冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。镀锌是在装有镀件、玻璃球、锌粉、水和促进剂的旋转滚桶内，作为冲击介质的玻璃球随着滚桶转动，与镀件表面发生摩擦和锤击产生机械物理能量，在化学促进剂的作用下，将镀涂的锌粉“冷焊”到镀件表面上，形成光滑、均匀和细致的具有一定厚度的镀层。镀锌分为热镀锌和电镀锌两种。热镀锌也叫热浸镀锌和热浸锌，是一种有效的 金属 防腐方式，主要用于各 行业 的 金属 结构设施上。是将除锈后的钢件浸入500℃左右融化的锌液中，使钢构件表面附着锌层，从而起到防腐的目的。电镀锌，是利用电解设备将管件经过除油、酸洗、后放入成分为锌盐的溶液中，并连接电解设备的负极，在管件的对面放置锌版，连接在电解设备的正极接通电源，利用电流从正极向负极的定向移动就会在管件上沉积一层锌，冷镀管件是先加工后镀锌。

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在6~13.5吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。产品特点因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。简单来说，冷轧，是在热软板扎的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧→酸洗→冷轧这样的加工过程。冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由热轧经过连续冷变形而成的冷轧，机械性能比较差，硬度太高，必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。化学成分（Wt%）牌号CSiMnPSCuSPCC0.02～0.08≤0.100.15～0.30≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q1950.06～0.12≤0.300.25～0.50≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q235-B0.12～0.20≤0.300.30～0.70≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050制作工序冷轧通常采用众轧的方式。冷轧生产的工序一般包括原料准备、酸洗、轧制、脱脂、退火(热处理)、精整等。冷轧以热轧产品为原料，冷轧前原料要先除磷，以保证冷轧产品的表面洁净。轧制是使材料变形的主要工序。脱脂的目的在于去除轧制时附在轧材上的润滑油脂，以免退火时污染钢材表面，对不锈钢也为防止增碳。退火包括中间退火和成品热处理，中间退火是通过再结晶消除冷变形时产生的加工硬化，以恢复材料的塑性及降低金属的变形抗力。成品热处理的目的除了通过再结晶消除硬化外。还在于根据产品的技术要求以获得所需要的组织(如各种织构等)和产品性能(如深冲、电磁性能等)。精整包括检查、剪切、矫直(平整)、打印、分类包装等内容。冷轧产品有很高的包装要求，以防止产品在运输过程中表面被刮伤。除上述工序外在生产一些特殊产品时还有各自的特殊工序。如轧制硅钢板时，在冷轧前要进行脱碳退火，轧后要进行涂膜、高温退火、拉伸矫直(见张力矫直)与回火等。用于冷轧带刚的轧机有二辊轧机、四辊轧机和多辊轧机。应用最多的是四辊轧机。轧制更薄的产品则要采用多辊轧机。多辊轧机的种类很多，如六辊轧机、偏八辊轧机，十二辊轧机，二十辊轧机等(见轧机)。随着对板形要求的提高，发展了许多改进板形的技术，如弯辊技术、窜辊技术和交叉轧辊技术等。冷轧带钢轧机按机架排列可分为单机可逆或不可逆式与多机连续式两类。前者适用于多品种、少批量或合金钢产品比例大的情况。它投资低、建厂快，但产量低，金属消耗较大。多机架连续轧制适合于产品品种较单一或者变动不大的情况，它有生产效率高、产量大的优点，但投资较大。与热轧带钢(见热连轧宽带钢生产工艺、热轧窄带钢生产)相比，冷轧带钢(见冷板扎带生产)的轧制工艺有以下特点：(1)采用工艺润滑和冷却，以降低轧制时的变形抗力和冷却轧辊；(2)采用大张力轧制，以降低变形抗力和保持轧制过程的稳定。采用的平均单位张力值为材料屈服强度的10%～60%，一般不超过50%；(3)采用多轧程轧制。由于冷轧使材料产生加工硬化，当总变形量达到60%～80%时，继续变形就变得很困难。为此要进行中间退火，使材料软化后轧制得以继续进行。为了得到要求的薄带钢，这样的中间退火可能要进行多次。两次中间退火之间的轧制称为一个轧程。冷轧带钢的退火在有保护气体的连续式退火炉或罩式退火炉中进行(见冷轧板带退火)。冷轧带钢的最小厚度目前可达到0.05mm，冷轧箔材可达到0.001mm。

