冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板，俗称冷板。　　冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。 　　一般来说，冷轧钢板分为三代产品：沸腾钢为第一代，铝镇静钢为第二代，无间隙原子刚（IF钢）为第三代。   您查询的关键词是：冷轧钢板  。如果打开速度慢，可以尝试快速版；如果想保存快照，可以添加到搜藏。 "冷轧钢板""2,冷轧钢板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.56",,"2.5","6000x1200 7000x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","22.25""0.45",,"4.01",,"2.75",,"24.48""0.5",,"4.45",,"3.0",,"26.70""0.6",,"5.34",,"3.5",,"31.50""0.7",,"6.23",,"4.0",,"35.60""0.8",,"7.12",,"4.5",,"40.05""0.9",,"8.01",,"5.0",,"44.50""1.0",,"8.90",,"5.5",,"48.95""1.1",,"9.79",,"6.0",,"53.40""1.2",,"10.68",,"6.5",,"57.85""1.35",,"12.02",,"7.0",,"62.30""1.5",,"13.35",,"7.5",,"66.75""1.65",,"14.60",,"8.0",,"71.20""1.8",,"16.02",,"9.0",,"80.10""2.0",,"17.80",,"10.0",,"89.00""2.25",,"20.03""冷轧铜条""2,冷轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.20","200~400","500~800","1.78",,"2.50","200~500","500~2000","22.25""0.25",,,"2.23",,"2.75",,,"24.48""0.30",,,"2.67",,"3.00",,"1000~2000","26.70""0.35",,,"3.12",,"3.50",,,"31.15""0.40","200~500","500~2000","3.56",,"4.00",,,"35.60""0.45",,,"4.01",,"4.50",,,"40.05""0.50",,,"4.45",,"5.00",,,"44.50""0.60",,,"5.34",,"5.50",,,"48.95""0.70",,,"6.23",,"6.00",,,"53.40""0.80",,,"7.12",,"6.50",,,"57.85""0.90",,,"8.01",,"7.00",,,"62.30""1.00",,,"8.90",,"8.00",,,"71.20""1.20",,,"10.68",,"9.00",,,"80.10""1.30",,,"11.57",,"10.00",,,"89.00""1.40",,,"12.46",,"11.00",,,"97.90""1.50",,,"13.35",,"12.00",,,"106.8""1.60",,,"14.69",,"13.00",,,"115.7""1.80",,,"16.02",,"14.00",,,"124.6""2.00",,,"17.80",,"15.00",,,"133.5""注 铜板和条(热轧,冷轧)的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4和TU和TUP,其化学成分应符合YB145-71规定""特殊用冷轧黄铜条""3,特殊用冷轧黄铜条(YB555-65)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)""0.20","200~300","500~1000","1.76",,"1.6","200~500","500~2000","14.08""0.25",,,"2.20",,"1.8",,,"15.84""0.30","200~400",,"2.64",,"2.0",,,"17.60""0.35",,,"3.08",,"2.5",,,"22.00""0.40","200~500",,"3.52",,"2.75",,,"24.20""0.45",,,"3.96",,"3.0",,,"26.40""0.50",,"500~2000","4.40",,"3.5",,,"30.80""0.55",,,"4.84",,"4.0",,,"35.20""0.60",,,"5.28",,"4.5",,,"39.60""0.70",,,"6.16",,"5.0",,,"44.00""0.80",,,"7.04",,"5.5",,,"48.40""0.90",,,"7.92",,"6.0",,,"52.80""1.0",,,"8.8",,"6.5",,,"57.20""1.2",,,"10.56",,"7.0",,,"61.60""1.3",,,"11.44",,"8.0",,,"70.40""1.4",,,"12.32",,"9.0",,,"79.20""1.5",,,"13.20",,"10.0",,,"88.00""注 (1)标记举例:用H80制成的,厚度为0.8mm,宽度为300mm,长度为1000mm的1/2硬条标记为:"" 条H80-Y20.8x300x1000YB555-65."" (2)冷轧条分为定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.""多面体的体积和表面积""多面体的体积和表面积""图形",,"尺寸符号",,"重心(G)""立方体",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方体∧棱柱∨",,,,"G0=h/2""三棱柱",,,,"Go=h/2""棱锥",,,,"Go=h/4""棱台""圆柱和空心圆柱∧管∨",,,,"Go=h/2""斜线直圆柱""直圆锥",,,,"Go=h/4""圆台""球",,,,"在球心上""球扇形∧球楔∨",,,,"Go=3/4(r-h/2)""球缺",,,,"Go=3(2r-h)2/4(3r-h)""圆环体∧胎∨",,,,"在环中心上""球带体",,,,"Go=h1+h/2""桶形",,,,"在轴交点上""椭球体",," a,b,c-半轴",,"在轴交点上""交叉圆柱体",,,,"在二轴交点上""梯形体""常用图形求面积,体积公式""常用图形求面积,体积公式""图形",,"尺寸符号","面积(F) 表面积(S)","重心(G)""正方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""三角形",,,,"GB=1/3BD CD=DA""平行四边形",,,,"对角线交点上""任意四边形""正多边形",,,,"在o点上""菱形",,,,"在对角线交点上""梯形""圆形",,,,"在圆心上""椭圆形",,"a·b-主轴","F= (π/4) a·b","在主轴交点G上""扇形""弓形""圆环",,,,"在圆心O""部分圆环""新月形",,,,"O1G=(π-P)L/2P","L d/10","2d/10 3d/10 4d/10","5d/10 6d/10 7d/10 ","8d/10 9d/10","P 0.40","0.79 1.18 1.56","1.91 2.25 2.55","2.81 3.02""抛物线形""等多边形",,," "," 在内,外接圆心处""冷轧黄钢板""4,冷轧黄钢板(YB460-71)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)""0.20","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","1.70",,"2.00","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","17.00""0.25",,"2.13",,"2.25",,"19.13""0.30",,"2.55",,"2.50",,"21.25""0.35",,"2.98",,"2.75",,"23.38""0.40",,"3.40",,"3.00",,"25.50""0.45",,"3.82",,"3.50",,"29.75""0.50",,"4.25",,"4.00",,"34.00""0.60",,"5.10",,"4.50",,"38.20""0.70",,"5.95",,"5.00",,"42.50""0.80",,"6.80",,"5.50",,"46.75""0.90",,"7.65",,"6.00",,"51.00""1.00",,"8.50",,"6.50",,"55.25""1.10",,"9.35",,"7.00",,"59.50""1.20",,"10.20",,"7.50",,"63.75""1.35",,"11.48",,"8.00",,"68.00""1.50",,"12.75",,"9.00",,"76.50""1.65",,"14.03",,"10.00",,"85.00""1.80",,"15.30""注 (1)冷轧软板仅供应H59,H62,H68,H80,H90,H96,HMn58-2,HPb59-1牌号.""(2)冷轧1/2硬板仅供应H62,H65,H68,H90,HMn58-2牌号.""(3)冷轧特硬板仅供应H62牌号.""(4)冷轧板材长度分为:定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.其通常长度为500~2000mm,但长度不得小于宽度.""特殊用冷轧黄钢板""5,特殊用冷轧黄钢板(YB555-65)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.52",,"2.25","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","19.60""0.45",,"3.96",,"2.50",,"22.00""0.50",,"4.40",,"2.75",,"24.20""0.55",,"4.84",,"3.0",,"26.40""0.60",,"5.28",,"3.5",,"30.80""0.70",,"6.16",,"4.0",,"35.20""0.80",,"7.04",,"4.5",,"39.60""0.90",,"7.92",,"5.0",,"44.00""1.0",,"8.80",,"5.5",,"48.40""1.1",,"9.68",,"6.0",,"52.80""1.2",,"10.56",,"6.5",,"57.20""1.35",,"11.88",,"7.0",,"61.60""1.5",,"13.20",,"7.5",,"66.60""1.65",,"14.52",,"8.0",,"70.40""1.8",,"15.84",,"9.0",,"79.20""2.0",,"17.60",,"10.0",,"88.00""注 标记举例:用H90制成的,厚度为2.5mm,宽度为600mm,长度为1200mm的软板标记为:"" 板H90M2.5x600x1200xYB555-65.""铝及铝合金板""6,铝及铝合金板""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)"0.5,"1.40",,"2.5","7.00",,"9.0","25.2",,"25","70.0"0.6,"1.68",,"3.0","8.40",,"10.0","28.0",,"30","84.0"0.8,"2.24",,"3.5","9.80",,"12.0","33.6",,"35","98.0""1.0","2.80",,"4.0","11.20",,"14.0","39.2",,"40","112.0""1.2","3.36",,"5.0","14.00",,"16.0","44.8",,"50","140.0""1.5","4.20",,"6.0","16.80",,"18.0","50.4",,"60","168.0""1.8","5.04",,"7.0","19.60",,"20.0","56.0",,"70","196.0""2.0","5.60",,"8.0","22.40",,"22.0","61.6",,"80","224.0""注 (1)板的宽度有1000,1200和500mm;板的长度有2000,3000和4000mm."" (2)理论重量按LY11,LY12和LD10等牌号铝合金的比重2.8计算,对于其他牌号的铝合金和工业纯铝,应乘以"" 下列换算系数:LD2-0.961;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975;LC4-1.018;工业纯铝-0.967.""铅板""7,铅板(GB1470-79)""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)""1.0","11.37",,"3.0","34.11",,"5.0","56.85",,"9.0","102.33""1.5","17.06",,"3.5","39.80",,"6.0","68.22",,"10.0","113.70""2.0","22.74",,"4.0","45.48",,"7.0","79.59",,"12.0","136.44""2.5","28.43",,"4.5","51.17",,"8.0","90.96",,"16.0","170.55""注 (1)铅的化学成分按GB469-64标准."" (2)板材理论重量按比重为11.34计算,宽度按500mm进张."" (3)板材成卷供应,厚度大于15mm的板材,以片状供应,厚度不大于1.5mm的板材,应用木箱包装.""纯铜带"",纯铜带(YB464-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.05","18~150","≥20","0.44",,"0.50","18~300","≥10","4.45""0.06",,,"0.53",,"0.55",,,"4.90""0.07",,,"0.62",,"0.60",,,"5.34""0.08",,,"0.71",,"0.65",,,"5.79""0.09",,,"0.80",,"0.70",,,"6.23""0.10","18~300",,"0.89",,"0.75",,,"6.68""0.12",,,"1.07",,"0.80",,,"7.12""0.15",,,"1.34",,"0.85",,,"7.57""0.18",,,"1.60",,"0.90",,,"8.01""0.20",,,"1.78",,"1.00",,,"8.90""0.22",,,"1.96",,"1.10",,,"9.79""0.25",,,"2.23",,"1.20",,"≥7","10.68""0.30",,,"2.67",,"1.30",,,"11.57""0.35",,,"3.12",,"14.40",,,"12.46""0.40",,,"3.56",,"1.50",,,"13.35""0.45",,,"4.01""注 纯铜带的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4,TUP,其化学成分符合YB145-71的规定.""铝带""9,铝带""宽 度 (mm)","厚 度 (mm)","3","4","5","6","8","10","12","重 量 (kg/m)""10","0.080","0.107","0.134 0.161 0.268 0.335 0.402 0.536 0.670 0.804 1.072 1.340 1.608","0.161","0.214","0.268","0.322""12","0.096","0.129",,"0.193","0.257","0.322","0.386""15","0.121","0.161",,"0.241","0.322","0.402","0.482""20","0.161","0.214",,"0.322","0.429","0.568","0.643""25","0.201","0.268",,"0.402","0.568","0.670","0.804""30","0.241","0.332",,"0.482","0.643","0.804","0.965""40","0.322","0.429",,"0.643","0.858","1.072","1.286""50","0.402","0.536",,"0.804","1.072","1.340","1.608""60","0.482","0.643",,"0.965","1.286","1.608","1.930""80","0.643","0.858",,"1.286","1.715","2.144","2.573""100","0.804","1.072",,"1.608","2.144","2.680","3.216""120","0.965","1.286",,"1.930","2.573","3.216","3.859""注 表中重量系以LY11,LY12,(比重2.8)为准,其他合金应乘以下列系数:"" L1~L6-0.967;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975.""热轧铜条""1,热轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""4.0","200~500","≥1000","35.60",,"8.0","200~500","≥1000","71.20""4.5",,,"40.05",,"9.0",,,"80.10""5.0",,,"44.05",,"10.0",,,"89.0""5.5",,,"48.95",,"11.0",,,"97.9""6.0",,,"53.40",,"12.0",,,"106.8""6.5",,,"57.85",,"13.0",,,"115.7""7.0",,,"62.30",,"14.0",,,"124.6""7.5",,,"66.75",,"15.0",,,"133.5""英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""(二)英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm""0","0.324","8.230",,"14","0.080","2.032",,"28","0.0148","0.376""1","0.300","7.020",,"15","0.072","1.829",,"29","0.0136","0.345""2","0.276","7.010",,"16","0.064","1.626",,"30","0.0124","0.315""3","0.252","6.401",,"17","0.056","1.422",,"31","0.0116","0.295""4","0.232","5.893",,"18","0.048","1.219",,"32","0.0108","0.274""5","0.212","5.385",,"19","0.040","1.016",,"33","0.0100","0.254""6","0.192","4.877",,"20","0.036","0.914",,"34","0.0092","0.234""7","0.176","4.470",,"21","0.032","0.813",,"35","0.0084","0.213""8","0.160","4.064",,"22","0.028","0.711",,"36","0.0076","0.193""9","0.144","3.658",,"23","0.024","0.610",,"37","0.0068","0.173""10","0.128","3.251",,"24","0.022","0.559",,"38","0.0060","0.152""11","0.116","2.946",,"25","0.020","0.508",,"39","0.0052","0.132"12,"0.104","2.642",,"26","0.018","0.457",,"40","0.0048","0.122"13,"0.092","2.337",,"27","0.0164","0.417",,"41","0.0044","0.112""刺钢丝""三)刺钢丝规格和重量""说 明 和 用 途",,"钢丝划号 (号)","刺间距离 (mm)","每kg长度 (m)","重量 (kg/km)""刺钢丝又名刺铁丝,俗称"花园铅丝"(因常作花园围墙篱笆之用,故名),系以镀锌钢丝经机器铰缠而成(一般用#12或#14钢丝制作).适于作各种围墙(尤其是公园围墙和临时建筑场地 的围墙)篱笆或障碍物用.",,"12","65","6.4","156",,,"75","7.2","139",,,"100","7.9","127",,,"125","8.6","116",,"14","65","10.9","91.8",,,"75","11.5","86.9",,,"100","13.0","76.9",,,"125","14.0","71.4""注 (1)刺钢丝规格的注写方法为"钢丝直径(号数)x尖数x刺间距离",或"钢丝直径(号数)x刺间距离"."" (2)表列刺钢丝的"每kg长度"和"重量",仅供参考.""刻痕钢丝""四)刻痕钢丝规格和重量""直径 (mm)","断面积 (mm2)","重量 (kg/m)"," 抗 拉 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,"屈 服 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,,"I组","II组","I组","II组""2.5","4.90","0.034","190","160","152","128""3","7.06","0.056","180","150","144","120""4","12.56","0.094","170","140","136","112""5","19.63","0.150","160","130","126","104""注 刻痕钢丝是由预应力混凝土结构用碳素钢丝(冷拔高强度钢丝)在经特制的"刻痕机"进行刻痕而制成的"" 预应力钢筋混凝土结构用的钢丝.""钢丝网""五)钢丝网规格和重量""号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)"20,"1.6","1.5",,"6","2.0","6.7",,"2.5","0.7","2.0",,"1","0.3","0.9","3.0","5.1",,"5.5","0.5","0.6",,"2.2","0.45","1.0",,,"0.35","1.2""18","1.6","1.7",,,"1.6","4.7",,,"0.6","1.6",,"0.9","0.25","0.7","3.0","5.7",,,"2.0","7.2",,,"0.8","2.9",,,"0.3","1.0""16","1.6","1.9",,"5","0.7","1.1",,"2","0.4","0.9",,,"0.4","1.6","3.0","6.3",,,"1.4","4.1",,,"0.5","1.3",,"0.8","0.22","0.6""14","1.4","1.7",,,"2.2","8.9",,,"0.6","1.9",,,"0.28","0.9","2.5","4.9",,"4.5","0.5","0.7",,,"1.2","6.0",,,"0.3","1.0""12","1.2","1.4",,,"1.0","2.3",,"1.8","0.4","0.9",,"0.7","0.2","0.6","2.5","5.7",,,"1.8","6.8",,,"0.5","1.4",,,"0.25","0.9""11","1.2","1.5",,"4","0.6","1.0",,,"0.7","2.6",,,"0.30","1.2","2.5","6.1",,,"1.0","2.6",,"1.6","0.3","0.6",,"0.63","0.22","0.7""10","1.0","1.2",,,"1.4","4.8",,,"0.4","1.0",,,"0.25","0.9","2.5","6.6",,"3.5","0.7","1.5",,,"0.45","1.3",,,"0.28","1.2""9","1.0","1.3",,,"1.0","2.9",,"1.4","0.30","0.7",,"0.56","0.22","0.8","2.2","5.7",,,"1.2","4.0",,,"0.35","0.9",,,"0.25","1.0""8","0.7","0.7",,"3.2","0.45","0.7",,,"0.65","2.7",,,"0.28","1.2","1.2","2.1",,,"0.9","2.7",,"1.2","0.28","0.7",,"0.5","0.22","0.9","1.8","4.5",,,"1.2","4.3",,,"0.35","1.0",,,"0.25","1.1""7","0.7","0.8",,"2.8","0.4","0.7",,,"0.4","1.3",,,"0.3","1.5","1.2","2.3",,,"0.7","1.8",,"1.1","0.28","0.7",,"0.45","0.2","0.8","1.8","5.0",,,"1.0","3.6",,,"0.35","1.1",,,"0.25","1.2""6","0.7","0.9",,"2.5","0.4","0.7",,,"0.40","1.4",,,"0.2","0.9","1.2","2.7",,,"0.5","1.1",,"1","0.25","0.7",,"0.4","0.25","1.3""钢板网""六)钢板网规格和重量""品 种","规 格 (mm)",,,,,,"每张大约重量(kg)","生产单位","丝梗厚度 h","孔眼宽度 T","丝梗宽度 b","节 距 t","网面宽度 B","网面长度 L""小","0.5","9","1","25","1800","600","0.875","上海中国钢板网厂",,,,,"2000",,"0.875","0.6","9","1","25","1800","600","1.000",,,,,"2000",,"1.125","0.7","9","1","25","1800","600","1.125",,,,,"2000",,"1.250""网","0.75","9","1","25","1800","600","1.250",,,,,"2000",,"1.375","0.8","9","1","25","1800","600","1.375",,,,,"2000",,"1.500","1","9","1","25","1500","600","1.625",,,,,"1800",,"1.875",,,,,"2000",,"2.125""大","0.5","7","1.2","2.5","1800","2800","5.85","上海中国钢板网厂","1","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","11.70",,"9","1.2","25","1500","3000","7.95",,,,,"1800","3600","11.70",,"9","1.1","25","2000","4000","14.76",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","11.70",,,,,"2000","4000","14.60","1.2","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","14.04",,"9","1.2","25","1800","3600","14.04",,,"1.1","25","2000","4000","17.71",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","14.04""网",,,,,"2000","4000","17.71","1.5","11","1.6","40","1800","3600","17.55",,"17","2.3","65","2000","4000","22.14","2","17","2.3","65","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"22","3.0","75","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"27","3.8","100","2000","4000","29.52","3","36","4.6","115","2000","4000","44.28",,"45","6.1","150""钢丝纱""七)钢丝纱(窗纱)规格和重量""规 格","面 积(m2/卷)","重 量",,"(kg/卷)","(kg/m2)""14目3x100","27.87","12.5","0.448""14目4x100","37.16","16.6","0.448""16目3x100",27.87,13.5,"0.484""16目4x100",37.16,"18.0","0.484""紫铜丝布""(八)紫铜丝布(紫铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","22","2.691",,"30","30","2.5116",,"65","36","1.9734""10","24","2.691",,"35","31","1.9734",,"70","36","1.9734""12","24","3.0498",,"40","32","1.9734",,"75","37","1.9734""16","26","2.1528",,"45","33","1.9734",,"80","37","1.9734""20","27","2.1528",,"50","34","1.9734",,"100","39","1.7940""24","30","2.1528",,"55","35","1.9734""28","30","2.3322",,"60","35","1.7940""黄铜丝布""(九)黄铜丝布(黄铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","24","1.5787",,"24","34","0.8611",,"50","38","0.6458""10","26","1.2375",,"26","34","0.8252",,"60","41","0.3947""12","27","1.2558",,"28","36","0.5386",,"70","42","0.3347""14","27","1.3276",,"30","36","0.5741",,"80","43","0.3767""16","32","0.6100",,"32","36","0.6100",,"90","43","0.4306""18","33","0.6100",,"34","36","0.6279",,"100","43","0.5023""20","33","0.7176",,"36","36","0.7176",,"110","44","0.3347""22","33","0.8611",,"40","36","0.4844",,"120","44","0.4485""铝及铝合金直角角型材""1,铝及铝合金直角角型材(XC111)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b"1,"12","1","0.234","0.065",,"25","25","1.3","0.734","0.204",,"49","38.3","5","3.590","0.998"2,"12","2","0.440","0.122",,"26","25","1.6","0.777","0.216",,"50","38.3","6.3","4.444","1.235"3,"12.5","1.6","0.377","0.105",,"27","25","2","0.964","0.268",,"51","40","2","1.564","0.435"4,"15","1","0.294","0.082",,"28","25","2.5","1.189","0.331",,"52","40","2.5","1.944","0.540"5,"15","1.2","0.353","0.098",,"29","25","3","1.410","0.392",,"53","40","3","2.320","0.645"6,"15","1.5","0.434","0.121",,"30","25","3.2","1.509","0.429",,"54","40","3.5","2.671","0.743"7,"15","2","0.564","0.157",,"31","25","3.5","1.641","0.456",,"55","40","3.5","2.694","0.749"8,"15","3","0.820","0.223",,"32","25","4","1.857","0.516",,"56","40","4","3.057","0.850"9,"16","1.6","0.429","0.119",,"33","25","5","2.242","0.623",,"57","40","5","3.750","1.043"10,"16","2.4","0.726","0.202",,"34","27","2","1.041","0.289",,"58","45","4","3.475","0.961"11,"18","1.5","0.524","0.146",,"35","27","2","1.090","0.303",,"59","45","5","4.277","1.189"12,"18","2","0.684","0.190",,"36","30","1.5","0.884","0.246",,"60","50","3","2.920","0.812"13,"19","1.6","0.585","0.163",,"37","30","2","1.164","0.324",,"61","50","4","3.857","1.072"14,"19","2.4","0.861","0.239",,"38","30","2.5","1.438","0.400",,"62","50","5","4.777","1.328"15,"19","3.2","1.125","0.313",,"39","30","3","1.720","0.478",,"63","50","6","5.655","1.572"16,"20","1","0.397","0.110",,"40","30","4","2.240","0.623",,"64","50","6.5","6.110","1.699"17,"20","1.2","0.473","0.131",,"41","32","2.4","1.491","0.415",,"65","50","12","10.600","2.947"18,"20","1.5","0.584","0.162",,"42","32","3.2","1.957","0.554",,"66","60","5","5.777","1.606"19,"20","2","0.764","0.212",,"43","32","3.5","2.131","0.592",,"67","60","6","6.855","1.906"20,"20","3","1.140","0.137",,"44","32","6.5","3.723","1.036",,"68","75","7","10.010","2.783"21,"20","4","1.475","0.410",,"45","35","3","2.005","0.557",,"69","75","8","11.360","3.158"22,"20.5","1.6","0.633","0.176",,"46","35","4","2.657","0.739",,"70","75","10","14.000","3.892"23,"23","2","0.680","0.245",,"47","38","2.4","1.773","0.498",,"71","90","5","8.750","2.433"24,"25","1.2","0.597","0.166",,"48","38.3","3.5","2.562","0.712",,"72","90","8","13.760","3.825""注 (1)铝及铝合金型材的尺寸,规格等摘自冶金工业部1970年颁发的《铝及铝镁合金挤压型材》."" (2)表内理论重量均按LY12合金比重(2.78)进行计算,其他材料的比重及换算系数如下:L1~L7(2.71)-0.975;"" LF2(2.68)-0.964;LF11(2.65)-0.953;LF21(2.73)-0.982;LD2(2.70)-0.971;"" LY11(2.80)-1.007;LY12(2.78)-1.000."" (3)铝型材主要生产单位有哈尔滨和西北铝加工厂等.