铅粉哪里有卖是投资者想知道的信息，因为了解它可以帮助操作。铅粉哪里有卖你可以到下列公司寻找：上海鑫云贵稀金属再生有限公司联系人:吴小云联系电话:13801852756兴达有色冶化有限公司联系人:何宴文联系电话:13602911285铅粉性质为白色的粉末，或凝聚成不规则的块状，手捻之立即成粉，有细而滑腻感。 　　质重。 　　以色白细腻，无杂质者为佳。 　　不溶于水及酒精.能溶于碳酸水及稀硝酸。 　　遇硫离子则变黑色。 　　在闭管中燃烧则生水，在木炭上燃烧则生铅粒。铅粉是用来画国画的专用颜料。现在销售的一般为管装和颜料块，也有颜料粉的。传统的中国画颜料，它一般分成矿物颜料与植物颜料两大类，从使用历史上讲，应先有矿物、后有植物，就象用墨先有松烟、后有油烟。远古时的岩画上留下的鲜艳色泽，据化验后，发现是用了矿物颜料（如朱砂），矿物颜料的显著特点是不易退色、色彩鲜艳。植物颜料主要是从树木花卉中提炼出来的。铅粉属于矿物颜料。 　　如果你想更多的了解关于铅粉哪里有卖的信息，你可以登陆上海有色网进行查询和关注。

我国废钢资源到底有多少？由于国力及我国管理体制上的限制，我国从来没有像美国、英国、德国、日本、前苏联那样进行过反复认真的调查，现在的数字都是有关部门及相关协会等根据以往的数据推算出来的，有明显的不精确之处。    一、对加工废钢产生量估计不足导致对整个社会废钢回收量的估计不足。以2003年为例，我国钢产量22012万吨，钢材产量24119万吨，进口钢材3717万吨，出口696万吨，表观消费量为27140万吨，扣除重复材，实际消费量为25140万吨，加工废钢产生量为2385.6万吨。还有以统计报表为基础的钢厂生产回收、非生产回收废钢量，2003年为1530万吨。以上两项相加，2003年社会加工废钢及钢厂回收废钢就达3915.6万吨，占当年钢厂炼钢消耗废钢的81％。如加上以钢铁积蓄量为基础的社会废钢回收量，我国废钢产生量应大大超过原先预测的4200万吨。2003年社会废钢回收量应该是多少呢？我国近15年钢铁积蓄量骤增，扣去当年回收的加工废钢，目前我国钢铁蓄积量19.5亿吨应没有问题。除去不可回收的废钢，考虑近期积累的钢铁量尚未超过使用寿命，以国际上通用的回收率最低值1.5％计算，则我国每年的老旧废钢可回收量为2925万吨，我国国内废钢资源总量应在6840.6万吨左右，除去2003年炼钢用的4820万吨，国内资源尚存2020万吨。    二、对小五金、轻工及小炼钢、"地条钢"生产所需的废钢资源需求量估计不足，导致对整个社会废钢产生量的估计不足。这也是2003年我国进口了近929万吨废钢及直接还原铁168万吨，合计进口1097万吨，才勉强维持供需平衡的原因所在。    我国在1987年对废钢指令性计划分配放开之前，小五金、轻工所需用的废钢边角料均由国家统一分配，每年200－300万吨。国家放开指令性计划后，冶金企业每年外调废钢边角料仅300－400万吨，所以往往被忽略。而实际上，我国消耗在小五金、轻工产品及"地条钢"非法冶炼上的废钢资源数量是非常巨大的。以2003年为例，国内废钢资源6840.6万吨，加上进口资源1097万吨，共计7937.6万吨，其中钢铁企业消耗4820万吨，其余3117.6万吨均被小五金、轻工及"地条钢"、小炼钢所消耗。    按照我国相关政策，小五金、轻工产品为国计民生所需，属国家政策鼓励的良性消费，而"地条钢"、小炼钢是国家明令禁止的，属于被取缔对象。"地条钢"、小炼钢每每以高出50－100元／吨的价格与钢厂争抢国内废钢资源，由于其工艺简单、生产成本低，加上偷、漏税，在钢材价格偏高时，钢厂无法与之竞争。这部分资源无正规统计，但从各地"地条钢"、小炼钢屡禁不止之势分析，不会少于1000万吨。正是由于上述原因，近10年来，钢厂采购到的国内废钢资源，在1993－2002年内，平均每年只增加83万吨，远远低于每年社会废钢回收的增加量。

废钢的来历有自产废钢和外购废钢，自产废钢是指厂商内部出产过程中发生的废钢或收回的废旧设备、铸件等，外购废钢是指从国内或国外购买的废钢。 　　转炉炼钢对废钢的要求有： 　　(1)废钢的外形尺寸和块度应确保能从炉口顺畅参加转炉。废钢单重不能过重，以便减轻对炉衬的冲击，一起在吹炼期有必要悉数熔化。轻型废钢和重型废钢合理调配。废钢的长度应小于转炉口直径的1/2，废钢的块度一般不该超越300kg，国标要求废钢的长度不大于1000mm，最大单件分量不大于800kg。 　　(2)废钢中不得混有铁合金。制止混入铜、锌、铅、锡等有色、金属和橡胶，不得混有关闭器皿、和易燃易爆品以及有毒物品。废钢的硫、磷含量均不得大于0.050%。 　　废钢中剩余元素含量应契合以下要求：wNi 　　(3)废钢应清洁枯燥，不得混有泥砂、水泥、耐火材料、油物、搪瓷等，不能带水。 　　(4)废钢中不能夹藏放射性废物，制止混有医疗临床废物。 　　(5)废钢中制止混有其浸出液中pH值大于等于12.5或小于等于2.0的危险废物。进口废钢容器、管道及其碎片有必要向查验组织申报从前盛装或输送过的化学物质的主要成分以及放射性查验证明书，经查验合格后方能运用。 　　(6)不同性质的废钢分类寄存，避免稠浊，如低硫废钢、超低硫废钢、普通类废钢等。别的，应根据废钢外形尺寸将废钢分为轻料型废钢、统料型废钢、小型废钢、中型废钢、重型废钢等。非合金钢、低合金钢废钢可混放在一起，不得混有合金废钢和生铁。合金废钢要独自寄存，避免形成冶炼困难，发生熔炼废品或形成宝贵合金元素的糟蹋。 　　废钢按外形尺寸和分量分类见表1。 　　表1　 废钢的分类

aluminium coated sheet  　　一种将纯铝或含硅5％～10％的铝合金镀在碳钢板上制成的表面处理钢板。 　　镀铝钢板生产方法有热镀法、电泳法和真空蒸镀法。热镀法应用最广，因其比较经济。电泳法是将铝粉用电泳的方法均匀地镀覆在钢板表面，经小变形量的轧制使其相互紧密结合，再经500～700℃烧结处理。真空蒸镀法是在低温、真空度为0.0133Pa下进行的，其铝膜纯度高、致密，无针孔，因此耐蚀性能好。 　　镀铝钢板具有良好的抗高温氧化性，可在450℃下长期使用而不变色，最高使用温度可达750℃。还具有优异的耐大气腐蚀性，特别是能耐含SO2，H2S，CO2等工业大气的腐蚀，是镀锌钢板耐蚀性的3～6倍。多用于汽车排气系统、耐热器具、建筑材料等。 镀铝钢板的性质  镀铝板其价格为不锈钢的三分之一，是降低成本的好材料.  镀铝钢板可广泛用于:  汽车工业：消声器、排气管、油箱、隔热罩、反应器部件和歧管罩等。  建筑、农用矿山机械：柴油机消声器和隔热罩、剪草机和其它园林机械消声器等。  家用产品：烤箱、微波炉、电饭煲、多功能煲、慢炖锅、烤面包机、电热水器、电热水瓶、消毒柜、空调机、热交换器、电暧器、灯饰等。  厨房用具：煎锅、烧水壶、烤盘等。  户外产品：烧烤炉、炭炉、集/排烟口、烟窗。  因为镀铝钢板具有如下特点：  1、镀铝钢板具有极佳的耐高温性（550度）。  2、镀铝钢板可反射80%的入射热量。  3、镀铝钢板的机械强度与其基材的机械强度一致。  4、镀铝钢板对化学腐蚀有极强的耐蚀性。  5、可进行拉伸、冲压、拉管等成形加工。  6、可用标准 MAG 和TIG 焊接加工。  7、可直接接触食物。

厚钢板是指厚度大于3毫米的钢板。厚钢板分为特厚钢板和中厚钢板。特厚钢板是指厚度不小于50毫米的钢板。特厚钢板主要用于造船、锅炉、桥梁和高压容器壳体等。中厚钢板是指厚度大于3毫米、小于5O毫米的钢板。中厚钢板主要用于造船、锅炉、桥梁、装甲和高压容器壳体等。       中厚钢板：厚度大于4mm的钢板属于中厚钢板。其中，厚度4.5-25.0mm的钢板称为中厚板， 厚度25.0-100.0mm的称为厚板，厚度超过100.0mm的为特厚板。     中厚板主要用途有哪些？     答：建筑工程、机械制造、容器制造、造船、桥梁等。     普通中厚板用途：广泛用来制造各种容器、炉壳、炉板、桥梁及汽车静钢钢板、低合金钢钢板、桥梁用钢板、造般钢板、锅炉钢板、压力容器钢板、花纹钢板、汽车大梁钢板、拖拉机某些零件及焊接构件。     桥梁用钢板用于大型铁路桥梁。要求承受动载荷、冲击、震动、耐蚀等。     造船钢板：用于制造海洋及内河船舶船体。要求强度高、塑性、韧性、冷弯性能、焊接性能、耐蚀性能都好。     锅炉钢板：用于制造各种锅炉及重要附件，由于锅炉钢板处于中温（350°C以下）高压状态下工作，除承受较高压力外，还受到冲击，疲劳载荷及水和气腐蚀，要求保证一定强度，还要有良好的焊接及冷弯性能。     压力容器用钢板：主要用于制造石油、化工气体分离和气体储运的压力容器或其它类似设备，一般工作压力在常压到320kg/cm2甚至到630kg/cm2，温度在-20-450°C范围内工作，要求容器钢板除具有一定强度和良好塑性和韧性外，还必须有较好冷弯和焊接性能。     汽车大梁钢，用于制造汽车大梁（纵梁、横梁）用厚度为2.5-12.0mm的低合金热轧钢板。由汽车大梁形状复杂，除要求较高强度和冷弯性能外，要求冲压性能好。1、按品质分类(1) 普通钢（P≤0.045%，S≤0.050%）(2) 优质钢（P、S均≤0.035%）(3) 高级优质钢（P≤0.035%，S≤0.030%）2.、按化学成份分类(1) 碳素钢：a.低碳钢（C≤0.25%）；b.中碳钢（C≤0.25~0.60%）；c.高碳钢（C≤0.60%）。(2) 合金钢：a.低合金钢（合金元素总含量≤5%）；b.中合金钢（合金元素总含量＞5~10%）；c.高合金钢（合金元素总含量＞10%）。3、按成形方法分类：(1) 锻钢；(2) 铸钢；(3) 热轧钢；(4) 冷拉钢。4、按金相组织分类(1) 退火状态的：a.亚共析钢（铁素体+珠光体）；b.共析钢（珠光体）；c.过共析钢（珠光体+渗碳体）；d.莱氏体钢（珠光体+渗碳体）。(2) 正火状态的：a.珠光体钢；b.贝氏体钢；c.马氏体钢；d.奥氏体钢。(3) 无相变或部分发生相变的5、按用途分类(1) 建筑及工程用钢：a.普通碳素结构钢；b.低合金结构钢；c.钢筋钢。(2) 结构钢a.机械制造用钢：(a)调质结构钢；(b)表面硬化结构钢：包括渗碳钢、渗钢、表面淬火用钢；(c)易切结构钢；(d)冷塑性成形用钢：包括冷冲压用钢、冷镦用钢。b.弹簧钢c.轴承钢(3) 工具钢：a.碳素工具钢；b.合金工具钢；c.高速工具钢。(4) 特殊性能钢：a.不锈耐酸钢；b.耐热钢：包括抗氧化钢、热强钢、气阀钢；c.电热合金钢；d.耐磨钢；e.低温用钢；f.电工用钢。(5) 专业用钢——如桥梁用钢、船舶用钢、锅炉用钢、压力容器用钢、农机用钢等。6、综合分类(1)普通钢a.碳素结构钢：(a) Q195；(b) Q215(A、B)；(c) Q235(A、B、C)；(d) Q255(A、B)；(e) Q275。b.低合金结构钢c.特定用途的普通结构钢(2)优质钢（包括高级优质钢）a.结构钢：(a)优质碳素结构钢；(b)合金结构钢；(c)弹簧钢；(d)易切钢；(e)轴承钢；(f)特定用途优质结构钢。b.工具钢：(a)碳素工具钢；(b)合金工具钢；(c)高速工具钢。c.特殊性能钢：(a)不锈耐酸钢；(b)耐热钢；(c)电热合金钢；(d)电工用钢；(e)高锰耐磨钢。7、按冶炼方法分类(1) 按炉种分a.平炉钢：(a)酸性平炉钢；(b)碱性平炉钢。b.转炉钢：(a)酸性转炉钢；(b)碱性转炉钢。或 (a)底吹转炉钢；(b)侧吹转炉钢；(c)顶吹转炉钢。c. 电炉钢：(a)电弧炉钢；(b)电渣炉钢；(c)感应炉钢；(d)真空自耗炉钢；(e)电子束炉钢。(2)按脱氧程度和浇注制度分a.沸腾钢；b.半镇静钢；c.镇静钢；d.特殊镇静钢。

废钢是在出产日子工程中筛选或许损坏的作为收回使用的废旧钢铁；其含碳量一般小于2.0%，硫、磷含量均不大于0.05%。一般来说，在日子中发生的废钢为社会废钢，其首要是废旧含钢铁设备及家具电器等所发生的废钢，常见的如自行车架、轿车外壳等；出产中发生的废钢为钢铁冶金过程中发生的废钢以及机械制造加工过程中发生的废钢，在钢铁厂商中，因为出产过程中不可避免的呈现钢渣的溅起、钢坯的切头切尾等，所发生的废钢为钢厂自产废钢，其间，钢坯的切头切尾在模铸年代曾很多发生，而在连铸遍及后，发生的量现已大大削减；在机械加工过程中发生的废钢，则因为成分均匀、无锈等要素，可作为再生料废钢，但发生规划及量均较少。 废钢因为其发生的状况不同，而存在各种不同的形状，其功能与发生此种废钢的成材根本相同，但也遭到时效有效性、疲惫性等要素的影响，而功能有所下降；我国废钢铁资源发生的地域散布也不平衡，全国80%以上的废钢铁资源散布在京、津、沪、粤、辽、黑、冀、晋、鲁、鄂、川及江苏这12个工矿厂商比较会集、人口比较稠密的省市；其它区域因为地舆条件较差、人口较少，生成的废钢资源缺乏20%。废钢加工一般状况下选用机械加工，常用机械为压包机、切割机等。废钢首要用于长流程转炉中的炼钢添加料或短流程电炉的炼钢主料。 国内废钢资源：我国粗钢产量的迅速增长首要是自2000年开端，年增长率在20%左右，由此，导致我国社会钢铁积蓄量中，50%左右是在2000年及今后所出产，而因为遭到筛选年限的约束，形成我国将成器处于废钢资源的匮乏时期，满意不了钢铁工业快速开展的需求，据废钢栏目数据，2009年，国内首要钢厂废钢单耗仅为120千克左右，处于比年下降的态势。 2009年，我国全年进口废钢量达1366.92万吨，创前史新高，全年进口废钢费用达50.68亿元。 废钢标准：废钢国家标准为2004年发布，一起1996年国家废钢标准废止。

锡锭哪里多是许多投资者都会想知道的问题，下文中我们来看下这个问题。锡锭用作涂层材料，在食品、机械、电器、汽车、航天、浮法玻璃和其它工业部门中有着极广泛的用途。产品名称 锡锭 　　执行标准 GB／T728－1998 　　牌号：Sn99.99 Sn99.95 Sn99.90 　　主要用途：可以用作涂层材料，在食品、机械、电器、汽车、航天和其它工业部门中有着极广泛的用途。在浮法玻璃生产中，熔融玻璃浮在熔融的锡池表面冷却固化。 　　性状：银白色金属，质软，有良好延展性。熔点232℃，密度7.29g/cm3。无毒 　　产品规格：每锭重25kg±1 kg；捆装，每捆重约1050 kg生产锡锭的大公司：锡业股份是上市公司 ，20多家基金和券商研究员赶赴位于世界锡都——云南个旧市的锡业股份(资讯 行情 论坛)(000960)现场考察。公司副董事长杨超在见面会上表示，2004年锡业股份在全球排名上升至第二位，今年公司完成了在新加坡的锡精炼厂建设以及对湖南郴州锡矿的收购，根据目前国际上各大锡业公司生产计划的比较获知，锡业股份即将成为世界第一大锡生产企业。更多锡锭哪里多的问题，你可以登陆上海有色网中锡专区进行查看，你会有更多的收获。 

锡矿哪里多是很多金属锡企业和金属锡生产厂家关注的问题。金属锡是人类最早发现和使用的金属之一。早在商代，我们的祖先就能用锡、铜、铅生产青铜器皿。因此，了解锡矿哪里多，有利于金属锡工业和金属锡矿企业进今后的发展。    锡质软有延展性、化学性质稳定，抗腐蚀、易熔，摩擦系数小，锡盐无毒，因此锡和锡合金在现代国防、现代工业、尖端科学技术和人类生活中得到了广泛的应用。自然界已知的含锡矿物有50多种，主要锡矿物大约有20多种。目前有经济意义的主要是锡石，其次为黄锡矿。某些矿床中，硫锡铅矿、辉锑锡铅矿、圆柱锡矿，有时黑硫银锡矿、黑硼锡矿、马来亚石、水锡石、水镁锡矿等也可以相对富集，形成工业价值。    中国锡资源丰富，长期以来一直是锡的生产大国，储量和产量均居于世界前列。云南个旧早在公元前就已开采锡矿。新中国成立以后，为了满足我国锡工业发展的需要，为了更加明确我国锡矿哪里多这一问题，开展了大规模的普查勘探工作。50年代首先对个旧锡矿进行勘查，至50年代中期就探明了一系列大、中型砂锡矿床，60年代提交了老厂、松树脚等几个原生锡矿勘探报告。广西大厂锡矿也于1955年开始工作，从前人开采老峒和“三条小矿脉露天”着手，找到一系列大而富的锡多金属矿床。50年代还开展了广西富贺钟和广东海陆丰以砂锡为主的普查勘探工作，很快探明了工业储量。随着1∶20万和1∶5万区域地质调查、矿产普查的开展和物化探方法的广泛应用，60年代以来不仅在一些老矿区及外围不断有新的发现，还发现了一些新的锡矿区、带和新的锡矿类型。经过40多年的地质调查和普查勘探工作，我国已形成了以个旧、大厂和平桂为骨干的锡矿工业基地，成为世界首要的锡生产大国。    那么，在中国各省市中，锡矿哪里多呢？中国锡矿主要集中在云南、广西、广东、湖南、内蒙古、江西6个省、区。而云南又主要集中在个旧，广西集中在大厂，个旧和大厂二个地区的储量就占了全国总储量的40%左右。中国锡矿大、中型矿床多，尤以云南个旧和广西大厂最为著名，是世界级的多金属超大型锡矿区。中国锡矿的另一个特点是以原生锡矿为主，砂锡矿居次要地位。在全国总储量中，原生锡矿占80%，砂锡矿仅占16%。    更多关于锡矿哪里多的资讯，请登录上海有色网查询。

