE、ST12-15;DC01-06  　　性能：主要采用低碳钢牌号，要求具有良好的冷弯和焊接性能，以及一定的冲压性能。 钢号规格（厚*宽*长）冷轧板规格板0.4*1000*C0.5*1250*C0.35*1000*C 1.0*1000*C0.7*1020*C0.3*1000*C 0.4*1000*C1.5*1000*C2.5*1000*C 2.5*1000*C2.0*1250*C1.5*1250*C 1.0*1250*C1.0*1000*C1.0*1000*2000 1.2*1000*20001.5*1000*20000.5*1000*C 2.0*1000*20003.0*1000*20001.0*1250*2000 1.0*1250*25001.2*1250*20001.2*1250*2500 1.5*1250*20001.5*1250*20002.0*1250*2000 2.0*1250*25002.5*1250*20002.5*1250*2500 3.0*1250*20003.0*1250*25001.0*1250*2500 0.35*1000*20000.4*1000*20000.45*1000*2000 0.5*1000*20000.6*1000*20000.7*1000*2000 0.8*1000*20002.0*1000*20001.2*1000*2000 1.5*1000*20001.0*1250*2000

（二）电工用冷轧硅钢薄板（GB2521-88）  　　用含硅0.8％-4.8％的电工硅钢为材质，经冷轧而成。  　　冷轧硅钢片分晶粒无取向和晶粒取向两种钢带。冷轧电工钢带具有表面平整、厚度均匀、叠装系数高、冲片性好等特点，且比热轧电工钢带磁感高、铁损低。用冷带代替热轧带制造电机或变压器，其重量和体积可减少0％-25％。若用冷轧取向带，性能更佳，用它代替热轧带或低档次冷轧带，可减少变压器电能消耗量45％-50％，且变压器工作性能更可靠。  　　用于制造电机和变压器。通常，晶粒无取向冷轧带用作电机或焊接变压器等的状态；晶粒取向冷轧带用作电源变压器、脉冲变压器和磁放大器等的铁芯。  　　钢板规格尺寸：厚度为0.35、0.50、0.65mm，宽度为800-1000mm，长度为≤2.0m。

冷轧板带用途很广，如汽车制造、电气产品、机车车辆、航空、精密仪表、食品罐头等。 　　冷轧薄钢板是普通碳素结构钢冷轧板的简称，也称冷轧板，俗称冷板，有时会被误写成冷扎板。冷板是由普通碳素结构钢热轧钢带，经过进一步冷轧制成厚度小于4mm的钢板。由于在常温下轧制，不产生氧化铁皮，因此，冷板表面质量好，尺寸精度高，再加之退火处理，其机械性能和工艺性能都优于热轧薄钢板，在许多领域里，特别是家电制造领域，已逐渐用它取代热轧薄钢板。 　　适用牌号：Q195、Q215、Q235、Q275；SPCC（日本牌号）；ST12（德国牌号） 　　符号：冷轧板的用途 　　1、Q—普通碳素结构钢屈服点（极限）的代号，它是“屈”的第一个汉语拼音字母的大小写；195、215、235、255、275—分别表示它们屈服点（极限）的数值，单位：兆帕MPa（N/mm2）；由于Q235钢的强度、塑性、韧性和焊接性等综合机械性能在普通碳素结构钢中属最了，能较好地满足一般的使用要求，所以应用范围十分广泛。 　　2、S-钢（Steel）、P-板（Plate）、C-冷轧（cold）、第四位C-普通级（common）。 　　3、ST-钢（Steel）、12-普通级冷轧薄钢板、　 　　标记：尺寸精度—尺寸—钢板品种标准 　　冷轧钢板：钢号—技术条件标准 　　标记示例：B-0.57501500-GB708-88；钢板、标准号Q/BQB402，牌号SPCC，热处理状态退火+平整（S），表央加工状态为麻面D，表面质量为FB级的切边（切边EC，不切边EM）钢板、厚度0.5mm，B级精度，宽度1000mm，A级精度，长度2000mm，A级精度，不平度精度为PF.A，则标记为：钢板ECQ/BQB 402-SPCC-SD-FB/（0.51000A2000A-PF.A）； 　　冷轧钢板：Q225-GB912-89 　　主要产地有：宝钢、鞍钢、本钢、武钢、邯钢、包钢、唐钢、涟钢、济钢等 　　冷轧普通薄钢板 ：由普通碳素结构钢或低合金结构钢冷轧制成。冷轧板表面质量较好。具有良好的冲压性能。对其要求要保证冷弯和杯试验合格，常用于汽车等行业和镀层板的原料。 　　冷轧优质薄钢板：主要包括各种优质钢冷轧薄板，最常用的是碳素结构钢板，尤其是深冲压用冷轧薄钢板，是由低碳优质钢08Al冷轧的薄板，钢板按表面质量分为三组；Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ，分别表示特别高级、高级、较高的精整表面,按拉延级别分为ZF、HF、F级（代表用于冲制拉延最复杂、很复杂、复杂的零件）,根据钢板厚度允许偏差，又分为A、B两级精度、广泛用于汽车拖拉机工业。 　　冷轧钢板，表面光洁，加工优良，用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及产业设备、各种建筑材料。随着经济发展，冷轧钢板已被称为现代社会的必须材料。 冷轧产品的分类： 热轧酸洗、轧硬卷、普通冷轧、镀锌（电镀锌、耐指纹、热镀锌）、镀铝锌、电镀锡、彩涂、电工钢（矽钢片）等。 　　1、热轧酸洗：　　2、轧 硬 卷：在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。