西北铝加工厂的产品断面为100~400cm2,宽度小于530mm."" (4)铝及铝合金型材规格的表示方法是型材类别组号加序号,如XC111-4,其中,XC表示型材,后面的数字依次为"" 类别,组号,连字符后的数字为顺序号.""铝及铝合金直丁字型材""2,铝及铝合金直丁字型材(XC211)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"15","25","1","0.405","0.113",,"34","32","45","3","2.259","0.628"2,"19","50","2","1.378","0.383",,"35","32","48","2.4","1.874","0.521"3,"20","20","2","0.760","0.211",,"36","32","50","3","2.423","0.674"4,"20","30","1.5","0.740","0.206",,"37","35","32","1.5","1.000","0.278"5,"20","35","2","1.060","0.295",,"38","35","35","4","2.713","0.754"6,"20","37","2","1.117","0.311",,"39","35","40","2","1.468","0.408"7,"20","42","2","1.200","0.334",,"40","37","42","2","1.500","0.417"8,"20","42","2","1.240","0.345",,"41","38","44","5","3.910","1.087"9,"20","45","2","1.860","0.517",,"42","38","50","3.5","3.026","0.841"10,"20","90","2","2.160","0.600",,"43","38","50","4.8","3.990","1.109"11,"21","53","1.8","1.300","0.361",,"44","39","75","5","5.510","1.532"12,"22","48","1.4","1.960","0.267",,"45","40","36","5","3.350","0.933"13,"25","29","1.6","0.847","0.25",,"46","40","45","3","2.479","0.689"14,"25","35","1.5","0.890","0.247",,"47","40","45","4","3.274","0.910"15,"25","38","2.5","1.510","0.420",,"48","40","68","3","3.300","0.917"16,"25","40","2","1.280","0.356",,"49","40","130","6","9.840","2.736"17,"25","45","2.5","1.726","0.480",,"50","42","64","4","4.100","1.140"18,"25","45","3","2.019","0.561",,"51","45","40","2.2","1.860","0.517"19,"25","45","4","2.708","0.753",,"52","50","70","4","4.640","1.300"20,"25","48","1.4","1.012","0.288",,"53","51","51","2.4","2.443","0.679"21,"25","48","1.5","1.082","0.301",,"54","54","50","3","3.040","0.845"22,"25","50","2","1.499","0.417",,"55","54","68","3","3.608","1.003"23,"25","50","2.5","1.851","0.515",,"56","64","50","5","5.781","1.607"24,"26","38","2.5","1.554","0.432",,"57","63","50","2","2.320","0.645"25,"27","70","2","1.920","0.534",,"58","70","37","2","2.100","0.584"26,"29","38","1.6","1.055","0.293",,"59","70","55","2","2.460","0.684"27,"29","58","2.5","2.180","0.606",,"60","74","66","6","8.080","2.246"28,"29","58","3.5","2.991","0.831",,"61","75","40","3","3.400","0.945"29,"30","40","1.5","1.040","0.289",,"62","80","50","2","2.560","0.712"30,"30","40","2","1.370","0.381",,"63","80","60","3","4.110","1.143"31,"30","45","3","2.150","0.597",,"64","83","50","3","3.953","1.099"32,"30","56","4","3.280","0.912",,"65","90","77","10","15.700","4.365"33,"30","68","6.5","6.100","1.696""热轧铜板""1,热轧铜板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽 度 (mm)",,,,,,,,"理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)","600~900","1000~1200","1300~1500","1600~1800","1900~2200","2300~2500","2600~2800","2900~3000","最 大 长 度 (mm)""5.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"44.50""5.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"48.95""6.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"53.40""6.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"57.85""7.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"62.30""7.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"66.75""8.0","4000","5000","6000","5500","4800","4200","3700","3500","71.20""9.0","4000","5000","6000","5000","4200","3700","3300","3100","80.10""10.0","4000","5000","5500","4500","3800","3300","3000","3000","89.0""11.0","4000","5000","5000","4000","3400","3300","2800",,"97.9""12.0","4000","5000","4500","3800","3100","2800",,,"106.8""13.0","4000","5000","4000","3600","2900",,,,"115.7""14.0","4000","4500","3800","3300","2700",,,,"124.6""15.0","4500","4300","3600","3100","2500",,,,"133.5""16.0","4500","4300","3400","2000","2400",,,,"142.4""17.0","4500","4000","3200","2700","2200",,,,"151.3""18.0","4500","3900","3000","2600",,,,,"160.2""19.0","4500","3700","2800","2400",,,,,"169.1""20.0","4500","3500","2600","2300",,,,,"178.0""21.0","4000","3300","2500","2200",,,,,"186.9""22.0","4000","3000","2400","2100",,,,,"195.8""23.0","4000","3000","2400","2000",,,,,"204.7""24.0","3500","2800","2200","1900",,,,,"213.6""25.0","3500","2800","2000","1800",,,,,"222.5""注 热轧板的宽度按100mm进级.""铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材(XC511)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积 (mm2)","理论重量 (kg/m)","H","B","b"1,"23","38","1.2","1.178","0.327"2,"26","34.5","3.5","3.157","0.875"3,"57","48","8","11.000","3.058"4,"68","38","2.5","3.509","0.976"5,"86","60","6","11.600","3.225""铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材(XC411)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"12.7","15.9","1.6","0.688","0.191",,11,"38","25","3","2.613","0.726"2,"20","15","1.2","0.578","0.163",,12,"44","25","4","3.690","1.001"3,"20","15","1.5","0.721","0.200",,13,"50","19","2.5","2.102","0.584"4,"25","18","1.5","0.885","0.246",,14,"80","30","3","4.020","1.118"5,"25","23","3.5","2.267","0.630",,15,"80","35","4","5.680","1.579"6,"31","25","2.5","1.900","0.528",,16,"80","40","4","6.080","1.690"7,"32","14","1.9","1.000","0.303",,17,"100","30","3","4.620","1.284"8,"34","25","3.5","2.764","0.768",,18,"100","35","4","6.480","1.801"9,"36","26","2.5","2.075","0.577",,19,"100","40","4","6.880","1.913"10,"36","31.5","3.2","2.960","0.823""铝及铝合金槽形型材""3,铝及铝合金槽形型材(XC311)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"13","13","1.6","0.561","0.156",,"31","45","40","3","3.638","1.011"2,"13","34","3.5","2.579","0.717",,"32","46","25","5","4.300","1.195"3,"20","15","1.3","0.620","0.172",,"33","50","20","4","5.331","0.926"4,"21","28","4","2.868","0.797",,"34","50","30","2","2.120","0.589"5,"25","13","2.4","1.134","0.315",,"35","50","30","4","4.131","1.148"6,"25","15","1.5","0.795","0.221",,"36","55","25","5","4.819","1.340"7,"25","18","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"37","55","30","3","3.299","0.917"8,"25","18","2","1.140","0.317",,"38","60","25","4","4.131","1.148"9,"25","20","2.5","1.520","0.423",,"39","60","35","5","6.000","1.668"10,"25","20","4","2.280","0.634",,"40","60","40","4","4.480","1.245"11,"25","25","5","3.250","0.904",,"41","63","38.3","4.8","6.275","1.744"12,"30","15","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"42","64","38","4","5.300","1.473"13,"30","18","1.5","0.960","0.267",,"43","70","25","3","3.449","0.959"14,"30","20","2","1.335","0.371",,"44","70","25","5","5.500","1.529"15,"30","22","6","3.870","1.076",,"45","70","26","3.2","3.700","1.028"16,"32","25","1.8","1.437","0.399",,"46","70","30","4","4.931","1.371"17,"32","25","2.5","1.925","0.535",,"47","70","40","5","7.080","1.968"18,"35","20","2.5","1.770","0.492",,"48","75","45","5","7.831","2.177"19,"35","30","2","1.833","0.510",,"49","80","30","4.5","6.010","1.671"20,"38","50","5","6.560","1.824",,"50","80","35","4.5","6.414","1.783"21,"40","18","2","1.453","0.404",,"51","80","35","6","8.280","2.302"22,"40","18","2.5","1.795","0.499",,"52","80","40","4","6.131","1.704"23,"40","18","3","2.129","0.592",,"53","80","40","6","8.900","2.474"24,"40","21","4","2.960","0.823",,"54","80","60","4","7.480","2.079"25,"40","25","2","1.730","0.481",,"55","90","50","6","10.680","2.969"26,"40","25","3","2.549","0.709",,"56","100","40","6","10.080","2.802"27,"40","30","3.5","3.250","0.904",,"57","100","48","6.3","11.550","3.211"28,"40","32","3","2.978","0.828",,"58","100","50","5","9.580","2.663"29,"40","50","4","5.280","1.468",,"59","128","40","9","17.100","4.754"30,"45","20","3","2.370","0.659""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管1""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","0.25","0.30","0.40","0.50","0.60","0.80","1.0","1.2",1.4,"1.5",1.6,1.8,"2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""50",,,,,,,"1.21","1.44","1.68","1.79","1.91","2.14","2.37","2.59","2.93","3.25","3.48","3.70","4.01","4.54","5.05","5.55""(51)",,,,,,,"1.23","1.47","1.71","1.83","1.96","2.18","2.42","2.64","2.99","3.32","3.55","3.79","4.10","4.64","5.16","5.67""53",,,,,,,"1.28","1.53","1.78","1.91","2.03","2.27","2.52","2.76","3.11","3.46","3.70","3.94","4.27","4.83","5.38","5.92""(54)",,,,,,,"1.31","1.59","1.82","1.94","2.07","2.31","2.56","2.81","3.18","3.53","3.77","4.02","4.36","4.93","5.49","6.04""56",,,,,,,"1.36","1.62","1.89","2.02","2.15","2.40","2.66","2.92","3.30","3.66","3.92","4.17","4.53","5.13","5.71","6.29""(57)",,,,,,,"1.38","1.65","1.92","2.05","2.18","2.45","2.71","2.97","3.36","3.74","4.00","4.25","4.62","5.23","5.83","6.41""60",,,,,,,"1.46","1.74","2.02","2.16","2.31","2.58","2.86","3.13","3.55","3.94","4.22","4.49","4.88","5.52","6.16","6.78""63",,,,,,,"1.53","1.83","2.13","2.27","2.42","2.71","3.01","3.30","3.72","4.15","4.44","4.73","5.13","5.81","6.49","7.14""65",,,,,,,"1.58","1.89","2.20","2.35","2.50","2.80","3.11","3.40","3.85","4.29","4.59","4.89","5.31","6.02","6.71","7.40""(68)",,,,,,,"1.65","1.98","2.36","2.46","2.62","2.93","3.26","3.57","4.04","4.49","4.81","5.12","5.57","6.31","7.05","7.77""70",,,,,,,"1.70","2.03","2.37","2.53","2.70","3.02","3.35","3.68","4.16","4.36","4.96","5.23","5.74","6.51","7.27","8.01""(73)",,,,,,,"1.78","2.12","2.47","2.64","2.82","3.16","3.50","3.84","4.35","4.84","5.18","5.52","6.00","6.81","7.60","8.38""75",,,,,,,"1.82","2.18","2.54","2.71","2.90","3.24","3.60","3.95","4.46","4.97","5.32","5.68","6.17","7.00","7.82","8.62""(76)",,,,,,,"1.85","2.21","2.57","2.76","2.94","3.29","3.65","4.00","4.53","5.05","5.40","5.75","6.26","7.10","7.93","8.75""80",,,,,,,,,"2.71","2.90","3.09","3.47","3.84","4.22","4.77","5.32","5.69","6.07","6.60","7.49","8.37","9.24""(83)",,,,,,,,,"2.82","3.02","3.21","3.60","4.00","4.37","4.96","5.52","5.92","6.31","6.86","7.79","8.71","9.62""85",,,,,,,,,"2.88","3.08","3.29","3.69","4.09","4.48","5.08","5.66","6.06","6.46","7.04","7.98","8.93","9.83""(89)",,,,,,,,,"3.02","3.24","3.45","3.86","4.29","4.70","5.33","5.94","6.36","6.77","7.38","8.38","9.38","10.33""90",,,,,,,,,"3.05","3.27","3.49","3.91","4.34","4.76","5.39","6.01","6.43","6.86","7.47","8.47","9.49","10.47""95",,,,,,,,,"3.21","3.46","3.68","4.13","4.59","5.02","5.70","6.36","6.81","7.26","7.90","8.98","10.04","11.10"100,,,,,,,,,"3.40","3.64","3.88","4.35","4.83","5.30","6.00","6.70","7.17","7.65","8.32","9.46","10.59","11.70""(102)",,,,,,,,,"3.46","3.73","3.97","4.45","4.93","5.40","6.13","6.84","7.32","7.81","8.50","9.67","10.82","11.96""(108)",,,,,,,,,"3.67","3.95","4.21","4.72","5.23","5.74","6.50","7.25","7.77","8.29","9.02","10.26","11.49","12.70"110,,,,,,,,,"3.74","4.03","4.28","4.81","5.32","5.84","6.62","7.39","7.92","8.43","9.19","10.46","11.70","12.93"120,,,,,,,,,,"4.36","4.66","5.25","5.83","6.38","7.24","8.07","8.66","9.22","10.06","11.44","12.93","14.30"125,,,,,,,,,,,,"5.46","6.06","6.64","7.54","8.42","9.02","9.61","10.50","11.91","13.37","14.80"130,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"7.86","8.78","9.40","10.00","10.92","12.43","13.92","15.48""(133)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"8.05","8.98","9.59","10.25","11.18","12.75","14.26","15.75"140,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.11","10.79","11.80","13.42","15.05","16.65"150,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.85","11.52","12.65","14.39","16.11","17.85"160,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"13.53","15.38","17.25","19.09"170,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"14.31","16.31","18.35","20.30"180,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"15.20","17.30","19.50","21.59"190,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"18.29","20.60","22.80"200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"19.67","21.65","24.00""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管2""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","5.5","6.0","6.5","7.0","7.5","8.0","8.5","9","9.5","10",11,12,"钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""5""6""7""8""9""10","0.518","0.536","0.561""11","0.592","0.615","0.647""12","0.666","0.694","0.734","0.789""(13)","0.740","0.774","0.820","0.888""14","0.814","0.852","0.906","0.986""(15)","0.888","0.932","0.993","1.09","1.17","1.23""16","0.962","1.10","1.08","1.18","1.28","1.35""(17)","1.04","1.09","1.17","1.28","1.39","1.48""18","1.11","1.17","1.25","1.38","1.50","1.60""(19)","1.18","1.25","1.34","1.48","1.61","1.73","1.54","1.92""20","1.26","1.33","1.42","1.58","1.72","1.85","1.97","2.07""(21)","1.33","1.41","1.51","1.68","1.83","1.97","2.10","2.22""22","1.41","1.49","1.60","1.77","1.94","2.10","2.24","2.37""(23)","1.48","1.57","1.68","1.87","2.05","2.22","2.37","2.52""(24)","1.55","1.64","1.77","1.97","2.16","2.34","2.51","2.66","2.81","2.93""25","1.63","1.72","1.86","2.07","2.28","2.47","2.64","2.81","2.97","3.11""(27)","1.78","1.88","2.03","2.27","2.50","2.71","2.92","3.11","3.29","3.45""28","1.85","1.96","2.11","2.37","2.61","2.84","3.05","3.26","3.45","3.68""29","1.92","2.02","2.20","2.47","2.72","2.96","3.19","3.40","3.60","3.80","3.98""30","2.00","2.12","2.29","2.56","2.83","3.08","3.32","3.55","3.77","3.97","4.16","4.34""32","2.15","1.28","2.46","2.76","3.05","3.33","3.59","3.85","4.09","4.32","4.53","4.74""34","2.29","2.43","2.63","2.96","3.27","3.58","3.87","4.14","4.41","4.66","4.90","5.13""(35)","2.37","2.51","2.72","3.06","3.38","3.70","4.00","4.29","4.57","4.83","5.09","5.33""36","2.44","2.59","2.81","3.16","3.50","3.82","4.14","4.44","4.73","5.01","5.27","5.52""38","2.59","2.75","2.98","3.35","3.72","4.07","4.41","4.74","5.05","5.35","5.64","5.92","6.18","6.44""40","2.74","2.91","3.15","3.55","3.94","4.32","4.68","5.03","5.37","5.70","6.01","6.31","6.60","6.88""42","2.89","3.07","3.32","3.75","4.16","4.56","4.95","5.33","5.69","6.04","6.38","6.71","7.02","7.32""44.5","3.07","3.25","3.54","4.00","4.44","4.87","5.29","5.70","6.09","6.47","6.84","7.20","7.55","7.88""45","3.11","3.31","3.58","4.04","4.49","4.93","5.36","5.77","6.17","6.56","6.94","7.30","7.65","7.99","8.32","8.63""48","3.33","3.54","3.84","4.34","4.83","5.30","5.76","6.21","6.65","7.08","7.49","7.89","8.28","8.66","9.03","9.57""水,煤气输送钢管""1,水,煤气输送钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)234-63]""公称内径",,"钢 管 螺 纹",,"外径 (mm)","普通管",,"加厚管""mm","(in.)",,"壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)","壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)""6","1/8''","10","2","0.89","2.50","0.46""8","1/4''","13.5","2.25","0.62","2.75","0.73""10","3/8''","17","2.25","0.82","2.75","0.97""15","1/2''","21.25","2.75","1.25","3.25","1.44""20","3/4''","26.75","2.75","1.63","3.5","2.01""25","1''","33.5","3.25","2.42","4","2.91""32","1 1''/4","42.25","3.25","3.13","4","3.77""40","1 1''/2","48","3.5","3.84","4.25","4.58""50","2''","60","3.5","4.88","4.5","6.16""70","2 1''/2","75.5","3.75","6.64","4.5","7.88""80","3''","88.5","4","8.34","4.75","9.81""100","4''","114","4","10.85","5","13.44""125","5''","140","4.5","15.04","5.5","18.24""150","6''","165","4.5","17.81","5.5","21.63""注(1)表列钢管是适用于输送水,煤气及采暖系统等用的钢管.分镀锌和不镀锌(黑管)两种;又分带螺纹和"" 不带螺纹两种;按壁厚可分为普通钢管,加厚钢管和薄壁钢管."" (2)钢管的长度规定为:无螺纹的黑管4~12m;带螺纹的黑管和镀锌管4~9m.每批允许有10%的(按根数计算)"" 2~4m长的短尺钢管或4~9m米长的接管(即用一个管接头将两根钢管连接而成)."" (3)经供需双方协议,可供应定尺长度或倍尺长度的钢管.其最大长度可到8m.按倍尺交货的钢管,每个单"" 倍尺应留切口5~10mm."" (4)钢管用易焊接的软钢制造,钢号和制造方法(炉焊或电焊)均由制造厂选择."" (5)钢管应能承受下列规定压力的水压试验:普通钢管和薄壁钢管:20kg/cm2;加厚钢管30kg/cm2.""电丝套管""2,电丝套管规格,重量表""名称","外径 (mm)","近似内径 (mm)","管壁厚度 (mm)","重量 (kg/m)","每吨长度 (m/t)""5/8''","15.9","12.3","1.8","0.626","1597.44""3/4''","19.1","15.5","1.8","0.627","1302.08""1''","25.4","21.8","1.8","0.628","954.20""1 1''/4","31.8","28.2","1.8","0.629","750.75""1 1''/2","38.1","34.5","1.8","0.630","620.73""电焊钢管""电焊钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)242-68]""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)",0.5,0.6,0.8,"1.0","1.2","1.4","1.5","1.6","1.8","2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","3.8","4.0",4.2,4.5,4.8,"5.0",5.5,"钢 管 的 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""(5)","0.055","0.065","0.083","0.099""(6)","0.068","0.080","0.108","0.123""(7)","0.080","0.095","0.122","0.148""(8)","0.092","0.110","0.142","0.173","(0.202)""(9)","0.105","0.125","0.162","0.197","0.231""10","0.117","0.139","0.182","0.222","(0.261)""(11)","0.129","0.154","0.201","0.247","0.290""12","0.142","0.169","0.221","0.271","0.320","0.365","(0.388)","0.411""(13)",,"0.184","0.241","0.296","0.349","0.400","0.425","0.451""(14)",,"0.199","0.260","0.321","0.379","0.434","0.462","0.490""15",,"0.214","0.280","0.345","0.409","0.468","(0.499)","0.529""16",,"0.228","0.300","0.370","0.438","0.503","(0.536)","0.568""(17)",,"0.244","0.320","0.395","0.468","0.537","0.573","0.608""18",,"0.258","0.340","0.419","0.497","0..572","(0.610)","0.647","(0.717)","(0.789)""(19)",,"0.274","0.359","0.444","0.527","0