锅炉钢板主要是指用来制造过热器、主蒸汽管和锅炉火室受热面用的热轧中厚板材料，主要材质有优质结构钢及低合金耐热钢，常用的锅炉钢有平炉冶炼的低碳镇静钢或电炉冶炼的低碳钢，含碳量Wc在0.16%-0.26%范围内。由于锅炉钢板处于中温（350ºC以下）高压状态下工作，除承受较高压力外，还受到冲击，疲劳载荷及水和气的腐蚀，对锅炉钢的性能要求主要是有良好的焊接及冷弯性能、一定的高温强度和耐碱性腐蚀、耐氧化等。  　　锅炉及压力容器用板主要钢号及执行标准  　　（1）锅炉板主要钢号有：20g、16Mng、15CrMoVg、19Mng、22Mng  　　（2）压力容器用板主要钢号有：20R、16MnR、15MnNbR、15MnVNR  　　（3）执行标准：GB713-1997、GB6654-1996  　　锅炉及压力容器用板的主要用途  　　锅炉钢板广泛应用于石油、化工、电站、锅炉等行业，用于制作反应器、换热器、分离器、球罐、油气罐、液化气罐、核能反应堆压力壳、锅炉汽包、液化瓶、水电站高压水管、水轮涡壳等设备及构件 锅炉钢板是锅炉制造中非常关键的材料之一。超临界火电机组锅炉的发展,对锅炉钢板的性能提出了更高的要求。锅炉新材料的应用是由材料标准作为载体而实施的。对比分析我国标准与美国ASME 材料标准之间存在的差距,制定适合我国火电机组发展的先进的锅炉钢板标准,应是发展方向。关键词: 锅炉钢板;性能;标准;ASME; 超临界中图分类号: TG335. 5 　文献标识码:B 　文章编号: 1003 -0514(2005)04 -0037 -05  The comparison and development of the standard of Chinese and American boiler plate  ZHANG Xian( Babcock & Wilcox Beijing Company , Beijing 100001 , China )HUANG Ying( China Metallurgical Information & Standardization Research Institute , Beijing 100730 , China ) Abstract : Boiler plate is the important material of making boiler. The development of boiler of supercritical thermal power generator makes the claim for the capability of boiler plate. The application of the new material takes effect on the basis of material standard as a carrier. Compare and analyse the differences between Chinese and American ASME materials and de2 velop the boiler plate standard fit for our thermal power generator networks.  Key words : boilerplate; capability; standard;ASME; supercritical  0 　前言临界火电技术的最现实的途径,但是只有充分了解掌 近年来火电机组向大型化、高参数化发展的趋势握国际上那些技术成熟的新材料,并将其纳入我国电日益明显,超临界参数的火电机组已经在我国大量设站锅炉用钢标准,建立适合我国火电机组发展的先进计建造。作为火电机组三大主机之一的锅炉,对其所的锅炉用钢体系,促进新型锅炉用钢国产化,才是发使用钢的耐高温高压、耐腐蚀、性能稳定等方面提出展我国超临界火电机组的关键。了更高的要求。新型锅炉用钢的研制、开发与应用, 锅炉钢板是锅炉制造中非常关键的材料之一,主一直是火电机组发展所面临的重大课题,各国均投入要是指用来制造锅炉中的锅壳、锅筒、集箱端盖、支吊了大量的人力、物力从事相关的研究工作。架等重要部件用的热轧专用碳素钢和低合金耐热钢 我国火电机组锅炉用钢的开发,近几十年来几乎中厚钢板材料。锅炉钢板常常处于中、高温和高压状处于完全停滞状态。目前超临界火电机组,甚至包括态下工作,除承受较高温度和压力外,还受到冲击,疲部分亚临界机组锅炉中的许多关键材料完全依赖进劳载荷及水和气的腐蚀,工作条件较差。如果锅炉在口。新材料的开发和应用是锅炉制造取得技术进步使用过程中发生破坏性事故,将会造成严重的损失。的基础,新材料是由材料标准和技术条件作为载体而因此锅炉钢板必须具有良好的物理性能、力学性能和实施的。虽然从国外购买先进材料是现阶段发展超可加工性,并在材料标准的技术条款中给予严格的规 　　收稿日期:2005-06-20 作者简介:张显,高级工程师,1985 年毕业于合肥工业大学材料工程系,现工作于北京巴威公司工程部。 . 1995-2005 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.  定,以满足其使用中的安全。 美国机械工程师协会(ASME) 负责制订、颁布和实施的锅炉压力容器技术规范,它不仅是统一的美国国家标准, 同时也是国际公认的标准法规系统。ASME 规范第II 卷材料篇,主要引用了美国材料试验学会(ASTM) 的相应材料标准和材料试验标准。在ASME 规范中允许使用的材料一般来说必须按照第II 卷的材料标准供货。因此,只有认真研究ASME 材料标准,并与我国锅炉钢板标准进行对比与分析,找出之间的差距,才能建立适合我国超临界火电机组发展的完善的锅炉用钢板标准和标准体系。 1 　常用锅炉钢板及性能要求 从材料上来分,锅炉钢板可分为专用碳素钢板和低合金耐热钢板两类。锅炉钢板所用的材料对化学成分,特别是对磷、硫等有害元素和铬、镍、铜等残余元素有严格的控制;冶炼时还应进行良好的脱氧和去除非金属夹杂物,以保证良好的塑性和韧性;组织结构要求均匀,晶粒度控制在一定范围内(通常希望晶粒度在3～7 级之间);对表面质量和内部缺陷也有严格的要求;此外常温和高温力学性能必须保证。 根据工作条件不同,锅炉钢板又可分为制造室温及中温承压部件钢板和制造高温承压部件钢板两大类。 室温及中温(蠕变温度以下) 用锅炉钢板,大多采用碳素钢,包括碳钢、碳锰钢、碳锰硅钢等,即GB713  -1997 锅炉用钢板中的20g 、22Mng 、16Mng 、19Mng 钢,以及美国ASME SA -515ΠSA -515M 中高温压力容器用碳钢板、SA-299ΠSA -299M 压力容器用碳锰硅钢板等。主要用于制造锅炉的锅筒、中温以下集箱端盖等承压部件。要求其应具有较高的室温强度;良好的冲击韧性和较低的缺口敏感性;由于锅筒等部件在加工时需要大量的冷变形,因此还要具有良好的时效韧性;另外还要具备良好的加工工艺性和焊接性能;以及良好的低倍组织等。 高温(蠕变温度以上) 用锅炉钢板,一般采用低合金耐热钢,常用有铬钼钢、铬钼钒钢、铬钼钨钢等。例如GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板中的15CrMog 、12Cr1MoVg , 以及美国ASME SA -387ΠSA387 -M 压力容器用铬-钼合金钢板中的Gr22 、Gr91 和ASME SA -1017ΠSA1017 -M 压力容器用铬-钼-钨合金钢板中的Gr23 、Gr911 、Gr122 钢等。主要是用以制造高温集箱封头端盖、蒸汽管道堵板等高温承压部件。要求 其必须具有足够的高温持久强度和持久塑性;良好的高温组织稳定性;良好的高温抗氧化性(耐热性);以及良好的冷热加工工艺性(主要指冷弯变形和可焊接性) 等。 2 　锅炉钢板标准对比分析 对锅炉制造行业来说,ASME 无疑是世界上最权威、最先进、最完善的建造规范。我国的锅炉行业在引进超临界火电机组锅炉的制造技术时,几乎无一例外的采用了美国机械工程师协会(ASME) 制订、颁布和实施的锅炉压力容器技术规范。 现阶段我国的锅炉钢板标准体系分为通用标准和产品标准两层,通用标准包括GBΠT247 钢板和钢带检验、包装、标志及质量证明书的一般规定和GBΠ T14977 热轧钢板表面质量的一般要求两个标准,产品标准仅GB713 锅炉用钢板1 个标准。另外我国还有一个压力容器钢板标准GB6654 压力容器用钢板, 但因为其与大型火电机组锅炉用钢板的要求相距甚远,因此不适合高压以上大型火电机组锅炉上使用。 美国ASME 规范第II 卷材料A 篇(铁基材料) 中, 有关锅炉和压力容器用钢板标准共约44 个,虽然在标准名称上都称作“压力容器用钢板”,但在每一个标准中的第一部分“适用范围”中,对本标准适用于锅炉还是压力容器,都做了明确的规定。所以适用于锅炉用钢板的标准大约有9 个,按体系也可以分为两层, 即通用标准1 个SA-20ΠSA-20M 压力容器用钢板通用要求和产品标准8 个SA-202ΠSA -202M 压力容器用铬锰硅合金钢板、SA-204ΠSA -204M 压力容器用钼合金钢板、SA-299ΠSA -299M 压力容器用碳锰硅钢板、SA-302ΠSA -302M 压力容器用锰钼和锰钼镍合金钢板、SA-387ΠSA -387M 压力容器用铬钼合金钢板、SA-515ΠSA -515M 中高温压力容器用碳钢板、SA-516ΠSA -516M 常低温压力容器用碳钢板、SA -1017ΠSA -1017M 压力容器用铬钼钨合金钢板。另外所有ASME 材料的物理性能、使用温度和许用应力等数据,都集中放在ASME 规范第II 卷D 篇材料性能当中,使用和查找十分便利。 通过对比ASME 锅炉钢板标准及体系可以看出, 我国锅炉钢板产品标准GB713 锅炉用钢板中,将不同品种和不同使用要求的锅炉钢板,以及锅炉钢板的一般性能和高温特殊性能等都放在一起表述,篇幅烦琐,对锅炉钢板的性能要求体现不够。ASME 锅炉钢板标准的制订是按材料加以区分的,每一类材料制订 　第4 期　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　中美锅炉钢板标准的对比及发展 一个标准。标准内容除了规定了这一类材料的基本性能外,对具体用途和注意事项,以及协议条款等,在标准中都有非常详细的规定,充分体现了对锅炉钢板的性能要求,技术性突出,贸易性明显。标准体系和内容非常清晰,让人一目了然。用户在选择和使用上也很方便。 因此,现阶段我国的锅炉钢板标准及体系应加大力度重新予以制修订,以适应先进的超临界锅炉技术的发展对锅炉钢板的要求。 3 　锅炉钢板标准发展探讨 上世纪80～90 年代,我国电力制造行业成功地引进了亚临界参数锅炉技术。为适应亚临界压力以下锅炉对锅炉钢板的要求,由鞍山钢铁集团公司、冶金工业信息标准研究院等单位,对GB713 -86 锅炉用碳素钢和低合金钢钢板进行了重新修订。新修订并一直沿用至今的锅炉钢板标准为GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板。在这个版本中,除了20g 和16Mng , 新增加了用于制造锅筒的19Mng (等同于德国标准19Mn6) 、22Mng (等同于美国标准SA299) 、13MnNiCrMoNbg (等同于德国标准BHW355) 等三个牌号,以及用于高温集箱端盖及支吊架等部件的15CrMog 、12Cr1MoVg 两个耐热钢牌号,其他内容也做了一定的修改。新修订的GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板,不仅基本上满足了亚临界压力以下锅炉锅筒、集箱端盖及其支吊件的要求, 为我国电力事业的发展做出了突出贡献,而且还带动了我国钢铁行业的技术进步和产品质量的提高。 进入本世纪以来,随着世界上超临界参数火电机组的发展,我国也开始引进并大量设计制造超临界参数火电机组。超临界火电机组锅炉大多采用直流循环,螺旋炉膛,用汽水分离器替代了锅筒汽包,锅炉中集箱的温度和压力更高,更多的使用一些新型的、性能优异的耐热合金钢。由于对锅炉钢板的性能提出了新的要求,因此一直沿用的GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板标准,其中的一些内容和技术指标,无论是与国外先进水平标准相比,还是与锅炉行业发展的相关要求相比,均存在着一定的差距,主要体现在下述几个方面:  3. 1 　标准水平 锅炉钢板产品标准GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板,采用国际先进标准力度远远不够,标准水平只达到了国际一般水平。由于锅炉钢板标准属于重要用途的产品标准,安全可靠性要求严格,制造技术难度高,而且产量比较大。随着我国钢铁行业的生产技术和产品质量的不断提高,锅炉钢板标准应继续采用国际先进标准,加强采标力度,不断提高标准水平。 由于我国锅炉钢板产品标准只有一个,因此可以按照ASME 规范第II 卷D 篇材料性能的模式,制订一份有关我国锅炉钢板材料力学性能和物理性能的通用标准,也可以将这些材料性能完全放在产品标准GB713 中,包括锅炉设计选材时必须用到的高温规定非比例延伸强度(Rp0. 2) 、高温持久强度等力学性能, 以及常用的热膨胀系数、弹性模量等物理性能。另外如有可能,还可参照ASME 的方法,按不同材料、用途和性能,将锅炉用钢板标准细分成若干个标准(如专用碳素钢板、低合金耐热钢板等),以适应用户的需要和应用。 3. 2 　外形尺寸 由于我国钢铁行业技术和装备水平的制约,锅炉用的宽厚钢板还几乎无法生产。GB713 仅适用于厚度6～150mm 的范围,而亚临界锅炉锅筒用的钢板厚度一般都在160～210mm 之间,只能依靠进口解决。我们只有提高那些重要用途、技术含量高的产品标准的水平,才有利于带动整个钢铁工业技术进步和产品质量提高,才能最终实现国产化,摆脱进口的束缚。 近年来,钢铁行业在国家良好的经济发展形式下,正大幅度的提高整体技术和装备水平。“十五”规划建设的宝钢5 000mm 宽厚板轧机工程项目,建成投产后其生产的锅炉钢板厚度可达到5～400mm 。作为我国第一套现代化的特宽幅宽厚板轧机,它的建设将带动我国宽厚板生产技术的跳跃式发展,对提升我国宽厚板产品档次,增强我国的综合国力,将发挥积极作用。我们应抓住国内钢铁技术和锅炉制造技术取得突破性进步这个机会,将新技术和新要求纳入锅炉钢板标准,并向国际先进水平标准靠拢,提高我国锅炉钢板标准的技术水平。 3. 3 　材料牌号 材料标准和技术条件是材料应用的载体。随着火电机组参数的提高,锅炉制造水平不断进步,ASME 会随着每三年一次修订和每年的增补, 根据建造ASME 规范产品的需要和冶金技术的发展,适当地在原有钢种基础上新纳入和增加代表当今世界最新材料技术水平的新型材料。例如,为适应超临界锅炉集箱封头端盖和支吊架等部件对耐热钢板的要求,最新的2004 版ASME 规范第II 卷材料A 篇中,新制订了SA -1017ΠSA -1017M 压力容器用铬-钼-钨合金钢板标准。我国锅炉用钢板标准在新型材料的纳标上炉钢板材料几乎没有纳入。显得滞后,往往跟不上锅炉制造技术的发展,现行的GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板与ASME 锅炉钢板标GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板已经使用了8 年之久,材料准中材料牌号之间的对比,见表1 所示。品种偏少,供用户选择的余地小,特别是高温用的锅 表1 　GB713 与ASME 锅炉钢板材料牌号对比 品种 材料 GB713   标准 材料 ASME   标准  碳锰钢 -16Mng   GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板 SA516 -55 SA516 -60   SA -516ΠSA -516M 常低温压力容器用碳钢板  - SA516 -65   19Mng   SA516 -70   20g - SA515 -60 SA515 -65   SA -515ΠSA -515M 中高温压力容器用碳钢板  22Mng   SA515 -70   锰铬锰钼钢 22Mng ---13MnNiMoNbg   SA -299 SA -202 GrA 、GrB SA -204 GrA 、GrB 、GrC SA -302 GrA 、GrB 、GrC 、GrD   SA -299ΠSA -299M 压力容器用碳锰硅钢板SA -202ΠSA -202M 压力容器用铬锰硅合金钢板SA -204ΠSA -204M 压力容器用钼合金钢板SA -302ΠSA -302M 压力容器用锰钼和锰钼镍合金钢板等同于德国标准BHW355 　　　　　　　　　  铬钼钢 -15CrMog   SA -387Gr2 SA -387Gr12   SA -387ΠSA -387M 压力容器用铬钼合金钢板  SA -387Gr11   - SA -387Gr22 、22L   - SA -387Gr21 、21L   - SA -387Gr5   - SA -387Gr9   - SA -387Gr91   - SA -387Gr911   12Cr1MoVg   -  -- SA -1017Gr23 SA -1017Gr911   SA -1017ΠSA -1017M 压力容器用铬钼钨合金钢板  - SA -1017Gr122   通过表1 对比可以看出,用于室温及中温(蠕变温度以下) 的碳锰系列锅炉钢板, GB713 共收纳了5 个牌号,可以满足亚临界以下火电机组锅炉中汽包锅筒、水冷壁集箱端盖、以及低温过热器和省煤器集箱端盖、支吊架等零部件的需要。对于ASME 中的锰铬、锰钼等系列标准中的钢板牌号,我国火电机组锅炉基本不使用,因此不需要纳入我国锅炉钢板标准。用于高温( 蠕变温度以上) 的铬钼系列锅炉钢板, GB713 -1997 中牌号只有2 个。其中15CrMog 最高使用温度为550 ℃,12Cr1MoVg 最高使用温度为565 ℃。而超临界火电机组锅炉中的高温过热器和再热器集箱等部件的金属壁温已经达到600 ℃以上,15CrMog 和12Cr1MoVg 已经达不到要求,因此应将ASME 标准中那些可以使用在600 ℃及以上的材料SA -387Gr22Π 22L 、SA -387Gr91 、SA -387Gr911 、SA -1017Gr122 等, 纳入我国的锅炉用钢板标准,以适应超临界火电机组锅炉技术的发展,提升我国冶金和机电产品的整体水平。 3. 4 　技术要求GB713 -1997 规定的技术要求,与ASME 锅炉钢板标准中规定的技术要求对比,见表2 。 从表2 中可以看出,ASME 锅炉钢板标准中的技术要求,除了化学成分和基本的力学性能必须保证外,其余大多是供不同的用户在不同的使用中,对钢板的技术要求做出不同选择的协议项目。ASME 充分体现了以市场为导向,以用户需求为目标的世界先 　第4 期　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　中美锅炉钢板标准的对比及发展 进标准的指导思想。而我国的锅炉用钢板标准显得微量元素、冶炼、锻造、热处理、金相组织等各种因素计划经济体制痕迹较重,起草和制修订标准时,对标的变化而变化的,它是一个帮助分析、判断材料的工准所使用的行业特点没有清楚的反映出来,对用户真艺和质量水平的有效方法。另外,当锅炉运行一段时正需要的技术要求和保证条款调查和重视不够,没有间后,通过材料的冷脆转变温度的变化情况,还可以达到生产型标准向贸易型标准转变的功效。帮助预测锅炉的运行寿命。因此在GB713 当中,应 根据表2 的对比分析发现,ASME 钢板标准都将将落锤试验或系列冲击试验,以及铬钼钢的硬度试验落锤试验作为钢板技术要求中的协议项目,这是因为等作为协议条款给出,方便用户在不同的使用条件下锅炉钢板冷脆转变温度的高低是随材料的化学成分、进行选择。 表2 　GB713 与ASME 锅炉钢板技术要求对比 技术指标 GB713   SA202   SA204   SA299   SA302   SA387   SA515   SA516   SA1017   化学成分 √   √   √   √   √   √   √   √   √   交货状态 Δ   Δ   √〔注2〕 √〔注3〕 √〔注3〕 √   √〔注3〕 √〔注2〕 √   常温拉伸 √   √   √   √   √   √   √   √   √   常温冲击 √   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   时效冲击 √〔注1〕 Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   冷弯试验 √   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   表面质量 √   √   √   √   √   √   √   √   √   无损探伤 Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   厚度方向拉伸 Δ   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   高温拉伸 Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   落锤试验 N   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   磁粉检验 N   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   奥氏体晶粒度 N   N   N   N   N   √〔注4〕 Δ   N   N   硬度 N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   √   〔注1〕:仅对20g 和16Mng 有要求。〔注2〕:厚度大于40mm 的钢板必须正火处理。〔注3〕:厚度大于50mm 的钢板必须正火处理。 〔注4〕:仅对Gr2 钢板有要求。√:规定或必检项目;Δ:协议项目;N: 没有规定 4 　结束语 材料是火电机组锅炉建造的基础和技术核心之一。美国ASME 规范把材料及其标准列为第二卷,作为整个规范的一个重要组成部分。ASME 钢材标准不仅是钢材生产部门的质量标准,而且是钢材使用单位(设计、制造、检验) 在选用、采购、验收、检验、加工时的依据。ASME 钢材标准是在市场经济模式下,由供需双方共同编制,且以反映钢材使用者的要求为主的标准。ASME 锅炉钢板标准看似十分繁多,但仔细分析却又体系明确、联系紧密、互相呼应、配套性强, 是锅炉建造中不可缺少的一部分。 相对比较而言,我国锅炉钢板仅有GB713 一个标准,其中的材料品种、牌号、等级等,都远远少于ASME 规范,使用上受到很大局限性。另外,我国过去是在计划经济体制下,主要以供方为主编制钢材质量标准,没有更全面地反映钢材使用者的要求和反映锅炉建造的要求,因此锅炉钢板标准在许多方面还不能满足用户需求。 中国锅炉制造行业和冶金行业需要共同努力,深入分析、理解ASME 规范等世界先进标准,找出我国锅炉钢板标准的不足,明确发展方向。今后应继续加大采用国际标准和国外先进标准的力度,积极促进ASME 规范中国化和ASME 钢材国产化,制修订出适合我国火电机组锅炉技术发展的先进的锅炉钢板标准,提升我国锅炉制造行业和冶金行业的整体水平, 更好的为经济建设服务。