厦顺铝箔有限公司新建设的3台2000mm铝箔轧机已于2006年11月安装完毕,目前,正在进行紧张的调试工作,按计划可于近日调试完毕,进入试生产阶段。届时该公司拥有9台箔轧机,其中2000mm的6台,是世界上拥有这类轧机较多的企业,也是装机水平较高的,是亚洲较大的铝箔厂,也是世界上较大的铝箔厂之一。预计到2008年,该公司双零箔年生产能力可达8万吨,成为全球第二大双零铝箔生产企业,仅次于德国格雷文布洛伊轧制厂。2006年,厦顺铝箔有限公司双零箔产量超过4.8万吨,其中约有50%出口。该公司双零箔产量不但是中国较大的,也是亚洲较大的企业。目前,该公司双零六铝箔产量与出口量均居世界第二位,仅次于格雷文布洛伊轧制厂。

冷 轧 产 品 品 名        材 质碳 结 板    SPCC、St12、DC01、Q235AB优结钢板   20-45#、08-15#优质碳素钢    08AL低碳深冲板    SC1、SPCE、ST14、DC04 超深冲板  SC2、St15、DC05、SC3、St16、DC06、St17耐腐蚀钢   05CuPCrNi、09CuPCrNi、Q345GNHL 低碳冲压钢   SPCD、ST13、DC03深 冲 板   SPCEN参照： （一）冲压用冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 1、一般冲压用钢：BLC B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；L——低碳（Low Carbon）；C——一般用（Commercial） 2、抗时效性低屈服钢：BLD B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；L——低碳（Low Carbon）；D——冲压用（Drawing） 3、非时效性极深冲用钢：BUFD（BUSD） B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；U——超级（Ultra）；F——成型（Formability）； D——冲压（Drawing） 4、非时效性超深冲用钢：BSUFD B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；SU——超高级（Ultra+Super）；F——成型（Formability）； D——冲压（Drawing） （二）冷成型用高强度冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 B ××× × × B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；×××——最小屈服点值； ×——一般用V、X、Y、Z表示 V：高强度低合金，屈服点与抗拉强度差值无规定 X：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别70MPa Y：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别100MPa Z：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别140MPa ×——氧化物/硫化物夹杂控制（K：镇静、细晶粒；F：K+硫化物控制；O：K、F外） 例：B240ZK、B340VK （三）抗凹陷性冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 B ××× × × B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写 ×××——最小屈服点值 ×——强化方式（P：强化；H：烘烤硬化） ×——由1或2表示（1：超低碳；2：低碳） 築210P1：深冲压用高强度钢；B250P2：一般加工用含磷高强度钢；B180H1：深冲用烘烤硬化钢

28日国内不锈钢冷轧上涨幅度在500元左右。据信息研究中心商场监测显现，北京区域，冷卷304/2B的0.5-3.0mm报价在3.20-3.33万元左右(吨价，下同)；热板304/No.1太钢6mm-20mm价位在2.78-3.75万元之间；321圆钢报价在4.70-5.10万元，2Cr13、3Cr13报价在0.94万元左右。佛山区域，冷卷304/2B 0.4-3.0mm张浦报价在3.18-3.33万元左右；无锡区域，冷卷304/2B报价张浦0.4-3.0mm报价在3.32-3.43万元，太钢0.5-3.0mm报价在3.25-3.48万元左右。现商场上仍无会集到货，资源继续严重，报价调高后成交状况欠安。商场304冷轧卷报价较9月出厂报价已高出500元左右，在消费旺季降临、商场库存量不大等有利要素的状况下，部分供应商对后市达观。.