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板，俗称冷板。　　冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。 　　一般来说，冷轧钢板分为三代产品：沸腾钢为第一代，铝镇静钢为第二代，无间隙原子刚（IF钢）为第三代。   您查询的关键词是：冷轧钢板  。如果打开速度慢，可以尝试快速版；如果想保存快照，可以添加到搜藏。 "冷轧钢板""2,冷轧钢板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.56",,"2.5","6000x1200 7000x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","22.25""0.45",,"4.01",,"2.75",,"24.48""0.5",,"4.45",,"3.0",,"26.70""0.6",,"5.34",,"3.5",,"31.50""0.7",,"6.23",,"4.0",,"35.60""0.8",,"7.12",,"4.5",,"40.05""0.9",,"8.01",,"5.0",,"44.50""1.0",,"8.90",,"5.5",,"48.95""1.1",,"9.79",,"6.0",,"53.40""1.2",,"10.68",,"6.5",,"57.85""1.35",,"12.02",,"7.0",,"62.30""1.5",,"13.35",,"7.5",,"66.75""1.65",,"14.60",,"8.0",,"71.20""1.8",,"16.02",,"9.0",,"80.10""2.0",,"17.80",,"10.0",,"89.00""2.25",,"20.03""冷轧铜条""2,冷轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.20","200~400","500~800","1.78",,"2.50","200~500","500~2000","22.25""0.25",,,"2.23",,"2.75",,,"24.48""0.30",,,"2.67",,"3.00",,"1000~2000","26.70""0.35",,,"3.12",,"3.50",,,"31.15""0.40","200~500","500~2000","3.56",,"4.00",,,"35.60""0.45",,,"4.01",,"4.50",,,"40.05""0.50",,,"4.45",,"5.00",,,"44.50""0.60",,,"5.34",,"5.50",,,"48.95""0.70",,,"6.23",,"6.00",,,"53.40""0.80",,,"7.12",,"6.50",,,"57.85""0.90",,,"8.01",,"7.00",,,"62.30""1.00",,,"8.90",,"8.00",,,"71.20""1.20",,,"10.68",,"9.00",,,"80.10""1.30",,,"11.57",,"10.00",,,"89.00""1.40",,,"12.46",,"11.00",,,"97.90""1.50",,,"13.35",,"12.00",,,"106.8""1.60",,,"14.69",,"13.00",,,"115.7""1.80",,,"16.02",,"14.00",,,"124.6""2.00",,,"17.80",,"15.00",,,"133.5""注 铜板和条(热轧,冷轧)的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4和TU和TUP,其化学成分应符合YB145-71规定""特殊用冷轧黄铜条""3,特殊用冷轧黄铜条(YB555-65)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)""0.20","200~300","500~1000","1.76",,"1.6","200~500","500~2000","14.08""0.25",,,"2.20",,"1.8",,,"15.84""0.30","200~400",,"2.64",,"2.0",,,"17.60""0.35",,,"3.08",,"2.5",,,"22.00""0.40","200~500",,"3.52",,"2.75",,,"24.20""0.45",,,"3.96",,"3.0",,,"26.40""0.50",,"500~2000","4.40",,"3.5",,,"30.80""0.55",,,"4.84",,"4.0",,,"35.20""0.60",,,"5.28",,"4.5",,,"39.60""0.70",,,"6.16",,"5.0",,,"44.00""0.80",,,"7.04",,"5.5",,,"48.40""0.90",,,"7.92",,"6.0",,,"52.80""1.0",,,"8.8",,"6.5",,,"57.20""1.2",,,"10.56",,"7.0",,,"61.60""1.3",,,"11.44",,"8.0",,,"70.40""1.4",,,"12.32",,"9.0",,,"79.20""1.5",,,"13.20",,"10.0",,,"88.00""注 (1)标记举例:用H80制成的,厚度为0.8mm,宽度为300mm,长度为1000mm的1/2硬条标记为:"" 条H80-Y20.8x300x1000YB555-65."" (2)冷轧条分为定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.""多面体的体积和表面积""多面体的体积和表面积""图形",,"尺寸符号",,"重心(G)""立方体",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方体∧棱柱∨",,,,"G0=h/2""三棱柱",,,,"Go=h/2""棱锥",,,,"Go=h/4""棱台""圆柱和空心圆柱∧管∨",,,,"Go=h/2""斜线直圆柱""直圆锥",,,,"Go=h/4""圆台""球",,,,"在球心上""球扇形∧球楔∨",,,,"Go=3/4(r-h/2)""球缺",,,,"Go=3(2r-h)2/4(3r-h)""圆环体∧胎∨",,,,"在环中心上""球带体",,,,"Go=h1+h/2""桶形",,,,"在轴交点上""椭球体",," a,b,c-半轴",,"在轴交点上""交叉圆柱体",,,,"在二轴交点上""梯形体""常用图形求面积,体积公式""常用图形求面积,体积公式""图形",,"尺寸符号","面积(F) 表面积(S)","重心(G)""正方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""三角形",,,,"GB=1/3BD CD=DA""平行四边形",,,,"对角线交点上""任意四边形""正多边形",,,,"在o点上""菱形",,,,"在对角线交点上""梯形""圆形",,,,"在圆心上""椭圆形",,"a·b-主轴","F= (π/4) a·b","在主轴交点G上""扇形""弓形""圆环",,,,"在圆心O""部分圆环""新月形",,,,"O1G=(π-P)L/2P","L d/10","2d/10 3d/10 4d/10","5d/10 6d/10 7d/10 ","8d/10 9d/10","P 0.40","0.79 1.18 1.56","1.91 2.25 2.55","2.81 3.02""抛物线形""等多边形",,," "," 在内,外接圆心处""冷轧黄钢板""4,冷轧黄钢板(YB460-71)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)""0.20","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","1.70",,"2.00","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","17.00""0.25",,"2.13",,"2.25",,"19.13""0.30",,"2.55",,"2.50",,"21.25""0.35",,"2.98",,"2.75",,"23.38""0.40",,"3.40",,"3.00",,"25.50""0.45",,"3.82",,"3.50",,"29.75""0.50",,"4.25",,"4.00",,"34.00""0.60",,"5.10",,"4.50",,"38.20""0.70",,"5.95",,"5.00",,"42.50""0.80",,"6.80",,"5.50",,"46.75""0.90",,"7.65",,"6.00",,"51.00""1.00",,"8.50",,"6.50",,"55.25""1.10",,"9.35",,"7.00",,"59.50""1.20",,"10.20",,"7.50",,"63.75""1.35",,"11.48",,"8.00",,"68.00""1.50",,"12.75",,"9.00",,"76.50""1.65",,"14.03",,"10.00",,"85.00""1.80",,"15.30""注 (1)冷轧软板仅供应H59,H62,H68,H80,H90,H96,HMn58-2,HPb59-1牌号.""(2)冷轧1/2硬板仅供应H62,H65,H68,H90,HMn58-2牌号.""(3)冷轧特硬板仅供应H62牌号.""(4)冷轧板材长度分为:定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.其通常长度为500~2000mm,但长度不得小于宽度.""特殊用冷轧黄钢板""5,特殊用冷轧黄钢板(YB555-65)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.52",,"2.25","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","19.60""0.45",,"3.96",,"2.50",,"22.00""0.50",,"4.40",,"2.75",,"24.20""0.55",,"4.84",,"3.0",,"26.40""0.60",,"5.28",,"3.5",,"30.80""0.70",,"6.16",,"4.0",,"35.20""0.80",,"7.04",,"4.5",,"39.60""0.90",,"7.92",,"5.0",,"44.00""1.0",,"8.80",,"5.5",,"48.40""1.1",,"9.68",,"6.0",,"52.80""1.2",,"10.56",,"6.5",,"57.20""1.35",,"11.88",,"7.0",,"61.60""1.5",,"13.20",,"7.5",,"66.60""1.65",,"14.52",,"8.0",,"70.40""1.8",,"15.84",,"9.0",,"79.20""2.0",,"17.60",,"10.0",,"88.00""注 标记举例:用H90制成的,厚度为2.5mm,宽度为600mm,长度为1200mm的软板标记为:"" 板H90M2.5x600x1200xYB555-65.""铝及铝合金板""6,铝及铝合金板""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)"0.5,"1.40",,"2.5","7.00",,"9.0","25.2",,"25","70.0"0.6,"1.68",,"3.0","8.40",,"10.0","28.0",,"30","84.0"0.8,"2.24",,"3.5","9.80",,"12.0","33.6",,"35","98.0""1.0","2.80",,"4.0","11.20",,"14.0","39.2",,"40","112.0""1.2","3.36",,"5.0","14.00",,"16.0","44.8",,"50","140.0""1.5","4.20",,"6.0","16.80",,"18.0","50.4",,"60","168.0""1.8","5.04",,"7.0","19.60",,"20.0","56.0",,"70","196.0""2.0","5.60",,"8.0","22.40",,"22.0","61.6",,"80","224.0""注 (1)板的宽度有1000,1200和500mm;板的长度有2000,3000和4000mm."" (2)理论重量按LY11,LY12和LD10等牌号铝合金的比重2.8计算,对于其他牌号的铝合金和工业纯铝,应乘以"" 下列换算系数:LD2-0.961;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975;LC4-1.018;工业纯铝-0.967.""铅板""7,铅板(GB1470-79)""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)""1.0","11.37",,"3.0","34.11",,"5.0","56.85",,"9.0","102.33""1.5","17.06",,"3.5","39.80",,"6.0","68.22",,"10.0","113.70""2.0","22.74",,"4.0","45.48",,"7.0","79.59",,"12.0","136.44""2.5","28.43",,"4.5","51.17",,"8.0","90.96",,"16.0","170.55""注 (1)铅的化学成分按GB469-64标准."" (2)板材理论重量按比重为11.34计算,宽度按500mm进张."" (3)板材成卷供应,厚度大于15mm的板材,以片状供应,厚度不大于1.5mm的板材,应用木箱包装.""纯铜带"",纯铜带(YB464-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.05","18~150","≥20","0.44",,"0.50","18~300","≥10","4.45""0.06",,,"0.53",,"0.55",,,"4.90""0.07",,,"0.62",,"0.60",,,"5.34""0.08",,,"0.71",,"0.65",,,"5.79""0.09",,,"0.80",,"0.70",,,"6.23""0.10","18~300",,"0.89",,"0.75",,,"6.68""0.12",,,"1.07",,"0.80",,,"7.12""0.15",,,"1.34",,"0.85",,,"7.57""0.18",,,"1.60",,"0.90",,,"8.01""0.20",,,"1.78",,"1.00",,,"8.90""0.22",,,"1.96",,"1.10",,,"9.79""0.25",,,"2.23",,"1.20",,"≥7","10.68""0.30",,,"2.67",,"1.30",,,"11.57""0.35",,,"3.12",,"14.40",,,"12.46""0.40",,,"3.56",,"1.50",,,"13.35""0.45",,,"4.01""注 纯铜带的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4,TUP,其化学成分符合YB145-71的规定.""铝带""9,铝带""宽 度 (mm)","厚 度 (mm)","3","4","5","6","8","10","12","重 量 (kg/m)""10","0.080","0.107","0.134 0.161 0.268 0.335 0.402 0.536 0.670 0.804 1.072 1.340 1.608","0.161","0.214","0.268","0.322""12","0.096","0.129",,"0.193","0.257","0.322","0.386""15","0.121","0.161",,"0.241","0.322","0.402","0.482""20","0.161","0.214",,"0.322","0.429","0.568","0.643""25","0.201","0.268",,"0.402","0.568","0.670","0.804""30","0.241","0.332",,"0.482","0.643","0.804","0.965""40","0.322","0.429",,"0.643","0.858","1.072","1.286""50","0.402","0.536",,"0.804","1.072","1.340","1.608""60","0.482","0.643",,"0.965","1.286","1.608","1.930""80","0.643","0.858",,"1.286","1.715","2.144","2.573""100","0.804","1.072",,"1.608","2.144","2.680","3.216""120","0.965","1.286",,"1.930","2.573","3.216","3.859""注 表中重量系以LY11,LY12,(比重2.8)为准,其他合金应乘以下列系数:"" L1~L6-0.967;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975.""热轧铜条""1,热轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""4.0","200~500","≥1000","35.60",,"8.0","200~500","≥1000","71.20""4.5",,,"40.05",,"9.0",,,"80.10""5.0",,,"44.05",,"10.0",,,"89.0""5.5",,,"48.95",,"11.0",,,"97.9""6.0",,,"53.40",,"12.0",,,"106.8""6.5",,,"57.85",,"13.0",,,"115.7""7.0",,,"62.30",,"14.0",,,"124.6""7.5",,,"66.75",,"15.0",,,"133.5""英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""(二)英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm""0","0.324","8.230",,"14","0.080","2.032",,"28","0.0148","0.376""1","0.300","7.020",,"15","0.072","1.829",,"29","0.0136","0.345""2","0.276","7.010",,"16","0.064","1.626",,"30","0.0124","0.315""3","0.252","6.401",,"17","0.056","1.422",,"31","0.0116","0.295""4","0.232","5.893",,"18","0.048","1.219",,"32","0.0108","0.274""5","0.212","5.385",,"19","0.040","1.016",,"33","0.0100","0.254""6","0.192","4.877",,"20","0.036","0.914",,"34","0.0092","0.234""7","0.176","4.470",,"21","0.032","0.813",,"35","0.0084","0.213""8","0.160","4.064",,"22","0.028","0.711",,"36","0.0076","0.193""9","0.144","3.658",,"23","0.024","0.610",,"37","0.0068","0.173""10","0.128","3.251",,"24","0.022","0.559",,"38","0.0060","0.152""11","0.116","2.946",,"25","0.020","0.508",,"39","0.0052","0.132"12,"0.104","2.642",,"26","0.018","0.457",,"40","0.0048","0.122"13,"0.092","2.337",,"27","0.0164","0.417",,"41","0.0044","0.112""刺钢丝""三)刺钢丝规格和重量""说 明 和 用 途",,"钢丝划号 (号)","刺间距离 (mm)","每kg长度 (m)","重量 (kg/km)""刺钢丝又名刺铁丝,俗称"花园铅丝"(因常作花园围墙篱笆之用,故名),系以镀锌钢丝经机器铰缠而成(一般用#12或#14钢丝制作).适于作各种围墙(尤其是公园围墙和临时建筑场地 的围墙)篱笆或障碍物用.",,"12","65","6.4","156",,,"75","7.2","139",,,"100","7.9","127",,,"125","8.6","116",,"14","65","10.9","91.8",,,"75","11.5","86.9",,,"100","13.0","76.9",,,"125","14.0","71.4""注 (1)刺钢丝规格的注写方法为"钢丝直径(号数)x尖数x刺间距离",或"钢丝直径(号数)x刺间距离"."" (2)表列刺钢丝的"每kg长度"和"重量",仅供参考.""刻痕钢丝""四)刻痕钢丝规格和重量""直径 (mm)","断面积 (mm2)","重量 (kg/m)"," 抗 拉 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,"屈 服 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,,"I组","II组","I组","II组""2.5","4.90","0.034","190","160","152","128""3","7.06","0.056","180","150","144","120""4","12.56","0.094","170","140","136","112""5","19.63","0.150","160","130","126","104""注 刻痕钢丝是由预应力混凝土结构用碳素钢丝(冷拔高强度钢丝)在经特制的"刻痕机"进行刻痕而制成的"" 预应力钢筋混凝土结构用的钢丝.""钢丝网""五)钢丝网规格和重量""号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)"20,"1.6","1.5",,"6","2.0","6.7",,"2.5","0.7","2.0",,"1","0.3","0.9","3.0","5.1",,"5.5","0.5","0.6",,"2.2","0.45","1.0",,,"0.35","1.2""18","1.6","1.7",,,"1.6","4.7",,,"0.6","1.6",,"0.9","0.25","0.7","3.0","5.7",,,"2.0","7.2",,,"0.8","2.9",,,"0.3","1.0""16","1.6","1.9",,"5","0.7","1.1",,"2","0.4","0.9",,,"0.4","1.6","3.0","6.3",,,"1.4","4.1",,,"0.5","1.3",,"0.8","0.22","0.6""14","1.4","1.7",,,"2.2","8.9",,,"0.6","1.9",,,"0.28","0.9","2.5","4.9",,"4.5","0.5","0.7",,,"1.2","6.0",,,"0.3","1.0""12","1.2","1.4",,,"1.0","2.3",,"1.8","0.4","0.9",,"0.7","0.2","0.6","2.5","5.7",,,"1.8","6.8",,,"0.5","1.4",,,"0.25","0.9""11","1.2","1.5",,"4","0.6","1.0",,,"0.7","2.6",,,"0.30","1.2","2.5","6.1",,,"1.0","2.6",,"1.6","0.3","0.6",,"0.63","0.22","0.7""10","1.0","1.2",,,"1.4","4.8",,,"0.4","1.0",,,"0.25","0.9","2.5","6.6",,"3.5","0.7","1.5",,,"0.45","1.3",,,"0.28","1.2""9","1.0","1.3",,,"1.0","2.9",,"1.4","0.30","0.7",,"0.56","0.22","0.8","2.2","5.7",,,"1.2","4.0",,,"0.35","0.9",,,"0.25","1.0""8","0.7","0.7",,"3.2","0.45","0.7",,,"0.65","2.7",,,"0.28","1.2","1.2","2.1",,,"0.9","2.7",,"1.2","0.28","0.7",,"0.5","0.22","0.9","1.8","4.5",,,"1.2","4.3",,,"0.35","1.0",,,"0.25","1.1""7","0.7","0.8",,"2.8","0.4","0.7",,,"0.4","1.3",,,"0.3","1.5","1.2","2.3",,,"0.7","1.8",,"1.1","0.28","0.7",,"0.45","0.2","0.8","1.8","5.0",,,"1.0","3.6",,,"0.35","1.1",,,"0.25","1.2""6","0.7","0.9",,"2.5","0.4","0.7",,,"0.40","1.4",,,"0.2","0.9","1.2","2.7",,,"0.5","1.1",,"1","0.25","0.7",,"0.4","0.25","1.3""钢板网""六)钢板网规格和重量""品 种","规 格 (mm)",,,,,,"每张大约重量(kg)","生产单位","丝梗厚度 h","孔眼宽度 T","丝梗宽度 b","节 距 t","网面宽度 B","网面长度 L""小","0.5","9","1","25","1800","600","0.875","上海中国钢板网厂",,,,,"2000",,"0.875","0.6","9","1","25","1800","600","1.000",,,,,"2000",,"1.125","0.7","9","1","25","1800","600","1.125",,,,,"2000",,"1.250""网","0.75","9","1","25","1800","600","1.250",,,,,"2000",,"1.375","0.8","9","1","25","1800","600","1.375",,,,,"2000",,"1.500","1","9","1","25","1500","600","1.625",,,,,"1800",,"1.875",,,,,"2000",,"2.125""大","0.5","7","1.2","2.5","1800","2800","5.85","上海中国钢板网厂","1","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","11.70",,"9","1.2","25","1500","3000","7.95",,,,,"1800","3600","11.70",,"9","1.1","25","2000","4000","14.76",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","11.70",,,,,"2000","4000","14.60","1.2","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","14.04",,"9","1.2","25","1800","3600","14.04",,,"1.1","25","2000","4000","17.71",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","14.04""网",,,,,"2000","4000","17.71","1.5","11","1.6","40","1800","3600","17.55",,"17","2.3","65","2000","4000","22.14","2","17","2.3","65","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"22","3.0","75","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"27","3.8","100","2000","4000","29.52","3","36","4.6","115","2000","4000","44.28",,"45","6.1","150""钢丝纱""七)钢丝纱(窗纱)规格和重量""规 格","面 积(m2/卷)","重 量",,"(kg/卷)","(kg/m2)""14目3x100","27.87","12.5","0.448""14目4x100","37.16","16.6","0.448""16目3x100",27.87,13.5,"0.484""16目4x100",37.16,"18.0","0.484""紫铜丝布""(八)紫铜丝布(紫铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","22","2.691",,"30","30","2.5116",,"65","36","1.9734""10","24","2.691",,"35","31","1.9734",,"70","36","1.9734""12","24","3.0498",,"40","32","1.9734",,"75","37","1.9734""16","26","2.1528",,"45","33","1.9734",,"80","37","1.9734""20","27","2.1528",,"50","34","1.9734",,"100","39","1.7940""24","30","2.1528",,"55","35","1.9734""28","30","2.3322",,"60","35","1.7940""黄铜丝布""(九)黄铜丝布(黄铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","24","1.5787",,"24","34","0.8611",,"50","38","0.6458""10","26","1.2375",,"26","34","0.8252",,"60","41","0.3947""12","27","1.2558",,"28","36","0.5386",,"70","42","0.3347""14","27","1.3276",,"30","36","0.5741",,"80","43","0.3767""16","32","0.6100",,"32","36","0.6100",,"90","43","0.4306""18","33","0.6100",,"34","36","0.6279",,"100","43","0.5023""20","33","0.7176",,"36","36","0.7176",,"110","44","0.3347""22","33","0.8611",,"40","36","0.4844",,"120","44","0.4485""铝及铝合金直角角型材""1,铝及铝合金直角角型材(XC111)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b"1,"12","1","0.234","0.065",,"25","25","1.3","0.734","0.204",,"49","38.3","5","3.590","0.998"2,"12","2","0.440","0.122",,"26","25","1.6","0.777","0.216",,"50","38.3","6.3","4.444","1.235"3,"12.5","1.6","0.377","0.105",,"27","25","2","0.964","0.268",,"51","40","2","1.564","0.435"4,"15","1","0.294","0.082",,"28","25","2.5","1.189","0.331",,"52","40","2.5","1.944","0.540"5,"15","1.2","0.353","0.098",,"29","25","3","1.410","0.392",,"53","40","3","2.320","0.645"6,"15","1.5","0.434","0.121",,"30","25","3.2","1.509","0.429",,"54","40","3.5","2.671","0.743"7,"15","2","0.564","0.157",,"31","25","3.5","1.641","0.456",,"55","40","3.5","2.694","0.749"8,"15","3","0.820","0.223",,"32","25","4","1.857","0.516",,"56","40","4","3.057","0.850"9,"16","1.6","0.429","0.119",,"33","25","5","2.242","0.623",,"57","40","5","3.750","1.043"10,"16","2.4","0.726","0.202",,"34","27","2","1.041","0.289",,"58","45","4","3.475","0.961"11,"18","1.5","0.524","0.146",,"35","27","2","1.090","0.303",,"59","45","5","4.277","1.189"12,"18","2","0.684","0.190",,"36","30","1.5","0.884","0.246",,"60","50","3","2.920","0.812"13,"19","1.6","0.585","0.163",,"37","30","2","1.164","0.324",,"61","50","4","3.857","1.072"14,"19","2.4","0.861","0.239",,"38","30","2.5","1.438","0.400",,"62","50","5","4.777","1.328"15,"19","3.2","1.125","0.313",,"39","30","3","1.720","0.478",,"63","50","6","5.655","1.572"16,"20","1","0.397","0.110",,"40","30","4","2.240","0.623",,"64","50","6.5","6.110","1.699"17,"20","1.2","0.473","0.131",,"41","32","2.4","1.491","0.415",,"65","50","12","10.600","2.947"18,"20","1.5","0.584","0.162",,"42","32","3.2","1.957","0.554",,"66","60","5","5.777","1.606"19,"20","2","0.764","0.212",,"43","32","3.5","2.131","0.592",,"67","60","6","6.855","1.906"20,"20","3","1.140","0.137",,"44","32","6.5","3.723","1.036",,"68","75","7","10.010","2.783"21,"20","4","1.475","0.410",,"45","35","3","2.005","0.557",,"69","75","8","11.360","3.158"22,"20.5","1.6","0.633","0.176",,"46","35","4","2.657","0.739",,"70","75","10","14.000","3.892"23,"23","2","0.680","0.245",,"47","38","2.4","1.773","0.498",,"71","90","5","8.750","2.433"24,"25","1.2","0.597","0.166",,"48","38.3","3.5","2.562","0.712",,"72","90","8","13.760","3.825""注 (1)铝及铝合金型材的尺寸,规格等摘自冶金工业部1970年颁发的《铝及铝镁合金挤压型材》."" (2)表内理论重量均按LY12合金比重(2.78)进行计算,其他材料的比重及换算系数如下:L1~L7(2.71)-0.975;"" LF2(2.68)-0.964;LF11(2.65)-0.953;LF21(2.73)-0.982;LD2(2.70)-0.971;"" LY11(2.80)-1.007;LY12(2.78)-1.000."" (3)铝型材主要生产单位有哈尔滨和西北铝加工厂等.