冷轧薄钢板，简称冷轧钢板、冷轧薄板、冷轧板、冷板等。它还包括不锈钢板、弹簧钢板、硬钢片、镀锌板、镀锡板、镀铝板等。冷轧薄钢带，简称冷轧钢带、冷轧带钢、钢带、带钢、薄钢带、冷轧卷等。还包括不锈钢带、镀锌钢带、镀锡钢带等。 冷轧钢板标准 冷轧薄钢板、钢带（以下简称冷轧薄板）主要用于零件的冲压加工，而冷轧薄板的力学性能十分重要，它直接关系到板材的冲压性能。冷轧薄板是以不同的热处理状态分级的，不同硬度的材料，用于不同的加工方法，国家标准GB/T 13237-1991《优质碳素结构钢冷轧薄钢板和钢带》将冷轧薄板大致分为三级，P级用于普通冲压，S级用于深度冲压，Z级用于最深度冲压。中国冶金标准YB/T 5059-1993《低碳钢冷轧钢带》将薄钢板按硬度分为五级，即：TR（特级）、R（软）、BR（半软）、DY（低硬）和Y（冷硬）。其实通过一定的冷轧变形程度和冷轧后热处理的恰当配合，可以在广泛的范围内满足用户关于材料力学性能方面的要求。冷轧薄板根据用户加工上的要求可以分成更多的级别。例如：日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》的分类除分为一般用（spcc）、冲压用(spcd)和深冲压用（spce）三类外，还细分为退火、标准调质、1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬、全硬等级别。 在冷轧薄板力学性能的检测方面，一些标准只规定了拉伸试验，另一些标准除拉伸试验外还规定了硬度试验。 中国标准GB/T 13237-1991就只规定了拉伸试验，技术要求冷轧钢板标准如表一所示：牌号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率不小于拉延级别Z－S和PZSP08F275～365275～38034323008,08Al,10F275～390275～41032302810295～410295～43030392815F315～430315～45029282715335～450335～47027262520355～490335～50026252425——390～540——242330——440～590——222135——490～635——201940——510～650————1845——530～680————1650——540～715————14 日本标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》（该标准中包含了冷轧薄钢板和钢带）规定了拉伸试验，也规定了硬度试验，该标准的力学性能要求如下：表二：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的拉伸试验质牌号抗拉强度/MPa 不小于 伸长率/%不小于试样按以下公称厚度/mm>=0.250.250.400.601.01.6>=2.5SPCC SPCD SPCE(270) 270 270(32) 34 36(34) 36 3836 38 40　 37 39 41 　　 (38) 40 42 　39 41 435号试样轧制方向 表三：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的硬度值。调质区分符号 硬度最大HRBHV退火A57105标准调质S65115 注：厚度小于0.6mm的钢板和钢带，原则上不进行拉伸试验。 表四：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬材料的拉伸试验值。调质区分 符号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率/%最小试样1/8硬8294～410255号试样轧制方向1/4硬4370～490101/2硬2440～590——硬1>=550——     表五：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬状态的硬度值。调质区分符号HRBHV1/8硬 1/4硬8450～7165～8095～130 115～1501/2硬 硬2174～89 ≥85135～185 ≥170注：HRB和HV，仅选用其中之一。英国标准BS 1449/1.9-1991《厚板、薄板和钢带第一部分：碳素钢和碳锰钢厚板、薄板和钢带具有成形性能的冷轧窄钢带技术条件》对冷轧板分级为CS1（铝镇静稳定化超深冲）、CS2（超深冲）、CS3（深冲）、CS4（折边）、CS15（商品级）。这项标准的力学性能要求如表六所示： 表六：钢材交货时的力学性能轧制状态和级别退火（A）或平整冷轧（SP）状态硬度HV1)2)最大屈服强度Re1)/MPa最小抗拉强度Rm1)/MPa最小伸长率A1)/%最小弯心直径1)（180°弯曲）原始标距LO50mm80mmCS1A9514027038（36）0aSP10514027036（34）0aCS2A9514027036（34）0a SP10014027036（34）0aCS3A100（140）（280）（34）（32）0aSP110（140）（280）（34）（32）0aCS4A105（140）（280）——0aSP115（140）（280）——0a 注：1）窄钢带交货应符合，或者硬度和弯曲试验，或者拉伸和弯曲试验，但硬度和拉伸试验不应同时进行。     2）对于SP（平整冷轧）状态，与镀层精整（PL）或镜面光洁度（MF），或以“无拉伸痕”交货的钢材组合，最大硬度可以提高5个HV或抗拉强度可以提高20MPa。     3）牌号CS2、CS3和CS4的硬度值仅适用于沸腾钢。 如上所述冷轧薄板的力学性能可以通过拉伸试验来检测，也可以通过硬度试验来检测。由于硬度试验设备简单、易于掌握，试验效率高，并且金属硬度与强度之间有一定的对应关系，所以硬度检测是确定材料力学性能的更方便的方法。冷轧薄板的硬度检测可以用于冷轧板生产过程的质量控制，更适于生产冲压产品的厂家对原材料进行力学性能的复检。 日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996规定的硬度试验是洛氏硬度HRB和维氏硬度HV。维氏硬度试验可用于冷轧薄板，但洛氏硬度HRB却不适用于测试薄板材料。因为当板材厚度小于2mm时，测试HRB硬度可能会因为发生“测砧效应”而使测量的硬度值失准。对于薄板材料，可以测试表面洛氏硬度HRN或HRT，然后换算成HRB或HV硬度。冷轧钢板标准生产了一种便携式表面洛氏硬度计，它非常适合测试薄板和钢带材料，它可以在生产现场、销售现场或材料仓库快速进行冷轧薄板材料的洛氏硬度检测，完成一次测量仅需要10秒钟时间，检测的板材厚度范围为0.05-50mm。这种仪器可以用在冷轧薄板带的生产线上，对产品的热处理效果进行在线的质量控制。这种仪器更适用于冲压产品的生产厂家。可以用它对购入的板材硬度进行复检，可以携带它去钢材市场选购材料，也可以利用它对自己厂生产的冲压产品进行硬度检测。 这种仪器如果配上一个支承座，还可以放到办公桌上使用。可以对成批的成品或半成品工件做逐件检测。它的测试精度与台式洛氏硬度计相同。 目前冷轧薄带材料正在向超薄方向发展，据报道，上海宝钢已扎制出厚度为0.08mm的冷轧薄板带材。采用本所生产的PHR-1S型表面洛氏硬度计，配一个金刚点砧座，就可测试薄至0.05mm冷轧薄板带材料的硬度。 这种应用完全可以取代维氏硬度计，使冷轧薄板材料的力学性能检测实现快速、简便、经济。