铝带箔轧机在出产进程中选用轧制油（基础油为火油）作为冷却和润滑剂，轧制油在循环进程中会遭到重油（如液压油）的污染，跟着重油含量的添加，将会使产品表面在退火时构成黄斑，现在国内尚无较好的处理计划，只能对整个油箱的油进行替换。本项目设备就是针对去除轧制油中重油而规划开发的工艺技能与环境保护配备。 　　　　本设备的技能原理是使用轧制油中各组分物化特性的不同，经过选用真空精馏的办法别离轧制油与重油；选用背压和流量调理相结合的操控手法处理物料运送精度问题；选用细管制、多管程、大进口的计划处理气相轧制油冷凝问题；选用多级多点连锁报警保护方法保证设备安全；选用壳装规划便于设备和保护。 　　　　本设备具有运转方法灵敏、运转成本低、规划紧凑、自动化程度高和安防办法完善等特色；再生后的轧制油质量（初馏点≥205℃、终馏点≤280℃、重油含量≤0.1%）满意轧机用油标准。首台设备2005年4月应用于美国铝业(上海)有限公司，再生轧制油理化功能彻底满意轧机用油标准，且各项功能指标到达世界先进水平。 　　　　本设备可广泛用于铝带箔加工厂，是出产高质量、高附加值产品的有用质量操控手法，不只提高了产质量量，减少了新油的使用量，一起变废为宝，提高了厂商的环境保护、清洁出产与循环经济水平。设备现在在国内尚无先例，仅有欧洲极少数轧机出产厂具有规划制作才能，属填补国内空白项目。

一种超薄铝箔的短流程生产工艺，其特征在于：它是按照下述工艺步骤进行的：　　　　靠前步、熔炼：用大容量蓄热式熔炼炉将原铝化成铝液，通过流槽进入铸轧机，在铝液流动过程中，细化剂Al-Ti-B在线添加，形成连续均匀的细化效果；石墨转子在730-735℃下在线除气、除渣，形成连续均匀的清除效果；　　　　第二步、粗轧：将靠前步熔炼后的铝液引入铸轧机铸轧成坯料；在此过程中，将辊体内腔的冷却水进水温度控制在20-23℃、出水温度控制在28-32℃，辊缝间铝熔体静压力控制在0.004-0.005Mpa，保证材料的结晶方向{100}面率＞95％、晶粒尺寸≤5μm，轧制出6.5-7.5mm的板坯；　　　　第三步、中间轧制：将上述板坯用冷轧机组进行再次轧制，至厚度4.5mm时，将其送入退火炉内，加热至360℃、保温2小时后，继续加热至580℃、保温18小时，进行均匀化退火，使晶粒尺寸均匀，方向性一致；然后继续在冷轧机内冷轧至0.60mm，再次将其送入退火炉内，加热至460℃、保温5小时后，降温至400℃、保温7小时，进行中间退火；然后继续轧制成厚度为0.3mm作为铝箔毛料；　　　　第四步、箔轧：用四辊不可逆箔轧机组将上述0.3mm的铝箔毛料轧制成铝箔成品。所述超薄铝箔的生产工艺流程短、运行成本低，生产投资规模小，而生产出的超薄铝箔质量可达到国际较先进水平，热轧法生产工艺相比，在生产坯料上降低投资成本三分之二，运行成本降低一半以上。

1．贯穿气孔 熔铸品质不好。　　2．表面气泡  铸锭含氢量高组织疏松；铸锭表面凸凹不平的地方有脏东面，装炉前没有擦净；蚀洗后，铸块与包铝板表面有蚀洗残留痕迹；加热时间过长或温度过高，铸块表面氧化；第一道焊合轧制时，乳液咀没有闭严，乳液流到包铝板下面。　　3．铸块开裂  热轧时压下量过大，从铸锭端头开裂；铸块加热温度过高或过低。　　4．力学性能不合格  没有正确执行热处理制度或热处理设备不正常，空气循环不好；淬火时装料量大，盐浴槽温度不够时装炉，保温时间不足，没有达到规定温度即出炉；试验室采用的热处理制度或试验方法不正确；试样规格形状不正确，试样表面被破坏。　　