西北铝加工厂的产品断面为100~400cm2,宽度小于530mm."" (4)铝及铝合金型材规格的表示方法是型材类别组号加序号,如XC111-4,其中,XC表示型材,后面的数字依次为"" 类别,组号,连字符后的数字为顺序号.""铝及铝合金直丁字型材""2,铝及铝合金直丁字型材(XC211)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"15","25","1","0.405","0.113",,"34","32","45","3","2.259","0.628"2,"19","50","2","1.378","0.383",,"35","32","48","2.4","1.874","0.521"3,"20","20","2","0.760","0.211",,"36","32","50","3","2.423","0.674"4,"20","30","1.5","0.740","0.206",,"37","35","32","1.5","1.000","0.278"5,"20","35","2","1.060","0.295",,"38","35","35","4","2.713","0.754"6,"20","37","2","1.117","0.311",,"39","35","40","2","1.468","0.408"7,"20","42","2","1.200","0.334",,"40","37","42","2","1.500","0.417"8,"20","42","2","1.240","0.345",,"41","38","44","5","3.910","1.087"9,"20","45","2","1.860","0.517",,"42","38","50","3.5","3.026","0.841"10,"20","90","2","2.160","0.600",,"43","38","50","4.8","3.990","1.109"11,"21","53","1.8","1.300","0.361",,"44","39","75","5","5.510","1.532"12,"22","48","1.4","1.960","0.267",,"45","40","36","5","3.350","0.933"13,"25","29","1.6","0.847","0.25",,"46","40","45","3","2.479","0.689"14,"25","35","1.5","0.890","0.247",,"47","40","45","4","3.274","0.910"15,"25","38","2.5","1.510","0.420",,"48","40","68","3","3.300","0.917"16,"25","40","2","1.280","0.356",,"49","40","130","6","9.840","2.736"17,"25","45","2.5","1.726","0.480",,"50","42","64","4","4.100","1.140"18,"25","45","3","2.019","0.561",,"51","45","40","2.2","1.860","0.517"19,"25","45","4","2.708","0.753",,"52","50","70","4","4.640","1.300"20,"25","48","1.4","1.012","0.288",,"53","51","51","2.4","2.443","0.679"21,"25","48","1.5","1.082","0.301",,"54","54","50","3","3.040","0.845"22,"25","50","2","1.499","0.417",,"55","54","68","3","3.608","1.003"23,"25","50","2.5","1.851","0.515",,"56","64","50","5","5.781","1.607"24,"26","38","2.5","1.554","0.432",,"57","63","50","2","2.320","0.645"25,"27","70","2","1.920","0.534",,"58","70","37","2","2.100","0.584"26,"29","38","1.6","1.055","0.293",,"59","70","55","2","2.460","0.684"27,"29","58","2.5","2.180","0.606",,"60","74","66","6","8.080","2.246"28,"29","58","3.5","2.991","0.831",,"61","75","40","3","3.400","0.945"29,"30","40","1.5","1.040","0.289",,"62","80","50","2","2.560","0.712"30,"30","40","2","1.370","0.381",,"63","80","60","3","4.110","1.143"31,"30","45","3","2.150","0.597",,"64","83","50","3","3.953","1.099"32,"30","56","4","3.280","0.912",,"65","90","77","10","15.700","4.365"33,"30","68","6.5","6.100","1.696""热轧铜板""1,热轧铜板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽 度 (mm)",,,,,,,,"理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)","600~900","1000~1200","1300~1500","1600~1800","1900~2200","2300~2500","2600~2800","2900~3000","最 大 长 度 (mm)""5.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"44.50""5.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"48.95""6.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"53.40""6.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"57.85""7.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"62.30""7.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"66.75""8.0","4000","5000","6000","5500","4800","4200","3700","3500","71.20""9.0","4000","5000","6000","5000","4200","3700","3300","3100","80.10""10.0","4000","5000","5500","4500","3800","3300","3000","3000","89.0""11.0","4000","5000","5000","4000","3400","3300","2800",,"97.9""12.0","4000","5000","4500","3800","3100","2800",,,"106.8""13.0","4000","5000","4000","3600","2900",,,,"115.7""14.0","4000","4500","3800","3300","2700",,,,"124.6""15.0","4500","4300","3600","3100","2500",,,,"133.5""16.0","4500","4300","3400","2000","2400",,,,"142.4""17.0","4500","4000","3200","2700","2200",,,,"151.3""18.0","4500","3900","3000","2600",,,,,"160.2""19.0","4500","3700","2800","2400",,,,,"169.1""20.0","4500","3500","2600","2300",,,,,"178.0""21.0","4000","3300","2500","2200",,,,,"186.9""22.0","4000","3000","2400","2100",,,,,"195.8""23.0","4000","3000","2400","2000",,,,,"204.7""24.0","3500","2800","2200","1900",,,,,"213.6""25.0","3500","2800","2000","1800",,,,,"222.5""注 热轧板的宽度按100mm进级.""铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材(XC511)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积 (mm2)","理论重量 (kg/m)","H","B","b"1,"23","38","1.2","1.178","0.327"2,"26","34.5","3.5","3.157","0.875"3,"57","48","8","11.000","3.058"4,"68","38","2.5","3.509","0.976"5,"86","60","6","11.600","3.225""铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材(XC411)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"12.7","15.9","1.6","0.688","0.191",,11,"38","25","3","2.613","0.726"2,"20","15","1.2","0.578","0.163",,12,"44","25","4","3.690","1.001"3,"20","15","1.5","0.721","0.200",,13,"50","19","2.5","2.102","0.584"4,"25","18","1.5","0.885","0.246",,14,"80","30","3","4.020","1.118"5,"25","23","3.5","2.267","0.630",,15,"80","35","4","5.680","1.579"6,"31","25","2.5","1.900","0.528",,16,"80","40","4","6.080","1.690"7,"32","14","1.9","1.000","0.303",,17,"100","30","3","4.620","1.284"8,"34","25","3.5","2.764","0.768",,18,"100","35","4","6.480","1.801"9,"36","26","2.5","2.075","0.577",,19,"100","40","4","6.880","1.913"10,"36","31.5","3.2","2.960","0.823""铝及铝合金槽形型材""3,铝及铝合金槽形型材(XC311)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"13","13","1.6","0.561","0.156",,"31","45","40","3","3.638","1.011"2,"13","34","3.5","2.579","0.717",,"32","46","25","5","4.300","1.195"3,"20","15","1.3","0.620","0.172",,"33","50","20","4","5.331","0.926"4,"21","28","4","2.868","0.797",,"34","50","30","2","2.120","0.589"5,"25","13","2.4","1.134","0.315",,"35","50","30","4","4.131","1.148"6,"25","15","1.5","0.795","0.221",,"36","55","25","5","4.819","1.340"7,"25","18","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"37","55","30","3","3.299","0.917"8,"25","18","2","1.140","0.317",,"38","60","25","4","4.131","1.148"9,"25","20","2.5","1.520","0.423",,"39","60","35","5","6.000","1.668"10,"25","20","4","2.280","0.634",,"40","60","40","4","4.480","1.245"11,"25","25","5","3.250","0.904",,"41","63","38.3","4.8","6.275","1.744"12,"30","15","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"42","64","38","4","5.300","1.473"13,"30","18","1.5","0.960","0.267",,"43","70","25","3","3.449","0.959"14,"30","20","2","1.335","0.371",,"44","70","25","5","5.500","1.529"15,"30","22","6","3.870","1.076",,"45","70","26","3.2","3.700","1.028"16,"32","25","1.8","1.437","0.399",,"46","70","30","4","4.931","1.371"17,"32","25","2.5","1.925","0.535",,"47","70","40","5","7.080","1.968"18,"35","20","2.5","1.770","0.492",,"48","75","45","5","7.831","2.177"19,"35","30","2","1.833","0.510",,"49","80","30","4.5","6.010","1.671"20,"38","50","5","6.560","1.824",,"50","80","35","4.5","6.414","1.783"21,"40","18","2","1.453","0.404",,"51","80","35","6","8.280","2.302"22,"40","18","2.5","1.795","0.499",,"52","80","40","4","6.131","1.704"23,"40","18","3","2.129","0.592",,"53","80","40","6","8.900","2.474"24,"40","21","4","2.960","0.823",,"54","80","60","4","7.480","2.079"25,"40","25","2","1.730","0.481",,"55","90","50","6","10.680","2.969"26,"40","25","3","2.549","0.709",,"56","100","40","6","10.080","2.802"27,"40","30","3.5","3.250","0.904",,"57","100","48","6.3","11.550","3.211"28,"40","32","3","2.978","0.828",,"58","100","50","5","9.580","2.663"29,"40","50","4","5.280","1.468",,"59","128","40","9","17.100","4.754"30,"45","20","3","2.370","0.659""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管1""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","0.25","0.30","0.40","0.50","0.60","0.80","1.0","1.2",1.4,"1.5",1.6,1.8,"2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""50",,,,,,,"1.21","1.44","1.68","1.79","1.91","2.14","2.37","2.59","2.93","3.25","3.48","3.70","4.01","4.54","5.05","5.55""(51)",,,,,,,"1.23","1.47","1.71","1.83","1.96","2.18","2.42","2.64","2.99","3.32","3.55","3.79","4.10","4.64","5.16","5.67""53",,,,,,,"1.28","1.53","1.78","1.91","2.03","2.27","2.52","2.76","3.11","3.46","3.70","3.94","4.27","4.83","5.38","5.92""(54)",,,,,,,"1.31","1.59","1.82","1.94","2.07","2.31","2.56","2.81","3.18","3.53","3.77","4.02","4.36","4.93","5.49","6.04""56",,,,,,,"1.36","1.62","1.89","2.02","2.15","2.40","2.66","2.92","3.30","3.66","3.92","4.17","4.53","5.13","5.71","6.29""(57)",,,,,,,"1.38","1.65","1.92","2.05","2.18","2.45","2.71","2.97","3.36","3.74","4.00","4.25","4.62","5.23","5.83","6.41""60",,,,,,,"1.46","1.74","2.02","2.16","2.31","2.58","2.86","3.13","3.55","3.94","4.22","4.49","4.88","5.52","6.16","6.78""63",,,,,,,"1.53","1.83","2.13","2.27","2.42","2.71","3.01","3.30","3.72","4.15","4.44","4.73","5.13","5.81","6.49","7.14""65",,,,,,,"1.58","1.89","2.20","2.35","2.50","2.80","3.11","3.40","3.85","4.29","4.59","4.89","5.31","6.02","6.71","7.40""(68)",,,,,,,"1.65","1.98","2.36","2.46","2.62","2.93","3.26","3.57","4.04","4.49","4.81","5.12","5.57","6.31","7.05","7.77""70",,,,,,,"1.70","2.03","2.37","2.53","2.70","3.02","3.35","3.68","4.16","4.36","4.96","5.23","5.74","6.51","7.27","8.01""(73)",,,,,,,"1.78","2.12","2.47","2.64","2.82","3.16","3.50","3.84","4.35","4.84","5.18","5.52","6.00","6.81","7.60","8.38""75",,,,,,,"1.82","2.18","2.54","2.71","2.90","3.24","3.60","3.95","4.46","4.97","5.32","5.68","6.17","7.00","7.82","8.62""(76)",,,,,,,"1.85","2.21","2.57","2.76","2.94","3.29","3.65","4.00","4.53","5.05","5.40","5.75","6.26","7.10","7.93","8.75""80",,,,,,,,,"2.71","2.90","3.09","3.47","3.84","4.22","4.77","5.32","5.69","6.07","6.60","7.49","8.37","9.24""(83)",,,,,,,,,"2.82","3.02","3.21","3.60","4.00","4.37","4.96","5.52","5.92","6.31","6.86","7.79","8.71","9.62""85",,,,,,,,,"2.88","3.08","3.29","3.69","4.09","4.48","5.08","5.66","6.06","6.46","7.04","7.98","8.93","9.83""(89)",,,,,,,,,"3.02","3.24","3.45","3.86","4.29","4.70","5.33","5.94","6.36","6.77","7.38","8.38","9.38","10.33""90",,,,,,,,,"3.05","3.27","3.49","3.91","4.34","4.76","5.39","6.01","6.43","6.86","7.47","8.47","9.49","10.47""95",,,,,,,,,"3.21","3.46","3.68","4.13","4.59","5.02","5.70","6.36","6.81","7.26","7.90","8.98","10.04","11.10"100,,,,,,,,,"3.40","3.64","3.88","4.35","4.83","5.30","6.00","6.70","7.17","7.65","8.32","9.46","10.59","11.70""(102)",,,,,,,,,"3.46","3.73","3.97","4.45","4.93","5.40","6.13","6.84","7.32","7.81","8.50","9.67","10.82","11.96""(108)",,,,,,,,,"3.67","3.95","4.21","4.72","5.23","5.74","6.50","7.25","7.77","8.29","9.02","10.26","11.49","12.70"110,,,,,,,,,"3.74","4.03","4.28","4.81","5.32","5.84","6.62","7.39","7.92","8.43","9.19","10.46","11.70","12.93"120,,,,,,,,,,"4.36","4.66","5.25","5.83","6.38","7.24","8.07","8.66","9.22","10.06","11.44","12.93","14.30"125,,,,,,,,,,,,"5.46","6.06","6.64","7.54","8.42","9.02","9.61","10.50","11.91","13.37","14.80"130,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"7.86","8.78","9.40","10.00","10.92","12.43","13.92","15.48""(133)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"8.05","8.98","9.59","10.25","11.18","12.75","14.26","15.75"140,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.11","10.79","11.80","13.42","15.05","16.65"150,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.85","11.52","12.65","14.39","16.11","17.85"160,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"13.53","15.38","17.25","19.09"170,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"14.31","16.31","18.35","20.30"180,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"15.20","17.30","19.50","21.59"190,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"18.29","20.60","22.80"200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"19.67","21.65","24.00""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管2""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","5.5","6.0","6.5","7.0","7.5","8.0","8.5","9","9.5","10",11,12,"钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""5""6""7""8""9""10","0.518","0.536","0.561""11","0.592","0.615","0.647""12","0.666","0.694","0.734","0.789""(13)","0.740","0.774","0.820","0.888""14","0.814","0.852","0.906","0.986""(15)","0.888","0.932","0.993","1.09","1.17","1.23""16","0.962","1.10","1.08","1.18","1.28","1.35""(17)","1.04","1.09","1.17","1.28","1.39","1.48""18","1.11","1.17","1.25","1.38","1.50","1.60""(19)","1.18","1.25","1.34","1.48","1.61","1.73","1.54","1.92""20","1.26","1.33","1.42","1.58","1.72","1.85","1.97","2.07""(21)","1.33","1.41","1.51","1.68","1.83","1.97","2.10","2.22""22","1.41","1.49","1.60","1.77","1.94","2.10","2.24","2.37""(23)","1.48","1.57","1.68","1.87","2.05","2.22","2.37","2.52""(24)","1.55","1.64","1.77","1.97","2.16","2.34","2.51","2.66","2.81","2.93""25","1.63","1.72","1.86","2.07","2.28","2.47","2.64","2.81","2.97","3.11""(27)","1.78","1.88","2.03","2.27","2.50","2.71","2.92","3.11","3.29","3.45""28","1.85","1.96","2.11","2.37","2.61","2.84","3.05","3.26","3.45","3.68""29","1.92","2.02","2.20","2.47","2.72","2.96","3.19","3.40","3.60","3.80","3.98""30","2.00","2.12","2.29","2.56","2.83","3.08","3.32","3.55","3.77","3.97","4.16","4.34""32","2.15","1.28","2.46","2.76","3.05","3.33","3.59","3.85","4.09","4.32","4.53","4.74""34","2.29","2.43","2.63","2.96","3.27","3.58","3.87","4.14","4.41","4.66","4.90","5.13""(35)","2.37","2.51","2.72","3.06","3.38","3.70","4.00","4.29","4.57","4.83","5.09","5.33""36","2.44","2.59","2.81","3.16","3.50","3.82","4.14","4.44","4.73","5.01","5.27","5.52""38","2.59","2.75","2.98","3.35","3.72","4.07","4.41","4.74","5.05","5.35","5.64","5.92","6.18","6.44""40","2.74","2.91","3.15","3.55","3.94","4.32","4.68","5.03","5.37","5.70","6.01","6.31","6.60","6.88""42","2.89","3.07","3.32","3.75","4.16","4.56","4.95","5.33","5.69","6.04","6.38","6.71","7.02","7.32""44.5","3.07","3.25","3.54","4.00","4.44","4.87","5.29","5.70","6.09","6.47","6.84","7.20","7.55","7.88""45","3.11","3.31","3.58","4.04","4.49","4.93","5.36","5.77","6.17","6.56","6.94","7.30","7.65","7.99","8.32","8.63""48","3.33","3.54","3.84","4.34","4.83","5.30","5.76","6.21","6.65","7.08","7.49","7.89","8.28","8.66","9.03","9.57""水,煤气输送钢管""1,水,煤气输送钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)234-63]""公称内径",,"钢 管 螺 纹",,"外径 (mm)","普通管",,"加厚管""mm","(in.)",,"壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)","壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)""6","1/8''","10","2","0.89","2.50","0.46""8","1/4''","13.5","2.25","0.62","2.75","0.73""10","3/8''","17","2.25","0.82","2.75","0.97""15","1/2''","21.25","2.75","1.25","3.25","1.44""20","3/4''","26.75","2.75","1.63","3.5","2.01""25","1''","33.5","3.25","2.42","4","2.91""32","1 1''/4","42.25","3.25","3.13","4","3.77""40","1 1''/2","48","3.5","3.84","4.25","4.58""50","2''","60","3.5","4.88","4.5","6.16""70","2 1''/2","75.5","3.75","6.64","4.5","7.88""80","3''","88.5","4","8.34","4.75","9.81""100","4''","114","4","10.85","5","13.44""125","5''","140","4.5","15.04","5.5","18.24""150","6''","165","4.5","17.81","5.5","21.63""注(1)表列钢管是适用于输送水,煤气及采暖系统等用的钢管.分镀锌和不镀锌(黑管)两种;又分带螺纹和"" 不带螺纹两种;按壁厚可分为普通钢管,加厚钢管和薄壁钢管."" (2)钢管的长度规定为:无螺纹的黑管4~12m;带螺纹的黑管和镀锌管4~9m.每批允许有10%的(按根数计算)"" 2~4m长的短尺钢管或4~9m米长的接管(即用一个管接头将两根钢管连接而成)."" (3)经供需双方协议,可供应定尺长度或倍尺长度的钢管.其最大长度可到8m.按倍尺交货的钢管,每个单"" 倍尺应留切口5~10mm."" (4)钢管用易焊接的软钢制造,钢号和制造方法(炉焊或电焊)均由制造厂选择."" (5)钢管应能承受下列规定压力的水压试验:普通钢管和薄壁钢管:20kg/cm2;加厚钢管30kg/cm2.""电丝套管""2,电丝套管规格,重量表""名称","外径 (mm)","近似内径 (mm)","管壁厚度 (mm)","重量 (kg/m)","每吨长度 (m/t)""5/8''","15.9","12.3","1.8","0.626","1597.44""3/4''","19.1","15.5","1.8","0.627","1302.08""1''","25.4","21.8","1.8","0.628","954.20""1 1''/4","31.8","28.2","1.8","0.629","750.75""1 1''/2","38.1","34.5","1.8","0.630","620.73""电焊钢管""电焊钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)242-68]""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)",0.5,0.6,0.8,"1.0","1.2","1.4","1.5","1.6","1.8","2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","3.8","4.0",4.2,4.5,4.8,"5.0",5.5,"钢 管 的 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""(5)","0.055","0.065","0.083","0.099""(6)","0.068","0.080","0.108","0.123""(7)","0.080","0.095","0.122","0.148""(8)","0.092","0.110","0.142","0.173","(0.202)""(9)","0.105","0.125","0.162","0.197","0.231""10","0.117","0.139","0.182","0.222","(0.261)""(11)","0.129","0.154","0.201","0.247","0.290""12","0.142","0.169","0.221","0.271","0.320","0.365","(0.388)","0.411""(13)",,"0.184","0.241","0.296","0.349","0.400","0.425","0.451""(14)",,"0.199","0.260","0.321","0.379","0.434","0.462","0.490""15",,"0.214","0.280","0.345","0.409","0.468","(0.499)","0.529""16",,"0.228","0.300","0.370","0.438","0.503","(0.536)","0.568""(17)",,"0.244","0.320","0.395","0.468","0.537","0.573","0.608""18",,"0.258","0.340","0.419","0.497","0..572","(0.610)","0.647","(0.717)","(0.789)""(19)",,"0.274","0.359","0.444","0.527","0