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板。冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，冷轧钢板的密度不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。冷轧钢板的密度：热轧钢板含碳量可比冷轧钢板略高些。在成份相持不大的情况下密度是一样的。但如果成份相差悬殊，如不锈钢不论冷轧、热轧密度都在7.9g/cm3左右。具体还要看成份，热轧只是延展性更好，钢材同样受到压力作用

不锈钢热轧钢板是用热轧工艺生产的不锈钢钢板。厚度不大于3mm的为薄板，厚度大于3mm的为厚板用于化工、石油、机械、船舶等行业制造耐蚀零件、容器和设备。其分类和牌号如下： 　　1．奥氏体型钢 　　(1)1Cr17Mn6Ni15N；(2)1Cr18Mn8Ni5N；(3)1Cr18Ni9；(4)1Cr18Ni9Si3；(5)0Cr18Ni9；(6)00Cr19Ni10；(7)0Cr19Ni9N；(8)0Cr19Ni10NbN；(9)00Cr18Ni10N；(10)1Cr18Ni12；(11) 0Cr23Ni13；(12)0Cr25Ni20；(13) 0Cr17Ni12Mo2；(14) 00Cr17Ni14Mo2；(15) 0Cr17Ni12Mo2N；(16) 00Cr17Ni13Mo2N；(17) 1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti；(18) 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti；(19) 1Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti；(20) 0Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti；(21) 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Cu2；(22) 00Cr18Ni14Mo2Cu2；(23) 0Cr19Ni13Mo3；(24) 00Cr19Ni13Mo3；(25) 0Cr18Ni16Mo5；(26) 1Cr18Ni9Ti；(27) 0Cr18Ni10Ti；(28) 0Cr18Ni11Nb；(29) 0Cr18Ni13Si4 　　2．奥氏体——铁素体型钢 　　(30)0Cr26Ni5Mo2；(31)00Cr18Ni5Mo3Si2； 　　3．铁素体型钢 　　(32)0Cr13Al；(33) 00Cr12；(34)1Cr15；(35)1Cr17；(36)1Cr17Mo；(37)00Cr17Mo； (38)00Cr18Mo2；(39)00Cr30Mo2；(40)00Cr27Mo 　　4．马氏体型钢 　　(41)1Cr12；(42)0Cr13；(43)；1Cr13；(44)2Cr13；(45)3Cr13；(46)4Cr13；(47)3Cr16；(48)7Cr17 　　5．沉淀硬化型钢 　　(49)0Cr17Ni7Al热轧板带钢工艺润滑的研究　　一 热轧工艺润滑的主要作用　　1.1 降低摩擦系数，降低轧制力　　由于磨擦系数的减小，使轧制力降低，一般为可降低轧制力10%~25%，这样降低了轧制功率，节约了能耗，。　　1.2 减少轧辊消耗，提高作业率　　热轧条件下，工作轧辊面因与冷却水长期接触发生氧化，形成黑皮，这是造成轧辊异常磨损的主要原因。采用特殊的润滑剂能够有效阻止辊面黑皮的形成，延长轧辊使用寿命，减少换辊次数，提高轧机作业率。　　1.3改善轧后表面质量　　轧辊磨损的降低，黑皮的减少直接改善了轧后板面质量。　　1.4改善制品内部组织性能　　工艺润滑可以使轧后带钢的晶料组织得到改善，提高其深冲性能。　　1.5节能降耗　　采用工艺润滑后，热轧吨钢平均节电3度；酸洗酸液减少0.3~1.0kg；金属消耗降低1.0kg；轧辊的消耗能降低30%~50%。　　二 热轧工艺润滑的机理 　　通常热轧润滑剂是以油水混合液的形式被送到轧辊表面的，水是载体，少量的油均匀分散在水中。油水混合液的作用过程是水包油相向油包水相的转变过程。混合液体到达辊面后，以水包油的形式迅速地在辊面展开，当进入变形区与高温轧件接触时，由于温度和压力的作用，水很快蒸发并转变成油包水相，一部分油燃烧成以灰分为主的燃烧物；一部分油则以油膜的形式均匀地覆盖在轧辊与轧件的接触弧面上，两者在变形区内大约0.01s的时间内都能起到润滑的作用。　　三 热轧工艺润滑剂的选用　　3.1 热轧工艺润滑剂的性能　　3.1.1良好且稳定的润滑性能　　3.1.2良好的润湿性和黏着性，能均匀地分散在轧辊表面并牢固地黏着。　　3.1.3高温下良好的抗氧化性和耐分解性，保证在与轧件接触前不产生燃烧和分解。　　3.1.4良好的抗乳化性和离水展着性。　　3.1.5无毒无味，同时分解中产生的气体也无毒无味，燃烧产物无毒，不污染环境。　　3.2热轧工艺润滑剂的组成及种类　　热轧油有水基和油基两种形式，目前大部分厂家采用油基热轧油。　　一般热轧油由基础油和油性剂两部分组成，基础油有矿物油、聚烯烃、酯类油；油性剂有动、植物油、脂肪酸、高级脂肪酸、合成脂、固体润滑剂等。　　四 热轧工艺润滑对力能参数的影响　　生产中采用上述热轧油后，使得轧制压力显著降低15%~30%；轧辊消耗减少可达50%；节能减少近10%。　　采用不同类型的热轧油进行热轧普碳钢工艺润滑效果实验，测量轧制压力并与无工艺润滑的轧制条件的轧制力作比较，结果见下表　　表： 不同类型热轧油的润滑效果　　热轧油类型 轧制压力下降%　　Q-HB-1905 32.5 　　HR-40 21.2 　　Q-HB-11 20.8 　　脂肪油 40　　由表可看出，脂肪油表现出较好的降低轧制力的能力，但脂肪油也存在致命缺陷，如轧后钢板表面的清洁性较差；另外脂肪油在高温条件下油烟较重，恶化工作环境。另外不同种类的添加剂降低轧制压力也明显不同，影响效果如图所示 五 工艺润滑对轧辊磨损的影响　　采用工艺润滑可大大降低轧辊的磨损，热轧时轧辊应有足够冷却与润滑。通过现场对比试验，轧制带钢产量与轧辊磨损的关系在不同的轧制条件下有很大的差异，如图所示 随轧制量增加，轧辊磨损加剧，由于磨损的不均匀性，将严重影响到轧后的板面质量，采用润滑后，轧辊磨损的速度要缓慢得多。　　采用工艺润滑后，轧辊磨损大大减少，沿辊身长度上的磨损也变得较为均匀，这样对热轧带钢的板形非常有利。下图为F1～F4 400连轧机组轧辊的磨损情况： 　　实践表明，采用微量的润滑剂完全可以达到降低轧辊磨损的目的，轧辊的润滑效果及磨损程度并不是与润滑剂用量及浓度成正比，相反，润滑剂的用量过大，会造成打滑、轧件咬入困难，同时造成污染。　　六 存在的问题 　　热轧带钢采用工艺润滑后，使轧件的咬入条件发生变化,不利于轧件的顺利咬入,可以通过间歇供油的方式来解决。由于采用润滑后摩擦系数的下降，对板宽、板厚将产生很大影响，且不易控制，可在条件成熟时采用AGC厚度自动控制系统，对厚度精度进行有效控制，且能获得更加良好的板形。此外由于轧制油的燃烧，使工人恶劣的工作条件比以前有所加剧，车间油烟较大，需专设排烟系统。

冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。镀锌是在装有镀件、玻璃球、锌粉、水和促进剂的旋转滚桶内，作为冲击介质的玻璃球随着滚桶转动，与镀件表面发生摩擦和锤击产生机械物理能量，在化学促进剂的作用下，将镀涂的锌粉“冷焊”到镀件表面上，形成光滑、均匀和细致的具有一定厚度的镀层。镀锌分为热镀锌和电镀锌两种。热镀锌也叫热浸镀锌和热浸锌，是一种有效的 金属 防腐方式，主要用于各 行业 的 金属 结构设施上。是将除锈后的钢件浸入500℃左右融化的锌液中，使钢构件表面附着锌层，从而起到防腐的目的。电镀锌，是利用电解设备将管件经过除油、酸洗、后放入成分为锌盐的溶液中，并连接电解设备的负极，在管件的对面放置锌版，连接在电解设备的正极接通电源，利用电流从正极向负极的定向移动就会在管件上沉积一层锌，冷镀管件是先加工后镀锌。

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在6~13.5吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。产品特点因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。简单来说，冷轧，是在热软板扎的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧→酸洗→冷轧这样的加工过程。冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由热轧经过连续冷变形而成的冷轧，机械性能比较差，硬度太高，必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。化学成分（Wt%）牌号CSiMnPSCuSPCC0.02～0.08≤0.100.15～0.30≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q1950.06～0.12≤0.300.25～0.50≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q235-B0.12～0.20≤0.300.30～0.70≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050制作工序冷轧通常采用众轧的方式。冷轧生产的工序一般包括原料准备、酸洗、轧制、脱脂、退火(热处理)、精整等。冷轧以热轧产品为原料，冷轧前原料要先除磷，以保证冷轧产品的表面洁净。轧制是使材料变形的主要工序。脱脂的目的在于去除轧制时附在轧材上的润滑油脂，以免退火时污染钢材表面，对不锈钢也为防止增碳。退火包括中间退火和成品热处理，中间退火是通过再结晶消除冷变形时产生的加工硬化，以恢复材料的塑性及降低金属的变形抗力。成品热处理的目的除了通过再结晶消除硬化外。还在于根据产品的技术要求以获得所需要的组织(如各种织构等)和产品性能(如深冲、电磁性能等)。精整包括检查、剪切、矫直(平整)、打印、分类包装等内容。冷轧产品有很高的包装要求，以防止产品在运输过程中表面被刮伤。除上述工序外在生产一些特殊产品时还有各自的特殊工序。如轧制硅钢板时，在冷轧前要进行脱碳退火，轧后要进行涂膜、高温退火、拉伸矫直(见张力矫直)与回火等。用于冷轧带刚的轧机有二辊轧机、四辊轧机和多辊轧机。应用最多的是四辊轧机。轧制更薄的产品则要采用多辊轧机。多辊轧机的种类很多，如六辊轧机、偏八辊轧机，十二辊轧机，二十辊轧机等(见轧机)。随着对板形要求的提高，发展了许多改进板形的技术，如弯辊技术、窜辊技术和交叉轧辊技术等。冷轧带钢轧机按机架排列可分为单机可逆或不可逆式与多机连续式两类。前者适用于多品种、少批量或合金钢产品比例大的情况。它投资低、建厂快，但产量低，金属消耗较大。多机架连续轧制适合于产品品种较单一或者变动不大的情况，它有生产效率高、产量大的优点，但投资较大。与热轧带钢(见热连轧宽带钢生产工艺、热轧窄带钢生产)相比，冷轧带钢(见冷板扎带生产)的轧制工艺有以下特点：(1)采用工艺润滑和冷却，以降低轧制时的变形抗力和冷却轧辊；(2)采用大张力轧制，以降低变形抗力和保持轧制过程的稳定。采用的平均单位张力值为材料屈服强度的10%～60%，一般不超过50%；(3)采用多轧程轧制。由于冷轧使材料产生加工硬化，当总变形量达到60%～80%时，继续变形就变得很困难。为此要进行中间退火，使材料软化后轧制得以继续进行。为了得到要求的薄带钢，这样的中间退火可能要进行多次。两次中间退火之间的轧制称为一个轧程。冷轧带钢的退火在有保护气体的连续式退火炉或罩式退火炉中进行(见冷轧板带退火)。冷轧带钢的最小厚度目前可达到0.05mm，冷轧箔材可达到0.001mm。