船用钢板指按船级社建造规范要求生产的用于制造船体结构的热轧钢板材。  　　由于船舶工作环境恶劣，船体壳要受海水的化学腐蚀、电化学腐蚀和海生物、微生物的腐蚀；船体承受较大的风浪冲击和交变负荷；船舶形状使其加工方法复杂等因素、所以对船体结构用钢要求严格。首先良好的韧性是最关键的要求，此外，要求有较高的强度，良好的耐腐蚀性能、焊接性能，加工成型性能以及表面质量。为保质量和保证有足够的韧性，要求化学成分的Mn/C在2.5以上，对碳当量也有严格要求，并由船检部门认可的钢厂生产。船体用结构钢按照其最小屈服点划分强度级别为：一般强度结构钢和高强度结构钢。船体用结构钢分一般厚度和高强度钢两种，一般强度钢按质量分A、B、C和D四个等级；高强度钢又分两个强度级别和三个质量等级；AH32、DH32、EH32、AH36、DH36、EH36。  　　中国船级社规范标准的一般强度结构钢分为：A、B、D、E四个质量等级（即CCSA、CCSB、CCSC、CCSD）；中国船级社规范标准的高强度结构钢为三个强度级别、四个质量等级。  　　主要船级社规范有： 船用钢板　　中国 CCS  　　美国 ABS  　　德国 GL  　　法国 BV  　　挪威 DNV  　　日本 KDK  　　英国 LR  　　船体用结构钢的化学成分  　　钢  　　类 等级 化学成份（质量分数）（%）  　　C Mn si P S Al Nb V  　　一般  　　强度  　　钢 A ≤O.22 ≥2.5C O.10～0.35 ≤O.04 ≤0.04  　　B ≤O.21 O.60～1.00  　　D ≤O.21 0.60～1.00 ≥O.015  　　E ≤O.18 O.70～1.20 ≥0.015  　　高  　　强  　　度  　　钢 AH32 ≤O.18 O.70～1.60 0.10～O.50 ≤O.04 ≤0.04 ≥O.015  　　DH32 O.90～1.60  　　EH32 O.90～1.60  　　AH36 0.70～1.60 O.015～O.050 O.03O～O.10  　　DHB6 0.90～1.60  　　EH36 O.90～1.60  　　船体用结构钢的交货状态  　　钢材等级 厚度／mm 交货状态  　　A 6---40  　　热轧、控轧或正火  　　B 热轧、控轧或正火  　　D 6---32 热轧、控轧或正火  　　正火①②  　　E 6---32 钢板：正火；型钢；正火或控轧  　　AH32  　　AH36 6---32  　　>25--32 热轧、正火或控轧  　　正火①②  　　DH32  　　DH36 6---25  　　>20---32 正火或控轧②  　　正火①②  　　EH32  　　EH36 6---40 正火②  　　船体用结构钢的力学性能  　　钢材  　　等级  　　厚度  　　／mm  　　屈服点 ós  　　／MPa 抗拉  　　强度  　　ób／MPa 伸长率δ5  　　(％) v型冲击试验 冷弯试验  　　温度  　　／℃ 平均冲击吸收功  　　AKv／J 窄冷弯  　　b=2a  　　180℃ 宽冷弯  　　b=5a  　　120°  　　纵向 横向  　　≥ ≥ ≥  　　A ≤50 235 400～490 22 d=2a  　　B 0 27 20  　　d=3a  　　D —10 27 20  　　E 一40 27 20  　　AH32 ≤50 315 440～590 22 O 3l 22  　　d=3a  　　DH32 —20 31 22  　　EH32 —40 31 22  　　AH36 ≤50 355 490～620 21 O 34 24  　　d=3a  　　DH36 —20 34 24  　　EH36 —40 34 24  一般强度船体结构用钢分为A、B、C、D4个等级，这4个等级的钢材的屈服强度（不小于235N/mm^2）和抗拉强度（400～520N/mm^2）一样，只是不同温度下的冲击功不一样而已； 高强度船体结构用钢按其最小屈服强度划分强度等级，每一强度等级又按其冲击韧性的不同分为A、D、E、F4级。 A32、D32、E32、F32的屈服强度不小于315N/mm^2，抗拉强度440～570N/mm^2，A、D、E、F分别表示其各自可分别在0°、-20°、-40°、-60°的情况下所能达到的冲击韧性； A36、D36、E36、F36的屈服强度不小于355N/mm^2，抗拉强度490～620N/mm^2，A、D、E、F分别表示其各自可分别在0°、-20°、-40°、-60°的情况下所能达到的冲击韧性； A40、D40、E40、F40的屈服强度不小于390N/mm^2，抗拉强度510～660N/mm^2，A、D、E、F分别表示其各自可分别在0°、-20°、-40°、-60°的情况下所能达到的冲击韧性。 还有， 焊接结构用高强度淬火回火钢：A420、D420、E420、F420；A460、D460、E460、F460；A500、D500、E500、F500；A550、D550、E550、F550；A620、D620、E620、F620；A690、D690、E690、F690； 锅炉与受压容器用钢：360A、360B；410A、410B；460A、460B；490A、490B；1Cr0.5Mo、2.25Cr1Mo 机械结构用钢：一般可选用上述钢材； 低温韧性钢：0.5NiA、0.5NiB、1.5Ni、3.5Ni、5Ni、9Ni； 奥氏体不锈钢：00Cr18Ni10、00Cr18Ni10N、00Cr17Ni14Mo2、00Cr17Ni13Mo2N、00Cr19Ni13Mo3、00Cr19Ni13Mo3N、0Cr18Ni11Nb； 双相不锈钢：00Cr22Ni5Mo3N、00Cr25Ni6Mo3Cu、00Cr25Ni7Mo4N3。 复合钢板：适用于化学制品运输船的容器和液货舱； Z向钢：是在某一等级结构钢（称为母级钢）的基础上，经过特殊处理（如钙处理、真空脱气、氩气搅拌等）和适当热处理的钢材。 a

国家废钢标准为2004年发布，原1996年废钢标准也一起吊销。 由国家质量监督查验检疫总局、国家标准化办理委员会发布的新修正的《废钢铁》国家标准(GB4223-2004)经同意发布，于2004年12月1日起正式施行。     其间：    废 钢的碳含量一般小于2.0％，硫含量、磷含量均不大于0.050％。    非合金废钢中剩余元素应契合以下要求： 镍的质量分数不大于0．30％、铬的质量分数不大于0.30％、铜的质量分数不大于0.30％。除锰、硅以外，其他剩余元素含量总和(质量分数)不大于0.60％。    废钢按其用处分为熔炼用废钢和非熔炼用废钢。熔炼用废钢     熔炼用废钢按其外形尺度和单件分量分为5个类型： 重型废钢、中型废钢、小型废钢、统料型废钢、轻料型废钢。     各类型废钢尺度的正误差应不大于10％。    熔炼用废钢按其 化学成分分为非合金废钢、低合金废钢和合金废钢。非合金废钢、低合金废钢参照GB／T 13304的规矩。    熔炼用合金废钢按化学成分及首要合金元素含量分为6个钢类46个钢组，见附录B。    非熔炼用废钢不再分类，由供需双方协议断定。废钢铁标准(GB4223-2004)由国家质量监督查验检疫总局、国家标准化办理委员会发布的新修正的《废钢铁》国家标准(GB4223-2004)经同意发布，于2004年12月1日起正式施行。 现将部分内容摘要如下：4 分类废钢铁分为废铁和废钢两大类。4．1 废铁4．1．1 废铁的碳含量一般大于2.0%。优质废铁的硫含量（质量分数）和磷含量（质量分数）别离不大于0.07%和0.40%。普通废铁、合金废铁的硫含量（质量分数）和磷含量（质量分数）别离不大于0.12%和1.00%。高炉添加料的含铁量应不小于65.0%。4．1．2 废铁按其用处分为熔炼用废铁和非熔炼用废铁。4．1．2．1 熔炼用废铁4．1．2．1．2 铁屑冷压块的密度不小于3000kg/m3。在运送和卸货时，散落的铁屑量不大于批量的5％，压块满意掉落性实验。4．1．2．1．3 经供需双方协议，也可直销表1规矩以外品种和尺度的废铁。4．1．2．2 非熔炼用废铁非熔炼用废铁不再分类，由供需双方协议断定。4．2 废钢4．2．1 废钢的碳含量一般小于2.0％，硫含量、磷含量均不大于0.050％。4．2．2 非合金废钢中剩余元素应契合以下要求：镍的质量分数不大于0．30％、铬的质量分数不大于0.30％、铜的质量分数不大于0.30％。除锰、硅以外，其他剩余元素含量总和(质量分数)不大于0.60％。4．2．3 废钢按其用处分为熔炼用废钢和非熔炼用废钢。4．2．3．1 熔炼用废钢4．2．3．1．1 熔炼用废钢按其外形尺度和单件分量分为5个类型，如表2规矩。4．2．3．1．2 各类型废钢尺度的正误差应不大于10％。4．2．3．1．3 熔炼用废钢按其化学成分分为非合金废钢、低合金废钢和合金废钢。非合金废钢、低合金废钢参照GB／T 13304的规矩。4．2．3．1．4 熔炼用合金废钢按化学成分及首要合金元素含量分为6个钢类46个钢组，见附录B。4．2．3．2 非熔炼用废钢不再分类，由供需双方协议断定。5 技能要求5．1 废钢铁有必要分类。5．2 废钢铁的单件外形尺度不大于1500mm，单件分量不大于1500kg。5．3 关于单件表面有锈蚀的废钢铁，其每面附着的铁锈厚度不大于单件厚度的10％。5．4 废钢铁内不该混有铁合金、有害物；非合金废钢、低合金废钢不该混有合金废钢和废铁；合金废钢内不该混有非合金废钢、低合金废钢和废铁。废铁内不该混有废钢。5．5 废钢铁表面和器材、打包件内部不该存在泥块、水泥、粘砂、油污以及搪瓷等。5．6 废钢铁中制止混有炮弹等爆炸性兵器弹药及其他易燃易爆物品。制止混有两头关闭的管状物、关闭器皿等物品。制止混有橡胶和塑料制品。5．7 废钢铁中不该有成套的机器设备及结构件(如有，则有必要拆解且压碎或压扁成不行复原状)。各利，形状的容器(罐筒等)应全部从轴向割开。机械部件容器(发动机、齿轮箱等)应铲除易燃晶和润滑剂的剩余物。5．8 废钢铁中制止混有其浸出液中有害物质浓度超越GB 5085.3中辨别标准值的有害废物。5．9 废钢铁中制止混有其浸出液中超越GB 5085.1中辨别标准值即pH值不小于12.5或不大于2.0的搀杂物。5．10 废钢铁中制止混有含量超越GBl3015操控标准值的有害物。5．11 钢铁中从前盛装液体和半固体化学物质的容器、管道及其碎片，有必要清洗洁净。进口废钢铁有必要向查验组织申报容器、管道及其碎片从前盛装或输送过的化学物质的首要成分。5．12 废钢铁中不该混有下列有害物；----医药废物、废药品、医疗临床废物；----农药和除草剂废物、含木材防腐剂废物；----废乳化剂、有机溶剂废物；----精(蒸)馏残渣、燃烧处置残渣；----感光材料废物；----铍、六价铬、砷、硒、镉、锑、碲、、、铅及其化合物的废物，含氟、、酚化合物的废物；----石棉废物；----厨房废物、卫生间废物等。5．13 废钢铁中制止搀杂放射性废物。废钢铁的放射性污染按以下要求操控：----废钢铁的外照耀贯穿辐射剂量率不能高于0.46μSv／h；----废钢铁的。表面放射性污染水平检测值，不能超越0.04 Bq／cm2；β表面放射性污染水平检测值，不能超越0.4 Bq／cm2；----废钢铁中放射性核素比活度制止超越GBl6487.6的规矩。5．14 废钢铁各查验批中非金属搀杂物(不含非金属有害废物)的总分量，不该超越该查验批分量的千分之五。5．15 废旧兵器由供方作技能性的安全查看后按有关规矩处理。5．16 非熔炼用废钢铁运用后，其制品的性能指标满意有关标准的规矩，且不该对大众人身安全、产业、环保等形成危险或损害。6 查验项目与查验办法6．1 查验项目6．1．1 单件的外形尺度、分量和厚度的抽样查验。6．1．2 搀杂物及清洁性的查验。6．1．3 有害物及放射性物质的查验。6．1．4 硫、磷、铬、镍、钼、钨、锰、铜等化学元素的检查查验。6．1．5 打包件的掉落实验。6．1．6 废钢铁中其他项目的查验，依据到货批的实际情况，进行检查。6．2 查验办法6．2．1 查验所需样品的取样办法由供需双方洽谈断定。6．2．2 本标准5.8条查验按GB 5085.3的规矩进行。6．2．3 本标准5.9条查验按GB 5085.1的规矩进行。6．2．4 本标准5.10条的查验，按GBl3015的规矩进行。6．2．5 本标准5.13条的查验，按SN 0570的规矩进行。6．2．6 废钢样品的制样按GB／T 222-1984的规矩进行，废铁样品的制样按GB／T 719的规矩进行。化学分析按附录A规矩的或通用办法进行，但裁定分析时应按附录A有关规矩进行。6．2．7 对废钢铁的品种、清洁性、搀杂物、外形尺度、单件分量等项目，运用衡器、卷尺等查验手法或其他检测手法进行测定。6．2．8 打包件(压块)的掉落实验：在一个查验批中随机抽取5块打包件(压块)。打包件(压块)从高于金属板或水泥板1.5m处落下三次(自由落体)，此刻打包件(压块)不该有大于其分量10％的掉落物。7 查验规矩7．1 需方可对每批废钢铁进行检查查验。可将一个交货批分红多个查验批进行查验。7．2 每个查验批应由同一类型、类别以及同一钢组或牌号(合金钢)废钢铁组成。7．3 各交货批废钢铁查验后，应扣除搀杂物、铁锈等杂质的分量。8 运送和质量证明书8．1 发运装车(船)时，每车厢(船舱、集装箱)一般只允许装载同一类型(类别)、同一钢组(合金钢)的废钢铁。为补足车厢(船舱、集装箱)载重时，也可装两个以上类型(类别)、钢组的废钢铁，但应阻隔，作出清晰标识，不该混放。8．2 废钢铁交货时，每个交货批有必要附有质量证明书，进口废钢铁需一起附有放射性查验证明书。质量证明书中应注明：供方称号、废钢铁的类型类别、每批分量，合金废钢还需注明钢组以及相应的化学成分等。

2012年7月29日，中国稀土行业协会第一届常务理事会第二次会议上，《关于授予赣州市为“稀土王国”的提案》获得顺利通过，报工信部同意，命名赣州市为"稀土王国"，标志着赣州市被正式授予为"稀土王国"的称号。赣州是离子型稀土的发现地和命名地，拥有着丰富的离子型中重稀土资源。全市18个县(市、区)都有稀土资源分布，面积多达6000多平方公里，累计查明离子型稀土资源储量92万吨，保有离子型稀土资源储量45.69万吨，在国内外同类型矿种中是位居第一的。近年来，赣州稀土产业得到飞速发展。2011年，全市稀土产业主营业务收入、利税总额分别为373.89亿元、96.80亿元，同比分别增长1.49倍和3.73倍，稀土产业已成为赣州市发展速度最快的产业。全市稀土产业规模以上企业65家，初步形成了上下游配套的产业链：稀土矿山生产能力，约占全国同类矿的80%；稀土分离规模达4.16万吨/年；金属生产能力达2.4万吨/年，约占全国60%；钕铁硼生产能力2万吨，2011年的产量和销售收入已跃居全国区域第四位；稀土陶瓷形成年产稀土刀具500万把(套)的能力，排名全国第一。同时，生产的钇基重稀土复合球化剂、钇基稀土钢用复合变质剂、钇基重稀土铜添加剂等稀土添加剂产品获国家多项专利。经过快速发展，赣州已成为全国最大的稀土原矿、冶炼生产基地，稀土资源综合利用基地，形成了从矿山勘查、开采、冶炼、加工、贸易、研发的完整体系，在我国稀土行业具有举足轻重的地位。  

steel sheets and plates for shipbuilding造船钢板 　　造船钢板是指用造船专用结构钢生产的，用于制造远洋、沿海和内河航行的船舶的船体结构的薄钢板和厚钢板。 　　造船用结构钢包括碳素钢和低合金钢，钢号的末尾标有C（船）。 　　碳钢素有2C、3C、4C和5C，低合金钢有12MnC、16MnC、15MnTiC、14MnVTiReC等钢种。厚度为2.5~50毫米。 CCSA中国船级社认证A板，CCSB中国船级社认证B板差100块以内。  造船钢板的规格和材质 商标可分为，国标，日标，美标，德标等  根据造船钢板材质可分为一般船板和高强度船板  一般船板有A，B，C，D，E级，高强度船板可分为AH32/36 ，EH32/36，DH32/36 。

薄钢板（也叫黑铁皮）  　　薄钢板—指厚度小于或等于4mm的钢板，包括普通薄钢板（如普通碳素钢、花纹钢及酸洗薄钢板）、优质薄钢板（碳素结构钢、合金结构钢、工具钢等薄钢板（如镀锌、镀锡及镀铅等薄钢板）。 薄钢板理论重量：薄钢板厚度（mm）理论重量（kg/m2）厚度（mm）理论重量（kg/m2）厚度（mm）理论重量（kg/m2）0.201.570.755.891.814.130.251.960.806.282.015.700.302.360.907.072.217.270.352.751.007.852.519.360.403.141.18.642.821.980.453.531.29.423.023.550.503.931.310.213.225.120.554.321.410.993.527.480.604.711.511.783.829.830.655.101.612.563.930.620.705.501.713.354.031.40     薄钢板是符合厚度等于或小于4mm的各种热轧和冷轧的钢板。有许多品种：热轧普通薄钢板、冷轧普同薄钢板、热轧优质薄钢板、冷轧优质薄钢板以及电镀、镀锌、涂层、复合等薄钢板。虽然品种多，材质也不同，但其尺寸、外形、重量计算方法大同小异，计算公式：  W（kg/m2）=0.00785*宽*厚