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在20-40吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。　　　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。　　　　简单来说，冷轧，是在热轧板卷的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧---酸洗---冷轧这样的加工过程。　　　　冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由于热轧经过连续冷变型而成的冷轧，在机械性能比较差，硬度太高。必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。　　　　冷轧一般都会经过退火处理。

冷轧薄钢板，简称冷轧钢板、冷轧薄板、冷轧板、冷板等。它还包括不锈钢板、弹簧钢板、硬钢片、镀锌板、镀锡板、镀铝板等。冷轧薄钢带，简称冷轧钢带、冷轧带钢、钢带、带钢、薄钢带、冷轧卷等。还包括不锈钢带、镀锌钢带、镀锡钢带等。 冷轧钢板标准 冷轧薄钢板、钢带（以下简称冷轧薄板）主要用于零件的冲压加工，而冷轧薄板的力学性能十分重要，它直接关系到板材的冲压性能。冷轧薄板是以不同的热处理状态分级的，不同硬度的材料，用于不同的加工方法，国家标准GB/T 13237-1991《优质碳素结构钢冷轧薄钢板和钢带》将冷轧薄板大致分为三级，P级用于普通冲压，S级用于深度冲压，Z级用于最深度冲压。中国冶金标准YB/T 5059-1993《低碳钢冷轧钢带》将薄钢板按硬度分为五级，即：TR（特级）、R（软）、BR（半软）、DY（低硬）和Y（冷硬）。其实通过一定的冷轧变形程度和冷轧后热处理的恰当配合，可以在广泛的范围内满足用户关于材料力学性能方面的要求。冷轧薄板根据用户加工上的要求可以分成更多的级别。例如：日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》的分类除分为一般用（spcc）、冲压用(spcd)和深冲压用（spce）三类外，还细分为退火、标准调质、1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬、全硬等级别。 在冷轧薄板力学性能的检测方面，一些标准只规定了拉伸试验，另一些标准除拉伸试验外还规定了硬度试验。 中国标准GB/T 13237-1991就只规定了拉伸试验，技术要求冷轧钢板标准如表一所示：牌号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率不小于拉延级别Z－S和PZSP08F275～365275～38034323008,08Al,10F275～390275～41032302810295～410295～43030392815F315～430315～45029282715335～450335～47027262520355～490335～50026252425——390～540——242330——440～590——222135——490～635——201940——510～650————1845——530～680————1650——540～715————14 日本标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》（该标准中包含了冷轧薄钢板和钢带）规定了拉伸试验，也规定了硬度试验，该标准的力学性能要求如下：表二：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的拉伸试验质牌号抗拉强度/MPa 不小于 伸长率/%不小于试样按以下公称厚度/mm>=0.250.250.400.601.01.6>=2.5SPCC SPCD SPCE(270) 270 270(32) 34 36(34) 36 3836 38 40　 37 39 41 　　 (38) 40 42 　39 41 435号试样轧制方向 表三：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的硬度值。调质区分符号 硬度最大HRBHV退火A57105标准调质S65115 注：厚度小于0.6mm的钢板和钢带，原则上不进行拉伸试验。 表四：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬材料的拉伸试验值。调质区分 符号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率/%最小试样1/8硬8294～410255号试样轧制方向1/4硬4370～490101/2硬2440～590——硬1>=550——     表五：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬状态的硬度值。调质区分符号HRBHV1/8硬 1/4硬8450～7165～8095～130 115～1501/2硬 硬2174～89 ≥85135～185 ≥170注：HRB和HV，仅选用其中之一。英国标准BS 1449/1.9-1991《厚板、薄板和钢带第一部分：碳素钢和碳锰钢厚板、薄板和钢带具有成形性能的冷轧窄钢带技术条件》对冷轧板分级为CS1（铝镇静稳定化超深冲）、CS2（超深冲）、CS3（深冲）、CS4（折边）、CS15（商品级）。这项标准的力学性能要求如表六所示： 表六：钢材交货时的力学性能轧制状态和级别退火（A）或平整冷轧（SP）状态硬度HV1)2)最大屈服强度Re1)/MPa最小抗拉强度Rm1)/MPa最小伸长率A1)/%最小弯心直径1)（180°弯曲）原始标距LO50mm80mmCS1A9514027038（36）0aSP10514027036（34）0aCS2A9514027036（34）0a SP10014027036（34）0aCS3A100（140）（280）（34）（32）0aSP110（140）（280）（34）（32）0aCS4A105（140）（280）——0aSP115（140）（280）——0a 注：1）窄钢带交货应符合，或者硬度和弯曲试验，或者拉伸和弯曲试验，但硬度和拉伸试验不应同时进行。     2）对于SP（平整冷轧）状态，与镀层精整（PL）或镜面光洁度（MF），或以“无拉伸痕”交货的钢材组合，最大硬度可以提高5个HV或抗拉强度可以提高20MPa。     3）牌号CS2、CS3和CS4的硬度值仅适用于沸腾钢。 如上所述冷轧薄板的力学性能可以通过拉伸试验来检测，也可以通过硬度试验来检测。由于硬度试验设备简单、易于掌握，试验效率高，并且金属硬度与强度之间有一定的对应关系，所以硬度检测是确定材料力学性能的更方便的方法。冷轧薄板的硬度检测可以用于冷轧板生产过程的质量控制，更适于生产冲压产品的厂家对原材料进行力学性能的复检。 日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996规定的硬度试验是洛氏硬度HRB和维氏硬度HV。维氏硬度试验可用于冷轧薄板，但洛氏硬度HRB却不适用于测试薄板材料。因为当板材厚度小于2mm时，测试HRB硬度可能会因为发生“测砧效应”而使测量的硬度值失准。对于薄板材料，可以测试表面洛氏硬度HRN或HRT，然后换算成HRB或HV硬度。冷轧钢板标准生产了一种便携式表面洛氏硬度计，它非常适合测试薄板和钢带材料，它可以在生产现场、销售现场或材料仓库快速进行冷轧薄板材料的洛氏硬度检测，完成一次测量仅需要10秒钟时间，检测的板材厚度范围为0.05-50mm。这种仪器可以用在冷轧薄板带的生产线上，对产品的热处理效果进行在线的质量控制。这种仪器更适用于冲压产品的生产厂家。可以用它对购入的板材硬度进行复检，可以携带它去钢材市场选购材料，也可以利用它对自己厂生产的冲压产品进行硬度检测。 这种仪器如果配上一个支承座，还可以放到办公桌上使用。可以对成批的成品或半成品工件做逐件检测。它的测试精度与台式洛氏硬度计相同。 目前冷轧薄带材料正在向超薄方向发展，据报道，上海宝钢已扎制出厚度为0.08mm的冷轧薄板带材。采用本所生产的PHR-1S型表面洛氏硬度计，配一个金刚点砧座，就可测试薄至0.05mm冷轧薄板带材料的硬度。 这种应用完全可以取代维氏硬度计，使冷轧薄板材料的力学性能检测实现快速、简便、经济。

冷轧镀锌板，是一种镀锌钢板。钢板按轧制分为热轧和冷轧两种。冷轧板是平板状的，矩形的，可直接轧制而成的。冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧和热轧的区别： 1、冷轧成型钢允许截面出现局部屈曲，从而可以充分利用杆件屈曲后的承载力；而热轧型钢不允许截面发生局部屈曲。2、热轧型钢和冷轧型钢残余应力产生的原因不同，所以截面上的分布也有很大差异。冷弯薄壁型钢截面上的残余应力分布是弯曲型的，而热扎型钢或焊接型钢截面上残余应力分布是薄膜型。3、热轧型钢的自由扭转刚度比冷轧型钢高，所以热轧型钢的抗扭性能要优于冷轧型钢。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。冷轧镀锌板用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及 产业 设备、各种建筑材料。