热轧钢材是经过高温加热轧制而成的钢材，它的强度不是很高，但足以满足我们的使用，它的塑性、可焊性较好，因此我们比较常用；冷轧钢是普通热轧钢经过强力拉拔超过应变硬化阶段的钢材，它的强度很高，但韧性、可焊性差，比较硬、脆！    热轧低碳钢 Q/BQB 302 SPHCSPHDSPHE JIS G3131 SPHCSPHDSPHE 适用于制造冷成型加工的零件。  StW22StW23StW24 DIN 1614(EN10111) StW22 (DD11)STW23 (DD12)StW24 (DD13)  一般结构用钢 Q/BQB 303 SS 330SS 400SS 490SS 540 JIS G3101 SS 330SS 400SS 490SS 540 用于建筑、桥梁、船舶、车辆等一般结构件。  St 33St 37-2St 37-3St 44-2St 50-2St 52-3 DIN 17100(EN10025) St 33 (S185)St 37-2 (S235JR)St 37-3 (S235JO)St 44-2 (S275JR)St 50-2 (E295)St 52-3 (S355JO)  焊接结构用钢 Q/BQB 303 SM 400ASM400BSM 400CSM 490ASM490BSM 490CSM490YASM490YBSM520BSM 520C JIS G3106 SM 400ASM400BSM 400CSM 490ASM490BSM 490CSM490YASM490YBSM520BSM 520C 用于建筑、桥梁、船舶、车辆、石油罐、工程机械等要求焊接性能优良的结构件。  B520JJ --- --- 混凝土搅拌车筒体用热连轧钢板。  Welten590RE NSC Welten590RE 可焊高强度钢板，用于压力容器、油罐、工程机械、采矿机械、压力水管等。  B590GJAB590GJB --- ---  机械结构用钢 Q/BQB 303 C 22C35S 20CS 35C DIN 17200JIS G4501 C 22C35S 20CS 35C 用于经切削等加工并热处理后使用的机械结构件。  细晶粒结构钢 --- StE255StE355 DIN 17102 StE255StE355 适用于焊接的细晶粒结构钢。  钢管用钢带钢 Q/BQB 303 SPHT1SPHT2SPHT3 JIS G3132 SPHT1SPHT2SPHT3 用于焊接钢管。  汽车结构用钢 Q/BQB 310BZJ 311BZJ 312BZJ 313BZJ 314 SAPH 310SAPH 370SAPH 400SAPH 440 JIS G3113 SAPH 310SAPH 370SAPH 400SAPH 440 用于要求成形性加工性能的汽车构架、车轮等汽车结构件。  QStE 340TMQStE 380TMQStE 420TMQStE 460TMQStE 500TM SEW 092(EN10149-2) QStE 340TM (---)QStE 380TM (---)QStE 420TM (S420MC)QStE 460TM (S460MC)QStE 500TM (S500MC) 冷变形用热轧粒钢，用于要求良好冷成型性能并有较高或高强度要求的汽车大梁等结构件。  B330CLB380CLB420CL --- --- 有良好冷成型性能，用于汽车滚型车轮轮网及轮幅。  B440QZRB480QZR --- --- 制造汽车传动轴管用。  B 320L B 550LB 510L B 420LB 510DL --- --- 汽车大梁、横梁用。  锅炉及压力容器用钢 Q/BQB 320 HII19Mn6 DIN 17155 (EN10028-2) HII (P265GH)19Mn6 (P355GH) 除保证常温性能外，还保证较高温度下的力学性能，适用于蒸汽锅炉设备，较高工作温度的压力容器及类似结构件。  Q/BQB 320 SB410 JIS G3103 SB410  Q/BQB 321 B440HPB490HP JIS G3116 SG295SG325 焊接气瓶用钢板。  船体结构用钢 Q/BQB 330 ABD LR,BVGL,DNV 及ABS 船规 ABD 可按各国船级社规范供货。  耐大气腐蚀钢 Q/BQB 340 WTSt37-2WTSt52-3 SEW087 (EN10155) WTSt37-2 (S235J2W)WTSt52-3 (S355J 2G 1W) 用于制造集装箱、铁道车辆、石油井架、工程机械等要求耐大气腐蚀的结构件截流和燃料。  NAW 400NAW 490 NSC NAW 400NAW 490  B460NQRB490NQR --- ---  耐硫酸腐蚀钢 S-ten2 NSC S-ten2 用于制造含介质的容器等。  耐海水腐蚀钢 Mariloy G 41AMariloy S 50A Mariloy G 41AMariloy S 50A 用于采油平台、船舶、海港建筑等结构构件。  高耐候性结构钢 BZJ342 B480GNQR --- --- 用于制造车辆、集装、建筑及其它结构件。  厚度方向性能热连轧钢板 Q/BQB 350 Z15Z25Z35 --- --- 钢板厚度方向性能有良好的抗层状撕裂性能，用于海上采油平台及其它要求厚度性能的结构件。  表面硬化钢 Q/BQB 360 C 10C15 DIN 17210 C 10C15 高纯净低碳钢，供进行表面渗碳或渗氮后进行淬火硬化制造表层高硬度、耐磨、芯部具高韧性的结构件。  S09CKS15CK JIS G4051 S09CKS15CK  高韧性管线钢 BZJ 371 X60RLX70RL API 5L X60X70 供螺旋焊生产石油输送管用高韧性管线钢热轧宽带钢  直缝焊接套管用钢 BZJ 372 J55 API 5CT J55 供制造直缝焊石油套管用  花纹钢板 BZJ 390 BCP 270BCP 340BCP 400 --- --- 扁豆型花纹钢板  自行车用热连轧宽带钢 BZJ 304 SPHT1Z,SPHT2ZSPHT3Z,SPHDZSM50BZ,SM53BZ --- --- 用于制造自行车上、下、后接头，前叉肩、前花盘、链条滚车把横管，中轴等零件  管线用热连轧卷 GB 14164 S205,S240S315S290,S360,S385S415,S450,S480 API 5L Grade A,BX42,X46,X52X56,X60,X65X70 石油、天然气输送管用  1 、热连轧钢板产品简介：     热连轧钢板、带产品，是以板坯（主要为连铸坯）为原料，经加热后由粗轧机组及精轧机组制成带钢。从精轧最后一架轧机出来的热钢带通过层流冷却至设定温度，由卷取机卷成钢带卷，冷却后的钢带卷，根据用户的不同需求，经过不同的精整作业线（平整、矫直、横切或纵切、检验、称重、包装及标志等）加工而成为钢板、平整卷及纵切钢带产品。由于热连轧钢板产品具有强度高，韧性好，易于加工成型及良好的可焊接性等优良性能，因而北广泛应用于船舶、汽车、桥梁、建筑、机械、压力容器等制造行业。随着热轧尺寸精度、板形、表面质量等控制新技术的日益成熟以及新产品的不断问世，热连轧钢板、带产品得到了越来越广泛的应用并在市场上具有越来越强的竞争力。一般说明热连轧钢板产品，钢种规格品种繁多，用途广泛，从一般的工程结构至汽车、桥梁、船舶、锅炉压力容器等制造，都得到大量使用。各种不同用途，对钢板的材质性能、表面质量及尺寸、外形精度等要求也各不相同，因此，必须对热轧钢板产品的品种、材质、特性及其用途有所了解，才能做到经济、合理利用。 2 、力学性能考虑要点 力学性能名词术语（ 1 ）力学性能： 钢板的力学性能式指钢板在受力作用下所显示与弹性或非弹性反应相关或涉及应力——应变关系的性能。抗拉强度、屈服点、伸长率及冲击吸收功是表示热轧钢板力学性能的主要指标。其大小表示钢材抵抗各种作用的能力的大小，是评定钢板材料质量的主要判据，也是钢板制件设计时选材和进行强度计算的主要依据。 （ 2 ）力学性能实验： 测定热轧钢板力学性能的实验主要有拉伸试验及冲击试验等。 （ 3 ）屈服强度： 试样在拉伸过程中，负荷不增加或开始有所降低而试样仍能继续伸长（变形）时的应力。钢材的屈服强度愈低，产生永久变形所需的力愈小，即愈容易成形加工。（ 4 ）抗拉强度： 试样拉伸时，在拉断前所承受的最大应力。当材料所受的外应力大于其抗拉强度时，将会发生破裂，因此，钢板材料的抗拉强度愈大，则表示它愈能承受大的外应力而不断裂。 （ 5 ）伸长率： 试样在拉断后，其标距部分所增加的长度与原标距长度的百分比。伸长率的比数愈大，则表示材料在受力破坏前可以经受永久变形的性能（塑性）愈好；反之则塑性愈差。 （ 6 ）冲击功 （冲击吸收功）：冲击试验时，规定形状和尺寸的试样在冲击力一次作用下折断时所吸收的功，冲击功的大小，表示金属材料对冲击负荷的抵抗能力。冲击功愈高，则材料抗突然脆断的能力愈强。 3 、热连轧钢板产品的选用 1 ）力学性能与可成形性及使用性能的关系    要使钢板获得所需的形状，必须使其永久变形，所采取的工艺可以是局部或整体弯曲、深冲、张拉或这些成型方法的组合。（ 1 ）薄钢板的屈服强度表示出成形后的可成形性和强度，对普通碳素钢板的成形，屈服点值过高，常常有可能发生过大的回弹、成形时容易破断，磨具磨损快以及由于塑性不良而出现缺陷。然而材料的屈服点小于 140Mpa 时，又可能经受不住成形过程中施加的应力，对用于较复杂或复杂成形加工或冲压加工的钢板，通常要求具有比较低的屈服强度值，而且屈服比值愈小，由钢板的成形性能愈好。（ 2 ）中厚板的冷态可成形性与材料的屈服强度和伸长率有直接关系。屈服强度值愈低，产生永久变形所需的应力愈小；伸长率值愈高，高的延展性可以允许承受大的变形量而不致断裂。 （ 3 ）对用于建筑结构、桥梁及机械结构件的钢板，为防止构件断裂，要求钢板材料具有特点的抗拉强度，而为防止构件变形，又要求钢板材料具有一定的屈服强度，因此对这类用途的钢材都要求规定抗拉强度、屈服强度的最小值或范围值。 （ 4 ）对用于承受冲击负荷变形，例如船舶、桥梁、石油、天然气管线用钢板，为防止其使用中发生脆性断裂，又要求其具有一定足够高的冲击韧性 - 冲击功值。 2 ）钢板品种类别的选用 .    热连轧钢板产品包括带（卷）及由其剪切而成的钢板。而钢带（卷）又可分为直发卷及精整卷（分卷，平整分卷及纵切带卷）。    由于直发卷未经重卷，未切除钢带头尾尺寸变化部分并且未经矫直和平整，因此直发卷带有舌头和鱼尾，并且容易发生头尾厚度、宽度不均，边部浪形，折边、塔形以及开卷后出现折皱（腰折）等缺陷，因此对钢板的表面质量，板形要求比较高的用途而言，不宜选用热轧直发卷，而应选用经过精整线重卷、平整的平整卷。 5、“热轧带钢 ” １．产品：普通碳素结构钢钢带 标准：（ GB/T3524-1992 、 GB/T8164-1993 、 QJ/HG02.22-1995 规格：厚度： 2.0 -5.0mm 宽度： 100 -230mm 钢种： HG5 、 Q215 、 Q235 ２．产品：优质碳素结构钢钢带 标准：（ GB8749-1998 、 GB/T8164-1993 size="3"> ） 规格：厚度： 2.5 -4.5mm 宽度： 钢种： 10# 、 20# 、 45# 、 50# 、 40Mn 、 45Mn 、 65Mn ３．产品：自行车链条用钢带 标准： QJ/HG02.15-1991 规格：厚度： 2.75 -4.5mm 宽度： 125 -205mm 钢种： ZL20MnSi 用途：焊接管用、工业链条用、自行车变速链条用、建筑机械、工具用、弹簧用（卷帘门弹簧、卡簧等） “ 冷轧带钢 ” １．产品：碳素结构钢冷轧钢带 标准：（ GB716-1991 、 QJ/HG02.22-1995 ） 规格：厚度： 0.5 -2.0mm 宽度：≤ 205mm 钢种： HG5 、 Q215 、 Q235 ２．产品：优质碳素结构钢冷轧钢带 标准： GB3522-1983 规格：厚度： 0.5 -2.0mm 宽度：≤ 205mm 钢种： 10# 、 20# 、 40Mn 、 45# 、 50# ３．产品：自行车链条用冷轧钢带 标准：（ QJ/HG02.15-1991 、 GB3522-1983 ） 规格：厚度： 0.5 -2.0mm 宽度： 125 -205mm 钢种： ZL20MnSi 用途：工业链条用、自行车变速链条用、刀具用、家具用 “ 小型材 ” １．产品：圆钢（小轧股份公司生产） 标准：（ GB699-1988 、 GB700-1988 、 GB3077-1988 、 GB702-1986 、 QJ/HG02.17-1991 ） 规格： 10 -42mm （ 10 、 12 、 14 、 16 、 18 、 20 、 22 、 25 、 28 、 30 、 32 、 34 、 35 、 36 、 38 、 40 、 42mm ） 钢种： Q215 、 Q235 、 45# 、 50# 、 HG3 、 20CrMnTi 、 20Cr 、 20CrMo 、 35CrMo 、 42CrMo 、 60Si2Mn 、 40Cr 用途：机械零件、轴、五金工具、齿轮用钢、标准件用钢等；螺铆、螺栓、轴、销、自行车、摩托车等配 件 ２．产品：螺纹钢筋 标准 :(GB1499-1991 、 BS4449:1988 ） 规格： 10 、 12 、 14 、 16 、 18 、 20 、 22 、 25 、 28 、 32 、 36 、 40mm 钢种： 20MnSi 、 20MnV 、 25MnSi 、 BS20MnSi 。 用途：建筑用材、包括可供高层建筑用材。（钢筋混凝土结构用）

aluminium coated sheet  　　一种将纯铝或含硅5％～10％的铝合金镀在碳钢板上制成的表面处理钢板。 　　镀铝钢板生产方法有热镀法、电泳法和真空蒸镀法。热镀法应用最广，因其比较经济。电泳法是将铝粉用电泳的方法均匀地镀覆在钢板表面，经小变形量的轧制使其相互紧密结合，再经500～700℃烧结处理。真空蒸镀法是在低温、真空度为0.0133Pa下进行的，其铝膜纯度高、致密，无针孔，因此耐蚀性能好。 　　镀铝钢板具有良好的抗高温氧化性，可在450℃下长期使用而不变色，最高使用温度可达750℃。还具有优异的耐大气腐蚀性，特别是能耐含SO2，H2S，CO2等工业大气的腐蚀，是镀锌钢板耐蚀性的3～6倍。多用于汽车排气系统、耐热器具、建筑材料等。 镀铝钢板的性质  镀铝板其价格为不锈钢的三分之一，是降低成本的好材料.  镀铝钢板可广泛用于:  汽车工业：消声器、排气管、油箱、隔热罩、反应器部件和歧管罩等。  建筑、农用矿山机械：柴油机消声器和隔热罩、剪草机和其它园林机械消声器等。  家用产品：烤箱、微波炉、电饭煲、多功能煲、慢炖锅、烤面包机、电热水器、电热水瓶、消毒柜、空调机、热交换器、电暧器、灯饰等。  厨房用具：煎锅、烧水壶、烤盘等。  户外产品：烧烤炉、炭炉、集/排烟口、烟窗。  因为镀铝钢板具有如下特点：  1、镀铝钢板具有极佳的耐高温性（550度）。  2、镀铝钢板可反射80%的入射热量。  3、镀铝钢板的机械强度与其基材的机械强度一致。  4、镀铝钢板对化学腐蚀有极强的耐蚀性。  5、可进行拉伸、冲压、拉管等成形加工。  6、可用标准 MAG 和TIG 焊接加工。  7、可直接接触食物。