5．铸锭夹渣  熔铸品质不好，板片内夹有金属或非金属残渣。　　6．撕裂  润滑油成分不合格或乳液太浓，板片与轧辊间产生滑动，金属变形不均匀；没有控制好轧制率，压下量过大；轧制速度过大；卷筒张力调整得不正确，张力不稳定；退火品质不好；金属塑性不够；辊型控制不正确，使金属内应力过大；热轧卷筒裂边；轧制时润滑不好，板带与轧辊摩擦过大；送卷不正，带板一边产生拉应力，一边产生压应力，使边沿产生小裂口，经多次轧制后，从裂口处继续扩大，以至撕裂；精整时拉伸机钳口夹持不正或不均，或板片有裂边，拉伸时就会造成撕裂；淬火时，兜链兜得不好或过紧，使板片压裂，拉伸矫直时造成撕裂。　　7．过薄  压下量调整不正确；测厚仪出现故障或使用不当；辊型控制不正确。　　8．压折（折叠）  辊型不正确，如压光机轴承发热，使轧辊两端胀大，结果压出的板片中间厚两边薄；压光前板片波浪太大，使压光量过大，从而产生压折；薄板压光时送入不正容易产生压折；板片两边厚差大，易产生压折。　　9．非金属压入  热轧机的轧辊、辊道、剪刀机等不清洁，加工过程中脏物掉在板车带上，经轧制而形成；冷轧机的轧辊、导辊、三辊矫直机、卷取机等接触带板的部分不清洁，将脏物压入；轧制油喷咀堵塞或压力低，带板表面上粘附的非金属脏物冲洗不掉；乳液更换不及时，铝粉冲洗不净及乳液槽未洗刷干净。　　10．过烧  热处理设备的高温仪表不准确；电炉各区温度不均；没有正确执行热处理制度，金属加热温度达到或超过金属过烧温度；装料时放得不正，靠近加热器的地方可能产生局部过烧。　　11．金属压入  加热过程中金属屑落到板带上经轧制后形成；热轧时辊边道次少，裂边的金属掉在带板上；圆盘剪切边品质不好，带板边缘有毛刺，压缩空气没有吹净带板表面的金属屑；轧辊粘铝后，将粘铝块压在带板上；导尺夹得过紧，刮下来的碎屑掉在板上。　　12．波浪  辊型调整得不正确，原始辊型不适合；板形控制系统出现故障或使用不当；冷轧毛料原始板形差或断面中凸度过大；压下率、张力、速度等工艺参数选择不当；各种类型的矫直机调整得不好，矫直辊辊缝间隙不一致，使板片薄的一边产生波浪；对拉伸矫直和拉弯矫直机，伸长率选择不当。　　13．腐蚀  板片经淬火、洗涤、干燥后，表面残留有酸、碱或硝盐痕迹时，经过一段时间后板片就会受到腐蚀；板带保管不当，有水滴掉在板面上；加工过程中，接触产品的辅助材料，如火油、轧制油、乳液、包装油等含有水分或呈碱性，都可能引起腐蚀；包装时卷材温度过高，或包装不好，运输过程中受损坏。　　14．划伤  热轧机辊道，导板粘铝，使热压板带划伤；冷轧机导板、夹送辊等有突出尖角或粘铝；精整机列加工中被导路划伤；成品包装时，抬片抬放不当。　　15．元素扩散   退火及淬火时，没有正确执行热处理制度，不合理地延长加热时间或提高保温温度；退火、淬火次数过多；热轧尾部或预先剪切机列没有按工艺规程要求切头切尾，使板片包铝层不合格而造成；错用了包铝板，使用铝板太薄。　　16．过厚  原因同7“过薄”。　　17．擦伤  吊运卷筒时不小心，易造成卷筒擦伤；送板带不正，轧制时将送歪的带板拉正，使带板与轧辊间产生相对磨擦；卷卷时张力采用不正确，卷取时张力小，开卷时张力大，轧辊把卷筒拉紧使板间产生错动；润滑油含沙锭油太多，轧制后卷筒上残留油不一样，开卷时圈与圈之间产生很微小的滑动造成擦伤。　　18．