它是热轧钢板、镀锌钢板上涂0.4-0.5mm的软质或半硬质聚氯乙烯塑料薄膜制成，具有耐热、耐腐蚀性能，可做墙板。 　　彩色涂层钢板简述: 　　在钢板上涂上有机涂料，涂料可以有各种不同的颜色，彩色涂层钢板由此而得名，简称彩板，也称有机涂层钢板。由于彩色涂层钢板是在钢板加工成型前先涂上涂料，在国外也称为预涂层钢板。彩涂板有机涂层起了覆盖隔离作用，可防止钢板生锈，使用寿命更长。 　　彩涂板的基板有冷轧基板、热镀锌基板、电镀锌基板、热镀铝锌基板。　　彩涂板的面漆涂层种类可以分为：聚酯、硅改性聚酯、偏聚氟乙烯、高耐久性聚酯等。　　生产工艺从一涂一烘发展到二涂二烘，也出现三涂三烘的工艺。　　彩涂板的表面状态可以分为正常涂层板、压花板、印花板等。 　　彩涂板主要用途分为建筑、家电和交通运输等。由于彩涂板不仅色彩鲜艳，还具有优良的成型性和耐久性，使用寿命长等优点，还大量节省客户的清洗脱脂和油漆作业的设备成本和人工。因此，彩色涂层钢板已广泛应用在我国的建筑业（大型工业厂房、大型仓库、简易活动室、室内装饰板、机场建筑物、现代化大型飞机库、大型体育馆等）预热隔热夹芯板、大型冷藏库、彩涂钢板制门窗、卷帘门及钢制家具。在家电行业中用于冰柜、洗衣机。电子工业应用在仪表开关箱外壳、录音机机芯等。其它如候车厅，售票亭，办公室隔墙等，应用正不断扩大。　　PCM彩板即连续辊涂彩色钢板，其色彩鲜艳，不仅具有良好的成型加工性、漆膜耐腐蚀性和柔韧性，又具有良好的经济效益，满足社会经济、环保发展的要求。根据ECCA（欧洲卷涂协会）数据统计，PCM彩板在生产效率、周转储存、环保效应、外观效果方面均优于传统的喷粉板材，其综合成本仅相当于喷粉板材的90%左右，因此，在欧美地区家电外装饰材料几乎都采用该类彩板；目前在国内，以海尔集团为代表，喷粉板材正逐渐被彩板所取代。　　在传统PCM彩板的基础上，海尔彩板公司通过整合全球资源，研制开发出导电PCM彩板及辊涂工艺的砂面PCM彩板，成为国内唯一的砂面PCM彩板的生产基地。产品不仅符合欧盟的ROHS环保标准，且经国家科委、经贸委鉴定，产品性能品质均已达到国际领先水平。　　彩色予涂钢板PCM,将传统的喷涂涂装变成钢板的连续涂布，便于表面处理及涂布质量的控制，又不存在涂装易产生的棱边死角等缺陷；而且采用无铬处理液进行辊涂式化学处理后直接干燥，无传统浸涂式化学处理对环境的污染和破坏，满足环保要求。 　　产品特点： 　　彩色予涂钢板PCM板材色彩鲜艳，既具有钢板的强度和良好的成型加工性，又能够满足高速、精密加工设备的要求。而PCM得以高速发展的主要原因，其具有良好的经济效益同时也能满足社会经济、环保发展的要求。　　在连续机组上以冷轧带钢，镀锌带钢（电镀锌和热镀锌）为基板，经过表面预处理（脱脂和学处理），用辊涂的方法，涂上一层或多层液态涂料，化经过烘烤和冷却所得的板材即为涂层钢板。由于涂层可以有各种不同的颜色，习惯上把涂层钢板叫做彩色涂层钢板。又由于涂层是在钢板成型加工之前进行的，在国外这叫做预涂层钢板. 　　工艺流程 　　彩色涂层钢板是以冷轧钢板和镀锌钢板为基板，经过表面预处理（脱脂、清洗、化学转化处理），以连续的方法涂上涂料（辊涂法），经过烘烤和冷却而制成的产品。 　　常见的二涂二烘型连续彩色涂层机组工艺流程主要生产工序为：开卷→预处理→涂敷→烘烤→后处理→卷取。 　　产品用途： 　　涂层钢板具有轻质、美观和良好的防腐蚀性能，又可直接加工，它给建筑业、造船业、车辆制造业、家具行业、电气行业等提供了一种新型原材料，起到了以钢代木、高效施工、节约能源、防止污染等良好效果。使用镀锌钢板为基板的彩色涂层钢板，除有锌保护外，锌层上的有机涂层起了覆盖隔离作用，可防止钢板生锈，使用寿命比镀锌钢板更长，据介绍涂层钢板的使用寿命比镀锌钢板长50%。 　　但是，在不同的地区和不同的使用部位，采用相同镀锌量、同种涂料、相同涂层厚度的彩色涂层板，其使用寿命会有很大的不同。例如，在工业区或沿海地区，由于受到空气中二氧化硫气体或盐分的作用，腐蚀速度加快，使用寿命受到影响。 　　在雨季，涂层长期受雨水浸湿、或者在日夜温差太大易结露的部位，都会较快地受到腐蚀，使用寿命均会降低。 　　用彩色涂层钢板制造的建筑物或厂房，经常受到雨水冲洗时使用寿命较长，否则，由于受二氧化硫气体、盐和灰尘的作用而影响使用。因此，在设计时，若屋顶的倾斜度越大，则越不容易积聚灰尘等污物，使用寿命越长；对于那些不受雨水经常冲洗的区域或部位，应定期用水冲洗。　　彩涂钢板分类 　　彩色涂层钢板产品可以采用冷轧基板、热镀锌基板和电镀锌基板。 　　按基板分类的彩色涂层钢板种类如下： 　　彩 色 涂 层 钢 板 　　冷轧基板彩色涂层钢板 　　热镀锌彩色涂层钢板 　　热镀铝锌彩色涂层钢板 镀5%铝锌彩色涂层钢板 　　镀55%铝锌彩色涂层钢板 　　电镀锌彩色涂层钢板 　　其它 印花彩板 　　金属压花彩板 　　■冷轧基板彩色涂层钢板 　　由冷轧基板生产的彩色板，具有平滑美丽的外观，且具有冷轧板的加工性能；但是表面涂层的任何细小划伤都会把冷轧基板暴露在空气中，从而使露铁处很快生成红锈。因此这类产品只能用于要求不高的临时隔离措施和作室内用材。 　　■热镀锌彩色涂层钢板 　　把有机涂料涂复在热镀锌钢板上得到的产品即为热镀锌彩涂板。热镀锌彩涂板除具有锌的保护作用外，表面上的有机涂层还起了隔绝保护、防止生锈的作用，使用寿命比热镀锌板更长。热镀锌基板的含锌量一般为180g/m2（双面），建筑外用热 　　镀锌基板的镀锌量最高为275g/m2。 　　■热镀铝锌彩涂板 　　根据要求，也可以采用热镀铝锌钢板作为彩涂基板（55%AI-Zn和5%AI-Zn）。 　　■电镀锌彩涂板 　　用电镀锌板为基板，涂上有机涂料烘烤所得的产品为电镀锌彩涂板，由于电镀锌板的锌层薄，通常含锌量为20/20g/m2，因此该产品不适合使用在室外制作墙、屋顶等。但因具有美丽的外观和优良的加工性能，因此主要可用于家电、音响、钢家具、室内装潢等。 　　■涂料 　　涂料是一种流动状态或粉末状态的有机物，涂敷于底材上能干燥固化形成一层薄膜，均匀地覆盖和良好地附着。其主要性能为防护性（如耐潮湿性、耐水性、耐候性、耐化学性等）和装饰性（具有各种不同的颜色和光泽）。 　　■涂料的组成及其作用 　　各种不同的涂料，都有四个部分组成，即（1）树脂（2）颜料（3）溶剂（4）助剂。其中溶剂是挥发分，其作三个部分基本是不挥发分。 　　（1）树脂 　　树脂即成膜物质，是涂料中的最主要成分和基础，也称基料，它是决定涂膜性质的主要因素。要求作为成膜物质的树脂在 　　涂料储存期内相当稳定，不发生明显的物理变化和化学变化；在成膜时，在规定的条件下，能迅速固化成膜。 　　树脂种类繁多，在卷材涂料中常用的树脂有酸树脂、环氧树脂、聚酯树脂和聚基酯树脂等。不同的树`脂，其物理性能和化学性能、以及耐候性、耐蚀性等是不一样的。 　　（2）颜料 　　颜料须与树脂配合使用，在涂料中的主要作用是使涂膜着色，颜料比例不同会影响涂膜硬度、光泽度以及耐蚀性等。 　　（3）溶剂 　　溶剂是液态涂料的重要组成部分，在涂料烘干过程中是能挥发的成分。一般也用溶剂调节涂料粘度，这种用于调节涂料粘度的溶剂称为稀释剂。溶剂对涂料的制造、贮存、涂敷、漆膜的形成和成膜质量有着很大的影响。 　　（4）助剂 　　助剂是为改善涂料性能而加入的少量添加剂。助剂在涂料中用量极少，作用却显著，如有的能改进涂料和涂膜的性能，有的能改善烘干时间、有的能防止涂膜产生病态等。助剂种类繁多，有催干剂、固化剂、流平剂、消泡剂、消光剂，稳定剂等。 　　几乎绝大部分液态涂料都由上述四个成分中的某些原料组成，其中最主要的是树脂，这是任何涂料都少不了的。可以说树脂（有时加溶剂和助剂）就是透明漆，再加入颜料就可成各种色漆。 　　彩色涂层钢板用涂料一般根据用途分为两大类：即建筑用和家电用。建筑用涂料根据使用环境的不同，在环氧树脂、聚酯树脂、聚氯乙烯塑料溶胶、硅改性聚酯和聚偏氟乙烯中选择。家电用涂料一般彩聚酯树脂。 一、什么叫做彩色涂层钢板 现代的彩色涂层钢板是在连续机组上以冷轧带钢、镀锌钢带(电镀锌和热镀锌)和热镀锌一铝合金钢带等为基板，经过表面预处理(脱脂和化学处理)，用辊涂或覆膜等方法，涂覆上一层或多层有机涂层，经过烘烤和冷却所得到的涂装产品即为涂层钢板。由于涂层可以有各种不同的颜色，因此，又称之为“彩色涂层钢板”。又由于涂层是在钢板成型加工之前进行的，在国外亦称之为“预涂层钢板”或‘卷涂”。 二、彩色涂层钢板是由哪几部分构成的 彩色涂层钢板的构成，大体上可分为基材、镀层、化学转化膜和有机涂层4大部分。 三、彩色涂层钢板的涂料品种有哪几大类 按彩色涂层钢板的涂料形态分类，则有液体涂料、粉末涂料、塑料薄膜三大类。 四、用于生产彩色涂层钢板的基材主要有哪几种 按基板分类的彩色涂层钢板的种类，主要有以下四大类别：(1)冷轧基板彩色涂层钢板。(2)热镀锌彩色涂层钢板。(3)热镀铝锌彩色涂层钢板。(4)电镀锌彩色涂层钢板。 五、在剪切彩色涂层钢板时，应注意哪些问题? 彩色涂层钢板根据用途要进行剪切、弯曲、成型等各种加工。由于钢板表面有锌层和有机涂层，加工时有许多与普通冷轧钢板不同的地方，须特别注意，以防加工时涂膜受损。影响剪切的因素包括：(1)材料的力学性能；(2)刀具的形状及间隙；(3)工具面的摩擦及润滑；(4)加工速度和温度等。在剪切彩色涂层钢板时应特别注意以下事项：(1)应尽量使切断面的毛边短小，以防彩色涂层钢板在剪切堆垛时相互划伤；(2)及时清除剪断时产生的切屑和金属粉，否则会损伤钢板表面，成为擦伤或腐蚀生锈的根源；(3)彩色涂层钢带剪切时，与彩色接触的辊子应为胶辊或其他材料，与彩色钢板接触的台面应铺上橡皮垫并保持清洁，防止彩板涂膜损伤。

耐磨钢板以及耐磨钢板的特点耐磨钢板的性能特点:1.很高的耐磨性能： strongplate耐磨钢板耐磨层厚度3-12㎜，耐磨层硬度可以达到HRC58-62，耐磨性能是普通钢板的15-20倍以上，是低合金钢板性能5-10倍以上，是高铬铸铁耐磨性能2-5倍以上，耐磨性远远高于喷焊和热喷涂等方法。  2.较好的冲击性能： Strongplate耐磨钢板是双层金属结构，耐磨层和基材之间是冶金结合，结合强度高，可在受冲击的过程中吸收能量，耐磨层不会脱落，可以应用到振动、冲击较强的工况条件下，这一点是铸造耐磨材料和陶瓷材料所不及的。3.很好的耐温性能： Strongplate耐磨钢板合金碳化物在高温下有很强的稳定性能，耐磨钢板可以在500℃内使用，其他特殊要求温度可以定制生产，能够满足1200℃以内条件下使用；陶瓷、聚脂、高分子材料等采取粘贴方式耐磨材料无法满足如此高温要求。4.很好的连接性能： Strongplate耐磨钢板基材是普通Q235钢板，保证耐磨钢板具有韧性和塑性，提供抵抗外力的强度，可以采取焊接、塞焊、螺栓连接等多种方式和其他结构进行联系，连接牢固，不容易脱落，连接方式多于其他材料；5.很好的选择性能： Strongplate耐磨钢板选择不同厚度基材，堆焊不同层数和厚度的合金耐磨层，可以得到不同厚度和不同用途的钢板，最大厚度可达到30㎜以上；6.很好的加工性能： Strongplate耐磨钢板能够按要求加工成不同规格尺寸，可以进行加工、冷弯成型、焊接、弯曲等，方便使用；可以现场拼焊成型，使维修更换工作变得省时、方便，大大降低工作强度。7.很好的性价格比： Strongplate耐磨钢板价格较普通材料有所提高，但考虑到产品使用寿命，综合考虑维修费用、备件费用和停机损失，其性能价格比远高于普通钢板和其他材料　　双金属复层耐磨钢板是专供大面积磨损工况使用的板材产品，是在韧性、塑性很好的普通低碳钢或者低合金钢表面通过堆焊方法复合一定厚度的硬度较高、耐磨性优良的耐磨层而制成的板材产品。 　　双金属复合耐磨钢板由低碳钢板和合金耐磨层两部分组成，抗磨层一般占总厚度的1/3－1/2。工作时由基体提供抵抗外力的强度、韧性和塑性等综合性能，由耐磨层提供满足指定工况需求的耐磨性能。 　　耐磨钢板合金耐磨层和基体之间是冶金结合。通过专用设备，采用自动焊接工艺，将高硬度自保护合金焊丝均匀地焊接在基材上，复合层数一层至两层以至多层，复合过程中由于合金收缩比不同，出现均匀横向裂纹，这是耐磨钢板的显著特点。 　　耐磨层主要以铬合金为主，同时还添加锰、钼、铌、镍等其它合金成份，金相组织中碳化物呈纤维状分布，纤维方向与表面垂直。碳化物显微硬度可以达到HV1700-2000以上，表面硬度可达到HRc58-62。合金碳化物在高温下有很强的稳定性，保持较高的硬度，同时还具有很好的抗氧化性能，在500℃以内完全正常使用。 　　耐磨钢板具有很高耐磨性能和较好冲击性能好，能够进行切割、弯曲、焊接等，可采取焊接、塞焊、螺栓连接等方式与其他结构进行连接，在维修现场过程中具有省时、方便等特点，广泛应用于冶金、煤炭、水泥、电力、玻璃、矿山、建材、砖瓦等行业，与其他材料相比，有很高的性价比，已经受到越来越多行业和厂家的青睐 　　技术参数　　　硬度，HRC　　　耐磨层厚度≤4mm：HRC54-58； 　　耐磨层厚度＞4mm：HRC56-62　　　外观参数　　　平整度：5mm／M　　　性能描述　　　1、高耐磨性 　　合金层的化学成分中碳含量达4～5％，铬含量高达25～30％，其金相组织中Cr7C3碳化物的体积分数达到50％以上，宏观硬度为HRC56～62，碳化铬的硬度为HV1400～1800。由于碳化物成于磨损方向相垂直分布，即使与同成分和硬度的铸造合金相比较，耐磨性能提高一倍以上。与几种典型的材料耐磨性对比如下：　　　（1）与低碳钢；20～25：1 　　（2）与铸态高铬铸铁；1.5～2.5：1 　　2、良好的耐冲击性： 　　耐磨复合钢板的底层为低碳钢或低合金。不锈钢等韧性材料，体现双金属的优越性，耐磨层抵抗磨损介质的磨损，基板承受介质的载荷，因此有良好的耐冲击性。可以承受物料输送系统中承受高落差料斗等冲击和磨损。 　　3、较好的耐热性： 　　耐磨层推荐使用在≤600℃工况下使用，若在合金层中加入钒，钼等合金，可以承受≤800℃的高温磨损。　　　推荐使用温度如下： 　　普通碳钢基板推荐不高于380℃工况使用； 　　低合金耐热钢板（15CrMo，12Cr1MOV等）基板推荐不高于540℃工况使用； 　　耐热不锈钢基板推荐在不高于800　℃工况使用。 　　4、好的耐腐蚀性 　　耐磨复合钢板的合金层中含有高百分比的金属铬，故具有一定防锈和耐腐蚀能力。用于落煤筒和漏斗等场合可以做到防止粘煤。 　　5、品种规格齐全 　　耐磨复合钢板规格全，品种多，已成商品系列化。耐磨合金层的厚度在3～20mm。复合钢板的厚度最薄为6mm，厚度不限。目前，标准耐磨复合钢板可提供1200或1450×2000mm，也可根据用户需求，按图纸尺寸定做加工。耐磨复合钢板现分为普通型、耐冲击型和高温型三种，定购高温耐磨和耐冲击型复合钢板要说明。 　　6、方便的加工性能 　　耐磨复合钢板可以切割，弯曲或卷曲、焊接和打孔，它可以加工成普通钢板可以加工的各种部件。切割好的复合板可以拼焊成各种工程结构件或零部件。　　　功能及特点　　　可焊接、耐磨性能好。

一、钢板（包括带钢）的分类：　　1、按厚度分类：（1）薄板（2）中板（3）厚板（4）特厚板　　2、按生产方法分类：（1）热轧钢板（2）冷轧钢板　　3、按表面特征分类：（1）镀锌板（热镀锌板、电镀锌板）（2）镀锡板（3）复合钢板（4）彩色涂层钢板　　4、按用途分类：（1）桥梁钢板（2）锅炉钢板（3）造船钢板（4）装甲钢板（5）汽车钢板（6）屋面钢板（7）结构钢板（8）电工钢板（硅钢片）（9）弹簧钢板（10）其他二、普通及机械结构用钢板中常见的日本牌号　　1、日本钢材（JIS系列）的牌号中普通结构钢主要由三部分组成：第一部分表示材质，如：S（Steel）表示钢，F（Ferrum）表示铁；第二部分表示不同的形状、种类、用途，如P(Plate)表示板，T（Tube）表示管，K(Kogu)表示工具；第三部分表示特征数字，一般为最低抗拉强度。如：SS400¡¡第一个S表示钢(Steel)，第二个S表示“结构”（Structure），400为下限抗拉强度400MPa，整体表示抗拉强度为400 MPa的普通结构钢。　　2、SPHC¡¡首位S为钢Steel的缩写，P为板Plate的缩写，H为热Heat的缩写，C商业Commercial的缩写，整体表示一般用热轧钢板及钢带。　　3、SPHD¡¡表示冲压用热轧钢板及钢带。　　4、SPHE¡¡表示深冲用热轧钢板及钢带。　　5、SPCC¡¡表示一般用冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带，相当于中国Q195-215A牌号。其中第三个字母C为冷Cold的缩写。需保证抗拉试验时，在牌号末尾加T为SPCCT。　　6、SPCD¡¡表示冲压用冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带，相当于中国08AL（13237）优质碳素结构钢。　　7、SPCE¡¡表示深冲用冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带，相当于中国08AL（5213）深冲钢。需保证非时效性时，在牌号末尾加N为SPCEN。冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带调质代号：退火状态为A，标准调质为S，1/8硬为8，1/4硬为4，1/2硬为2，硬为1。　　表面加工代号：无光泽精轧为D，光亮精轧为B。如SPCC-SD表示标准调质、无光泽精轧的一般用冷轧碳素薄板。再如SPCCT-SB表示标准调质、光亮加工，要求保证机械性能的冷轧碳素薄板。　　8、JIS机械结构用钢牌号表示方法为：S+含碳量+字母代号（C、CK），其中含碳量用中间值×100表示，字母C：表示碳 K：表示渗碳用钢。如碳结卷板S20C其含碳量为0.18-0.23%。三、我国及日本硅钢片牌号表示方法　　1、中国牌号表示方法：　　（1）冷轧无取向硅钢带（片）表示方法：DW+铁损值（在频率为50HZ，波形为正弦的磁感峰值为1.5T的单位重量铁损值。）的100倍+厚度值的100倍。如DW470-50 表示铁损值为4.7w/kg，厚度为0.5mm的冷轧无取向硅钢，现新型号表示为50W470。　　（2）冷轧取向硅钢带（片）表示方法：DQ+铁损值（在频率为50HZ，波形为正弦的磁感峰值为1.7T的单位重量铁损值。）的100倍+厚度值的100倍。有时铁损值后加G表示高磁感。如DQ133-30表示铁损值为1.33，厚度为0.3mm的冷轧取向硅钢带（片），现新型号表示为30Q133。　　（3）热轧硅钢板热轧硅钢板用DR表示，按硅含量的多少分成低硅钢（含硅量≤2.8%）、高硅钢（含硅量＞2.8%）。　　表示方法：DR+铁损值（用50HZ反复磁化和按正弦形变化的磁感应强度最大值为1.5T时的单位重量铁损值）的100倍+厚度值的100倍。如DR510-50表示铁损值为5.1，厚度为0.5mm的热轧硅钢板。家用电器用热轧硅钢薄板的牌号用JDR+铁损值+厚度值来表示，如JDR540-50。　　2、日本牌号表示方法：　　（1）冷轧无取向硅钢带由公称厚度（扩大100倍的值）+代号A+铁损保证值（将频率50HZ，最大磁通密度为1.5T时的铁损值扩大100倍后的值）。如50A470表示厚度为0.5mm，铁损保证值为≤4.7的冷轧无取向硅钢带。　　（2）冷轧取向硅钢带由公称厚度（扩大100倍的值）+代号G：表示普通材料，P：表示高取向性材料+铁损保证值（将频率50HZ，最大磁通密度为1.7T时的铁损值扩大100倍后的值）。如30G130表示厚度为0.3mm，铁损保证值为≤1.3的冷轧取向硅钢带。