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板。冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，冷轧钢板的密度不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。冷轧钢板的密度：热轧钢板含碳量可比冷轧钢板略高些。在成份相持不大的情况下密度是一样的。但如果成份相差悬殊，如不锈钢不论冷轧、热轧密度都在7.9g/cm3左右。具体还要看成份，热轧只是延展性更好，钢材同样受到压力作用

冷轧板卷是以热轧卷为原料，在室温下在再结晶温度以下进行轧制而成，包括板和卷，国内众多钢厂如宝钢、武钢、鞍钢等均可以生产。其中成张交货的称为钢板，也称盒板或平板；长度很长、成卷交货的称为钢带，也称卷板。 生产过程中由于不进行加热，所以不存在热轧常出现的麻点和氧化铁皮等缺陷，表面质量好、光洁度高。而且冷轧产品的尺寸精度高，产品的性能和组织能满足一些特殊的使用要求，如电磁性能、深冲性能等。  　　规格：厚度为0.2-4mm，宽度为600-2 000mm，钢板长度为1 200-6 000mm。  　　牌号：Q195A-Q235A、Q195AF-Q235AF、Q295A(B)-Q345 A(B)；SPCC、SPCD、SPCE、ST12-15;DC01-06  　　性能：主要采用低碳钢牌号，要求具有良好的冷弯和焊接性能，以及一定的冲压性能。 钢号规格（厚*宽*长）冷轧板规格板0.4*1000*C0.5*1250*C0.35*1000*C 1.0*1000*C0.7*1020*C0.3*1000*C 0.4*1000*C1.5*1000*C2.5*1000*C 2.5*1000*C2.0*1250*C1.5*1250*C 1.0*1250*C1.0*1000*C1.0*1000*2000 1.2*1000*20001.5*1000*20000.5*1000*C 2.0*1000*20003.0*1000*20001.0*1250*2000 1.0*1250*25001.2*1250*20001.2*1250*2500 1.5*1250*20001.5*1250*20002.0*1250*2000 2.0*1250*25002.5*1250*20002.5*1250*2500 3.0*1250*20003.0*1250*25001.0*1250*2500 0.35*1000*20000.4*1000*20000.45*1000*2000 0.5*1000*20000.6*1000*20000.7*1000*2000 0.8*1000*20002.0*1000*20001.2*1000*2000 1.5*1000*20001.0*1250*2000

（二）电工用冷轧硅钢薄板（GB2521-88）  　　用含硅0.8％-4.8％的电工硅钢为材质，经冷轧而成。  　　冷轧硅钢片分晶粒无取向和晶粒取向两种钢带。冷轧电工钢带具有表面平整、厚度均匀、叠装系数高、冲片性好等特点，且比热轧电工钢带磁感高、铁损低。用冷带代替热轧带制造电机或变压器，其重量和体积可减少0％-25％。若用冷轧取向带，性能更佳，用它代替热轧带或低档次冷轧带，可减少变压器电能消耗量45％-50％，且变压器工作性能更可靠。  　　用于制造电机和变压器。通常，晶粒无取向冷轧带用作电机或焊接变压器等的状态；晶粒取向冷轧带用作电源变压器、脉冲变压器和磁放大器等的铁芯。  　　钢板规格尺寸：厚度为0.35、0.50、0.65mm，宽度为800-1000mm，长度为≤2.0m。

冷轧板带用途很广，如汽车制造、电气产品、机车车辆、航空、精密仪表、食品罐头等。 　　冷轧薄钢板是普通碳素结构钢冷轧板的简称，也称冷轧板，俗称冷板，有时会被误写成冷扎板。冷板是由普通碳素结构钢热轧钢带，经过进一步冷轧制成厚度小于4mm的钢板。由于在常温下轧制，不产生氧化铁皮，因此，冷板表面质量好，尺寸精度高，再加之退火处理，其机械性能和工艺性能都优于热轧薄钢板，在许多领域里，特别是家电制造领域，已逐渐用它取代热轧薄钢板。 　　适用牌号：Q195、Q215、Q235、Q275；SPCC（日本牌号）；ST12（德国牌号） 　　符号：冷轧板的用途 　　1、Q—普通碳素结构钢屈服点（极限）的代号，它是“屈”的第一个汉语拼音字母的大小写；195、215、235、255、275—分别表示它们屈服点（极限）的数值，单位：兆帕MPa（N/mm2）；由于Q235钢的强度、塑性、韧性和焊接性等综合机械性能在普通碳素结构钢中属最了，能较好地满足一般的使用要求，所以应用范围十分广泛。 　　2、S-钢（Steel）、P-板（Plate）、C-冷轧（cold）、第四位C-普通级（common）。 　　3、ST-钢（Steel）、12-普通级冷轧薄钢板、　 　　标记：尺寸精度—尺寸—钢板品种标准 　　冷轧钢板：钢号—技术条件标准 　　标记示例：B-0.57501500-GB708-88；钢板、标准号Q/BQB402，牌号SPCC，热处理状态退火+平整（S），表央加工状态为麻面D，表面质量为FB级的切边（切边EC，不切边EM）钢板、厚度0.5mm，B级精度，宽度1000mm，A级精度，长度2000mm，A级精度，不平度精度为PF.A，则标记为：钢板ECQ/BQB 402-SPCC-SD-FB/（0.51000A2000A-PF.A）； 　　冷轧钢板：Q225-GB912-89 　　主要产地有：宝钢、鞍钢、本钢、武钢、邯钢、包钢、唐钢、涟钢、济钢等 　　冷轧普通薄钢板 ：由普通碳素结构钢或低合金结构钢冷轧制成。冷轧板表面质量较好。具有良好的冲压性能。对其要求要保证冷弯和杯试验合格，常用于汽车等行业和镀层板的原料。 　　冷轧优质薄钢板：主要包括各种优质钢冷轧薄板，最常用的是碳素结构钢板，尤其是深冲压用冷轧薄钢板，是由低碳优质钢08Al冷轧的薄板，钢板按表面质量分为三组；Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ，分别表示特别高级、高级、较高的精整表面,按拉延级别分为ZF、HF、F级（代表用于冲制拉延最复杂、很复杂、复杂的零件）,根据钢板厚度允许偏差，又分为A、B两级精度、广泛用于汽车拖拉机工业。 　　冷轧钢板，表面光洁，加工优良，用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及产业设备、各种建筑材料。随着经济发展，冷轧钢板已被称为现代社会的必须材料。 冷轧产品的分类： 热轧酸洗、轧硬卷、普通冷轧、镀锌（电镀锌、耐指纹、热镀锌）、镀铝锌、电镀锡、彩涂、电工钢（矽钢片）等。 　　1、热轧酸洗：　　2、轧 硬 卷：在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。

冷 轧 产 品 品 名        材 质碳 结 板    SPCC、St12、DC01、Q235AB优结钢板   20-45#、08-15#优质碳素钢    08AL低碳深冲板    SC1、SPCE、ST14、DC04 超深冲板  SC2、St15、DC05、SC3、St16、DC06、St17耐腐蚀钢   05CuPCrNi、09CuPCrNi、Q345GNHL 低碳冲压钢   SPCD、ST13、DC03深 冲 板   SPCEN参照： （一）冲压用冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 1、一般冲压用钢：BLC B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；L——低碳（Low Carbon）；C——一般用（Commercial） 2、抗时效性低屈服钢：BLD B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；L——低碳（Low Carbon）；D——冲压用（Drawing） 3、非时效性极深冲用钢：BUFD（BUSD） B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；U——超级（Ultra）；F——成型（Formability）； D——冲压（Drawing） 4、非时效性超深冲用钢：BSUFD B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；SU——超高级（Ultra+Super）；F——成型（Formability）； D——冲压（Drawing） （二）冷成型用高强度冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 B ××× × × B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；×××——最小屈服点值； ×——一般用V、X、Y、Z表示 V：高强度低合金，屈服点与抗拉强度差值无规定 X：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别70MPa Y：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别100MPa Z：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别140MPa ×——氧化物/硫化物夹杂控制（K：镇静、细晶粒；F：K+硫化物控制；O：K、F外） 例：B240ZK、B340VK （三）抗凹陷性冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 B ××× × × B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写 ×××——最小屈服点值 ×——强化方式（P：强化；H：烘烤硬化） ×——由1或2表示（1：超低碳；2：低碳） 築210P1：深冲压用高强度钢；B250P2：一般加工用含磷高强度钢；B180H1：深冲用烘烤硬化钢

28日国内不锈钢冷轧上涨幅度在500元左右。据信息研究中心商场监测显现，北京区域，冷卷304/2B的0.5-3.0mm报价在3.20-3.33万元左右(吨价，下同)；热板304/No.1太钢6mm-20mm价位在2.78-3.75万元之间；321圆钢报价在4.70-5.10万元，2Cr13、3Cr13报价在0.94万元左右。佛山区域，冷卷304/2B 0.4-3.0mm张浦报价在3.18-3.33万元左右；无锡区域，冷卷304/2B报价张浦0.4-3.0mm报价在3.32-3.43万元，太钢0.5-3.0mm报价在3.25-3.48万元左右。现商场上仍无会集到货，资源继续严重，报价调高后成交状况欠安。商场304冷轧卷报价较9月出厂报价已高出500元左右，在消费旺季降临、商场库存量不大等有利要素的状况下，部分供应商对后市达观。.

铝合金通常使用铜、锌、锰、硅、镁等合金元素，20世纪初由德国人Alfred Wilm发明，对飞机发展帮助极大，一次大战后德国铝合金成分被列为 国家机密 。跟普通的碳钢相比有更轻及耐腐蚀的性能，但抗腐蚀性不如纯铝。在干净、干燥的环境下铝合金的表面会形成保护的氧化层。造成电偶腐蚀（Galvanic corrosion）加速的情况有：铝合金与不銹钢接触的情况、其他金属的腐蚀电位比铝合金低或是在潮湿的环境下。如果铝和不銹钢要一同使用必须在有water-containing systems或是户外安装两金属间电子或电解隔离。铝合金的成分需要向美国铝业协会（Aluminium Association，AA）注册。许多组织公布更具体制造铝合金的标准，包括美国汽车工程协会（Society of Automotive Engineers，SAE）特别是航空标准，还有美国材料试验协会（American Society for Testing and Materials，ASTM）。铝合金是工业中应用最广泛的一类有色金属结构材料，在航空、航天、汽车、机械制造、船舶  铝合金及化学工业中已大量应用。随着近年来科学技术以及工业经济的飞速发展，对铝合金焊接结构件的需求日益增多，使铝合金的焊接性研究也随之深入。铝合金的广泛应用促进了铝合金焊接技术的发展，同时焊接技术的发展又拓展了铝合金的应用领域，因此铝合金的焊接技术正成为研究的热点之一。 　　纯铝的密度小（ρ=2.7g/cm3），大约是铁的 1/3，熔点低（660℃），铝是面心立方结构，故具有很高的塑性（δ:32~40%，ψ:70~90%），易于加工，可制成各种型材、板材。抗腐蚀性能好；但是纯铝的强度很低，退火状态 σb 值约为8kgf/mm2，故不宜作结构材料。通过长期的生产实践和科学实验，人们逐渐以加入合金元素及运用热处理等方法来强化铝，这就得到了一系列的铝合金。添加一定元素形成的合金在保持纯铝质轻等优点的同时还能具有较高的强度，σb 值分别可达 24～60kgf/mm2。这样使得其“比强度”（强度与比重的比值 σb/ρ）胜过很多合金钢，成为理想的结构材料，广泛用于机械制造、运输机械、动力机械及航空工业等方面，飞机的机身、蒙皮、压气机等常以铝合金制造，以减轻自重。采用铝合金代替钢板材料的焊接，结构重量可减轻50%以上。

铝合金化学成分: 硅 镁 铁 铜 锰 锌 铬 钛 其它   铝合金分两大类：一为铸造铝合金，有铝硅系、铝铜系、铝镁系、铝锌系合金。二为变形铝合金，其中又分为两类：热处理不强化型铝合金，有铝锰系、铝镁系合金；热处理强化型铝合金，有铝镁硅系、铝铜镁系、铝铜镁锌系等。

铝合金是工业中应用最广泛的一类 有色金属 结构材料，在航空、航天、汽车、机械制造、船舶及化学工业中已大量应用。随着近年来科学技术以及工业经济的飞速发展，对铝合金焊接结构件的需求日益增多，使铝合金的焊接性研究也随之深入。铝合金的广泛应用促进了铝合金焊接技术的发展，同时焊接技术的发展又拓展了铝合金的应用领域，因此铝合金的焊接技术正成为研究的热点之一。铝合金密度低，但强度比较高，接近或超过优质钢，塑性好，可加工成各种型材，具有优良的导电性、导热性和抗蚀性，工业上广泛使用，使用量仅次于钢。铝合金电镀工艺：铝合金压铸件毛坯→毛坯检验→机械抛光→汽油或三氯乙烯除油→凉干→上夹具→化学除油及碱腐蚀→温水清洗→冷水洗→流水中清洗→酸蚀→水洗→流水中清洗→浸H·S·F溶液→水洗→流水清洗→镀光亮镍(最好带电入槽)→水洗→流水中清洗→5%H2SO4溶液中活化→水洗→流水中清洗→镀枪黑色→水洗→流水中清洗→化学钝化→水洗→流水中清洗→烘干(5～10分钟)→下夹具→检验→浸漆或喷漆。国内枪黑色电镀工艺大都是锡镍合金镀层，也有锡钴合金镀层。其镀液有3种类型:氟化物型、氰化物型、焦磷酸盐型，从环保安全考虑，我们选择焦磷酸盐型枪黑色电镀工艺。铝合金电镀的镀后处理：铝合金压铸件枪黑色电镀后，必须立即水洗，并钝化、烘干。钝化能提高镀层抗蚀能力，在烘箱中烘干的过程就是镀层坚膜的过程。 