厚钢板是指厚度大于3毫米的钢板。厚钢板分为特厚钢板和中厚钢板。特厚钢板是指厚度不小于50毫米的钢板。特厚钢板主要用于造船、锅炉、桥梁和高压容器壳体等。中厚钢板是指厚度大于3毫米、小于5O毫米的钢板。中厚钢板主要用于造船、锅炉、桥梁、装甲和高压容器壳体等。       中厚钢板：厚度大于4mm的钢板属于中厚钢板。其中，厚度4.5-25.0mm的钢板称为中厚板， 厚度25.0-100.0mm的称为厚板，厚度超过100.0mm的为特厚板。     中厚板主要用途有哪些？     答：建筑工程、机械制造、容器制造、造船、桥梁等。     普通中厚板用途：广泛用来制造各种容器、炉壳、炉板、桥梁及汽车静钢钢板、低合金钢钢板、桥梁用钢板、造般钢板、锅炉钢板、压力容器钢板、花纹钢板、汽车大梁钢板、拖拉机某些零件及焊接构件。     桥梁用钢板用于大型铁路桥梁。要求承受动载荷、冲击、震动、耐蚀等。     造船钢板：用于制造海洋及内河船舶船体。要求强度高、塑性、韧性、冷弯性能、焊接性能、耐蚀性能都好。     锅炉钢板：用于制造各种锅炉及重要附件，由于锅炉钢板处于中温（350°C以下）高压状态下工作，除承受较高压力外，还受到冲击，疲劳载荷及水和气腐蚀，要求保证一定强度，还要有良好的焊接及冷弯性能。     压力容器用钢板：主要用于制造石油、化工气体分离和气体储运的压力容器或其它类似设备，一般工作压力在常压到320kg/cm2甚至到630kg/cm2，温度在-20-450°C范围内工作，要求容器钢板除具有一定强度和良好塑性和韧性外，还必须有较好冷弯和焊接性能。     汽车大梁钢，用于制造汽车大梁（纵梁、横梁）用厚度为2.5-12.0mm的低合金热轧钢板。由汽车大梁形状复杂，除要求较高强度和冷弯性能外，要求冲压性能好。1、按品质分类(1) 普通钢（P≤0.045%，S≤0.050%）(2) 优质钢（P、S均≤0.035%）(3) 高级优质钢（P≤0.035%，S≤0.030%）2.、按化学成份分类(1) 碳素钢：a.低碳钢（C≤0.25%）；b.中碳钢（C≤0.25~0.60%）；c.高碳钢（C≤0.60%）。(2) 合金钢：a.低合金钢（合金元素总含量≤5%）；b.中合金钢（合金元素总含量＞5~10%）；c.高合金钢（合金元素总含量＞10%）。3、按成形方法分类：(1) 锻钢；(2) 铸钢；(3) 热轧钢；(4) 冷拉钢。4、按金相组织分类(1) 退火状态的：a.亚共析钢（铁素体+珠光体）；b.共析钢（珠光体）；c.过共析钢（珠光体+渗碳体）；d.莱氏体钢（珠光体+渗碳体）。(2) 正火状态的：a.珠光体钢；b.贝氏体钢；c.马氏体钢；d.奥氏体钢。(3) 无相变或部分发生相变的5、按用途分类(1) 建筑及工程用钢：a.普通碳素结构钢；b.低合金结构钢；c.钢筋钢。(2) 结构钢a.机械制造用钢：(a)调质结构钢；(b)表面硬化结构钢：包括渗碳钢、渗钢、表面淬火用钢；(c)易切结构钢；(d)冷塑性成形用钢：包括冷冲压用钢、冷镦用钢。b.弹簧钢c.轴承钢(3) 工具钢：a.碳素工具钢；b.合金工具钢；c.高速工具钢。(4) 特殊性能钢：a.不锈耐酸钢；b.耐热钢：包括抗氧化钢、热强钢、气阀钢；c.电热合金钢；d.耐磨钢；e.低温用钢；f.电工用钢。(5) 专业用钢——如桥梁用钢、船舶用钢、锅炉用钢、压力容器用钢、农机用钢等。6、综合分类(1)普通钢a.碳素结构钢：(a) Q195；(b) Q215(A、B)；(c) Q235(A、B、C)；(d) Q255(A、B)；(e) Q275。b.低合金结构钢c.特定用途的普通结构钢(2)优质钢（包括高级优质钢）a.结构钢：(a)优质碳素结构钢；(b)合金结构钢；(c)弹簧钢；(d)易切钢；(e)轴承钢；(f)特定用途优质结构钢。b.工具钢：(a)碳素工具钢；(b)合金工具钢；(c)高速工具钢。c.特殊性能钢：(a)不锈耐酸钢；(b)耐热钢；(c)电热合金钢；(d)电工用钢；(e)高锰耐磨钢。7、按冶炼方法分类(1) 按炉种分a.平炉钢：(a)酸性平炉钢；(b)碱性平炉钢。b.转炉钢：(a)酸性转炉钢；(b)碱性转炉钢。或 (a)底吹转炉钢；(b)侧吹转炉钢；(c)顶吹转炉钢。c. 电炉钢：(a)电弧炉钢；(b)电渣炉钢；(c)感应炉钢；(d)真空自耗炉钢；(e)电子束炉钢。(2)按脱氧程度和浇注制度分a.沸腾钢；b.半镇静钢；c.镇静钢；d.特殊镇静钢。

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在20-40吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。　　　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。　　　　简单来说，冷轧，是在热轧板卷的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧---酸洗---冷轧这样的加工过程。　　　　冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由于热轧经过连续冷变型而成的冷轧，在机械性能比较差，硬度太高。必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。　　　　冷轧一般都会经过退火处理。