08F钢板化学成分08F钢板牌号08F钢板化学成分（质量分数）（%）CSiMnCrNiCu≤08F0.05~0.11≤0.030.25~0.500.100.300.25 08F钢板力学性能08F钢板牌号拉力强度MPa屈服点MPa断后伸长率（%）断面收缩率（%）08F2951753560

电镀锌钢板，是指采用电镀锌工艺镀锌的钢板。与热镀锌钢板相比，镀锌层厚度薄，但成本低。电镀锌也叫冷镀锌，就是利用电解原理，在制件表面形成均匀、致密、结合良好的锌镀层的过程。与其他 金属 相比，锌是相对便宜而又易镀覆的一种 金属 ，属低值防蚀电镀层，被广泛用于保护钢铁件，特别是防止空气氧化腐蚀，并用于装饰。镀锌板是指表面镀有一层锌的钢板。镀锌是一种经常采用的经济而有效的防腐方法。全世界锌 产量 的一半左右均用于此种工艺。镀锌是为防止钢板表面遭受腐蚀延长其使用寿命。镀锌板 市场 概况及生产消费现状近几年，我国镀锌板的生 产量 在逐年增加，出进口量也在逐年增加，增长幅度高于生 产量 的增加；扣除生产重复统计后，镀锌板消费量约为527万吨。1999年以后，进口量超过了生 产量 ，国内产品的自给率不足50％，并且有逐年降低的趋势。镀锌板消费量的增加主要依靠进口。近几年镀锌板进口逐年增长、进口的品种主要是电镀锌板，但电镀锌板进口的比例逐年降低；相应地，热镀锌板进口比例逐年增加，2003年我国热镀锌板的进口量第一次超过了电镀锌板的进口量。电镀锌钢板的特点：用电镀法制造这种镀锌钢板具有良好的加工性，但镀层较薄，耐腐蚀性不如热浸法镀锌板。

patterned section  花纹钢板　　花纹钢板表面带有凸起(或凹陷)花纹的钢板。 　　花纹钢板也称网纹钢板，是其表面具有菱形或突棱的钢板。 　　花纹可以是单一的菱形、扁豆形或圆豆形，也可以由两种或两种以上花纹适当地组合成为组合型花纹板。 　　花纹主要起防滑和装饰作用。组合型花纹板的防滑能力、抗弯能力、节约金属量及外观等方面的综合效果，均明显优于单一型花纹板。 　　花纹钢板广泛用于造船、锅炉、汽车、拖拉机、火车车厢及建筑等行业。 　　花纹钢板由于其表面有突棱，有防滑作用，可用作地板、厂房扶梯、工作架踏板、船舶甲板、汽车底板等。 　　花纹钢板用于车间、大型设备或船舶走道和楼梯的踏板，是表面压出菱形或扁豆形花纹的钢板。 　　钢板是由普通碳素钢1-3号乙类钢生产的，厚度为2.5-8毫米，宽度为600-1800毫米，长度为2000-12000毫米。 　　花纹钢板的规格以基本厚度(突棱的厚度不计)表示，有2.5-8毫米10种规格。花纹板钢板用1-3号。  　　花纹钢板用钢牌号按GB/T700(碳素结构钢）、GB/T712(船体用结构钢）和GB/T4171(高耐候性结构钢）的规定供应。 　　乙类普通碳素结构钢轧制，化学成分符合GB700《普通碳素结构钢技术条件》的规定。  　　花纹板高不小于基板厚度0.2倍；  　　花纹钢板按实际重量或理论重量交货；  　　标记示例：用Q235-A制成的，尺寸为4*1000*4000mm.  　　圆豆花纹钢板，其标记为：圆豆形花纹钢板Q235-A-4*1000*4000-GB/T 3277-91  　　菱形花纹钢板，其标记为：菱形花纹钢板板B 3-4*1000*4000-GB 3277-82  　　钢板以热轧状态交货；花纹钢板表面不得有气泡、结疤、拉裂、折叠和夹杂、钢板不得有分层。  　　表面质量分为两级：  　　普通精度：钢板表面允许有薄层氧化铁皮、铁锈、由于氧化铁皮脱落所形成的表面粗糙和高度或深度古超过允许偏差的其他局部缺陷。花纹上允许有不明显的毛刺和高度不超过纹高的个别痕迹。单个缺陷的最大面积不超过纹长的平方。  　　较高精度：钢板表面允许有薄层氧化铁皮、铁锈和高度或深度不超过厚度公差之半的其他局部缺陷。  　　花纹完整无损，花纹上允许有高度不超过厚度公差之半的局部的轻微毛刺。型号 尺寸，mm 理论重量h b d kg/m10 100 68 4.5 11.26112.6 126 74 5 14.22314 140 80 5.5 16.8916 160 88 6 20.51318 180 94 6.5 24.14320a 200 100 7 27.92920b 200 102 9 31.06922a 220 110 7.5 33.0722b 220 112 9.5 36.52425a 250 116 8 38.10525b 250 118 10 42.0328a 280 122 8.5 43.49228b 280 124 10.5 47.88832a 320 130 9.5 52.71732b 320 132 11.5 57.74132c 320 134 13.5 62.76536a 360 136 10 30.03736b 360 138 12 65.68936c 360 140 14 71.34140a 400 142 10.5 67.59840b 400 144 12.5 73.87840c 400 146 14.5 80.15845a 450 150 11.5 80.4245b 450 152 13.5 87.48545c 450 154 15.5 94.5550a 500 158 12 93.65450b 500 160 14 101.50450c 500 162 16 109.35456a 560 166 12.5 106.31656b 560 168 14.5 115.10856c 560 170 16.5 123.963a 630 176 13 121.40763b 630 178 15 131.29863c 630 180 17 141.189(12) 120 74 5 13.987（24a） 240 116 8 37.477（24b） 240 118 10 41.245（27a） 270 122 8.5 42.825（27b） 270 124 10.5 47.064（30a） 300 126 9 48.084（30b） 300 128 11 52.794（30c） 300 130 13 57.504（55a） 550 166 12.5 105.335（55b） 550 168 14.5 113.97（55c） 550 170 16.5 122.605注：h－高度；b－腿宽度；d－腰厚度；（）表示经供需双方协议可供应（）中所规定的工字钢。 热轧槽钢理论重量速查表    （根据GB/T707－1988）型号 尺寸、mm 理论重量h b d kg/m5 50 37 4.5 5.4386.3 63 40 4.8 6.6348 80 43 5 8.04510 100 48 5.3 10.00712.6 126 53 5.5 12.31814a 140 58 6 14.53514b 140 60 8 16.73316a 160 63 6.5 17.2416b 160 65 8.5 19.75218a 180 68 7 20.17418b 180 70 9 2320a 200 73 7 22.63720b 200 75 9 25.77722a 220 77        7 24.99922b 220 79        9 28.45325a 250 78 7 27.4125b 250 80 9 31.33525c 250 82 11 35.2628a 280 82 7.5 31.42728b 280 84 9.5 35.82328c 280 86 11.5 40.21932a 320 90 8 38.08332b 320 88 10 43.10732c 320 90 12 48.13136a 360 92 9 47.81436b 360 96 11 5.46636c 360 98 13 59.11840a 400 100 10.5 58.92840b 400 102 12.5 65.20840c 400 104 14.5 71.488(6.5) 65 40 4.3 6.709(12) 120 53 5.5 12.059（24a） 240 78 7 26.86（24b） 240 80 9 30.628（24c） 240 82 11 34.396（27a） 270 82 7.5 30.838（27b） 270 84 9.5 35.077（27c） 270 86 11.5 39.316（30a） 300 85 7.5 34.463（30b） 300 87 9.5 39.173 花纹板理论重量速查表（根据GB/T3277－1991）基本 理论重量，kg/m²厚度 菱形 扁豆 圆豆2.5 21.6 21.3 21.13 25.6 24.4 24.33.5 29.3 28.4 28.34 33.4 32.4 32.34.5 37.3 36.4 36.25 42.3 40.5 40.25.5 46.2 44.3 44.16 50.1 48.4 48.17 59 52.6 52.48 66.8 56.4 56.2

钢板镀锌是提高钢板耐锈蚀性能、装饰美观的一种工艺手法。目前，最常用的钢板镀锌方法是热镀锌。镀锌钢板是为防止钢板表面遭受腐蚀，延长其使用寿命，在钢板表面涂以一层 金属 锌，这种涂锌的钢板称为镀锌板或镀锌钢板。镀锌钢板广泛用于建筑、轻工、汽车、家电、电子、农牧渔业、商品包装等 行业 。近几年，我国建筑、家电等 行业 对镀锌板需求增长很快， 市场 潜力较大，尤其是近年来随着建筑轻型结构的迅速发展，轿车 产量 的逐年增加，家用电器的广泛普及，合资、独资企业电子产品的大量出口，使镀锌板的消费量增长较快。按生产方式分，镀锌板分为热镀锌板和电镀锌板。目前，国内镀锌板的生产无论是数量还是品种均不能满足 市场 需求，每年需要大量进口，国内镀锌板生产 市场 占有率较低，国内 市场 供不应求， 市场 潜力巨大。热镀锌钢板，将薄钢板浸入熔解的锌槽中，使其表面粘附一层锌的薄钢板。目前主要采用连续镀锌工艺生产，即把成卷的钢板连续浸在熔解有锌的镀槽中制成镀锌钢板；电镀锌钢板，用电镀锌法制造这种镀锌钢板具有良好的加工性。但镀层较薄，耐腐蚀性不如热浸法镀锌板；单面镀和双面差镀锌板，单面镀锌钢板，即只在一面镀锌的产品。在焊接、涂装、防锈处理、加工等方面，具有比双面镀锌板更好的适应性。为克服单面未涂锌的缺点，又有一种在另面涂以薄层锌的镀锌板，即双面差镀锌板；合金化镀锌板，这种钢板也是用热浸镀锌法制造，但在出槽后，立即把它加热到500℃左右，使其生成锌和铁的合金被膜。这种镀锌板具有良好的涂料的密着性和焊接性；合金、复合镀锌板，它是用锌和其他 金属 如铅、锌制成合金乃至复合镀成的钢板。这种钢板既具有卓越的防锈性能，又有良好的涂装性能。国内镀锌钢板生产消费存在的主要问题：生产品种不全；缺少锌合金镀层板；生产规格单一；生 产量 不足，机组能力小。钢板镀锌能有效地延长钢板的腐蚀时间，使得钢板的利用价值得到提升，目前钢材 市场 的镀锌钢板的 价格 也在小幅度的上涨。

2012年8月8日在中国包头•稀土产业(国际)论坛上，经中国稀土行业协会审议通过，报工信部同意，包头市正式被命名为"稀土之都"。据不完全统计，包头市目前的稀土储量约占据中国的87%，稀土产品出口量占全国的一半。包头市具有全国惟一一个以稀土冠名的国家级高新区--稀土高新区。一起，作为中国甚至全球最大的单一稀土出产加工企业，包钢稀土的控股股东包钢集团具有全球最大的稀土矿产，包头还具有包头稀土院等专业研制机构和人才，开展稀土的条件得天独厚。从2002年起，包头市将稀土开采权统一到包钢集团。2008年，8家稀土规划出产企业共同投资组建了内蒙古包钢稀土国际贸易有限公司，对稀土实行五统一，改变了稀土质料无序出产和供大于求的情况，与此同时也增强了掌控稀土价格的话语权。现在，包头市已初步构成稀土采选矿、冶炼、深加工及终端产品的科研、开发、出产等较为完善的稀土工业体系。

冶炼不锈钢，一般采用不氧化法、氧化法和返回吹氧法冶炼工艺，而采用返回吹氧法，用不锈钢废钢直接进行冶炼，则成本低，效益高。如今在国外一些发达国家，大多采用返回料吹氧法冶炼不锈钢。但这种冶炼方法所用的不锈钢废钢约占原料总量的50-80%，若没有不锈钢废钢资源，就成了无米之炊 在江浙、广东等地区，一些小企业采用感应炉熔化废钢作为原料生产不锈钢管、棒材，一些企业以不锈钢材为原料进一步再加工生产不锈钢带、焊管、线、丝等产品，也有一些小加工厂以废不锈钢可利用的边角料生厂弯头、螺丝、螺杆、化工配件等。看你到底是什么用了，一般就机械加工而言，普遍认为不锈钢硬度高，强度大，表面处理（镀铬等）较麻烦。 不锈钢种类繁多，按金相组织划分时，有马氏体型、奥氏体型、铁素体型和双相型不锈钢等。按化学成分划分时，可分为铬不锈钢和铬镍不锈钢两大系统，分别以Cr13和Cr18Ni8钢为代表，其他的不锈钢都是在这两种钢的基础上发展的。 所以看你加工到底是怎么用，比较起铁来说，不锈钢的加工要困难点中国用于冶炼不锈钢的我国，镍、铬资源贫乏，过去我国的不锈钢应用领域远没有现在这么广，不锈钢产量也小自给率不足３０％，主要依靠进口，每年产生的不锈钢废资源很少，不锈钢废钢及镍、铬等资源的供需矛盾日趋突出。在我国不锈钢废钢更为紧缺，每年几乎没有多少不锈钢废钢可以回收。二是不锈钢使用寿命较长，在数年乃至几十年内不会报废。因此，不锈钢废钢则更少。因此我国的不锈钢废钢，有很大一部分依靠进口。 　　不锈废钢的分类和不锈钢的用途密切相关，主要有以下几个来源：　　1. 生活废料：　　日常生活中使用过的报不锈废钢器具等(旧料)，我国从日本、韩国进口的不锈废钢大部分是属于此类，只能回炉做炉料使用。 厨房设备、餐具等，主要钢种是SUS304、430。 食品加工行业主要制造食品加工机械及容器，如粮食、啤酒饮料、乳品加工设备、速冻冷藏设备等主要钢种是304、321、1cr13及抗菌型铁素体不锈钢。 　　2. 工业废料：　　工业生产过程中剪切、冲压下来的边角料（新料）包括一些可直接利用的管、棒、板等，数量较少。城市景观工程主要以不锈钢焊管为主，车行业主要是汽车排气管用铁素体不锈钢409，其它行业如城市供水工程、环保及石化、电力行业，也有不少不锈废钢产生。油、气、酸的泵及容器是大量产生不锈废钢罐、管、泵、阀的大市场。主要钢种为18/8不锈钢。 　　由于不锈废钢品种规格繁多,因此需加强对各类合金废钢的分选、加工和仓储的管理。 　　面对废钢吨钢消耗逐年下降、铁矿石消耗大幅增长的局面，中国废钢铁应用协会断言，未来电炉炼钢将逐步替代转炉炼钢的优势，废钢炉料亦将逐步替代铁矿石的主导地位，随着中国铁矿石资源短缺且世界铁矿石资源有限，钢铁增长过程中应：少吃矿石、多吃废钢。 　　据日前召开的「2007年第三届国际金属回收市场及技术论坛」提供的资料，进入21世纪以来，中国废钢铁应用呈现以下特点： 　　一、粗钢产量大幅增加，6年增长2.9亿吨，增幅225.9%，平均每年递增4800万吨，进入钢铁产量的高增长期。 　　二、废钢消耗总量大幅增加，6年增长3800万吨，增长幅130.14%，平均每年递增633万吨，但低于粗钢增长速度，显示废钢资源供应不足。 　　三、废钢吨钢消耗逐年下降，6年下降67kg/吨钢，降幅29.52%。而铁矿石消耗出现大幅增长，且远大于废钢消耗的增长率，意味着以铁矿石的高消耗，弥补废钢资源偏紧的资源配置倾向，发展令人担忧。 　　对此，中国废钢铁应用协会直指，“少吃矿石，多吃废钢”是历史发展的必然。而在阐述上述观点时该协会强调，《钢铁产业发展政策》明确指出要“逐步减少铁矿石比例和增加废钢比重”。减少原生资源的开采，增加循环资源的利用，实现资源合理配置，为实现钢铁工业可持续发展的重大战略决策。该协会进一步解释表示，据大陆钢协近期公布的资料显示，到2001年全球探明可开采铁矿石资源储量1400亿吨，储藏量基础3100亿吨。而近10年来，全球铁矿石产量每年在10亿吨以上，2005年全球粗钢产量11.29亿吨，消耗铁矿超过13亿吨，可供开采约100-200年。 　　到2004年大陆铁矿资源基础储量为219.7亿吨，可开采保有储量118亿吨。大陆铁矿石每年开采量将超过6亿吨，照此计算，在现行开采技术条件下，中国的铁矿石开采期只有20-40年，形势相当严峻。 　　铁矿石为原生资源，原生资源是有限的，不可再生的，终有枯竭的时候，而资源危机已成定势，如何节制开采、科学调整资源配置势在必行。废钢铁为钢铁生产中唯一能替代铁矿石的原料，最大限度地开发、应用废钢铁资源，成为缓解铁矿石资源危机的重要途径。随着全球经济发展，以未来的钢铁工业格局而言，电炉炼钢将会逐步替代转炉炼钢的优势，废钢炉料亦将逐步替代铁矿石的主导地位，预料在本世纪内，废钢铁将成为钢铁工业的重要支撑产业，而少量的对铁矿石的开采和应用将作为资源自然消耗的补充。 　　中国废钢铁应用协会表示，中国要加快工业化进程，世界要加快全球经济的发展，钢铁工业将保持持续增长，资源消耗的增加是必然的。但大陆铁矿石资源短缺，世界铁矿石资源有限，若沿袭传统的发展模式，以大量原生资源的消耗来实现工业化是难以为继的，为减少钢铁增长对铁矿石的依赖，就必须大力发展回圈经济-少吃矿石、多吃废钢，以促进资源的高效利用、全球的生态平衡。

湖北恩施市是迄今为止全球唯一探明独立硒矿床所在地，硒矿蕴藏量居世界第一，它还是世界天然生物硒资源最富集的区域，被誉为“世界第一天然富硒生物圈”，并在2011年举行的第十四届世界人与动物微量元素大会（简称TEMA14大会）上荣获“世界硒都”的称谓。恩施市的硒资源具有散布广、储量大、埋藏浅等特色，全市含硒碳质页岩和石煤出出面积为850平方公里，矿层厚度3.6—9米，硒矿储量达50多亿吨，每吨含硒500—5500克，最高达84公斤。硒矿首要赋存于二迭系茅口组二段(硅质岩段)地层中，首要散布在沐抚—板桥、罗针田—马者—铁厂坝、向家村—奇羊坝、中间河—黄村—沙地花被、双河—红土溪—石窑、芭蕉—盛家等地。双河渔水坝(前坪背斜与太山庙背斜之间双河向斜南西段)是湖北省地质矿产局第二地质大队勘察的一个规模可观的独立硒矿床。该矿床的发现和勘查，填补了全世界无独立硒矿床的空白。双河渔水坝硒矿的中心矿区范围长6千米，宽1.5千米，面积0.88平方公里，已探明硒储量64万吨，含硒量均值3637.5mg/kg，最高达6300mg/kg，含硒档次为230-6300mg/kg。恩施市现有耕地79.4万亩，草地3.12万亩，林地327.08万亩，以硒矿床为中心的城镇均为高硒区，土壤中的硒含量最高可达178.8ppm，平均19.11ppm，占全市总面积的73%，境内粮食作物、畜禽产品、中草药及山泉水中硒含量极为丰富，形成了一个共同的富硒生物圈。这些物产既可作富硒粮食食用，更可作富硒新产品的原料进行深加工，提取硒蛋白和重要酶类。近年来，该区域重点扶植富硒绿色食品工业，扶持本地企业，引入外资企业，大力发展现富硒茶叶、山野菜、食用油、中草药等富硒工业，已开始形成了以富硒农产品为龙头的加工企业集群，产品除满足国内需求外，还远销日本、韩国、欧洲、美国和港台区域。