6063铝合金的融化温度是655度以上，6063铝型材挤压温度是棒温490-510，挤压筒420-450，一般来说，每个挤型材的温度设计都不一样的，但大概都是在这个范围：模温470-490，根据自身的状况来设定。    6063铝主要合金元素为镁与硅，具有极佳的加工性能、优良的可焊接性、挤出性及电镀性、良好的抗腐蚀性、韧性，易于抛光、上色膜，阳极氧化效果优良，是典型的挤压合金。    6063铝合金型材以其良好的塑性、适中的热处理强度、良好的焊接性能以及阳极氧化处理后，表面华丽的色泽等诸多优点而被广泛应用于建筑型材、灌溉管材、供车辆、台架、家具、升降机、栅栏等用的管、棒、型材。    6063铝合金的国家标准：GB/T 3191-1998。属于Al-Mg-Si系合金,使用范围广泛,特别是建筑业离不开此合金，是最有前途的合金。耐蚀性好，焊接性优良，冷加工性较好，并具有中等强度。    6063铝合金性能：    抗拉强度 σb (MPa)：130～230 　　    6063的极限抗拉强度为124 MPa 　　    受拉屈服强度 55.2 MPa 　　    延伸率25.0 % 　　    弹性系数68.9 GPa     弯曲极限强度228 MPa Bearing Yield Strength 103 MPa 　　    泊松比0.330 　　    疲劳强度 62.1 MPa　 　　    固溶温度是：520℃[4] 　　    退火温度为：415℃×(2-3)h以28℃/h降温速度从415℃冷至260℃ 　　    熔化温度：615～655℃ 　　    比热容：900    6063铝合 金属 低合金化的Al-Mg-Si系高塑性合金。具有诸多可贵特点：    1.热处理强化，冲击韧性高，对缺可不敏感。    2.有极好的热塑性，可以高速挤压成结构复杂.薄壁.中空的各种型材或锻造成结构复杂的锻件，淬火温度范围宽，淬火敏感性低，挤压和锻造脱模后，只要温度高于淬火温度。即可用喷水或穿水的方法淬火。薄壁件（6<3mm）还可以实行风淬。    3.焊接性能和耐蚀性优良，无应力腐蚀开裂倾向，在热处理可强化型铝合金中，Al-Mg-Si系合金是唯一没有发现应力腐蚀开裂现象的合金。4.加工后表面十分光洁，且容易阳极氧化和着色。其缺点是淬火后若在室温停放一段时间在时效，会对强度带来不利影响（停放效应）。    6063铝合金广泛用于建筑铝门窗、幕墙的框架，为了保证门窗、幕墙具有高的抗风压性能、装配性能、耐蚀性能和装饰性能，对铝合金型材综合性能的要求远远高于工业型材标准。 在国家标准GB/T3190中规定的6063铝合金成分范围内，对化学成分的取值不同，会得到不同的材质特性，当化学成分的范围很大时，其性能差异会在很大范围内波动，以致型材的综合性能会无法控制。因此，优选6063铝合金的化学成分成为生产优质铝合金建筑型材的最重要的一环。 合金元素的作用及其对性能的影响 6063铝合金是AL-Mg-Si系中具有中等强度的可热处理强化合金，Mg和Si是主要合金元素，优选化学成分的主要工作是确定Mg和Si的百分含量。 

5083铝合 金属 于Al-Mg-Si系合金。    5083铝合金耐蚀性好，焊接性优良，冷加工性较好，并具有中等强度。5083的主要合金元素为镁，具有良好的成形加工性能、抗蚀性、焊接性，中等强度，用于制造飞机油箱、油管、以及交通车辆、船舶的钣金件，仪表、街灯支架与铆钉、五金制品、电器外壳等。    AL-Mn系合金，是应用最广的一种防锈铝，这种合金的强度高，特别是具有抗疲劳强度：塑性与耐腐蚀性高，不能热处理强化，，在半冷作硬化时塑性尚好，冷作硬化时塑性低，耐腐蚀好，焊接性良好，可切削性能不良，可抛光。用途主要用于要求高的可塑性和良好的焊接性，在液体或气体介质中工作的低载荷零件，如邮箱，汽油或润滑油导管，各种液体容器和其他用深拉制作的小负荷零件：线材用来做铆钉。    美国铝业协会（AA）对变形铝及铝合金的牌号表示方法，既四位数字代号表示方法，早在1957被接纳为美国国家标准（ANSIH35.1），美国主要的铝材生产企业逐渐都采用这种牌号表示方法，以后，美国军用标准（MIL），美国汽车工程师协会（SAE），美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）等都相继采用，还在推广到其他国家。1970年又以AA标准的这套四位数字代号为基础，产生了变形铝及铝合金的国际四位数字体系牌号，简称为IDS。由此，AA标准的变形铝及铝合金部分也成为国际性标准。    5083铝合金的使用范围广泛,特别是建筑业，是最有前途的合金。 

3003铝合金是应用最广的一种防锈铝    3003铝合金力学性能： 　　    抗拉强度 σb (MPa) ) 140-180 　　    条件屈服强度 σ0.2 (MPa) )≥115 　　    试样尺寸：所有壁厚 　　    注：管材室温纵向力学性能    3003铝合金主要特征及应用范围：为AL-Mn系合金，这种合金的强度不高（稍高于工业纯铝），不能热处理强化，故采用冷加工方法来提高它的力学性能：在退火状态有很高的塑性，在半冷作硬化时塑性尚好，冷作硬化时塑性低，耐腐蚀好，焊接性良好，可切削性能不良。用途主要用于要求高的可塑性和良好的焊接性，在液体或气体介质中工作的低载荷零件，如油箱，汽油或润滑油导管，各种液体容器和其他用深拉制作的小负荷零件：线材用来做铆钉。    3003铝合金成分主要是铝和锰。具体的：    硅Si：0.60 　　    铁Fe: 0.70 　　    铜Cu：0.05-0.20 　　    锰Mn：1.0-1.5 　　    锌Zn：0..10 　　    铝Al：余量    铝的密度很小，仅为2.7 g/cm，虽然它比较软，但可制成各种铝合金，如硬铝、超硬铝、防锈铝、铸铝等。这些铝合金广泛应用于飞机、汽车、火车、船舶等制造工业。此外，宇宙火箭、航天飞机、人造卫星也使用大量的铝及其铝合金。例如，一架超音速飞机约由70%的铝及其铝合金构成。船舶建造中也大量使用铝，一艘大型客船的用铝量常达几千吨。    铝的导电性仅次于银、铜，虽然它的导电率只有铜的2/3，但密度只有铜的1/3，所以输送同量的电，铝线的质量只有铜线的一半。铝表面的氧化膜不仅有耐腐蚀的能力，而且有一定的绝缘性，所以铝在电器制造工业、电线电缆工业和无线电工业中有广泛的用途。    3003铝合金常应用在外包装，机械部件，冰箱，空调通风管道等潮湿环境下，该产品具有良好的防锈能力。    3003铝合金的国家标准(GB/T 3880-2006)，适用于铝合金板带材料的统一标准。 

    2024铝合金的密度为2.73 g/cm3; (0.098 lb/in3)。       2024，国内通常叫做2A12，相当于LY12，通用的板材标准为AMS-QQ-A-250/4（非包铝）；AMS-QQ-A-  2024铝合金250/5（包铝），2024的合金元素为铜，被称为硬铝，具有很高的强度和良好的切削加工性能，但耐腐蚀性较差。广泛应用于飞机结构（蒙皮、骨架、肋梁、隔框等）、铆钉、导弹构件、卡车轮毂、螺旋桨元件及其他各种结构件，为Al-Cu-Mg系。    2024铝为铝－铜－镁系中的典型硬 铝合金，其成份比较合理，综合性能较好。很多国家都生产这个合金，是硬铝中用量最大的。温度高于125°C，2024合金的强度比7075合金的还高。热状态、退火和新淬火状态下成形性能都比较好，热处理强化效果显著，但热处理工艺要求严格。抗蚀性较差，但用纯铝包覆可以得到有效保护;焊接时易产生裂纹，但采用特殊工艺可以焊接，也可以铆接。广泛用于飞机结构、铆钉、卡车轮毂、螺旋桨元件及其他种种结构件。   2024铝合金由于有高强度和好疲劳强度，被广泛应用在航空器结构上，尤其是机翼与机身结构下的受到张力的地方。　    2024铝的特点是：强度高，有一定的耐热性，可用作150°C以下的工作零件。    2024铝合金的热处理工艺:状态、退火和新淬火状态下成形性能都比较好，热处理强化效果显著，但热处理工艺要求严格。抗蚀性较差，但用纯铝包覆可以得到有效保护;焊接时易产生裂纹，但采用特殊工艺可以焊接，也可以铆接。 

6061铝合 金属 于Al-Mg-Si系合金，中等强度，具有良好的塑性和优良的耐蚀性。特别是无应力腐蚀开裂倾向，其焊接性优良，耐蚀性及冷加工性好，是一种使用范围广.很有前途的合金。可阳极氧化着色，也可涂漆上珐琅，适应作建筑装饰材料。其含有少量Cu，因而强度高于6063的，但淬火敏感性也比6063高，挤压之后不能实现风淬，需要重新固溶处理和淬火时效，才能获得较高的强度。    6061铝合金的主要合金元素是镁与硅，并形成Mg2Si相。若含有一定量的锰与铬，可以中和铁的坏作用；有时还添加少量的铜或锌，以提高合金的强度，而又不使其抗蚀性有明显降低；导电材料中还有少量的铜，以抵销钛及铁对导电性的不良影响；锆或钛能细化晶粒与控制再结晶组织；为了改善可切削性能，可加入铅与铋。在Mg2Si固溶于铝中，使合金有人工时效硬化功能。6061铝合金中的主要合金元素为镁与硅，具有中等强度、良好的抗腐蚀性、可焊接性，氧化效果较好。    美铝6061-T651是6系合金的主要合金，是经热处理预拉伸工艺的高品质铝合金产品；美铝6061具有加工性能极佳、良好的抗腐蚀性、韧性高及加工后不变形、上色膜容易、氧化效果极佳等优良特点。　主要用途:广泛应用于要求有一定强度和抗蚀性高的各种工业结构件，如制造卡车、塔式建筑、船舶、电车、铁道车辆。    代表用途包括航天固定装置、电器固定装置、通讯领域，也广泛应用于自动化机械零件、精密加工、模具制造、电子及精密仪器、SMT、PC板焊锡载具等等。    6061铝合金的热处理工艺是1)_快速退火：加热温度350～410℃;随材料有效厚度的不同，保温时间在30～120min之间;空气或水冷。2）高温退火：加热温度350～500℃;成品厚度≥6mm时，保温时间为10～30min、＜6mm时，热透为止;空气冷。3）低温退火：加热温度150～250℃;保温时间为2～3h;空气或水冷。 

  铝合金的加工工艺,硅对硬质合金有腐蚀作用。虽然一般将超过12%Si的铝合金称为高硅铝合金，推荐使用金刚石刀具，但这不是绝对的，硅含量逐渐增多对刀具的破坏力也逐渐加大。因此有些厂商在硅含量超过8%时就推荐使用金刚石刀具。 　　    硅含量在8%-12%之间的铝合金是一个过渡区间，既可以使用普通硬质合金，也可以使用金刚石刀具。但使用硬质合金应使用经PVD(物理镀层)方法、不含铝元素的、膜层厚度较小的刀具。因为PVD方法和小的膜层厚度使刀具保持较锋利的切削刃成为可能(否则为避免膜层在刃口处异常长大需要对刃口进行足够的钝化，切铝合金就会不够锋利)，而膜层材料含铝可能使刀片膜层与工件材料发生亲合作用而破坏膜层与刀具基体的结合。因为目前的超硬镀层多为铝、氮、钛三者的化合物，可能会因硬质合金基体随膜层剥落时少量剥落造成崩刃。     铝合金是工业中应用最广泛的一类 有色金属 结构材料，在航空、航天、汽车、机械制造、船舶及化学工业中已大量应用。随着近年来科学技术以及工业经济的飞速发展，对铝合金焊接结构件的需求日益增多，使铝合金的焊接性研究也随之深入。铝合金的广泛应用促进了铝合金焊接技术的发展，同时焊接技术的发展又拓展了铝合金的应用领域，因此铝合金的焊接技术正成为研究的热点之一。 　 　纯铝的密度小（ρ=2.7g/m3），大约是铁的 1/3，熔点低（660℃），铝是面心立方结构，故具有很高的塑性（δ:32~40%，ψ:70~90%），易于加工，可制成各种型材、板材。抗腐蚀性能好；但是纯铝的强度很低，退火状态 σb 值约为8kgf/mm2，故不宜作结构材料。通过长期的生产实践和科学实验，人们逐渐以加入合金元素及运用热处理等方法来强化铝，这就得到了一系列的铝合金。 添加一定元素形成的合金在保持纯铝质轻等优点的同时还能具有较高的强度，σb 值分别可达 24～60kgf/mm2。这样使得其“比强度”（强度与比重的比值 σb/ρ）胜过很多合金钢，成为理想的结构材料，广泛用于机械制造、运输机械、动力机械及航空工业等方面，飞机的机身、蒙皮、压气机等常以铝合金制造，以减轻自重。采用铝合金代替钢板材料的焊接，结构重量可减轻50%以上。       更多有关铝合金加工请详见于上海 有色 网

稀土铝合金稀土铝合金是在铝合金中加入微量稀土元素，可以显著改善铝合金的金相组织，细化晶粒，去除铝合金中气体和有害杂质，减少铝合金的裂纹源，从而提高铝合金的强度，改善加工性能，还能改善铝合金的耐热性、可塑性及可锻性，提高硬度、增加强度和韧性。稀土元素的加入使得稀土铝合金成为一种性能优良、用途广泛的新型材料，目前稀土铝合金的 产量 已近全国铝 产量 的1／4。稀土元素在铝合金中的作用稀土元素非常活泼，极易与气体(如氢)、非 金属(如硫)及 金属 作用，生成相应的稳定化合物。稀土元素的原子半径大于常见的 金属 如铅、镁等，在这些 金属 中的固溶度极低，几乎不能形成固溶体。一般认为，稀土元素加入到铝合金中可起到微合金化的作用；此外，它与氢等气体和许多非 金属 有较强的亲和力，能生成熔点高的化合物，故它有一定的除氢、精炼、净化作用；同时，稀土元素化学活性极强，它可以在长大的晶粒界面上选择性地吸附，阻碍晶粒的生长，结果导致晶粒细化，有变质的作用。稀土铝合金的应用由于稀土独特的物理、化学性质开发出了众多的含稀土的合金材料，不但大量用于军事工业、农业、轻工业、手工业和交通运输业，也广泛用作建筑材料、家庭生活用具和体育用品等。稀土铝合金能大大提高合金的强度、硬度、韧性，还会使表面氧化膜结构发生变化，从而使产品表面光亮、美观，提高产品的耐腐蚀性能。目前我国在民用铝制品工业中已用来制造洗衣机内缸等。以上是稀土铝合金介绍,更多信息请详见上海 有色金属 网。