过窄  剪切时圆盘剪间距调整过窄；热粗轧宽展余量不足；热精轧圆盘剪调节时，没有很好地考虑冷收缩量与剪切时的剪切余量。　　19．过短  剪切时定尺不当或设备出现故障。　　20．镰刀形  热轧机轧辊两端辊缝值不同；导尺送带板不正，带板两边延伸不同；热轧机轧辊预热不好，辊形不正确；乳液喷射不均或喷咀有堵塞；压光机轧制时板片未对中。　　21．裂边   铸锭加热温度过低，热压时产生的裂边没有全部切掉，冷轧后裂边扩大；热轧辊边量过小，可能产生裂边；压下率过大或过小；铸锭浇口部分未切掉，热轧时就会裂边；切边时两边切得不均，一边切得太少，可能产生裂边；退火品质不好，金属塑性不够；包铝板放得不正，使一面侧边包铝不完全。　　22．裂纹  铸锭本身裂纹或加热温度过高或过低；轧制率不适当引起压缩。　　23． 收缩孔  铸块品质不好。　　24．白斑点  冷轧用的乳液不清洁，或新换乳液搅拌不均。　　25乳液痕  轧制时乳液没有吹净，使乳液卷入筒里；热精轧温度太低，乳液浓度太高；风管里有水，随空气吹到带板上。　　26．包铝层错动  包铝板放得不正，热粗轧时金属包铝板和铸锭间发生错动；热粗轧轧制时铸块送得不正；焊合轧制时压下量太小，没有焊合上；对侧面包铝铸块辊边量太大；精整剪切及热精轧切边量不均，一边切得太少。　　27．  凹陷（碰伤）  板片或卷筒在搬运或停放进程中被碰撞；冷轧或退火时卡子打得不好，以及退火料不干净，有金属物或突出物；冷轧时卷入硬的金属渣或其它硬东西。　　28．松树枝状  冷轧时压下量太大，金属在轧辊间由于摩擦力大，来不及流动而产生滑动；轧制液浓度太大，流动性不好，不能均匀分布在板带面上，轧制后就会产生松树状；厚度显示仪器出现故障；冷轧张力太小。　　29．压过划痕  热轧产生波浪或镰刀形，当其通过尾部给料辊、剪刀、三辊等时被划伤，及轧热机导板之划伤，并被压过；退火装料或搬运次数多，使卷筒松层；热轧道路粘铝划伤带板，经冷轧后产生；冷轧机的道路，三辊、五辊出现粘伤或转动不灵，划伤、擦伤铝板，经轧制而产生；冷轧及热轧张力不稳定，张力大小不匹配，或装卸卷时不小心，使层间错动擦伤板面。　　30．硝石痕  淬火后洗涤不净，板片表面留有硝石痕压光前擦得不干净。　　31．印痕  冷轧机轧辊粘有金属残渣，或轧辊上带有印痕印在板面上；矫直和辊子上粘有金属残屑，未清辊或清辊不彻底。矫直前金属残渣掉在板片上，经矫直而造成。　　32．粘铝  在剪切机列上因矫直机辊子不干净造成粘铝；精整时的所有多辊矫直机易粘伤片板面；热轧或冷轧时轧辊粘铝造成板带粘伤。　　33．折伤  薄板搬运不小心。　　34．揉擦伤  淬火后板片弯曲度太大，互相擦伤；装卸料时不小心，或装料量太多，使板片互相错动。　　35．横波  冷轧薄板时张力控制不当，使卷筒内匝在卸卷时造成雀窝；轧制过程中中间停车。　　36．包铝层厚度不合格  热轧焊合压下量过大；热轧尾部或预剪切头切尾量太少；包铝板用错了；碱洗时间过长。　　37．油痕  冷轧以后板上残留轧制油。　　38．滑移线  板片在拉伸时因拉伸量太大出现的滑移线（沿途45°）方向。　　39．水痕  淬火后未擦干净，压光时压在板片上。　　40．表面不亮  轧辊、压光辊、矫直辊光洁度不够，润滑性能不好，太脏。　　41．小黑点  在热轧板材过程中，由于高温乳液分解，分解产物与在轧制过程中因润滑不好使轧辊与铝板摩擦而产生的铝粉在高温下相互作用，产生“小黑点”混合于乳液中，经过轧制又压到铝板表面上，形成小黑点；乳液稳定性不好，不清洁，润滑性不好，用硬水配制，乳液喷射到轧辊上不均匀，及辊道不清洁，辊道、地沟、油管、油箱不清洁也易产生“小黑点”。　　42．起皮  由于铣面品质不好，加热铸块表面氧化，铸块本身品质不好形成条状或块状起皮。　　43．分层  在轧制过程中，带板端头或边部产生不均匀变形，继续轧制时扩散而成。删除