钢板是钢材四大品种（板、管、型、丝）之一，在发达国家，钢板产量占钢材生产总量50%以上，随着我国国民经济的发展，钢板生产量逐渐增长。    钢板是一种宽厚比和表面积都很大的扁平钢材。钢板按厚度分为薄板和厚板两大规格。    薄钢板是用热轧或冷轧方法生产的厚度在0.2-4mm之间的钢板。薄钢板宽度在500-1400mm之间。根据不同的用途，薄钢板采用不同材质钢坯轧制而成。通常采用材质有普碳钢、优碳钢、合金结构钢、碳素工具钢、不锈钢、弹簧钢和电工用硅钢等。它们主要用于汽车工业、航空工业、搪瓷工业、电气工业、机械工业等部门。薄钢板除轧制后直接交货之外，还有经过酸洗的、镀锌和镀锡等种类。    厚钢板是厚度在4mm以上的钢板的统称，在实际工作中，常将厚度小于20mm的钢板称为中板，厚度＞20mm至60mm的钢板称为厚板，厚度＞60mm的钢板则需在专门的特厚板轧机上轧制，故称特厚板。厚钢板的宽度从0.6mm-3.0mm。厚板按用途又分造船钢板、桥梁钢板、锅炉钢板、高压容器钢板、花纹钢板、汽车钢板、装甲钢板和复合钢板等。    钢板的一个分支是钢带，钢带实际上是很长的薄板，宽度比较小，常成卷供应，也称为带钢。钢带常在多机架连续式轧机上生产，切成定尺长度后就是钢带，因此生产率比单张机制时高。    一、中厚板    （一）普通中厚钢板    1、普碳钢沸腾钢板（GB3274-88）    普碳钢沸腾钢板顾名思义是由普通碳素结构钢的沸腾钢热轧制成的钢板。沸腾钢是一种脱氧不完全的钢材，钢液含氧量较高，当钢水注入钢锭模后，碳氧反应产生大量气体，造成钢液呈沸腾状态而得名。沸腾钢含碳量低，且由于不用硅铁脱氧，故钢中含硅量常＜0.07%。沸腾钢的外层是在沸腾状态下结晶的，所以表层纯净、致密，表面质量好，加工性能良好。沸腾钢没有大的集中缩孔，用脱氧剂少，钢材成本低。沸腾钢心部杂质多，偏析较严重，力学性能不均匀，钢中气体含量较多，韧性低、冷脆和时效敏感性较大，焊接性能较差，故不适用于制造承受冲击截荷，在低温下工作的焊接结构件和其他重要结构件。    沸腾钢板大量用制造各种冲压件、建筑及工程结构和一些不太重要的机器结构和零件。其材质的牌号、化学成分和力学性能符合GB700-79（88）（普通碳素结构钢技术条件）中沸腾钢的规定。热轧中厚钢板厚度为4.5-200mm。生产单位主要有鞍钢、武钢、马钢、太钢、重庆钢厂、邯郸钢铁总厂、新余钢厂、柳州钢厂、安阳钢钢公司、营口中板厂和天津钢厂等。    2、普碳钢镇静钢板（GB3274-88）    普碳镇静钢钢板是由普通碳素结构钢镇静钢坯热轧制成的钢板。镇静钢是脱氧完全的钢，钢液在注锭前用锰铁、硅铁和铝等进行充分脱氧，钢液在钢锭模中较平静，不产生沸腾状态，故得名为镇静钢。镇静钢的优点是化学成分均匀，所以各部分的机械性能也均匀，焊接性能和塑性良好、抗腐蚀性较强。但表面质量较差，有集中缩孔，成本也较高。    普通镇静钢板主要用于生产在低温下承受冲击的构件、焊接结构及其他要求较高强度的结构件。其材质的牌号、化学成分和力学性能符合GB700-79（88）（普通碳素结构钢技术条件）中镇静钢的规定。钢板的规格尺寸厚度4.5-200mm。生产单位主要有鞍钢、武钢、舞阳钢铁公司、马钢、太钢、重庆钢厂、邯郸钢铁总厂、新余钢厂、柳州钢厂、安阳钢铁公司、天津钢厂、营口中板厂、上钢一、三厂、韶关钢铁厂和济南钢铁厂等。    3、低合金结构钢板（GB3274-88）    低合金结构钢板是由低合金结构钢热轧制成的。低合金钢板都是镇静钢和半镇静钢板。其优点是强度较高、性能较好、能节省大量钢材、减轻结构重量等。低合金结构钢板越来越广泛用于机械制造和金属结构件等。热轧钢板厚度为4.5-200mm。生产单位包括鞍钢、武钢、舞阳钢铁公司、马钢、重庆钢厂、新余钢厂、柳州钢厂、昆明钢铁公司、天津钢厂、韶关特钢厂、安阳钢铁公司、上钢一、三厂和太钢等。    4、一般结构用热连轧钢板（GB2517-81）    主要用于建筑、桥梁、车辆等一般结构。钢板（带）厚度从1.2-13.0mm；宽度从700-1550mm；长度从2000-12000mm。    5、焊接结构用耐候钢板（GB4172-84）    耐候钢即耐大气腐蚀钢。焊接结构用耐候钢是在钢中加入少量的合金元素，如钢、铬、镍、钼、铌、钛、锆和钒等，使其在金属基体表面形成保护层，以提高钢材的耐候性，以及良好的焊接性能。主要用于桥梁、建筑及其他结构。    6、高耐候性结构钢钢板（GB4171-84）    耐候钢即耐大气腐蚀济。在钢中加入少量合金元素，如钢、磷、铬、镍、钼铌、钛、锆和钒等，使在金属基体表面形成保护层面提高钢材的耐候性能。主要适用于建筑、车辆、塔架和其他结构件。    7、花纹钢板（GB3277-82）    花纹钢板是其表面具有菱形或扁豆形突棱的钢板。其规格以其本身厚度（突棱的厚度不计）表示。花纹板具有防滑作用，常用作地板、厂房扶梯、工作架踏板、船舶甲板和汽车底板等。花纹板的材质用普通碳素结构钢的B1、B2和B3牌号钢轧制而成，其化学成分符合GB700-79（普通碳素结构钢技术条件）的规定。生产单位主要有鞍钢和安阳钢铁公司等。    8、桥梁用钢板（YB168-70）    桥梁钢板是专用于架造铁路或公路桥梁的钢板。要求有较高的强度、韧性以及承受机车车辆的载荷和冲击，且要有良好的抗疲劳性、一定的低温韧性和耐大气腐蚀性。拴焊桥梁用钢还应具有良好的焊接性能和低的缺口敏感性。主要用于铁路桥和公路桥其跨度在46-160mm之间的结构件。其规格：厚度从6-50mm、宽度从1.0-2.4mm、长度从2.0-16mm。我国生产桥梁用钢板主要有鞍钢、武钢、上钢三厂和重庆钢厂等单位。    9、船体结构用钢板（GB712-88）    船体结构用钢板简称船用板。由于船舶工作环境恶劣，船体壳要受海水的化学腐蚀、电化学腐蚀和海生物、微生物的腐蚀；船体承受较大的风浪冲击和交变负荷；船舶形状使其加工方法复杂等因素、所以对船体结构用钢要求严格。首先良好的韧性是最关键的要求，此外，要求有较高的强度，良好的耐腐蚀性能、焊接性能，加工成型性能以及表面质量。为保质量和保证有足够的韧性，要求化学成分的Mn/C在2.5以上，对碳当量也有严格要求，并由船检部门认可的钢厂生产。船体用结构钢分一般厚度和高强度钢两种，一般强度钢按质量分A、B、C和D四个等级；高强度钢又分两个强度级别和三个质量等级；AH32、DH32、EH32、AH36、DH36、EH36。    船体结构用钢板主要用于制造远洋、沿海和内河航运船舶的船体、甲板等的钢板。产品规格：厚度4.5-50mm、宽度1.0-2.2mm、长度4.0-12.0m。我国主要由武钢、马钢、上钢一、三厂、太钢、昆明钢铁公司和天津钢厂等生产。    10、锅炉用钢板（GB713-86）    按用途分，锅炉分工业锅炉和电站锅炉用两大类。工业锅炉通常是工业企业用于供热，属小型锅炉，其所用钢材为普通碳素结构钢和低合金结构钢。电站锅炉属大、中型锅炉，对钢材质量有特殊要求，一般要求具有优良综合性能的合金钢来制造。主要用于制作固定锅炉、船体锅炉及其他锅炉重要附件。钢板厚度从6-120mm。生产单位主要有鞍钢、武钢、上钢三厂、舞阳钢铁公司、柳州钢厂、重庆钢厂、太钢、昆明钢铁公司等生产。

65锰钢板价格,国内65锰钢板仍弱势盘整，市场成交较为冷清，钢厂公布采购价格低且量少，65锰钢板生产厂家信心差，亏损严重，较多地区小企业停炉、大厂选择减产，出口市场仍冷清，国际硅锰价格低于国内报价。国内65锰钢板FeMn65Si17市场出厂综合报价在6700-7100元/吨，FeMn60Si14市场报价在5400-6000元/吨，出口FOB报价在1030-1200美元。国内65锰钢板走势仍无起色，各地硅锰厂家亏损严重，钢厂采购价格低且采量少，虽目前各家报价暂无跌幅，但均表示，由于较多钢厂定价低，市场实际成交价格又有所小幅下调，较多厂家成本高，只能关停炉子，暂时不对外销售，以应对当前弱势。从矿石方面来看，同样受制于成交冷清，价格继续处于弱势，但由于国外矿石报价高，进口锰矿价格暂无太大跌幅，港口贸易商也不敢操作，对于短期内市场，各方均认为，由于整个钢铁体系的走弱，65锰钢板价格较难出现回暖可能，但市场大批硅锰企业关停，现货资源紧张致使个别地区价格小幅上调也不无可能。国内主要市场65锰钢板出厂价格继续持稳，市场成交略有转好。今日湖南地区的主流成交价维持在12300元/吨，部分厂家有12200元/吨的价格出货。目前市场上除重庆秀山地区有厂家陆续复工意以外其他地区产量基本稳定，下游需求近期也无太大的变动，这也是近期65锰钢板价格一直稳定的原因，厂家对后市也是比较茫然。有消息称民营钢厂本月第一次碰头会将于近日进行，本月的产量将成为主要探讨议题，之前外界一直预计本月民营钢厂将会继续减产。65锰钢板出口价格仍在2300美元/左右，尽管市场上询盘有所增加，但采购依然低迷。不过现在不锈钢行业已经开始出现回暖迹象，65锰钢板做为上游原料也会受到影响，不过有一定的滞后性。预计近期65锰钢板价格仍将平稳运行，长期或许有小幅上涨的可能。

镀锌板是为防止钢板表面遭受腐蚀，延长其使用寿命，在钢板表面涂以一层 金属 锌，这种涂锌的钢板称为镀锌板或镀锌钢板。镀锌板广泛用于建筑、轻工、汽车、家电、电子、农牧渔业、商品包装等 行业 。近几年，我国建筑、家电等 行业 对镀锌板需求增长很快， 市场 潜力较大，尤其是近年来随着建筑轻型结构的迅速发展，轿车 产量 的逐年增加，家用电器的广泛普及，合资、独资企业电子产品的大量出口，使镀锌板的消费量增长较快。按生产方式分，镀锌板分为热镀锌板和电镀锌板。目前，国内镀锌板的生产无论是数量还是品种均不能满足 市场 需求，每年需要大量进口，国内镀锌板生产 市场 占有率较低，国内 市场 供不应求， 市场 潜力巨大。镀锌板按生产及加工方法可分为以下几类：①热浸镀锌板将薄钢板浸入熔解的锌槽中，使其表面粘附一层锌的薄钢板。目前主要采用连续镀锌工艺生产，即把成卷的钢板连续浸在熔解有锌的镀槽中制成镀锌钢板；②合金化镀锌板这种钢板也是用热浸镀锌法制造，但在出槽后，立即把它加热到500℃左右，使其生成锌和铁的合金被膜。这种镀锌板具有良好的涂料的密着性和焊接性；③电镀锌板用电镀锌法制造这种镀锌钢板具有良好的加工性。但镀层较薄，耐腐蚀性不如热浸法镀锌板；④单面镀和双面差镀锌板单面镀锌钢板，即只在一面镀锌的产品。在焊接、涂装、防锈处理、加工等方面，具有比双面镀锌板更好的适应性。为克服单面未涂锌的缺点，又有一种在另面涂以薄层锌的镀锌板，即双面差镀锌板；⑤合金、复合镀锌板它是用锌和其他 金属 如铅、锌制成合金乃至复合镀成的钢板。这种钢板既具有卓越的防锈性能，又有良好的涂装性能。镀锌板的外观（1）表面状态：镀锌板由于涂镀工艺中处理方式不同，表面状态也不同，如普通锌花、细锌花、平整锌花、无锌花以及磷化处理的表面等。（2）镀锌板应具有良好的外观，不得有对产品使用有害的缺陷，如无镀、孔洞、破裂以及浮渣、超过镀厚、擦伤、铬酸污垢、白锈等。国外标准对具体外观缺陷规定都不十分明确。国内镀锌板生产消费存在的主要问题1、生 产量 不足，机组能力小2、生产品种、规格、质量有待提高①生产品种不全②生产规格单一③缺少锌合金镀层板④热镀锌板原料自给率低总之，高质量、高档次的热镀锌板，尤其是汽车、家电用镀锌板，要求具有非常高的表面质量、优良的板型、不同的合金化镀层、深冲性能良好、强度高。因此，生产高质量热镀锌板生产是一个系统工程，对冶炼、连铸、热轧、冷轧、镀锌等一系列生产工序均提出质量一贯制的要求，生产难度较大。 

电工钢板（又称硅钢片、矽钢片）是指一种含碳量极低（经退火后，含碳量在0.005％以下）的硅铁软磁合金，一般硅含量为0.5％～4.5％，铁中加入硅可以提高其电阻率和最大导磁率。主要用来制造各种变压器、电动机和发电机的铁芯。电工钢板分为两大类，即取向电工钢板和无取向电工钢板。 开发电工钢板一种具有高导电性能和高耐蚀性的无铬钢板 ,据说这种无铬耐蚀的高导电性钢板是在其表面上涂复了一层很薄的无铬涂层 ,这种涂层既能提供耐蚀性又提高了其导电性。日本钢公司开发的一种新型电工钢板