锅炉钢板主要是指用来制造过热器、主蒸汽管和锅炉火室受热面用的热轧中厚板材料，主要材质有优质结构钢及低合金耐热钢，常用的锅炉钢有平炉冶炼的低碳镇静钢或电炉冶炼的低碳钢，含碳量Wc在0.16%-0.26%范围内。由于锅炉钢板处于中温（350ºC以下）高压状态下工作，除承受较高压力外，还受到冲击，疲劳载荷及水和气的腐蚀，对锅炉钢的性能要求主要是有良好的焊接及冷弯性能、一定的高温强度和耐碱性腐蚀、耐氧化等。  　　锅炉及压力容器用板主要钢号及执行标准  　　（1）锅炉板主要钢号有：20g、16Mng、15CrMoVg、19Mng、22Mng  　　（2）压力容器用板主要钢号有：20R、16MnR、15MnNbR、15MnVNR  　　（3）执行标准：GB713-1997、GB6654-1996  　　锅炉及压力容器用板的主要用途  　　锅炉钢板广泛应用于石油、化工、电站、锅炉等行业，用于制作反应器、换热器、分离器、球罐、油气罐、液化气罐、核能反应堆压力壳、锅炉汽包、液化瓶、水电站高压水管、水轮涡壳等设备及构件 锅炉钢板是锅炉制造中非常关键的材料之一。超临界火电机组锅炉的发展,对锅炉钢板的性能提出了更高的要求。锅炉新材料的应用是由材料标准作为载体而实施的。对比分析我国标准与美国ASME 材料标准之间存在的差距,制定适合我国火电机组发展的先进的锅炉钢板标准,应是发展方向。关键词: 锅炉钢板;性能;标准;ASME; 超临界中图分类号: TG335. 5 　文献标识码:B 　文章编号: 1003 -0514(2005)04 -0037 -05  The comparison and development of the standard of Chinese and American boiler plate  ZHANG Xian( Babcock & Wilcox Beijing Company , Beijing 100001 , China )HUANG Ying( China Metallurgical Information & Standardization Research Institute , Beijing 100730 , China ) Abstract : Boiler plate is the important material of making boiler. The development of boiler of supercritical thermal power generator makes the claim for the capability of boiler plate. The application of the new material takes effect on the basis of material standard as a carrier. Compare and analyse the differences between Chinese and American ASME materials and de2 velop the boiler plate standard fit for our thermal power generator networks.  Key words : boilerplate; capability; standard;ASME; supercritical  0 　前言临界火电技术的最现实的途径,但是只有充分了解掌 近年来火电机组向大型化、高参数化发展的趋势握国际上那些技术成熟的新材料,并将其纳入我国电日益明显,超临界参数的火电机组已经在我国大量设站锅炉用钢标准,建立适合我国火电机组发展的先进计建造。作为火电机组三大主机之一的锅炉,对其所的锅炉用钢体系,促进新型锅炉用钢国产化,才是发使用钢的耐高温高压、耐腐蚀、性能稳定等方面提出展我国超临界火电机组的关键。了更高的要求。新型锅炉用钢的研制、开发与应用, 锅炉钢板是锅炉制造中非常关键的材料之一,主一直是火电机组发展所面临的重大课题,各国均投入要是指用来制造锅炉中的锅壳、锅筒、集箱端盖、支吊了大量的人力、物力从事相关的研究工作。架等重要部件用的热轧专用碳素钢和低合金耐热钢 我国火电机组锅炉用钢的开发,近几十年来几乎中厚钢板材料。锅炉钢板常常处于中、高温和高压状处于完全停滞状态。目前超临界火电机组,甚至包括态下工作,除承受较高温度和压力外,还受到冲击,疲部分亚临界机组锅炉中的许多关键材料完全依赖进劳载荷及水和气的腐蚀,工作条件较差。如果锅炉在口。新材料的开发和应用是锅炉制造取得技术进步使用过程中发生破坏性事故,将会造成严重的损失。的基础,新材料是由材料标准和技术条件作为载体而因此锅炉钢板必须具有良好的物理性能、力学性能和实施的。虽然从国外购买先进材料是现阶段发展超可加工性,并在材料标准的技术条款中给予严格的规 　　收稿日期:2005-06-20 作者简介:张显,高级工程师,1985 年毕业于合肥工业大学材料工程系,现工作于北京巴威公司工程部。 . 1995-2005 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.  定,以满足其使用中的安全。 美国机械工程师协会(ASME) 负责制订、颁布和实施的锅炉压力容器技术规范,它不仅是统一的美国国家标准, 同时也是国际公认的标准法规系统。ASME 规范第II 卷材料篇,主要引用了美国材料试验学会(ASTM) 的相应材料标准和材料试验标准。在ASME 规范中允许使用的材料一般来说必须按照第II 卷的材料标准供货。因此,只有认真研究ASME 材料标准,并与我国锅炉钢板标准进行对比与分析,找出之间的差距,才能建立适合我国超临界火电机组发展的完善的锅炉用钢板标准和标准体系。 1 　常用锅炉钢板及性能要求 从材料上来分,锅炉钢板可分为专用碳素钢板和低合金耐热钢板两类。锅炉钢板所用的材料对化学成分,特别是对磷、硫等有害元素和铬、镍、铜等残余元素有严格的控制;冶炼时还应进行良好的脱氧和去除非金属夹杂物,以保证良好的塑性和韧性;组织结构要求均匀,晶粒度控制在一定范围内(通常希望晶粒度在3～7 级之间);对表面质量和内部缺陷也有严格的要求;此外常温和高温力学性能必须保证。 根据工作条件不同,锅炉钢板又可分为制造室温及中温承压部件钢板和制造高温承压部件钢板两大类。 室温及中温(蠕变温度以下) 用锅炉钢板,大多采用碳素钢,包括碳钢、碳锰钢、碳锰硅钢等,即GB713  -1997 锅炉用钢板中的20g 、22Mng 、16Mng 、19Mng 钢,以及美国ASME SA -515ΠSA -515M 中高温压力容器用碳钢板、SA-299ΠSA -299M 压力容器用碳锰硅钢板等。主要用于制造锅炉的锅筒、中温以下集箱端盖等承压部件。要求其应具有较高的室温强度;良好的冲击韧性和较低的缺口敏感性;由于锅筒等部件在加工时需要大量的冷变形,因此还要具有良好的时效韧性;另外还要具备良好的加工工艺性和焊接性能;以及良好的低倍组织等。 高温(蠕变温度以上) 用锅炉钢板,一般采用低合金耐热钢,常用有铬钼钢、铬钼钒钢、铬钼钨钢等。例如GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板中的15CrMog 、12Cr1MoVg , 以及美国ASME SA -387ΠSA387 -M 压力容器用铬-钼合金钢板中的Gr22 、Gr91 和ASME SA -1017ΠSA1017 -M 压力容器用铬-钼-钨合金钢板中的Gr23 、Gr911 、Gr122 钢等。主要是用以制造高温集箱封头端盖、蒸汽管道堵板等高温承压部件。要求 其必须具有足够的高温持久强度和持久塑性;良好的高温组织稳定性;良好的高温抗氧化性(耐热性);以及良好的冷热加工工艺性(主要指冷弯变形和可焊接性) 等。 2 　锅炉钢板标准对比分析 对锅炉制造行业来说,ASME 无疑是世界上最权威、最先进、最完善的建造规范。我国的锅炉行业在引进超临界火电机组锅炉的制造技术时,几乎无一例外的采用了美国机械工程师协会(ASME) 制订、颁布和实施的锅炉压力容器技术规范。 现阶段我国的锅炉钢板标准体系分为通用标准和产品标准两层,通用标准包括GBΠT247 钢板和钢带检验、包装、标志及质量证明书的一般规定和GBΠ T14977 热轧钢板表面质量的一般要求两个标准,产品标准仅GB713 锅炉用钢板1 个标准。另外我国还有一个压力容器钢板标准GB6654 压力容器用钢板, 但因为其与大型火电机组锅炉用钢板的要求相距甚远,因此不适合高压以上大型火电机组锅炉上使用。 美国ASME 规范第II 卷材料A 篇(铁基材料) 中, 有关锅炉和压力容器用钢板标准共约44 个,虽然在标准名称上都称作“压力容器用钢板”,但在每一个标准中的第一部分“适用范围”中,对本标准适用于锅炉还是压力容器,都做了明确的规定。所以适用于锅炉用钢板的标准大约有9 个,按体系也可以分为两层, 即通用标准1 个SA-20ΠSA-20M 压力容器用钢板通用要求和产品标准8 个SA-202ΠSA -202M 压力容器用铬锰硅合金钢板、SA-204ΠSA -204M 压力容器用钼合金钢板、SA-299ΠSA -299M 压力容器用碳锰硅钢板、SA-302ΠSA -302M 压力容器用锰钼和锰钼镍合金钢板、SA-387ΠSA -387M 压力容器用铬钼合金钢板、SA-515ΠSA -515M 中高温压力容器用碳钢板、SA-516ΠSA -516M 常低温压力容器用碳钢板、SA -1017ΠSA -1017M 压力容器用铬钼钨合金钢板。另外所有ASME 材料的物理性能、使用温度和许用应力等数据,都集中放在ASME 规范第II 卷D 篇材料性能当中,使用和查找十分便利。 通过对比ASME 锅炉钢板标准及体系可以看出, 我国锅炉钢板产品标准GB713 锅炉用钢板中,将不同品种和不同使用要求的锅炉钢板,以及锅炉钢板的一般性能和高温特殊性能等都放在一起表述,篇幅烦琐,对锅炉钢板的性能要求体现不够。ASME 锅炉钢板标准的制订是按材料加以区分的,每一类材料制订 　第4 期　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　中美锅炉钢板标准的对比及发展 一个标准。标准内容除了规定了这一类材料的基本性能外,对具体用途和注意事项,以及协议条款等,在标准中都有非常详细的规定,充分体现了对锅炉钢板的性能要求,技术性突出,贸易性明显。标准体系和内容非常清晰,让人一目了然。用户在选择和使用上也很方便。 因此,现阶段我国的锅炉钢板标准及体系应加大力度重新予以制修订,以适应先进的超临界锅炉技术的发展对锅炉钢板的要求。 3 　锅炉钢板标准发展探讨 上世纪80～90 年代,我国电力制造行业成功地引进了亚临界参数锅炉技术。为适应亚临界压力以下锅炉对锅炉钢板的要求,由鞍山钢铁集团公司、冶金工业信息标准研究院等单位,对GB713 -86 锅炉用碳素钢和低合金钢钢板进行了重新修订。新修订并一直沿用至今的锅炉钢板标准为GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板。在这个版本中,除了20g 和16Mng , 新增加了用于制造锅筒的19Mng (等同于德国标准19Mn6) 、22Mng (等同于美国标准SA299) 、13MnNiCrMoNbg (等同于德国标准BHW355) 等三个牌号,以及用于高温集箱端盖及支吊架等部件的15CrMog 、12Cr1MoVg 两个耐热钢牌号,其他内容也做了一定的修改。新修订的GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板,不仅基本上满足了亚临界压力以下锅炉锅筒、集箱端盖及其支吊件的要求, 为我国电力事业的发展做出了突出贡献,而且还带动了我国钢铁行业的技术进步和产品质量的提高。 进入本世纪以来,随着世界上超临界参数火电机组的发展,我国也开始引进并大量设计制造超临界参数火电机组。超临界火电机组锅炉大多采用直流循环,螺旋炉膛,用汽水分离器替代了锅筒汽包,锅炉中集箱的温度和压力更高,更多的使用一些新型的、性能优异的耐热合金钢。由于对锅炉钢板的性能提出了新的要求,因此一直沿用的GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板标准,其中的一些内容和技术指标,无论是与国外先进水平标准相比,还是与锅炉行业发展的相关要求相比,均存在着一定的差距,主要体现在下述几个方面:  3. 1 　标准水平 锅炉钢板产品标准GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板,采用国际先进标准力度远远不够,标准水平只达到了国际一般水平。由于锅炉钢板标准属于重要用途的产品标准,安全可靠性要求严格,制造技术难度高,而且产量比较大。随着我国钢铁行业的生产技术和产品质量的不断提高,锅炉钢板标准应继续采用国际先进标准,加强采标力度,不断提高标准水平。 由于我国锅炉钢板产品标准只有一个,因此可以按照ASME 规范第II 卷D 篇材料性能的模式,制订一份有关我国锅炉钢板材料力学性能和物理性能的通用标准,也可以将这些材料性能完全放在产品标准GB713 中,包括锅炉设计选材时必须用到的高温规定非比例延伸强度(Rp0. 2) 、高温持久强度等力学性能, 以及常用的热膨胀系数、弹性模量等物理性能。另外如有可能,还可参照ASME 的方法,按不同材料、用途和性能,将锅炉用钢板标准细分成若干个标准(如专用碳素钢板、低合金耐热钢板等),以适应用户的需要和应用。 3. 2 　外形尺寸 由于我国钢铁行业技术和装备水平的制约,锅炉用的宽厚钢板还几乎无法生产。GB713 仅适用于厚度6～150mm 的范围,而亚临界锅炉锅筒用的钢板厚度一般都在160～210mm 之间,只能依靠进口解决。我们只有提高那些重要用途、技术含量高的产品标准的水平,才有利于带动整个钢铁工业技术进步和产品质量提高,才能最终实现国产化,摆脱进口的束缚。 近年来,钢铁行业在国家良好的经济发展形式下,正大幅度的提高整体技术和装备水平。“十五”规划建设的宝钢5 000mm 宽厚板轧机工程项目,建成投产后其生产的锅炉钢板厚度可达到5～400mm 。作为我国第一套现代化的特宽幅宽厚板轧机,它的建设将带动我国宽厚板生产技术的跳跃式发展,对提升我国宽厚板产品档次,增强我国的综合国力,将发挥积极作用。我们应抓住国内钢铁技术和锅炉制造技术取得突破性进步这个机会,将新技术和新要求纳入锅炉钢板标准,并向国际先进水平标准靠拢,提高我国锅炉钢板标准的技术水平。 3. 3 　材料牌号 材料标准和技术条件是材料应用的载体。随着火电机组参数的提高,锅炉制造水平不断进步,ASME 会随着每三年一次修订和每年的增补, 根据建造ASME 规范产品的需要和冶金技术的发展,适当地在原有钢种基础上新纳入和增加代表当今世界最新材料技术水平的新型材料。例如,为适应超临界锅炉集箱封头端盖和支吊架等部件对耐热钢板的要求,最新的2004 版ASME 规范第II 卷材料A 篇中,新制订了SA -1017ΠSA -1017M 压力容器用铬-钼-钨合金钢板标准。我国锅炉用钢板标准在新型材料的纳标上炉钢板材料几乎没有纳入。显得滞后,往往跟不上锅炉制造技术的发展,现行的GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板与ASME 锅炉钢板标GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板已经使用了8 年之久,材料准中材料牌号之间的对比,见表1 所示。品种偏少,供用户选择的余地小,特别是高温用的锅 表1 　GB713 与ASME 锅炉钢板材料牌号对比 品种 材料 GB713   标准 材料 ASME   标准  碳锰钢 -16Mng   GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板 SA516 -55 SA516 -60   SA -516ΠSA -516M 常低温压力容器用碳钢板  - SA516 -65   19Mng   SA516 -70   20g - SA515 -60 SA515 -65   SA -515ΠSA -515M 中高温压力容器用碳钢板  22Mng   SA515 -70   锰铬锰钼钢 22Mng ---13MnNiMoNbg   SA -299 SA -202 GrA 、GrB SA -204 GrA 、GrB 、GrC SA -302 GrA 、GrB 、GrC 、GrD   SA -299ΠSA -299M 压力容器用碳锰硅钢板SA -202ΠSA -202M 压力容器用铬锰硅合金钢板SA -204ΠSA -204M 压力容器用钼合金钢板SA -302ΠSA -302M 压力容器用锰钼和锰钼镍合金钢板等同于德国标准BHW355 　　　　　　　　　  铬钼钢 -15CrMog   SA -387Gr2 SA -387Gr12   SA -387ΠSA -387M 压力容器用铬钼合金钢板  SA -387Gr11   - SA -387Gr22 、22L   - SA -387Gr21 、21L   - SA -387Gr5   - SA -387Gr9   - SA -387Gr91   - SA -387Gr911   12Cr1MoVg   -  -- SA -1017Gr23 SA -1017Gr911   SA -1017ΠSA -1017M 压力容器用铬钼钨合金钢板  - SA -1017Gr122   通过表1 对比可以看出,用于室温及中温(蠕变温度以下) 的碳锰系列锅炉钢板, GB713 共收纳了5 个牌号,可以满足亚临界以下火电机组锅炉中汽包锅筒、水冷壁集箱端盖、以及低温过热器和省煤器集箱端盖、支吊架等零部件的需要。对于ASME 中的锰铬、锰钼等系列标准中的钢板牌号,我国火电机组锅炉基本不使用,因此不需要纳入我国锅炉钢板标准。用于高温( 蠕变温度以上) 的铬钼系列锅炉钢板, GB713 -1997 中牌号只有2 个。其中15CrMog 最高使用温度为550 ℃,12Cr1MoVg 最高使用温度为565 ℃。而超临界火电机组锅炉中的高温过热器和再热器集箱等部件的金属壁温已经达到600 ℃以上,15CrMog 和12Cr1MoVg 已经达不到要求,因此应将ASME 标准中那些可以使用在600 ℃及以上的材料SA -387Gr22Π 22L 、SA -387Gr91 、SA -387Gr911 、SA -1017Gr122 等, 纳入我国的锅炉用钢板标准,以适应超临界火电机组锅炉技术的发展,提升我国冶金和机电产品的整体水平。 3. 4 　技术要求GB713 -1997 规定的技术要求,与ASME 锅炉钢板标准中规定的技术要求对比,见表2 。 从表2 中可以看出,ASME 锅炉钢板标准中的技术要求,除了化学成分和基本的力学性能必须保证外,其余大多是供不同的用户在不同的使用中,对钢板的技术要求做出不同选择的协议项目。ASME 充分体现了以市场为导向,以用户需求为目标的世界先 　第4 期　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　中美锅炉钢板标准的对比及发展 进标准的指导思想。而我国的锅炉用钢板标准显得微量元素、冶炼、锻造、热处理、金相组织等各种因素计划经济体制痕迹较重,起草和制修订标准时,对标的变化而变化的,它是一个帮助分析、判断材料的工准所使用的行业特点没有清楚的反映出来,对用户真艺和质量水平的有效方法。另外,当锅炉运行一段时正需要的技术要求和保证条款调查和重视不够,没有间后,通过材料的冷脆转变温度的变化情况,还可以达到生产型标准向贸易型标准转变的功效。帮助预测锅炉的运行寿命。因此在GB713 当中,应 根据表2 的对比分析发现,ASME 钢板标准都将将落锤试验或系列冲击试验,以及铬钼钢的硬度试验落锤试验作为钢板技术要求中的协议项目,这是因为等作为协议条款给出,方便用户在不同的使用条件下锅炉钢板冷脆转变温度的高低是随材料的化学成分、进行选择。 表2 　GB713 与ASME 锅炉钢板技术要求对比 技术指标 GB713   SA202   SA204   SA299   SA302   SA387   SA515   SA516   SA1017   化学成分 √   √   √   √   √   √   √   √   √   交货状态 Δ   Δ   √〔注2〕 √〔注3〕 √〔注3〕 √   √〔注3〕 √〔注2〕 √   常温拉伸 √   √   √   √   √   √   √   √   √   常温冲击 √   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   时效冲击 √〔注1〕 Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   冷弯试验 √   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   表面质量 √   √   √   √   √   √   √   √   √   无损探伤 Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   厚度方向拉伸 Δ   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   高温拉伸 Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   落锤试验 N   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   磁粉检验 N   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   奥氏体晶粒度 N   N   N   N   N   √〔注4〕 Δ   N   N   硬度 N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   √   〔注1〕:仅对20g 和16Mng 有要求。〔注2〕:厚度大于40mm 的钢板必须正火处理。〔注3〕:厚度大于50mm 的钢板必须正火处理。 〔注4〕:仅对Gr2 钢板有要求。√:规定或必检项目;Δ:协议项目;N: 没有规定 4 　结束语 材料是火电机组锅炉建造的基础和技术核心之一。美国ASME 规范把材料及其标准列为第二卷,作为整个规范的一个重要组成部分。ASME 钢材标准不仅是钢材生产部门的质量标准,而且是钢材使用单位(设计、制造、检验) 在选用、采购、验收、检验、加工时的依据。ASME 钢材标准是在市场经济模式下,由供需双方共同编制,且以反映钢材使用者的要求为主的标准。ASME 锅炉钢板标准看似十分繁多,但仔细分析却又体系明确、联系紧密、互相呼应、配套性强, 是锅炉建造中不可缺少的一部分。 相对比较而言,我国锅炉钢板仅有GB713 一个标准,其中的材料品种、牌号、等级等,都远远少于ASME 规范,使用上受到很大局限性。另外,我国过去是在计划经济体制下,主要以供方为主编制钢材质量标准,没有更全面地反映钢材使用者的要求和反映锅炉建造的要求,因此锅炉钢板标准在许多方面还不能满足用户需求。 中国锅炉制造行业和冶金行业需要共同努力,深入分析、理解ASME 规范等世界先进标准,找出我国锅炉钢板标准的不足,明确发展方向。今后应继续加大采用国际标准和国外先进标准的力度,积极促进ASME 规范中国化和ASME 钢材国产化,制修订出适合我国火电机组锅炉技术发展的先进的锅炉钢板标准,提升我国锅炉制造行业和冶金行业的整体水平, 更好的为经济建设服务。

冷轧镀锌板，是一种镀锌钢板。钢板按轧制分为热轧和冷轧两种。冷轧板是平板状的，矩形的，可直接轧制而成的。冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧和热轧的区别： 1、冷轧成型钢允许截面出现局部屈曲，从而可以充分利用杆件屈曲后的承载力；而热轧型钢不允许截面发生局部屈曲。2、热轧型钢和冷轧型钢残余应力产生的原因不同，所以截面上的分布也有很大差异。冷弯薄壁型钢截面上的残余应力分布是弯曲型的，而热扎型钢或焊接型钢截面上残余应力分布是薄膜型。3、热轧型钢的自由扭转刚度比冷轧型钢高，所以热轧型钢的抗扭性能要优于冷轧型钢。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。冷轧镀锌板用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及 产业 设备、各种建筑材料。

船用钢板指按船级社建造规范要求生产的用于制造船体结构的热轧钢板材。  　　由于船舶工作环境恶劣，船体壳要受海水的化学腐蚀、电化学腐蚀和海生物、微生物的腐蚀；船体承受较大的风浪冲击和交变负荷；船舶形状使其加工方法复杂等因素、所以对船体结构用钢要求严格。首先良好的韧性是最关键的要求，此外，要求有较高的强度，良好的耐腐蚀性能、焊接性能，加工成型性能以及表面质量。为保质量和保证有足够的韧性，要求化学成分的Mn/C在2.5以上，对碳当量也有严格要求，并由船检部门认可的钢厂生产。船体用结构钢按照其最小屈服点划分强度级别为：一般强度结构钢和高强度结构钢。船体用结构钢分一般厚度和高强度钢两种，一般强度钢按质量分A、B、C和D四个等级；高强度钢又分两个强度级别和三个质量等级；AH32、DH32、EH32、AH36、DH36、EH36。  　　中国船级社规范标准的一般强度结构钢分为：A、B、D、E四个质量等级（即CCSA、CCSB、CCSC、CCSD）；中国船级社规范标准的高强度结构钢为三个强度级别、四个质量等级。  　　主要船级社规范有： 船用钢板　　中国 CCS  　　美国 ABS  　　德国 GL  　　法国 BV  　　挪威 DNV  　　日本 KDK  　　英国 LR  　　船体用结构钢的化学成分  　　钢  　　类 等级 化学成份（质量分数）（%）  　　C Mn si P S Al Nb V  　　一般  　　强度  　　钢 A ≤O.22 ≥2.5C O.10～0.35 ≤O.04 ≤0.04  　　B ≤O.21 O.60～1.00  　　D ≤O.21 0.60～1.00 ≥O.015  　　E ≤O.18 O.70～1.20 ≥0.015  　　高  　　强  　　度  　　钢 AH32 ≤O.18 O.70～1.60 0.10～O.50 ≤O.04 ≤0.04 ≥O.015  　　DH32 O.90～1.60  　　EH32 O.90～1.60  　　AH36 0.70～1.60 O.015～O.050 O.03O～O.10  　　DHB6 0.90～1.60  　　EH36 O.90～1.60  　　船体用结构钢的交货状态  　　钢材等级 厚度／mm 交货状态  　　A 6---40  　　热轧、控轧或正火  　　B 热轧、控轧或正火  　　D 6---32 热轧、控轧或正火  　　正火①②  　　E 6---32 钢板：正火；型钢；正火或控轧  　　AH32  　　AH36 6---32  　　>25--32 热轧、正火或控轧  　　正火①②  　　DH32  　　DH36 6---25  　　>20---32 正火或控轧②  　　正火①②  　　EH32  　　EH36 6---40 正火②  　　船体用结构钢的力学性能  　　钢材  　　等级  　　厚度  　　／mm  　　屈服点 ós  　　／MPa 抗拉  　　强度  　　ób／MPa 伸长率δ5  　　(％) v型冲击试验 冷弯试验  　　温度  　　／℃ 平均冲击吸收功  　　AKv／J 窄冷弯  　　b=2a  　　180℃ 宽冷弯  　　b=5a  　　120°  　　纵向 横向  　　≥ ≥ ≥  　　A ≤50 235 400～490 22 d=2a  　　B 0 27 20  　　d=3a  　　D —10 27 20  　　E 一40 27 20  　　AH32 ≤50 315 440～590 22 O 3l 22  　　d=3a  　　DH32 —20 31 22  　　EH32 —40 31 22  　　AH36 ≤50 355 490～620 21 O 34 24  　　d=3a  　　DH36 —20 34 24  　　EH36 —40 34 24  一般强度船体结构用钢分为A、B、C、D4个等级，这4个等级的钢材的屈服强度（不小于235N/mm^2）和抗拉强度（400～520N/mm^2）一样，只是不同温度下的冲击功不一样而已； 高强度船体结构用钢按其最小屈服强度划分强度等级，每一强度等级又按其冲击韧性的不同分为A、D、E、F4级。 A32、D32、E32、F32的屈服强度不小于315N/mm^2，抗拉强度440～570N/mm^2，A、D、E、F分别表示其各自可分别在0°、-20°、-40°、-60°的情况下所能达到的冲击韧性； A36、D36、E36、F36的屈服强度不小于355N/mm^2，抗拉强度490～620N/mm^2，A、D、E、F分别表示其各自可分别在0°、-20°、-40°、-60°的情况下所能达到的冲击韧性； A40、D40、E40、F40的屈服强度不小于390N/mm^2，抗拉强度510～660N/mm^2，A、D、E、F分别表示其各自可分别在0°、-20°、-40°、-60°的情况下所能达到的冲击韧性。 还有， 焊接结构用高强度淬火回火钢：A420、D420、E420、F420；A460、D460、E460、F460；A500、D500、E500、F500；A550、D550、E550、F550；A620、D620、E620、F620；A690、D690、E690、F690； 锅炉与受压容器用钢：360A、360B；410A、410B；460A、460B；490A、490B；1Cr0.5Mo、2.25Cr1Mo 机械结构用钢：一般可选用上述钢材； 低温韧性钢：0.5NiA、0.5NiB、1.5Ni、3.5Ni、5Ni、9Ni； 奥氏体不锈钢：00Cr18Ni10、00Cr18Ni10N、00Cr17Ni14Mo2、00Cr17Ni13Mo2N、00Cr19Ni13Mo3、00Cr19Ni13Mo3N、0Cr18Ni11Nb； 双相不锈钢：00Cr22Ni5Mo3N、00Cr25Ni6Mo3Cu、00Cr25Ni7Mo4N3。 复合钢板：适用于化学制品运输船的容器和液货舱； Z向钢：是在某一等级结构钢（称为母级钢）的基础上，经过特殊处理（如钙处理、真空脱气、氩气搅拌等）和适当热处理的钢材。 a