占国际黑色冶金工业产能80%以上的钢铁厂商，都是选用传统“烧结——炼铁——炼钢——轧制”长流程出产工艺，它具有高效率、大批量出产钢材的长处，远超运用电炉炼钢及直接复原铁工艺的产值。下面咱们以某厂的出产工艺流程来了解了解钢材出产： 炼焦炼焦出产流程：炼焦作业是将焦煤经混合，破碎后参加炼焦炉内经干馏后发生热焦碳及粗焦炉气之制程。 烧结烧结出产流程：烧结作业系将粉铁矿，各类助熔剂及细焦炭经由混拌、造粒后，经由布料体系参加烧结机，由点火炉点着细焦炭，经由抽气风车抽风完结烧结反响，高热之烧结矿经破碎冷却、挑选后，送往高炉作为冶炼铁水之首要质料。 高炉炼铁高炉出产流程：高炉作业是将铁矿石、焦炭及助熔剂由高炉顶部参加炉内，再由炉下部鼓风嘴鼓入高温热风，发生复原气体，复原铁矿石，发生熔融铁水与熔渣之炼铁制程。 转炉炼钢转炉出产流程：炼钢厂先将熔铣送前处理站作脱硫脱磷处理，经转炉吹炼后，再依订单钢种特性及质量需求，送二次精粹处理站(RH真空脱气处理站、LadleInjection盛桶吹射处理站、VOD真空吹氧脱碳处理站、STN搅拌站等)进行各种处理，调整钢液成份，最终送大钢胚及扁钢胚接连铸造机，浇铸成红热钢胚半制品，经查验、研磨或烧除表面缺点，或直接送下流轧制成条钢、线材、钢板、钢卷及钢片等制品。 连铸制坯连铸出产流程：接连铸造作业乃是将钢液改动成钢胚之进程。上游处理完结之钢液，以盛钢桶运送到转台，经由钢液分配器分成数股，别离注入特定形状之铸模内，开端冷却凝结成形，生成外为凝结壳、内为钢液之铸胚，接着铸胚被引拔到弧状铸道中，经二次冷却持续凝结到彻底凝结。经矫直后再依订单长度切开成块，方块形即为大钢胚，板状形即为扁钢胚。此半制品视需求经钢胚表面处理后，再送轧钢厂轧延。 热轧榜首热轧出产流程热连轧 热轧出产流程>榜首热轧钢带出产流程：热轧钢带工场首要制程是将扁钢胚加热后,经粗轧机及精轧机轧延成钢带,并以层流冷却体系喷水冷却至恰当温度,再由盘卷机卷成粗钢卷。开平剪切 热轧出产流程>热轧板剪切线布置图：首要功用为将质料钢卷上线解卷、切边、切片、整平、堆叠、及包装为制品钢板叠(HR PLATE)。调质 热轧出产流程>一号调质重卷线布置图：首要功用为将质料钢卷上线解卷、调质轧延、分切、重卷及包装为制品H.R COIL 或 H.R BAND〔HRBAND 未调质轧延〕。调质 热轧出产流程>二号调质重卷线布置图：首要功用为将质料钢卷上线解卷、调质轧延、分切、重卷及包装为制品H.R COIL 或 H.R BAND〔HRBAND 未调质轧延〕。酸洗涂油 热轧出产流程>酸洗涂油线设备布置图：首要功用为将质料钢卷上线解卷、焊接、整平、酸洗、调质轧延、切边、涂油、分切及包装为制品酸洗钢卷。 第二热轧出产流程热连轧 热轧出产流程>第二热轧钢带出产流程：热轧钢带工场首要制程是将扁钢胚加热后,经粗轧机及精轧机轧延成钢带,并以层流冷却体系喷水冷却至恰当温度,再由盘卷机卷成粗钢卷。