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板，俗称冷板。　　冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。 　　一般来说，冷轧钢板分为三代产品：沸腾钢为第一代，铝镇静钢为第二代，无间隙原子刚（IF钢）为第三代。   您查询的关键词是：冷轧钢板  。如果打开速度慢，可以尝试快速版；如果想保存快照，可以添加到搜藏。 "冷轧钢板""2,冷轧钢板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.56",,"2.5","6000x1200 7000x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","22.25""0.45",,"4.01",,"2.75",,"24.48""0.5",,"4.45",,"3.0",,"26.70""0.6",,"5.34",,"3.5",,"31.50""0.7",,"6.23",,"4.0",,"35.60""0.8",,"7.12",,"4.5",,"40.05""0.9",,"8.01",,"5.0",,"44.50""1.0",,"8.90",,"5.5",,"48.95""1.1",,"9.79",,"6.0",,"53.40""1.2",,"10.68",,"6.5",,"57.85""1.35",,"12.02",,"7.0",,"62.30""1.5",,"13.35",,"7.5",,"66.75""1.65",,"14.60",,"8.0",,"71.20""1.8",,"16.02",,"9.0",,"80.10""2.0",,"17.80",,"10.0",,"89.00""2.25",,"20.03""冷轧铜条""2,冷轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.20","200~400","500~800","1.78",,"2.50","200~500","500~2000","22.25""0.25",,,"2.23",,"2.75",,,"24.48""0.30",,,"2.67",,"3.00",,"1000~2000","26.70""0.35",,,"3.12",,"3.50",,,"31.15""0.40","200~500","500~2000","3.56",,"4.00",,,"35.60""0.45",,,"4.01",,"4.50",,,"40.05""0.50",,,"4.45",,"5.00",,,"44.50""0.60",,,"5.34",,"5.50",,,"48.95""0.70",,,"6.23",,"6.00",,,"53.40""0.80",,,"7.12",,"6.50",,,"57.85""0.90",,,"8.01",,"7.00",,,"62.30""1.00",,,"8.90",,"8.00",,,"71.20""1.20",,,"10.68",,"9.00",,,"80.10""1.30",,,"11.57",,"10.00",,,"89.00""1.40",,,"12.46",,"11.00",,,"97.90""1.50",,,"13.35",,"12.00",,,"106.8""1.60",,,"14.69",,"13.00",,,"115.7""1.80",,,"16.02",,"14.00",,,"124.6""2.00",,,"17.80",,"15.00",,,"133.5""注 铜板和条(热轧,冷轧)的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4和TU和TUP,其化学成分应符合YB145-71规定""特殊用冷轧黄铜条""3,特殊用冷轧黄铜条(YB555-65)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)""0.20","200~300","500~1000","1.76",,"1.6","200~500","500~2000","14.08""0.25",,,"2.20",,"1.8",,,"15.84""0.30","200~400",,"2.64",,"2.0",,,"17.60""0.35",,,"3.08",,"2.5",,,"22.00""0.40","200~500",,"3.52",,"2.75",,,"24.20""0.45",,,"3.96",,"3.0",,,"26.40""0.50",,"500~2000","4.40",,"3.5",,,"30.80""0.55",,,"4.84",,"4.0",,,"35.20""0.60",,,"5.28",,"4.5",,,"39.60""0.70",,,"6.16",,"5.0",,,"44.00""0.80",,,"7.04",,"5.5",,,"48.40""0.90",,,"7.92",,"6.0",,,"52.80""1.0",,,"8.8",,"6.5",,,"57.20""1.2",,,"10.56",,"7.0",,,"61.60""1.3",,,"11.44",,"8.0",,,"70.40""1.4",,,"12.32",,"9.0",,,"79.20""1.5",,,"13.20",,"10.0",,,"88.00""注 (1)标记举例:用H80制成的,厚度为0.8mm,宽度为300mm,长度为1000mm的1/2硬条标记为:"" 条H80-Y20.8x300x1000YB555-65."" (2)冷轧条分为定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.""多面体的体积和表面积""多面体的体积和表面积""图形",,"尺寸符号",,"重心(G)""立方体",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方体∧棱柱∨",,,,"G0=h/2""三棱柱",,,,"Go=h/2""棱锥",,,,"Go=h/4""棱台""圆柱和空心圆柱∧管∨",,,,"Go=h/2""斜线直圆柱""直圆锥",,,,"Go=h/4""圆台""球",,,,"在球心上""球扇形∧球楔∨",,,,"Go=3/4(r-h/2)""球缺",,,,"Go=3(2r-h)2/4(3r-h)""圆环体∧胎∨",,,,"在环中心上""球带体",,,,"Go=h1+h/2""桶形",,,,"在轴交点上""椭球体",," a,b,c-半轴",,"在轴交点上""交叉圆柱体",,,,"在二轴交点上""梯形体""常用图形求面积,体积公式""常用图形求面积,体积公式""图形",,"尺寸符号","面积(F) 表面积(S)","重心(G)""正方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""三角形",,,,"GB=1/3BD CD=DA""平行四边形",,,,"对角线交点上""任意四边形""正多边形",,,,"在o点上""菱形",,,,"在对角线交点上""梯形""圆形",,,,"在圆心上""椭圆形",,"a·b-主轴","F= (π/4) a·b","在主轴交点G上""扇形""弓形""圆环",,,,"在圆心O""部分圆环""新月形",,,,"O1G=(π-P)L/2P","L d/10","2d/10 3d/10 4d/10","5d/10 6d/10 7d/10 ","8d/10 9d/10","P 0.40","0.79 1.18 1.56","1.91 2.25 2.55","2.81 3.02""抛物线形""等多边形",,," "," 在内,外接圆心处""冷轧黄钢板""4,冷轧黄钢板(YB460-71)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)""0.20","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","1.70",,"2.00","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","17.00""0.25",,"2.13",,"2.25",,"19.13""0.30",,"2.55",,"2.50",,"21.25""0.35",,"2.98",,"2.75",,"23.38""0.40",,"3.40",,"3.00",,"25.50""0.45",,"3.82",,"3.50",,"29.75""0.50",,"4.25",,"4.00",,"34.00""0.60",,"5.10",,"4.50",,"38.20""0.70",,"5.95",,"5.00",,"42.50""0.80",,"6.80",,"5.50",,"46.75""0.90",,"7.65",,"6.00",,"51.00""1.00",,"8.50",,"6.50",,"55.25""1.10",,"9.35",,"7.00",,"59.50""1.20",,"10.20",,"7.50",,"63.75""1.35",,"11.48",,"8.00",,"68.00""1.50",,"12.75",,"9.00",,"76.50""1.65",,"14.03",,"10.00",,"85.00""1.80",,"15.30""注 (1)冷轧软板仅供应H59,H62,H68,H80,H90,H96,HMn58-2,HPb59-1牌号.""(2)冷轧1/2硬板仅供应H62,H65,H68,H90,HMn58-2牌号.""(3)冷轧特硬板仅供应H62牌号.""(4)冷轧板材长度分为:定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.其通常长度为500~2000mm,但长度不得小于宽度.""特殊用冷轧黄钢板""5,特殊用冷轧黄钢板(YB555-65)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.52",,"2.25","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","19.60""0.45",,"3.96",,"2.50",,"22.00""0.50",,"4.40",,"2.75",,"24.20""0.55",,"4.84",,"3.0",,"26.40""0.60",,"5.28",,"3.5",,"30.80""0.70",,"6.16",,"4.0",,"35.20""0.80",,"7.04",,"4.5",,"39.60""0.90",,"7.92",,"5.0",,"44.00""1.0",,"8.80",,"5.5",,"48.40""1.1",,"9.68",,"6.0",,"52.80""1.2",,"10.56",,"6.5",,"57.20""1.35",,"11.88",,"7.0",,"61.60""1.5",,"13.20",,"7.5",,"66.60""1.65",,"14.52",,"8.0",,"70.40""1.8",,"15.84",,"9.0",,"79.20""2.0",,"17.60",,"10.0",,"88.00""注 标记举例:用H90制成的,厚度为2.5mm,宽度为600mm,长度为1200mm的软板标记为:"" 板H90M2.5x600x1200xYB555-65.""铝及铝合金板""6,铝及铝合金板""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)"0.5,"1.40",,"2.5","7.00",,"9.0","25.2",,"25","70.0"0.6,"1.68",,"3.0","8.40",,"10.0","28.0",,"30","84.0"0.8,"2.24",,"3.5","9.80",,"12.0","33.6",,"35","98.0""1.0","2.80",,"4.0","11.20",,"14.0","39.2",,"40","112.0""1.2","3.36",,"5.0","14.00",,"16.0","44.8",,"50","140.0""1.5","4.20",,"6.0","16.80",,"18.0","50.4",,"60","168.0""1.8","5.04",,"7.0","19.60",,"20.0","56.0",,"70","196.0""2.0","5.60",,"8.0","22.40",,"22.0","61.6",,"80","224.0""注 (1)板的宽度有1000,1200和500mm;板的长度有2000,3000和4000mm."" (2)理论重量按LY11,LY12和LD10等牌号铝合金的比重2.8计算,对于其他牌号的铝合金和工业纯铝,应乘以"" 下列换算系数:LD2-0.961;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975;LC4-1.018;工业纯铝-0.967.""铅板""7,铅板(GB1470-79)""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)""1.0","11.37",,"3.0","34.11",,"5.0","56.85",,"9.0","102.33""1.5","17.06",,"3.5","39.80",,"6.0","68.22",,"10.0","113.70""2.0","22.74",,"4.0","45.48",,"7.0","79.59",,"12.0","136.44""2.5","28.43",,"4.5","51.17",,"8.0","90.96",,"16.0","170.55""注 (1)铅的化学成分按GB469-64标准."" (2)板材理论重量按比重为11.34计算,宽度按500mm进张."" (3)板材成卷供应,厚度大于15mm的板材,以片状供应,厚度不大于1.5mm的板材,应用木箱包装.""纯铜带"",纯铜带(YB464-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.05","18~150","≥20","0.44",,"0.50","18~300","≥10","4.45""0.06",,,"0.53",,"0.55",,,"4.90""0.07",,,"0.62",,"0.60",,,"5.34""0.08",,,"0.71",,"0.65",,,"5.79""0.09",,,"0.80",,"0.70",,,"6.23""0.10","18~300",,"0.89",,"0.75",,,"6.68""0.12",,,"1.07",,"0.80",,,"7.12""0.15",,,"1.34",,"0.85",,,"7.57""0.18",,,"1.60",,"0.90",,,"8.01""0.20",,,"1.78",,"1.00",,,"8.90""0.22",,,"1.96",,"1.10",,,"9.79""0.25",,,"2.23",,"1.20",,"≥7","10.68""0.30",,,"2.67",,"1.30",,,"11.57""0.35",,,"3.12",,"14.40",,,"12.46""0.40",,,"3.56",,"1.50",,,"13.35""0.45",,,"4.01""注 纯铜带的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4,TUP,其化学成分符合YB145-71的规定.""铝带""9,铝带""宽 度 (mm)","厚 度 (mm)","3","4","5","6","8","10","12","重 量 (kg/m)""10","0.080","0.107","0.134 0.161 0.268 0.335 0.402 0.536 0.670 0.804 1.072 1.340 1.608","0.161","0.214","0.268","0.322""12","0.096","0.129",,"0.193","0.257","0.322","0.386""15","0.121","0.161",,"0.241","0.322","0.402","0.482""20","0.161","0.214",,"0.322","0.429","0.568","0.643""25","0.201","0.268",,"0.402","0.568","0.670","0.804""30","0.241","0.332",,"0.482","0.643","0.804","0.965""40","0.322","0.429",,"0.643","0.858","1.072","1.286""50","0.402","0.536",,"0.804","1.072","1.340","1.608""60","0.482","0.643",,"0.965","1.286","1.608","1.930""80","0.643","0.858",,"1.286","1.715","2.144","2.573""100","0.804","1.072",,"1.608","2.144","2.680","3.216""120","0.965","1.286",,"1.930","2.573","3.216","3.859""注 表中重量系以LY11,LY12,(比重2.8)为准,其他合金应乘以下列系数:"" L1~L6-0.967;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975.""热轧铜条""1,热轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""4.0","200~500","≥1000","35.60",,"8.0","200~500","≥1000","71.20""4.5",,,"40.05",,"9.0",,,"80.10""5.0",,,"44.05",,"10.0",,,"89.0""5.5",,,"48.95",,"11.0",,,"97.9""6.0",,,"53.40",,"12.0",,,"106.8""6.5",,,"57.85",,"13.0",,,"115.7""7.0",,,"62.30",,"14.0",,,"124.6""7.5",,,"66.75",,"15.0",,,"133.5""英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""(二)英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm""0","0.324","8.230",,"14","0.080","2.032",,"28","0.0148","0.376""1","0.300","7.020",,"15","0.072","1.829",,"29","0.0136","0.345""2","0.276","7.010",,"16","0.064","1.626",,"30","0.0124","0.315""3","0.252","6.401",,"17","0.056","1.422",,"31","0.0116","0.295""4","0.232","5.893",,"18","0.048","1.219",,"32","0.0108","0.274""5","0.212","5.385",,"19","0.040","1.016",,"33","0.0100","0.254""6","0.192","4.877",,"20","0.036","0.914",,"34","0.0092","0.234""7","0.176","4.470",,"21","0.032","0.813",,"35","0.0084","0.213""8","0.160","4.064",,"22","0.028","0.711",,"36","0.0076","0.193""9","0.144","3.658",,"23","0.024","0.610",,"37","0.0068","0.173""10","0.128","3.251",,"24","0.022","0.559",,"38","0.0060","0.152""11","0.116","2.946",,"25","0.020","0.508",,"39","0.0052","0.132"12,"0.104","2.642",,"26","0.018","0.457",,"40","0.0048","0.122"13,"0.092","2.337",,"27","0.0164","0.417",,"41","0.0044","0.112""刺钢丝""三)刺钢丝规格和重量""说 明 和 用 途",,"钢丝划号 (号)","刺间距离 (mm)","每kg长度 (m)","重量 (kg/km)""刺钢丝又名刺铁丝,俗称"花园铅丝"(因常作花园围墙篱笆之用,故名),系以镀锌钢丝经机器铰缠而成(一般用#12或#14钢丝制作).适于作各种围墙(尤其是公园围墙和临时建筑场地 的围墙)篱笆或障碍物用.",,"12","65","6.4","156",,,"75","7.2","139",,,"100","7.9","127",,,"125","8.6","116",,"14","65","10.9","91.8",,,"75","11.5","86.9",,,"100","13.0","76.9",,,"125","14.0","71.4""注 (1)刺钢丝规格的注写方法为"钢丝直径(号数)x尖数x刺间距离",或"钢丝直径(号数)x刺间距离"."" (2)表列刺钢丝的"每kg长度"和"重量",仅供参考.""刻痕钢丝""四)刻痕钢丝规格和重量""直径 (mm)","断面积 (mm2)","重量 (kg/m)"," 抗 拉 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,"屈 服 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,,"I组","II组","I组","II组""2.5","4.90","0.034","190","160","152","128""3","7.06","0.056","180","150","144","120""4","12.56","0.094","170","140","136","112""5","19.63","0.150","160","130","126","104""注 刻痕钢丝是由预应力混凝土结构用碳素钢丝(冷拔高强度钢丝)在经特制的"刻痕机"进行刻痕而制成的"" 预应力钢筋混凝土结构用的钢丝.""钢丝网""五)钢丝网规格和重量""号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)"20,"1.6","1.5",,"6","2.0","6.7",,"2.5","0.7","2.0",,"1","0.3","0.9","3.0","5.1",,"5.5","0.5","0.6",,"2.2","0.45","1.0",,,"0.35","1.2""18","1.6","1.7",,,"1.6","4.7",,,"0.6","1.6",,"0.9","0.25","0.7","3.0","5.7",,,"2.0","7.2",,,"0.8","2.9",,,"0.3","1.0""16","1.6","1.9",,"5","0.7","1.1",,"2","0.4","0.9",,,"0.4","1.6","3.0","6.3",,,"1.4","4.1",,,"0.5","1.3",,"0.8","0.22","0.6""14","1.4","1.7",,,"2.2","8.9",,,"0.6","1.9",,,"0.28","0.9","2.5","4.9",,"4.5","0.5","0.7",,,"1.2","6.0",,,"0.3","1.0""12","1.2","1.4",,,"1.0","2.3",,"1.8","0.4","0.9",,"0.7","0.2","0.6","2.5","5.7",,,"1.8","6.8",,,"0.5","1.4",,,"0.25","0.9""11","1.2","1.5",,"4","0.6","1.0",,,"0.7","2.6",,,"0.30","1.2","2.5","6.1",,,"1.0","2.6",,"1.6","0.3","0.6",,"0.63","0.22","0.7""10","1.0","1.2",,,"1.4","4.8",,,"0.4","1.0",,,"0.25","0.9","2.5","6.6",,"3.5","0.7","1.5",,,"0.45","1.3",,,"0.28","1.2""9","1.0","1.3",,,"1.0","2.9",,"1.4","0.30","0.7",,"0.56","0.22","0.8","2.2","5.7",,,"1.2","4.0",,,"0.35","0.9",,,"0.25","1.0""8","0.7","0.7",,"3.2","0.45","0.7",,,"0.65","2.7",,,"0.28","1.2","1.2","2.1",,,"0.9","2.7",,"1.2","0.28","0.7",,"0.5","0.22","0.9","1.8","4.5",,,"1.2","4.3",,,"0.35","1.0",,,"0.25","1.1""7","0.7","0.8",,"2.8","0.4","0.7",,,"0.4","1.3",,,"0.3","1.5","1.2","2.3",,,"0.7","1.8",,"1.1","0.28","0.7",,"0.45","0.2","0.8","1.8","5.0",,,"1.0","3.6",,,"0.35","1.1",,,"0.25","1.2""6","0.7","0.9",,"2.5","0.4","0.7",,,"0.40","1.4",,,"0.2","0.9","1.2","2.7",,,"0.5","1.1",,"1","0.25","0.7",,"0.4","0.25","1.3""钢板网""六)钢板网规格和重量""品 种","规 格 (mm)",,,,,,"每张大约重量(kg)","生产单位","丝梗厚度 h","孔眼宽度 T","丝梗宽度 b","节 距 t","网面宽度 B","网面长度 L""小","0.5","9","1","25","1800","600","0.875","上海中国钢板网厂",,,,,"2000",,"0.875","0.6","9","1","25","1800","600","1.000",,,,,"2000",,"1.125","0.7","9","1","25","1800","600","1.125",,,,,"2000",,"1.250""网","0.75","9","1","25","1800","600","1.250",,,,,"2000",,"1.375","0.8","9","1","25","1800","600","1.375",,,,,"2000",,"1.500","1","9","1","25","1500","600","1.625",,,,,"1800",,"1.875",,,,,"2000",,"2.125""大","0.5","7","1.2","2.5","1800","2800","5.85","上海中国钢板网厂","1","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","11.70",,"9","1.2","25","1500","3000","7.95",,,,,"1800","3600","11.70",,"9","1.1","25","2000","4000","14.76",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","11.70",,,,,"2000","4000","14.60","1.2","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","14.04",,"9","1.2","25","1800","3600","14.04",,,"1.1","25","2000","4000","17.71",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","14.04""网",,,,,"2000","4000","17.71","1.5","11","1.6","40","1800","3600","17.55",,"17","2.3","65","2000","4000","22.14","2","17","2.3","65","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"22","3.0","75","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"27","3.8","100","2000","4000","29.52","3","36","4.6","115","2000","4000","44.28",,"45","6.1","150""钢丝纱""七)钢丝纱(窗纱)规格和重量""规 格","面 积(m2/卷)","重 量",,"(kg/卷)","(kg/m2)""14目3x100","27.87","12.5","0.448""14目4x100","37.16","16.6","0.448""16目3x100",27.87,13.5,"0.484""16目4x100",37.16,"18.0","0.484""紫铜丝布""(八)紫铜丝布(紫铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","22","2.691",,"30","30","2.5116",,"65","36","1.9734""10","24","2.691",,"35","31","1.9734",,"70","36","1.9734""12","24","3.0498",,"40","32","1.9734",,"75","37","1.9734""16","26","2.1528",,"45","33","1.9734",,"80","37","1.9734""20","27","2.1528",,"50","34","1.9734",,"100","39","1.7940""24","30","2.1528",,"55","35","1.9734""28","30","2.3322",,"60","35","1.7940""黄铜丝布""(九)黄铜丝布(黄铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","24","1.5787",,"24","34","0.8611",,"50","38","0.6458""10","26","1.2375",,"26","34","0.8252",,"60","41","0.3947""12","27","1.2558",,"28","36","0.5386",,"70","42","0.3347""14","27","1.3276",,"30","36","0.5741",,"80","43","0.3767""16","32","0.6100",,"32","36","0.6100",,"90","43","0.4306""18","33","0.6100",,"34","36","0.6279",,"100","43","0.5023""20","33","0.7176",,"36","36","0.7176",,"110","44","0.3347""22","33","0.8611",,"40","36","0.4844",,"120","44","0.4485""铝及铝合金直角角型材""1,铝及铝合金直角角型材(XC111)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b"1,"12","1","0.234","0.065",,"25","25","1.3","0.734","0.204",,"49","38.3","5","3.590","0.998"2,"12","2","0.440","0.122",,"26","25","1.6","0.777","0.216",,"50","38.3","6.3","4.444","1.235"3,"12.5","1.6","0.377","0.105",,"27","25","2","0.964","0.268",,"51","40","2","1.564","0.435"4,"15","1","0.294","0.082",,"28","25","2.5","1.189","0.331",,"52","40","2.5","1.944","0.540"5,"15","1.2","0.353","0.098",,"29","25","3","1.410","0.392",,"53","40","3","2.320","0.645"6,"15","1.5","0.434","0.121",,"30","25","3.2","1.509","0.429",,"54","40","3.5","2.671","0.743"7,"15","2","0.564","0.157",,"31","25","3.5","1.641","0.456",,"55","40","3.5","2.694","0.749"8,"15","3","0.820","0.223",,"32","25","4","1.857","0.516",,"56","40","4","3.057","0.850"9,"16","1.6","0.429","0.119",,"33","25","5","2.242","0.623",,"57","40","5","3.750","1.043"10,"16","2.4","0.726","0.202",,"34","27","2","1.041","0.289",,"58","45","4","3.475","0.961"11,"18","1.5","0.524","0.146",,"35","27","2","1.090","0.303",,"59","45","5","4.277","1.189"12,"18","2","0.684","0.190",,"36","30","1.5","0.884","0.246",,"60","50","3","2.920","0.812"13,"19","1.6","0.585","0.163",,"37","30","2","1.164","0.324",,"61","50","4","3.857","1.072"14,"19","2.4","0.861","0.239",,"38","30","2.5","1.438","0.400",,"62","50","5","4.777","1.328"15,"19","3.2","1.125","0.313",,"39","30","3","1.720","0.478",,"63","50","6","5.655","1.572"16,"20","1","0.397","0.110",,"40","30","4","2.240","0.623",,"64","50","6.5","6.110","1.699"17,"20","1.2","0.473","0.131",,"41","32","2.4","1.491","0.415",,"65","50","12","10.600","2.947"18,"20","1.5","0.584","0.162",,"42","32","3.2","1.957","0.554",,"66","60","5","5.777","1.606"19,"20","2","0.764","0.212",,"43","32","3.5","2.131","0.592",,"67","60","6","6.855","1.906"20,"20","3","1.140","0.137",,"44","32","6.5","3.723","1.036",,"68","75","7","10.010","2.783"21,"20","4","1.475","0.410",,"45","35","3","2.005","0.557",,"69","75","8","11.360","3.158"22,"20.5","1.6","0.633","0.176",,"46","35","4","2.657","0.739",,"70","75","10","14.000","3.892"23,"23","2","0.680","0.245",,"47","38","2.4","1.773","0.498",,"71","90","5","8.750","2.433"24,"25","1.2","0.597","0.166",,"48","38.3","3.5","2.562","0.712",,"72","90","8","13.760","3.825""注 (1)铝及铝合金型材的尺寸,规格等摘自冶金工业部1970年颁发的《铝及铝镁合金挤压型材》."" (2)表内理论重量均按LY12合金比重(2.78)进行计算,其他材料的比重及换算系数如下:L1~L7(2.71)-0.975;"" LF2(2.68)-0.964;LF11(2.65)-0.953;LF21(2.73)-0.982;LD2(2.70)-0.971;"" LY11(2.80)-1.007;LY12(2.78)-1.000."" (3)铝型材主要生产单位有哈尔滨和西北铝加工厂等.西北铝加工厂的产品断面为100~400cm2,宽度小于530mm."" (4)铝及铝合金型材规格的表示方法是型材类别组号加序号,如XC111-4,其中,XC表示型材,后面的数字依次为"" 类别,组号,连字符后的数字为顺序号.""铝及铝合金直丁字型材""2,铝及铝合金直丁字型材(XC211)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"15","25","1","0.405","0.113",,"34","32","45","3","2.259","0.628"2,"19","50","2","1.378","0.383",,"35","32","48","2.4","1.874","0.521"3,"20","20","2","0.760","0.211",,"36","32","50","3","2.423","0.674"4,"20","30","1.5","0.740","0.206",,"37","35","32","1.5","1.000","0.278"5,"20","35","2","1.060","0.295",,"38","35","35","4","2.713","0.754"6,"20","37","2","1.117","0.311",,"39","35","40","2","1.468","0.408"7,"20","42","2","1.200","0.334",,"40","37","42","2","1.500","0.417"8,"20","42","2","1.240","0.345",,"41","38","44","5","3.910","1.087"9,"20","45","2","1.860","0.517",,"42","38","50","3.5","3.026","0.841"10,"20","90","2","2.160","0.600",,"43","38","50","4.8","3.990","1.109"11,"21","53","1.8","1.300","0.361",,"44","39","75","5","5.510","1.532"12,"22","48","1.4","1.960","0.267",,"45","40","36","5","3.350","0.933"13,"25","29","1.6","0.847","0.25",,"46","40","45","3","2.479","0.689"14,"25","35","1.5","0.890","0.247",,"47","40","45","4","3.274","0.910"15,"25","38","2.5","1.510","0.420",,"48","40","68","3","3.300","0.917"16,"25","40","2","1.280","0.356",,"49","40","130","6","9.840","2.736"17,"25","45","2.5","1.726","0.480",,"50","42","64","4","4.100","1.140"18,"25","45","3","2.019","0.561",,"51","45","40","2.2","1.860","0.517"19,"25","45","4","2.708","0.753",,"52","50","70","4","4.640","1.300"20,"25","48","1.4","1.012","0.288",,"53","51","51","2.4","2.443","0.679"21,"25","48","1.5","1.082","0.301",,"54","54","50","3","3.040","0.845"22,"25","50","2","1.499","0.417",,"55","54","68","3","3.608","1.003"23,"25","50","2.5","1.851","0.515",,"56","64","50","5","5.781","1.607"24,"26","38","2.5","1.554","0.432",,"57","63","50","2","2.320","0.645"25,"27","70","2","1.920","0.534",,"58","70","37","2","2.100","0.584"26,"29","38","1.6","1.055","0.293",,"59","70","55","2","2.460","0.684"27,"29","58","2.5","2.180","0.606",,"60","74","66","6","8.080","2.246"28,"29","58","3.5","2.991","0.831",,"61","75","40","3","3.400","0.945"29,"30","40","1.5","1.040","0.289",,"62","80","50","2","2.560","0.712"30,"30","40","2","1.370","0.381",,"63","80","60","3","4.110","1.143"31,"30","45","3","2.150","0.597",,"64","83","50","3","3.953","1.099"32,"30","56","4","3.280","0.912",,"65","90","77","10","15.700","4.365"33,"30","68","6.5","6.100","1.696""热轧铜板""1,热轧铜板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽 度 (mm)",,,,,,,,"理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)","600~900","1000~1200","1300~1500","1600~1800","1900~2200","2300~2500","2600~2800","2900~3000","最 大 长 度 (mm)""5.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"44.50""5.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"48.95""6.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"53.40""6.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"57.85""7.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"62.30""7.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"66.75""8.0","4000","5000","6000","5500","4800","4200","3700","3500","71.20""9.0","4000","5000","6000","5000","4200","3700","3300","3100","80.10""10.0","4000","5000","5500","4500","3800","3300","3000","3000","89.0""11.0","4000","5000","5000","4000","3400","3300","2800",,"97.9""12.0","4000","5000","4500","3800","3100","2800",,,"106.8""13.0","4000","5000","4000","3600","2900",,,,"115.7""14.0","4000","4500","3800","3300","2700",,,,"124.6""15.0","4500","4300","3600","3100","2500",,,,"133.5""16.0","4500","4300","3400","2000","2400",,,,"142.4""17.0","4500","4000","3200","2700","2200",,,,"151.3""18.0","4500","3900","3000","2600",,,,,"160.2""19.0","4500","3700","2800","2400",,,,,"169.1""20.0","4500","3500","2600","2300",,,,,"178.0""21.0","4000","3300","2500","2200",,,,,"186.9""22.0","4000","3000","2400","2100",,,,,"195.8""23.0","4000","3000","2400","2000",,,,,"204.7""24.0","3500","2800","2200","1900",,,,,"213.6""25.0","3500","2800","2000","1800",,,,,"222.5""注 热轧板的宽度按100mm进级.""铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材(XC511)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积 (mm2)","理论重量 (kg/m)","H","B","b"1,"23","38","1.2","1.178","0.327"2,"26","34.5","3.5","3.157","0.875"3,"57","48","8","11.000","3.058"4,"68","38","2.5","3.509","0.976"5,"86","60","6","11.600","3.225""铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材(XC411)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"12.7","15.9","1.6","0.688","0.191",,11,"38","25","3","2.613","0.726"2,"20","15","1.2","0.578","0.163",,12,"44","25","4","3.690","1.001"3,"20","15","1.5","0.721","0.200",,13,"50","19","2.5","2.102","0.584"4,"25","18","1.5","0.885","0.246",,14,"80","30","3","4.020","1.118"5,"25","23","3.5","2.267","0.630",,15,"80","35","4","5.680","1.579"6,"31","25","2.5","1.900","0.528",,16,"80","40","4","6.080","1.690"7,"32","14","1.9","1.000","0.303",,17,"100","30","3","4.620","1.284"8,"34","25","3.5","2.764","0.768",,18,"100","35","4","6.480","1.801"9,"36","26","2.5","2.075","0.577",,19,"100","40","4","6.880","1.913"10,"36","31.5","3.2","2.960","0.823""铝及铝合金槽形型材""3,铝及铝合金槽形型材(XC311)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"13","13","1.6","0.561","0.156",,"31","45","40","3","3.638","1.011"2,"13","34","3.5","2.579","0.717",,"32","46","25","5","4.300","1.195"3,"20","15","1.3","0.620","0.172",,"33","50","20","4","5.331","0.926"4,"21","28","4","2.868","0.797",,"34","50","30","2","2.120","0.589"5,"25","13","2.4","1.134","0.315",,"35","50","30","4","4.131","1.148"6,"25","15","1.5","0.795","0.221",,"36","55","25","5","4.819","1.340"7,"25","18","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"37","55","30","3","3.299","0.917"8,"25","18","2","1.140","0.317",,"38","60","25","4","4.131","1.148"9,"25","20","2.5","1.520","0.423",,"39","60","35","5","6.000","1.668"10,"25","20","4","2.280","0.634",,"40","60","40","4","4.480","1.245"11,"25","25","5","3.250","0.904",,"41","63","38.3","4.8","6.275","1.744"12,"30","15","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"42","64","38","4","5.300","1.473"13,"30","18","1.5","0.960","0.267",,"43","70","25","3","3.449","0.959"14,"30","20","2","1.335","0.371",,"44","70","25","5","5.500","1.529"15,"30","22","6","3.870","1.076",,"45","70","26","3.2","3.700","1.028"16,"32","25","1.8","1.437","0.399",,"46","70","30","4","4.931","1.371"17,"32","25","2.5","1.925","0.535",,"47","70","40","5","7.080","1.968"18,"35","20","2.5","1.770","0.492",,"48","75","45","5","7.831","2.177"19,"35","30","2","1.833","0.510",,"49","80","30","4.5","6.010","1.671"20,"38","50","5","6.560","1.824",,"50","80","35","4.5","6.414","1.783"21,"40","18","2","1.453","0.404",,"51","80","35","6","8.280","2.302"22,"40","18","2.5","1.795","0.499",,"52","80","40","4","6.131","1.704"23,"40","18","3","2.129","0.592",,"53","80","40","6","8.900","2.474"24,"40","21","4","2.960","0.823",,"54","80","60","4","7.480","2.079"25,"40","25","2","1.730","0.481",,"55","90","50","6","10.680","2.969"26,"40","25","3","2.549","0.709",,"56","100","40","6","10.080","2.802"27,"40","30","3.5","3.250","0.904",,"57","100","48","6.3","11.550","3.211"28,"40","32","3","2.978","0.828",,"58","100","50","5","9.580","2.663"29,"40","50","4","5.280","1.468",,"59","128","40","9","17.100","4.754"30,"45","20","3","2.370","0.659""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管1""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","0.25","0.30","0.40","0.50","0.60","0.80","1.0","1.2",1.4,"1.5",1.6,1.8,"2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""50",,,,,,,"1.21","1.44","1.68","1.79","1.91","2.14","2.37","2.59","2.93","3.25","3.48","3.70","4.01","4.54","5.05","5.55""(51)",,,,,,,"1.23","1.47","1.71","1.83","1.96","2.18","2.42","2.64","2.99","3.32","3.55","3.79","4.10","4.64","5.16","5.67""53",,,,,,,"1.28","1.53","1.78","1.91","2.03","2.27","2.52","2.76","3.11","3.46","3.70","3.94","4.27","4.83","5.38","5.92""(54)",,,,,,,"1.31","1.59","1.82","1.94","2.07","2.31","2.56","2.81","3.18","3.53","3.77","4.02","4.36","4.93","5.49","6.04""56",,,,,,,"1.36","1.62","1.89","2.02","2.15","2.40","2.66","2.92","3.30","3.66","3.92","4.17","4.53","5.13","5.71","6.29""(57)",,,,,,,"1.38","1.65","1.92","2.05","2.18","2.45","2.71","2.97","3.36","3.74","4.00","4.25","4.62","5.23","5.83","6.41""60",,,,,,,"1.46","1.74","2.02","2.16","2.31","2.58","2.86","3.13","3.55","3.94","4.22","4.49","4.88","5.52","6.16","6.78""63",,,,,,,"1.53","1.83","2.13","2.27","2.42","2.71","3.01","3.30","3.72","4.15","4.44","4.73","5.13","5.81","6.49","7.14""65",,,,,,,"1.58","1.89","2.20","2.35","2.50","2.80","3.11","3.40","3.85","4.29","4.59","4.89","5.31","6.02","6.71","7.40""(68)",,,,,,,"1.65","1.98","2.36","2.46","2.62","2.93","3.26","3.57","4.04","4.49","4.81","5.12","5.57","6.31","7.05","7.77""70",,,,,,,"1.70","2.03","2.37","2.53","2.70","3.02","3.35","3.68","4.16","4.36","4.96","5.23","5.74","6.51","7.27","8.01""(73)",,,,,,,"1.78","2.12","2.47","2.64","2.82","3.16","3.50","3.84","4.35","4.84","5.18","5.52","6.00","6.81","7.60","8.38""75",,,,,,,"1.82","2.18","2.54","2.71","2.90","3.24","3.60","3.95","4.46","4.97","5.32","5.68","6.17","7.00","7.82","8.62""(76)",,,,,,,"1.85","2.21","2.57","2.76","2.94","3.29","3.65","4.00","4.53","5.05","5.40","5.75","6.26","7.10","7.93","8.75""80",,,,,,,,,"2.71","2.90","3.09","3.47","3.84","4.22","4.77","5.32","5.69","6.07","6.60","7.49","8.37","9.24""(83)",,,,,,,,,"2.82","3.02","3.21","3.60","4.00","4.37","4.96","5.52","5.92","6.31","6.86","7.79","8.71","9.62""85",,,,,,,,,"2.88","3.08","3.29","3.69","4.09","4.48","5.08","5.66","6.06","6.46","7.04","7.98","8.93","9.83""(89)",,,,,,,,,"3.02","3.24","3.45","3.86","4.29","4.70","5.33","5.94","6.36","6.77","7.38","8.38","9.38","10.33""90",,,,,,,,,"3.05","3.27","3.49","3.91","4.34","4.76","5.39","6.01","6.43","6.86","7.47","8.47","9.49","10.47""95",,,,,,,,,"3.21","3.46","3.68","4.13","4.59","5.02","5.70","6.36","6.81","7.26","7.90","8.98","10.04","11.10"100,,,,,,,,,"3.40","3.64","3.88","4.35","4.83","5.30","6.00","6.70","7.17","7.65","8.32","9.46","10.59","11.70""(102)",,,,,,,,,"3.46","3.73","3.97","4.45","4.93","5.40","6.13","6.84","7.32","7.81","8.50","9.67","10.82","11.96""(108)",,,,,,,,,"3.67","3.95","4.21","4.72","5.23","5.74","6.50","7.25","7.77","8.29","9.02","10.26","11.49","12.70"110,,,,,,,,,"3.74","4.03","4.28","4.81","5.32","5.84","6.62","7.39","7.92","8.43","9.19","10.46","11.70","12.93"120,,,,,,,,,,"4.36","4.66","5.25","5.83","6.38","7.24","8.07","8.66","9.22","10.06","11.44","12.93","14.30"125,,,,,,,,,,,,"5.46","6.06","6.64","7.54","8.42","9.02","9.61","10.50","11.91","13.37","14.80"130,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"7.86","8.78","9.40","10.00","10.92","12.43","13.92","15.48""(133)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"8.05","8.98","9.59","10.25","11.18","12.75","14.26","15.75"140,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.11","10.79","11.80","13.42","15.05","16.65"150,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.85","11.52","12.65","14.39","16.11","17.85"160,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"13.53","15.38","17.25","19.09"170,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"14.31","16.31","18.35","20.30"180,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"15.20","17.30","19.50","21.59"190,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"18.29","20.60","22.80"200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"19.67","21.65","24.00""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管2""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","5.5","6.0","6.5","7.0","7.5","8.0","8.5","9","9.5","10",11,12,"钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""5""6""7""8""9""10","0.518","0.536","0.561""11","0.592","0.615","0.647""12","0.666","0.694","0.734","0.789""(13)","0.740","0.774","0.820","0.888""14","0.814","0.852","0.906","0.986""(15)","0.888","0.932","0.993","1.09","1.17","1.23""16","0.962","1.10","1.08","1.18","1.28","1.35""(17)","1.04","1.09","1.17","1.28","1.39","1.48""18","1.11","1.17","1.25","1.38","1.50","1.60""(19)","1.18","1.25","1.34","1.48","1.61","1.73","1.54","1.92""20","1.26","1.33","1.42","1.58","1.72","1.85","1.97","2.07""(21)","1.33","1.41","1.51","1.68","1.83","1.97","2.10","2.22""22","1.41","1.49","1.60","1.77","1.94","2.10","2.24","2.37""(23)","1.48","1.57","1.68","1.87","2.05","2.22","2.37","2.52""(24)","1.55","1.64","1.77","1.97","2.16","2.34","2.51","2.66","2.81","2.93""25","1.63","1.72","1.86","2.07","2.28","2.47","2.64","2.81","2.97","3.11""(27)","1.78","1.88","2.03","2.27","2.50","2.71","2.92","3.11","3.29","3.45""28","1.85","1.96","2.11","2.37","2.61","2.84","3.05","3.26","3.45","3.68""29","1.92","2.02","2.20","2.47","2.72","2.96","3.19","3.40","3.60","3.80","3.98""30","2.00","2.12","2.29","2.56","2.83","3.08","3.32","3.55","3.77","3.97","4.16","4.34""32","2.15","1.28","2.46","2.76","3.05","3.33","3.59","3.85","4.09","4.32","4.53","4.74""34","2.29","2.43","2.63","2.96","3.27","3.58","3.87","4.14","4.41","4.66","4.90","5.13""(35)","2.37","2.51","2.72","3.06","3.38","3.70","4.00","4.29","4.57","4.83","5.09","5.33""36","2.44","2.59","2.81","3.16","3.50","3.82","4.14","4.44","4.73","5.01","5.27","5.52""38","2.59","2.75","2.98","3.35","3.72","4.07","4.41","4.74","5.05","5.35","5.64","5.92","6.18","6.44""40","2.74","2.91","3.15","3.55","3.94","4.32","4.68","5.03","5.37","5.70","6.01","6.31","6.60","6.88""42","2.89","3.07","3.32","3.75","4.16","4.56","4.95","5.33","5.69","6.04","6.38","6.71","7.02","7.32""44.5","3.07","3.25","3.54","4.00","4.44","4.87","5.29","5.70","6.09","6.47","6.84","7.20","7.55","7.88""45","3.11","3.31","3.58","4.04","4.49","4.93","5.36","5.77","6.17","6.56","6.94","7.30","7.65","7.99","8.32","8.63""48","3.33","3.54","3.84","4.34","4.83","5.30","5.76","6.21","6.65","7.08","7.49","7.89","8.28","8.66","9.03","9.57""水,煤气输送钢管""1,水,煤气输送钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)234-63]""公称内径",,"钢 管 螺 纹",,"外径 (mm)","普通管",,"加厚管""mm","(in.)",,"壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)","壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)""6","1/8''","10","2","0.89","2.50","0.46""8","1/4''","13.5","2.25","0.62","2.75","0.73""10","3/8''","17","2.25","0.82","2.75","0.97""15","1/2''","21.25","2.75","1.25","3.25","1.44""20","3/4''","26.75","2.75","1.63","3.5","2.01""25","1''","33.5","3.25","2.42","4","2.91""32","1 1''/4","42.25","3.25","3.13","4","3.77""40","1 1''/2","48","3.5","3.84","4.25","4.58""50","2''","60","3.5","4.88","4.5","6.16""70","2 1''/2","75.5","3.75","6.64","4.5","7.88""80","3''","88.5","4","8.34","4.75","9.81""100","4''","114","4","10.85","5","13.44""125","5''","140","4.5","15.04","5.5","18.24""150","6''","165","4.5","17.81","5.5","21.63""注(1)表列钢管是适用于输送水,煤气及采暖系统等用的钢管.分镀锌和不镀锌(黑管)两种;又分带螺纹和"" 不带螺纹两种;按壁厚可分为普通钢管,加厚钢管和薄壁钢管."" (2)钢管的长度规定为:无螺纹的黑管4~12m;带螺纹的黑管和镀锌管4~9m.每批允许有10%的(按根数计算)"" 2~4m长的短尺钢管或4~9m米长的接管(即用一个管接头将两根钢管连接而成)."" (3)经供需双方协议,可供应定尺长度或倍尺长度的钢管.其最大长度可到8m.按倍尺交货的钢管,每个单"" 倍尺应留切口5~10mm."" (4)钢管用易焊接的软钢制造,钢号和制造方法(炉焊或电焊)均由制造厂选择."" (5)钢管应能承受下列规定压力的水压试验:普通钢管和薄壁钢管:20kg/cm2;加厚钢管30kg/cm2.""电丝套管""2,电丝套管规格,重量表""名称","外径 (mm)","近似内径 (mm)","管壁厚度 (mm)","重量 (kg/m)","每吨长度 (m/t)""5/8''","15.9","12.3","1.8","0.626","1597.44""3/4''","19.1","15.5","1.8","0.627","1302.08""1''","25.4","21.8","1.8","0.628","954.20""1 1''/4","31.8","28.2","1.8","0.629","750.75""1 1''/2","38.1","34.5","1.8","0.630","620.73""电焊钢管""电焊钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)242-68]""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)",0.5,0.6,0.8,"1.0","1.2","1.4","1.5","1.6","1.8","2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","3.8","4.0",4.2,4.5,4.8,"5.0",5.5,"钢 管 的 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""(5)","0.055","0.065","0.083","0.099""(6)","0.068","0.080","0.108","0.123""(7)","0.080","0.095","0.122","0.148""(8)","0.092","0.110","0.142","0.173","(0.202)""(9)","0.105","0.125","0.162","0.197","0.231""10","0.117","0.139","0.182","0.222","(0.261)""(11)","0.129","0.154","0.201","0.247","0.290""12","0.142","0.169","0.221","0.271","0.320","0.365","(0.388)","0.411""(13)",,"0.184","0.241","0.296","0.349","0.400","0.425","0.451""(14)",,"0.199","0.260","0.321","0.379","0.434","0.462","0.490""15",,"0.214","0.280","0.345","0.409","0.468","(0.499)","0.529""16",,"0.228","0.300","0.370","0.438","0.503","(0.536)","0.568""(17)",,"0.244","0.320","0.395","0.468","0.537","0.573","0.608""18",,"0.258","0.340","0.419","0.497","0..572","(0.610)","0.647","(0.717)","(0.789)""(19)",,"0.274","0.359","0.444","0.527","0