铝合金价的关注源于它的需求，铝合金的需求在目前而言还是非常巨大的。是由于它的性质可用于多种情况下。且发展迅速。铝合金密度低，但强度比较高，接近或超过优质钢，塑性好，可加工成各种型材，具有优良的导电性、导热性和抗蚀性，工业上广泛使用，使用量仅次于钢。铝合金分两大类：铸造铝合金，在铸态下使用；变形铝合金，能承受压力加工，。可加工成各种形态、规格的铝合金材。主要用于制造航空器材、建筑用门窗等。铝合金是工业中应用最广泛的一类有色金属结构材料，在航空、航天、汽车、机械制造、船舶及化学工业中已大量应用。随着近年来科学技术以及工业经济的飞速发展，对铝合金焊接结构件的需求日益增多，使铝合金的焊接性研究也随之深入。铝合金的广泛应用促进了铝合金焊接技术的发展，同时焊接技术的发展又拓展了铝合金的应用领域，因此铝合金的焊接技术正成为研究的热点之一。纯铝分冶炼品和压力加工品两类，前者以化学成份Al表示，后者用汉语拼音LU（铝、工业用的）表示。铝和铝合金经加工成一定形状的材料统称铝材，包括板材、带材、箔材、管材、棒材、线材、型材等。更多铝合金价格的查询可登陆上海有色网的铝专区！

稀土 铝合金[有色商机 : 铝合金锭]RE containing aluminium alloy指含稀土 金属 的铝合金，主要是指Al-RE系合金。工业Al-RE系合金主要是含有4.4％～5％稀土的铸造铝合金，如Al-RE-Cu-Si-Mn-Ni-Mg合金，含有多种过渡元素，成分、组织复杂。工作温度可达400℃，是广泛使用的热强性最好的铸造铝合金。室温力学性能低，铸造工艺性能良好，可用于砂型、金属型铸造，生产形状复杂的高温下长期工作的零件，如发动机附机壳体、阀门等。 在铝合金中加入微量稀土元素，可以显著改善铝合金的金相组织，细化晶粒，去除铝合金中气体和有害杂质，减少铝合金的裂纹源，从而提高铝合金的强度，改善加工性能，还能改善铝合金的耐热性、可塑性及可锻性，提高硬度、增加强度和韧性。稀土元素的加入使得稀土铝合金成为一种性能优良、用途广泛的新型材料，目前稀土铝合金的产量已近全国铝产量的1／4。稀土元素非常活泼，极易与气体(如氢)、非金属 (如硫)及金属作用，生成相应的稳定化合物。稀土元素的原子半径大于常见的金属如铅、镁等，在这些金属中的固溶度极低，几乎不能形成固溶体。一般认为，稀土元素加入到铝合金中可起到微合金化的作用；此外，它与氢等气体和许多非金属有较强的亲和力，能生成熔点高的化合物，故它有一定的除氢、精炼、净化作用；同时，稀土元素化学活性极强，它可以在长大的晶粒界面上选择性地吸附，阻碍晶粒的生长，结果导致晶粒细化，有变质的作用。以下就这3方面的作用详细介绍。1.精炼、净化作用稀土元素的脱氧能力比强脱氧剂Al、Mg、Ti等强，微量稀土就能使〔O〕脱到＜lppm(即<10-4％)。稀土的脱硫能力也相当强，可以生成RES或RE2S3，生成物主要取决于稀土与硫的活度或溶解度。稀土元素在金属液中还可以与氧和硫同时发生反应生成RE2O2S型硫化物。稀土元素还能与P、Sn、As等低熔点金属元素化合，生成REP、RESn、REAs等化合物。这些稀土化合物都具有熔点高、比重轻，当它们的熔点高于金属冶炼温度时，能上浮一部分成渣，它们微小的质点则成为铝结晶过程的异质晶核，而留在固态金属内的部分则能降低其危害性。稀土对氢的的吸附力特别大，能大量吸附和溶解氢，稀土与氢的化合物熔点较高，并且弥散分布于铝液中，以化合物形成的氢不会聚集形成气泡，大大降低铝的含氢量和针孔率。2.变质作用变质处理是指在金属及合金中加入少量或微量的变质剂，用以改变合金的结晶条件，使其组织和性能得到改善的过程。变质剂又称晶粒细化剂或孕育剂。稀土元素的原子半径为0.174 ～0.204mm，大于铝原子半径(0.143mm)。稀土元素比较活泼，它熔于铝液中，极易填补合金相的表面缺陷，从而降低新旧两相界面上的表面张力，使得晶核生长的速度增大，同时还在晶粒与合金液之间形成表面活性膜，阻止生成的晶粒长大，使合金的组织细化。此外，铝与稀土形成的化合物在金属液结晶时作为外来的结晶晶核，因晶核数的大量增加而使合金的组织细化。研究表明：稀土对铝合金具有良好的变质效果。例如，合金化的7005铝合金铸锭本身就呈十分细小的组织。同时值得一提的是，稀土的变质作用具有长效及重熔稳定性的特点，比用钠(Na)、锶(Sr)等变质剂具有明显优点。稀土的变质作用只受共晶硅变化的影响。?3.合金化作用? 稀土在铝合金中的强化作用主要有细晶强化、有限固溶强化和稀土化合物的第二相强化等。当稀土加入量不同时，稀土在铝合金中主要以三种形式存在：固熔在基体α(Al)中；偏聚在相界、晶界和枝晶界；固熔在化合物中或以化合物形式存在。当稀土含量较低时(低于0.1％)，稀土主要以前两种形式分布。第一种形式起到了有限固溶强化的作用，第二种形式增加了变形阻力，促进位错增殖，使强度提高。加入稀土后合金的铸态组织中合金晶粒明显减少，二次枝晶间距有可能细化，稀土与Al、Mg、Si等元素形成的金属间化合物呈球状和短棒状分布在晶界或界内，组织中有大量位错分布。当稀土含量大于0.3％?，后一种存在形式开始占主导地位。这时，稀土与合金中的其他元素开始形成许多含稀土元素的新相，同时使第二相的形状、尺寸发生变化，可能使得第二相从长条状等形状转变成短棒状粒子出现，粒子的尺寸也变得比较细小，且呈弥散分布。大部分含稀土元素的第二相都出现了粒子化、球化和细化的特征，这种变化在一定程度上都强化了铝合金。?铝合金加入稀土元素后性能的变化随着稀土元素加入量的增加，铝合金的强度、塑性均有所提高。这主要得益于稀土元素对合金组织的改善以及弥散的稀土化合物强烈的沉淀强化效应等。添加稀土元素可以导致合金断裂过程中裂纹萌生位置与扩展途径发生改变，有利于合金的韧化。同时铝合金中随稀土含量的增加，抗拉强度、硬度提高，而延伸率略有下降。由此可见，伴随稀土的加入，合金的机械性能大有改善。稀土元素的加入也可以改善铝合金的铸造性能。这是因为铁是铝合金中非常有害的杂质，万分之几的Fe就能形成Al+FeAl3的

铝镁合金还有铝锰合金统称为防锈铝，由于两者中间的合金成分都有添加他们防腐功能，铝锰合金代表是3003，3004，3105，铝镁合金依据镁合金的含量的凹凸依次为5005 5252 5251 5050 5052 5754 5083 5056 5086等等。5086铝板典型用处：用于需求有高的抗腐蚀性、杰出的可焊接性和中等强度的场合，比如船只、轿车和飞机板可焊接件；需求严厉防火的压力容器、制冷设备、电视塔、装探设备、交通运输设备、零件、装甲等。 　　 　　5086铝板供货状况：O、H112、H116、H111、H321、H32，H36，H38

稀土铝合金 　　RE containing aluminium alloy 　　泛指含稀土 金属 的铝合金，主要指Al-RE系合金。工业Al-RE系合金主要是含有4.4％～5％稀土的铸造铝合金，如Al-RE-Cu-Si-Mn-Ni-Mg合金，含有多种过渡元素，成分、组织复杂。工作温度可达400℃，是广泛使用的热强性最好的铸造铝合金。室温力学性能低，铸造工艺性能良好，可用于砂型、 金属 型铸造，生产形状复杂的高温下长期工作的零件，如发动机附机壳体、阀门等。1.精炼、净化作用稀土元素的脱氧能力比强脱氧剂Al、Mg、Ti等强，微量稀土就能使〔O〕脱到＜lppm(即<10-4％)。稀土的脱硫能力也相当强，可以生成RES或RE2S3，生成物主要取决于稀土与硫的活度或溶解度。稀土元素在 金属 液中还可以与氧和硫同时发生反应生成RE2O2S型硫化物。稀土元素还能与P、Sn、As等低熔点 金属 元素化合，生成REP、RESn、REAs等化合物。这些稀土化合物都具有熔点高、比重轻，当它们的熔点高于 金属 冶炼温度时，能上浮一部分成渣，它们微小的质点则成为铝结晶过程的异质晶核，而留在固态 金属 内的部分则能降低其危害性。稀土对氢的的吸附力特别大，能大量吸附和溶解氢，稀土与氢的化合物熔点较高，并且弥散分布于铝液中，以化合物形成的氢不会聚集形成气泡，大大降低铝的含氢量和针孔率。2.变质作用变质处理是指在 金属 及合金中加入少量或微量的变质剂，用以改变合金的结晶条件，使其组织和性能得到改善的过程。变质剂又称晶粒细化剂或孕育剂。稀土元素的原子半径为0.174 ～0.204mm，大于铝原子半径(0.143mm)。稀土元素比较活泼，它熔于铝液中，极易填补合金相的表面缺陷，从而降低新旧两相界面上的表面张力，使得晶核生长的速度增大，同时还在晶粒与合金液之间形成表面活性膜，阻止生成的晶粒长大，使合金的组织细化。此外，铝与稀土形成的化合物在 金属 液结晶时作为外来的结晶晶核，因晶核数的大量增加而使合金的组织细化。研究表明：稀土对铝合金具有良好的变质效果。例如，合金化的7005铝合金铸锭本身就呈十分细小的组织。同时值得一提的是，稀土的变质作用具有长效及重熔稳定性的特点，比用钠(Na)、锶(Sr)等变质剂具有明显优点。稀土的变质作用只受共晶硅变化的影响。3.合金化作用稀土在铝合金中的强化作用主要有细晶强化、有限固溶强化和稀土化合物的第二相强化等。当稀土加入量不同时，稀土在铝合金中主要以三种形式存在：固熔在基体α(Al)中；偏聚在相界、晶界和枝晶界；固熔在化合物中或以化合物形式存在。当稀土含量较低时(低于0.1％)，稀土主要以前两种形式分布。第一种形式起到了有限固溶强化的作用，第二种形式增加了变形阻力，促进位错增殖，使强度提高。加入稀土后合金的铸态组织中合金晶粒明显减少，二次枝晶间距有可能细化，稀土与Al、Mg、Si等元素形成的 金属 间化合物呈球状和短棒状分布在晶界或界内，组织中有大量位错分布。当稀土含量大于0.3％，后一种存在形式开始占主导地位。这时，稀土与合金中的其他元素开始形成许多含稀土元素的新相，同时使第二相的形状、尺寸发生变化，可能使得第二相从长条状等形状转变成短棒状粒子出现，粒子的尺寸也变得比较细小，且呈弥散分布。大部分含稀土元素的第二相都出现了粒子化、球化和细化的特征，这种变化在一定程度上都强化了铝合金。稀土铝合金能大大提高合金的强度、硬度、韧性，还会使表面氧化膜结构发生变化，从而使产品表面光亮、美观，提高产品的耐腐蚀性能。目前我国在民用铝制品工业中已用来制造洗衣机内缸等。 

稀土铝合金RE containing aluminium alloy指含稀土 金属 的铝合金，主要是指Al-RE系合金。工业Al-RE系合金主要是含有4.4％～5％稀土的铸造铝合金，如Al-RE-Cu-Si-Mn-Ni-Mg合金，含有多种过渡元素，成分、组织复杂。工作温度可达400℃，是广泛使用的热强性最好的铸造铝合金。室温力学性能低，铸造工艺性能良好，可用于砂型、 金属 型铸造，生产形状复杂的高温下长期工作的零件，如发动机附机壳体、阀门等。 在铝合金中加入微量稀土元素，可以显著改善铝合金的金相组织，细化晶粒，去除铝合金中气体和有害杂质，减少铝合金的裂纹源，从而提高铝合金的强度，改善加工性能，还能改善铝合金的耐热性、可塑性及可锻性，提高硬度、增加强度和韧性。稀土元素的加入使得稀土铝合金成为一种性能优良、用途广泛的新型材料，目前稀土铝合金的 产量 已近全国铝 产量 的1／4。稀土元素非常活泼，极易与气体(如氢)、非 金属(如硫)及 金属 作用，生成相应的稳定化合物。稀土元素的原子半径大于常见的 金属 如铅、镁等，在这些 金属 中的固溶度极低，几乎不能形成固溶体。一般认为，稀土元素加入到铝合金中可起到微合金化的作用；此外，它与氢等气体和许多非 金属 有较强的亲和力，能生成熔点高的化合物，故它有一定的除氢、精炼、净化作用；同时，稀土元素化学活性极强，它可以在长大的晶粒界面上选择性地吸附，阻碍晶粒的生长，结果导致晶粒细化，有变质的作用。以下就这3方面的作用详细介绍。1.精炼、净化作用稀土元素的脱氧能力比强脱氧剂Al、Mg、Ti等强，微量稀土就能使〔O〕脱到＜lppm(即<10-4％)。稀土的脱硫能力也相当强，可以生成RES或RE2S3，生成物主要取决于稀土与硫的活度或溶解度。稀土元素在金属 液中还可以与氧和硫同时发生反应生成RE2O2S型硫化物。稀土元素还能与P、Sn、As等低熔点 金属 元素化合，生成REP、RESn、REAs等化合物。这些稀土化合物都具有熔点高、比重轻，当它们的熔点高于金属冶炼温度时，能上浮一部分成渣，它们微小的质点则成为铝结晶过程的异质晶核，而留在固态 金属 内的部分则能降低其危害性。稀土对氢的的吸附力特别大，能大量吸附和溶解氢，稀土与氢的化合物熔点较高，并且弥散分布于铝液中，以化合物形成的氢不会聚集形成气泡，大大降低铝的含氢量和针孔率。2.变质作用变质处理是指在 金属 及合金中加入少量或微量的变质剂，用以改变合金的结晶条件，使其组织和性能得到改善的过程。变质剂又称晶粒细化剂或孕育剂。稀土元素的原子半径为0.174 ～0.204mm，大于铝原子半径(0.143mm)。稀土元素比较活泼，它熔于铝液中，极易填补合金相的表面缺陷，从而降低新旧两相界面上的表面张力，使得晶核生长的速度增大，同时还在晶粒与合金液之间形成表面活性膜，阻止生成的晶粒长大，使合金的组织细化。此外，铝与稀土形成的化合物在 金属 液结晶时作为外来的结晶晶核，因晶核数的大量增加而使合金的组织细化。研究表明：稀土对铝合金具有良好的变质效果。例如，合金化的7005铝合金铸锭本身就呈十分细小的组织。同时值得一提的是，稀土的变质作用具有长效及重熔稳定性的特点，比用钠(Na)、锶(Sr)等变质剂具有明显优点。稀土的变质作用只受共晶硅变化的影响。3.合金化作用 稀土在铝合金中的强化作用主要有细晶强化、有限固溶强化和稀土化合物的第二相强化等。当稀土加入量不同时，稀土在铝合金中主要以三种形式存在：固熔在基体α(Al)中；偏聚在相界、晶界和枝晶界；固熔在化合物中或以化合物形式存在。当稀土含量较低时(低于0.1％)，稀土主要以前两种形式分布。第一种形式起到了有限固溶强化的作用，第二种形式增加了变形阻力，促进位错增殖，使强度提高。加入稀土后合金的铸态组织中合金晶粒明显减少，二次枝晶间距有可能细化，稀土与Al、Mg、Si等元素形成的金属间化合物呈球状和短棒状分布在晶界或界内，组织中有大量位错分布。当稀土含量大于0.3％，后一种存在形式开始占主导地位。这时，稀土与合金中的其他元素开始形成许多含稀土元素的新相，同时使第二相的形状、尺寸发生变化，可能使得第二相从长条状等形状转变成短棒状粒子出现，粒子的尺寸也变得比较细小，且呈弥散分布。大部分含稀土元素的第二相都出现了粒子化、球化和细化的特征，这种变化在一定程度上都强化了铝合金。铝合金加入稀土元素后性能的变化随着稀土元素加入量的增加，铝合金的强度、塑性均有所提高。这主要得益于稀土元素对合金组织的改善以及弥散的稀土化合物强烈的沉淀强化效应等。添加稀土元素可以导致合金断裂过程中裂纹萌生位置与扩展途径发生改变，有利于合金的韧化。同时铝合金中随稀土含量的增加，抗拉强度、硬度提高，而延伸率略有下降。由此可见，伴随稀