调质 热轧出产流程>三号调质重卷线布置图：首要功用为将质料钢卷上线解卷、调质轧延、分切、重卷及包装为制品H.R COIL 或 H.R BAND〔HRBAND 未调质轧延〕。调质 热轧出产流程>四号调质重卷线布置图：首要功用为将质料钢卷上线解卷、调质轧延、分切、重卷及包装为制品H.R COIL 或 H.R BAND〔HRBAND 未调质轧延〕。 冷轧酸洗冷轧 榜首酸洗冷轧线：榜首酸洗冷轧线接纳热轧钢卷，通过解卷、焊接、整平、酸洗、裁边之后，再经由串列式冷轧机轧延成厚度较薄之冷轧钢卷。酸洗冷轧 第二酸洗冷轧线：第二酸洗冷轧线是使用张力整平机及酸洗去除热轧钢卷锈皮，清洗、烘干去除钢带表面残酸，由裁边机将钢带裁至下流产线所需宽度及经四站六重式轧延机将热轧钢卷轧至客户所需厚度，并藉主动板形控制器来改进钢带板形，是一接连式酸洗冷轧制程产线。热浸镀锌 接连热浸镀锌线：热浸镀锌线是一条接连性出产线，酸洗冷轧后钢卷送入本产线通过焊接、表面清洗及退火之后进入锌槽镀锌(GI材)或再加热发生锌铁合金(GA材)，接着再通过调质轧延 及张力整平，最终再依不同需求施行后处理或涂油作业。 退火接连退火 榜首接连退前方：榜首接连退前方包含清洗、退火、调质及精整等制程。钢带经由焊接机焊接后，进入退火炉退火，而退火炉依不同钢种赋予不同退火温度，使其到达应有的机械性质，最终再依客户订单赋予钢带表面粗糙度、涂油量、分切及包装。接连退火 第二接连退前方：第二接连退前方包含清洗、退火、调质及精整等制程。先将冷轧后钢带表面残留之轧延油洗净，再将其加热至700～850℃，以去除钢带内部应力，而且使其再结晶及调整安排内固溶碳含量，以保证机械性质的安稳，再使用调质轧延以消除降伏点伸长，改进其原料及平整度，并赋予钢带所需之表面粗糙度。最终依客户订单将钢带涂防锈油、分切及包装。 罩式退火炉罩式退火 罩式退火炉：罩式退火炉之功用系将冷轧钢卷在H2或HN气氛下,进行钢卷之再结晶及光 辉退火。 电解清洗电解清洗 电解清洗线：电解清洗线接纳冷轧钢卷，通过解卷、焊接以及电解碱洗，产制电解清洗钢卷。 涂覆接连涂覆 接连涂覆线：接连涂覆线有两项首要产品，电磁钢卷及五颜六色钢卷。 出产电磁钢卷的作业是接纳榜首接连退前方之母材后，通过清洗、水性绝缘涂料涂覆、烘焙、冷却的制程。 出产五颜六色钢卷作业是接纳冷轧母材后，通过清洗及磷酸皮膜处理、底漆涂覆、面漆涂覆、烘焙、冷却的制程。电磁钢片涂覆 电磁钢片涂覆线：电磁钢片涂覆线是规划专为出产电磁钢卷的产线。出产电磁钢卷的作业是接纳榜首接连退前方之母材后通过清洗，涂上水性绝缘涂料、烘焙、冷却的制程。电气镀锌 电气镀锌线：电气镀锌出产作业是将冷轧钢卷经由前段进料区、清洗与酸洗区、电镀区、后处理区、抗指纹 涂覆区及后段出料区，产出电气镀锌钢卷制品。调质线 调质线：制程及功用： 1. 改动退火后钢卷的机械性质，并消除降伏点伸长。 2. 赋与钢带表面契合订单之粗糙度。 3. 批改入料钢卷的不良板形。重卷 重卷线：重卷线功用系将退火及调质后冷轧钢卷施以涂油、重卷及分切制程之后，加以包装入库。 往复式冷轧往复式冷轧机：往复式冷轧机接纳热轧酸洗钢卷(未退火与预退火)，通过解卷、穿引之后，再经由六重式冷轧机轧延成厚度较薄之冷轧钢卷。 退火涂覆水平式退火涂覆线：水平式退火涂覆线包含清洗、退火、涂覆及切边等制程。钢带经由焊接机焊接后，进入退火炉退火，而退火炉依不同钢种赋予不同退火温度，使其到达应有的铁损值，再依客户订单涂覆不同之水性绝缘涂料，涂膜厚度，分切及包装。