镀铝锌钢板镀铝锌钢板是日常生活中经常应用到的一种重要的合金材料。镀铝锌钢板是铝锌合金结构组成，由55%铝、43%锌与2%硅在600℃高温下凝固而组成，其整个结构由铝－铁－硅－锌，形成致密的四元结晶体的一种合金。镀铝锌钢板发展沿革　　1965年 伯利恒（ BIEC International Inc）开发及注册专利 　　1972年 美国伯利恒钢铁 最初 商业生产 　　相关适用标准：ASTM A792/M ; JIS G3321; BS EN 10215-1995; GB/T 14978-2008镀铝锌钢板特性　　镀铝锌钢板具有不少优良的特性:耐腐蚀性：　　“镀铝锌钢卷”的耐腐蚀性主要是因为铝，铝的保护功能。当锌受到磨损时，铝便形成一层致密的氧化铝，阻止耐腐蚀性物质进一步的腐蚀内部。耐热性：　　铝锌合金钢板具有良好的耐热性，可以承受300多摄食度的高温，与镀铝钢板的抗高温氧化性很类似，经常应用于 　　烟囱管，烤箱、照明器器和日光灯罩。热反射性：　　镀铝锌钢板的热反射率很高，是镀锌钢板的两倍 ，人们经常用它来作隔热的材料。经济性：　　因为55%AL-Zn的密度比Zn的密度小,所以在重量相同和镀金层厚度相同的情况下, 镀铝锌钢板比镀钢板的面积大3%以上。镀铝锌钢板的应用用途　　建筑：屋顶、墙壁、车库、隔音墙、管道和组合式房屋等 　　汽车：消声器、排气管、雨刷附件、燃料箱、货车箱 等 　　家电：冰箱背板、煤气炉、空调机、电子微波炉、LCD边框、CRT防爆带、LED背光源、电气柜等 　　农用：猪舍、鸡舍、粮仓、温室用管道等 　　其它：断热保温盖、热交换器、干燥器、温水器等使用注意事项　　保管：应该库房等室内保管，保持干燥通风，勿在酸性气候中久置。室外保管时需防止淋雨，避免结露造成氧化色斑产生。 　　运输：避免外部撞击，运输工具上需用SKID承托钢卷，减少堆垛，做好防雨措施。 　　加工：COILCENTER剪切加工时，需使用铝板相同润滑油。需钻孔或切割镀铝锌钢板时，需及时清除散落的铁屑。镀铝锌钢板常用后处理　　DRY　干燥 　　OIL　涂油 　　Chromate　铬酸钝化 　　AFP/Galva clean　耐指纹 　　Non-Gr,Gr-free　无镉耐指纹        以上是镀铝锌钢板的介绍,更多信息请详见上海 有色金属 网。