6060与6063铝合金的化学成分、加工性能相近,但不完全一样,二者的区别在于强度，6060是国家标准门窗用铝合金，而6063是国家许可使用的航空铝合金。　　　　6060铝材材料成分　　　　Si：0.3-0.6Fe：0.1-0.3Cu：0.1Mn：0.1Mg：0.35-0.6Cr：--Zn：0.1其他:--Ti：0.15其它合计：0.15Al：余量　　　　性能：　　　　抗拉强度σb(MPa)：≥470　　　　条件屈服强度σ0.2(MPa)：≥420　　　　伸长率δ5(％)：≥6　　　　产品特点：1.高强度可热处理合金。2.良好机械性能。3.可使用性好。4.易于加工，耐磨性好。5.抗腐蚀性能、抗氧化好　　　　主要用途：航空固定装置，卡车，塔式建筑，船，管道及其他需要有强度、可焊性和抗腐蚀性能的建筑上的应用的领域。如：飞机零件、照相机镜头、耦合器、船舶配件和五金、电子配件和接头、装饰用或各种五金、铰链头、磁头、刹车活塞、水利活塞、电器配件、阀门和阀门零件。　　　　6063铝合金化学成份　　　　铝Al：余量硅Si：0.20～0.6铜Cu：≤0.10镁Mg：0.45～0.9锌Zn：≤0.10锰Mn：≤0.10钛Ti：≤0.10铬Cr：≤0.10铁Fe：0.000～0.350注：单个:≤0.05;合计:≤0.15　　　　6063的密度为2.69g/cm3　　　　物理特性及机械性能:　　　　抗拉强度σb(MPa)：≥205条件屈服强度σ0.2(MPa)：≥170伸长率δ5(％)：≥96063铝板产品特点用途介绍：　　　　6063铝合金属于Al-Mg-Si系合金,使用范围广泛,特别是建筑业离不开此合金，是较有前途的合金。耐蚀性好，焊接性优良，冷加工性较好，并具有中等强度。　　　　主要合金元素为镁与硅，具有加工性能极佳、优良的可焊接性、挤出性及电镀性、良好的抗腐蚀性、韧性，易于抛光、上色膜，阳极氧化效果优良，是典型的挤压合金。6063铝合金型材以其良好的塑性、适中的热处理强度、良好的焊接性能以及阳极氧化处理后表面华丽的色泽等诸多优点而被广泛应用于建筑型材、灌溉管材、供车辆、台架、家具、升降机、栅栏等用的管、棒、型材。　　　　属低合金化的Al-Mg-Si系高塑性合金。具有诸多可贵特点：1.热处理强化，冲击韧性高，对缺可不敏感。2.有极好的热塑性，可以高速挤压成结构复杂.薄壁.中空的各种型材或锻造成结构复杂的锻件，淬火温度范围宽，淬火敏感性低，挤压和锻造脱模后，只要温度高于淬火温度。即可用喷水或穿水的方法淬火。薄壁件（6<3mm）还可以实行风淬。3.焊接性能和耐蚀性优良，无应力腐蚀开裂倾向，在热处理可强化型铝合金中，Al-Mg-Si系合金是没有发现应力腐蚀开裂现象的合金。4.加工后表面十分光洁，且容易阳极氧化和着色。其缺点是淬火后若在室温停放一段时间在时效，会对强度带来不利影响（停放效应）。

钎焊铝合金(brazeweldingaluminiumalloy) 　　硬钎焊的铝基钎料和铝合金钎焊板。在钎焊时，被钎焊材料不熔化，钎料熔化填充接头，将工件连接起来。可以将铝基钎料包覆在铝合金芯材上制成铝合金钎焊板，广泛用于制造热交换器。 　　铝基钎料铝硅系合金的熔点低，流动性好，适合作钎料。典型的铝基钎料是4343、4045(美国牌号)和4004合金。其主要化学成分和特性列于表1。工业纯铝、铝锰系合金和铝-镁-硅系合金中的6951(美国牌号)合金有很好的钎焊性能，它们可用上述铝基钎料钎焊。铝镁硅系中的6061、6053(美国牌号)和6063合金也有较好的钎焊性能，但是因为它们的开始熔化温度比工业纯铝和铝锰系合金的低，因此要严格控制钎焊温度，以防止过烧。4004钎料含有镁，适合在真空钎焊法中使用，在钎焊过程中，镁的蒸气与炉内残留的氧和水反应，起净化作用，镁蒸气还抑制被钎焊铝合金的再氧化。　　铝合金钎焊板 通常是由铝锰系合金(中国牌号3A21、3003)芯材和铝基钎料包覆层所构成的复合板，中国铝合金钎焊板的牌号和化学成分列于表2。其制造过程是，将铝基钎料板放在芯材锭坯的一面或两面上，预热到热轧温度(500℃左右)，热轧，再冷轧成薄板，包覆层完全压合到芯材上。包覆层的厚度为芯材厚度的5％～15％。　　铝合金钎焊板通常是作为钎焊组件的一个部件，另一个部件是无包覆层的可钎焊铝合金材料。钎焊时，将整个组件放在炉内或盐浴内均匀加热到高温，钎焊板上的钎料熔化，受毛细管作用和重力作用而流动，填满要连接部位的接头，可对数百或更多个接点同时进行焊接。它们广泛用于制造各种热交换器。

铝合金是国民经济建设和国家安全重要的工程材料。但是迄今为止，我国一些高性能铝合金制备的关键技术还没有突破，很多重点型号所需的高性能铝合金材料仍然依赖于进口，高性能铝合金研制与开发还有许多工作等待国人去做。  　　铝合金的高性能化有几种途径，其中微合金化强韧化是近20年来高性能铝合金研究的前沿领域。所谓微合金化强韧化通常是指将质量百分数小于0.5%的微量元素添加或者复合添加到铝合金中借以大幅度提高合金强度和韧性的一种技术。其中，钪的添加特别引人注目。 　　钪作为一种过渡族元素以及稀土元素加到铝及铝合金中，不仅能够显著细化铸态合金晶粒、提高再结晶温度从而提高铝合金的强度和韧性，而且能显著改善铝合金的可焊性、耐热性、抗蚀性、热稳定性和抗中子辐照损伤的作用。因此，铝钪合金被认为是新一代航天航空、舰船、兵器用高性能铝合金结构材料。近20年来，国际材料界尤其是前苏联，由于军工战略方面的需要，对铝钪合金进行了大量的研究与开发。国内铝钪合金起步较晚，90年代中期还只有少数几篇评述性的文章。然而，这种新合金在航天航空方面的优异性能引起了国防工业部门的浓厚兴趣，有关应用部门希望国内立即开展这方面的研究。 　　“国家需要就是我们的研究目标！”学科带头人尹志民教授敏锐地感觉到这一信息的重大价值。这位1987年从加拿大多伦多大学留学回国并长期从事高性能铝合金研究的学者，立即带领科研室一批青年学子在这一领域开始了艰苦的探索与实践。 　　研究工作从哪里入手？科研组的同志一致认为“研究工作应当首先从基础做起，基础牢才能做大事。”微量钪添加到铝合金中能大幅度提高合金的性能，这种神奇作用的原因是什么？课题组在国家自然科学基金的支持下，开展了微量钪在铝镁系合金中的存在形式及作用机制研究。他们设计了一系列对比合金，研究了微量钪对目标合金晶粒度、再结晶行为以及对合金强度和韧性的影响。发现了一系列有重大意义的研究结果： 　　第一，微量钪和锆复合添加效果比单独添加好，钪、锆复合微合金化是Al-Mg系合金强韧化的有效途径； 　　第二，微量钪和锆主要以Al3(Sc,Zr)I和Al3(Sc,Zr)II两种铝化物形式存在，铝化物的晶体结构为面心立方，点阵常数为0.410nm，前者是α(Al)基体最有效的晶粒细化剂，后者与基体共格，强烈钉扎位错和亚晶界，它能强烈抑制合金热变形过程和冷轧板材退火过程的再结晶；第三，微量钪和锆在铝合金中的强化机制为细晶强化、亚结构强化和铝钪锆化合物粒子引起的析出强化。论文《微量Sc和Zr对Al-Mg合金组织性能的影响》和《微量Sc和Zr对Al-Zn-Mg合金组织性能影响》分别在材料领域英国著名刊物《材料科学与工程》和俄罗斯著名刊物《有色金属》上发表，SCI他引数十次。多名来自韩国、法国、德国、日本等国的研究者来信或通过E-mail索取资料。尹志民教授访俄期间，还多次与铝钪合金研究权威扎哈罗夫教授和费拉多夫教授进行了学术交流。 　　铝钪合金基础研究有了重大突破以后，紧接着的一个问题就是研制开发铝钪中间合金。因为微量钪只能通过铝钪中间合金的形式加入到铝合金中，否则“巧妇难为无米之炊”。调研发现，我国钪资源丰富。90年代初，我国还是世界市场上氧化钪初级产品的主要供应商，关键问题是如何把氧化钪转化为铝钪中间合金。在"氧化钪热还原制备铝钪中间合金新工艺基础研究"国家自然科学基金支持下，课题组在不同反应物体系热还原热力学计算的基础上，筛选了两条工艺路线进行实验。最终以工业氧化钪为原料，采用氧化钪热还原方法成功地制备出了铝钪中间合金，随后研制的铝钪合金板材制备和性能研究表明:制备的铝钪中间合金完全能够满足工业铝钪合金研制的需要。在此基础上，科研组申报了国家发明专利，2002年发明专利获得授权。 　　随着我国国力的增强，铝镁钪系合金的研究列入了国家重点研究计划，科研室紧紧抓住了这个机遇。在科技部973项目“提高铝材质量的基础研究”和“十五”攻关项目的支持下，在微量钪、锆在铝镁系及铝锌镁系合金中的微合金化研究成果的指导下，课题组在国内率先研制成功了Al-Mg-Sc-Zr和Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr两个合金原型，与不添加钪和锆的同类合金相比，合金抗拉强度和屈服强度提高了25%，而塑性仍分别保持在13%和10%的高水平。与此同时，钪、锆等复合微合金化强韧化研究成果已延伸到2个863项目和1个“十五”重点项目。 　　经过8年的艰苦奋斗，依托中南大学材料物理与化学国家重点学科，形成了一支从加拿大、日本、俄罗斯等留学回国的青年学者组成的学术队伍。他们先后承担了多项与铝钪合金有关的国家自然科学基金、973项目、863项目、“十五”攻关和军工配套等国家级重大科研项目，举办了铝钪合金国际研讨会，发表高水平论文近百篇，在国内外产生了积极的影响。 　　为了适应新形势的发展，尹志民教授为首的创新团队加大了铝钪合金的研究开发力度，一方面，他们利用科研沉淀资金，在校内新材料工程中心投资20余万元建立了一条铝钪中间合金中试生产线，正式为国内用户供应“中工牌”铝钪中间合金；另一方面，与国内铝合金骨干企业合作，共同承担国家科研试制任务，努力把钪、锆复合微合金化强韧化理论应用到工程实际中，争取在未来10年内，和国内铝合金骨干企业一道建立起我国自己的高性能铝钪合金新体系。 　　目前，中南大学与东北加工轻合金有限责任公司和西南铝业有限公司合作承担的铝钪合金“十五”国家重点项目开始了工业化试验。他们已经攻克了板材及其配用焊丝复合微合金化成分设计及控制技术、钪中间合金制备和添加技术、铝镁钪锆合金板材轧制技术，铝镁钪锆合金型材挤压工艺技术和锻造工艺技术，研制成功了中强高韧可焊Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr合金板材、挤压材、锻件和配用焊丝。 　　可以预见在不久的将来，具有我国自主知识产权的大规格铝钪合金板材、挤压材、锻件将会在航天、航空、兵器、舰船领域投入应用。课题组成员的辛勤劳动和聪明才智将在国防现代化建设中开出更加艳丽的花朵。