本标准与引用标准及国标相近牌号对照表 表A.1Q/BQB 302-2003DIN1614－2 －86EN111－77EN10111 －1998JIS G 3131 －1996GB 710－91 /GB 711－88DD11（StW22） SPHCStW22FeP11DD11SPHC08DD12（StW23） SPHDRRStW23FeP12DD12SPHD08或08AlDD13（StW24） SPHEStW24FeP13DD13SPHE08Al附加说明: 本标准与DIN1614－2:1986、EN10111:1998和JIS G3131:1996的一致性程度为非等效。 本标准代替Q/BQB 302－1999。 本标准与Q/BQB 302－1999相比主要变化如下： —— 规范性引用文件中引用了Q/BQB300-2003、Q/BQB301-2003、GB/T 8170－1987； —— 按EN10111将牌号修改为DD11、DD12和DD13，并删除了牌号UStW23； —— SPHC、SPHD的公称厚度扩大为≤16mm，并增加相应的厚度允许偏差； —— 增加了表面处理方式和表面质量级别； —— 按EN10111修改了牌号DD系列的Mn含量规定，并将屈服强度参考值改为规定值； —— 增加了弯曲试验仲裁时的试样宽度； —— 对于热轧酸洗表面钢板及钢带，厚度扩大为≤6mm； —— 将钢带允许带有的缺陷部分不得超过每卷总长度“8％”修改为“6％”； —— 修改了力学性能和工艺性能的组批规定和复验规定。

热轧钢管采用的是德国技术的制造设备及先进的涡流探伤设备；美国进口的清除内毛刺和冷缩径工艺设备，确保内壁光洁平滑无损伤及焊缝再处理；国内最先进的自动化天然气高温退火炉，退火温度达1000℃，彻底消除钢管制造过程中产生的内应力；国内最先进的排辊式制管及缩径设备；水压试验工序改为100％静水压常规工序，压力不低于60公斤，确保产品质量过关。设备完善的化学实验室、物理实验室、万能材料试验机、洛氏硬度仪等高端检验检测设备，为产品质量提高可靠保障。 热轧钢管适用范围： 本产品广泛应用于中低压流体输送管道，煤气管道、天然气管道、供水管道、污水处理管道、空调管道、消防管道、建筑工程、化工工程、石油管道工程、供热取暖工程及设备工程等是近两年开发的国家“九五”重点高新技术推广项目和国家“火炬”计划项目，适用于石油天然气工业。给排水工程、化学工业、电力工业农业灌溉、城市建设，也可用于气体输送管道用，并可做结构管使用，打桩、桥梁、码头、道路等通用。 热轧钢管的材质： 本产品材质为10#，20#，35#，45#，X42, X60, X80, Q235，Q295，Q345，也可根据客户需求自选材质。 热轧钢管的标准： 本产品依据API SPEC 5L石油天然气标准、API SPEC 5CT石油套管规范,GB/T8163-1999输送流体用钢管GB/T8162-1999结构用钢管标准。 定尺长度： 定尺长度为8000～12000mm±500mm，也可根据客户需求长度生产。 热轧钢管可供应的规格型号：除下列规格型号外，也可根据客户需求生产非型号钢管。 经过几年来厂家和客户的使用验证了我公司产品质量有可靠保障，是无缝钢管的替代产品，产品畅销全国20多个省、市、自治区，因质优价廉受到广大客户的青睐。

steel sheets and plates for shipbuilding造船钢板 　　造船钢板是指用造船专用结构钢生产的，用于制造远洋、沿海和内河航行的船舶的船体结构的薄钢板和厚钢板。 　　造船用结构钢包括碳素钢和低合金钢，钢号的末尾标有C（船）。 　　碳钢素有2C、3C、4C和5C，低合金钢有12MnC、16MnC、15MnTiC、14MnVTiReC等钢种。厚度为2.5~50毫米。 CCSA中国船级社认证A板，CCSB中国船级社认证B板差100块以内。  造船钢板的规格和材质 商标可分为，国标，日标，美标，德标等  根据造船钢板材质可分为一般船板和高强度船板  一般船板有A，B，C，D，E级，高强度船板可分为AH32/36 ，EH32/36，DH32/36 。

薄钢板（也叫黑铁皮）  　　薄钢板—指厚度小于或等于4mm的钢板，包括普通薄钢板（如普通碳素钢、花纹钢及酸洗薄钢板）、优质薄钢板（碳素结构钢、合金结构钢、工具钢等薄钢板（如镀锌、镀锡及镀铅等薄钢板）。 薄钢板理论重量：薄钢板厚度（mm）理论重量（kg/m2）厚度（mm）理论重量（kg/m2）厚度（mm）理论重量（kg/m2）0.201.570.755.891.814.130.251.960.806.282.015.700.302.360.907.072.217.270.352.751.007.852.519.360.403.141.18.642.821.980.453.531.29.423.023.550.503.931.310.213.225.120.554.321.410.993.527.480.604.711.511.783.829.830.655.101.612.563.930.620.705.501.713.354.031.40     薄钢板是符合厚度等于或小于4mm的各种热轧和冷轧的钢板。有许多品种：热轧普通薄钢板、冷轧普同薄钢板、热轧优质薄钢板、冷轧优质薄钢板以及电镀、镀锌、涂层、复合等薄钢板。虽然品种多，材质也不同，但其尺寸、外形、重量计算方法大同小异，计算公式：  W（kg/m2）=0.00785*宽*厚

它是热轧钢板、镀锌钢板上涂0.4-0.5mm的软质或半硬质聚氯乙烯塑料薄膜制成，具有耐热、耐腐蚀性能，可做墙板。 　　彩色涂层钢板简述: 　　在钢板上涂上有机涂料，涂料可以有各种不同的颜色，彩色涂层钢板由此而得名，简称彩板，也称有机涂层钢板。由于彩色涂层钢板是在钢板加工成型前先涂上涂料，在国外也称为预涂层钢板。彩涂板有机涂层起了覆盖隔离作用，可防止钢板生锈，使用寿命更长。 　　彩涂板的基板有冷轧基板、热镀锌基板、电镀锌基板、热镀铝锌基板。　　彩涂板的面漆涂层种类可以分为：聚酯、硅改性聚酯、偏聚氟乙烯、高耐久性聚酯等。　　生产工艺从一涂一烘发展到二涂二烘，也出现三涂三烘的工艺。　　彩涂板的表面状态可以分为正常涂层板、压花板、印花板等。 　　彩涂板主要用途分为建筑、家电和交通运输等。由于彩涂板不仅色彩鲜艳，还具有优良的成型性和耐久性，使用寿命长等优点，还大量节省客户的清洗脱脂和油漆作业的设备成本和人工。因此，彩色涂层钢板已广泛应用在我国的建筑业（大型工业厂房、大型仓库、简易活动室、室内装饰板、机场建筑物、现代化大型飞机库、大型体育馆等）预热隔热夹芯板、大型冷藏库、彩涂钢板制门窗、卷帘门及钢制家具。在家电行业中用于冰柜、洗衣机。电子工业应用在仪表开关箱外壳、录音机机芯等。其它如候车厅，售票亭，办公室隔墙等，应用正不断扩大。　　PCM彩板即连续辊涂彩色钢板，其色彩鲜艳，不仅具有良好的成型加工性、漆膜耐腐蚀性和柔韧性，又具有良好的经济效益，满足社会经济、环保发展的要求。根据ECCA（欧洲卷涂协会）数据统计，PCM彩板在生产效率、周转储存、环保效应、外观效果方面均优于传统的喷粉板材，其综合成本仅相当于喷粉板材的90%左右，因此，在欧美地区家电外装饰材料几乎都采用该类彩板；目前在国内，以海尔集团为代表，喷粉板材正逐渐被彩板所取代。　　在传统PCM彩板的基础上，海尔彩板公司通过整合全球资源，研制开发出导电PCM彩板及辊涂工艺的砂面PCM彩板，成为国内唯一的砂面PCM彩板的生产基地。产品不仅符合欧盟的ROHS环保标准，且经国家科委、经贸委鉴定，产品性能品质均已达到国际领先水平。　　彩色予涂钢板PCM,将传统的喷涂涂装变成钢板的连续涂布，便于表面处理及涂布质量的控制，又不存在涂装易产生的棱边死角等缺陷；而且采用无铬处理液进行辊涂式化学处理后直接干燥，无传统浸涂式化学处理对环境的污染和破坏，满足环保要求。 　　产品特点： 　　彩色予涂钢板PCM板材色彩鲜艳，既具有钢板的强度和良好的成型加工性，又能够满足高速、精密加工设备的要求。而PCM得以高速发展的主要原因，其具有良好的经济效益同时也能满足社会经济、环保发展的要求。　　在连续机组上以冷轧带钢，镀锌带钢（电镀锌和热镀锌）为基板，经过表面预处理（脱脂和学处理），用辊涂的方法，涂上一层或多层液态涂料，化经过烘烤和冷却所得的板材即为涂层钢板。由于涂层可以有各种不同的颜色，习惯上把涂层钢板叫做彩色涂层钢板。又由于涂层是在钢板成型加工之前进行的，在国外这叫做预涂层钢板. 　　工艺流程 　　彩色涂层钢板是以冷轧钢板和镀锌钢板为基板，经过表面预处理（脱脂、清洗、化学转化处理），以连续的方法涂上涂料（辊涂法），经过烘烤和冷却而制成的产品。 　　常见的二涂二烘型连续彩色涂层机组工艺流程主要生产工序为：开卷→预处理→涂敷→烘烤→后处理→卷取。 　　产品用途： 　　涂层钢板具有轻质、美观和良好的防腐蚀性能，又可直接加工，它给建筑业、造船业、车辆制造业、家具行业、电气行业等提供了一种新型原材料，起到了以钢代木、高效施工、节约能源、防止污染等良好效果。使用镀锌钢板为基板的彩色涂层钢板，除有锌保护外，锌层上的有机涂层起了覆盖隔离作用，可防止钢板生锈，使用寿命比镀锌钢板更长，据介绍涂层钢板的使用寿命比镀锌钢板长50%。 　　但是，在不同的地区和不同的使用部位，采用相同镀锌量、同种涂料、相同涂层厚度的彩色涂层板，其使用寿命会有很大的不同。例如，在工业区或沿海地区，由于受到空气中二氧化硫气体或盐分的作用，腐蚀速度加快，使用寿命受到影响。 　　在雨季，涂层长期受雨水浸湿、或者在日夜温差太大易结露的部位，都会较快地受到腐蚀，使用寿命均会降低。 　　用彩色涂层钢板制造的建筑物或厂房，经常受到雨水冲洗时使用寿命较长，否则，由于受二氧化硫气体、盐和灰尘的作用而影响使用。因此，在设计时，若屋顶的倾斜度越大，则越不容易积聚灰尘等污物，使用寿命越长；对于那些不受雨水经常冲洗的区域或部位，应定期用水冲洗。　　彩涂钢板分类 　　彩色涂层钢板产品可以采用冷轧基板、热镀锌基板和电镀锌基板。 　　按基板分类的彩色涂层钢板种类如下： 　　彩 色 涂 层 钢 板 　　冷轧基板彩色涂层钢板 　　热镀锌彩色涂层钢板 　　热镀铝锌彩色涂层钢板 镀5%铝锌彩色涂层钢板 　　镀55%铝锌彩色涂层钢板 　　电镀锌彩色涂层钢板 　　其它 印花彩板 　　金属压花彩板 　　■冷轧基板彩色涂层钢板 　　由冷轧基板生产的彩色板，具有平滑美丽的外观，且具有冷轧板的加工性能；但是表面涂层的任何细小划伤都会把冷轧基板暴露在空气中，从而使露铁处很快生成红锈。因此这类产品只能用于要求不高的临时隔离措施和作室内用材。 　　■热镀锌彩色涂层钢板 　　把有机涂料涂复在热镀锌钢板上得到的产品即为热镀锌彩涂板。热镀锌彩涂板除具有锌的保护作用外，表面上的有机涂层还起了隔绝保护、防止生锈的作用，使用寿命比热镀锌板更长。热镀锌基板的含锌量一般为180g/m2（双面），建筑外用热 　　镀锌基板的镀锌量最高为275g/m2。 　　■热镀铝锌彩涂板 　　根据要求，也可以采用热镀铝锌钢板作为彩涂基板（55%AI-Zn和5%AI-Zn）。 　　■电镀锌彩涂板 　　用电镀锌板为基板，涂上有机涂料烘烤所得的产品为电镀锌彩涂板，由于电镀锌板的锌层薄，通常含锌量为20/20g/m2，因此该产品不适合使用在室外制作墙、屋顶等。但因具有美丽的外观和优良的加工性能，因此主要可用于家电、音响、钢家具、室内装潢等。 　　■涂料 　　涂料是一种流动状态或粉末状态的有机物，涂敷于底材上能干燥固化形成一层薄膜，均匀地覆盖和良好地附着。其主要性能为防护性（如耐潮湿性、耐水性、耐候性、耐化学性等）和装饰性（具有各种不同的颜色和光泽）。 　　■涂料的组成及其作用 　　各种不同的涂料，都有四个部分组成，即（1）树脂（2）颜料（3）溶剂（4）助剂。其中溶剂是挥发分，其作三个部分基本是不挥发分。 　　（1）树脂 　　树脂即成膜物质，是涂料中的最主要成分和基础，也称基料，它是决定涂膜性质的主要因素。要求作为成膜物质的树脂在 　　涂料储存期内相当稳定，不发生明显的物理变化和化学变化；在成膜时，在规定的条件下，能迅速固化成膜。 　　树脂种类繁多，在卷材涂料中常用的树脂有酸树脂、环氧树脂、聚酯树脂和聚基酯树脂等。不同的树`脂，其物理性能和化学性能、以及耐候性、耐蚀性等是不一样的。 　　（2）颜料 　　颜料须与树脂配合使用，在涂料中的主要作用是使涂膜着色，颜料比例不同会影响涂膜硬度、光泽度以及耐蚀性等。 　　（3）溶剂 　　溶剂是液态涂料的重要组成部分，在涂料烘干过程中是能挥发的成分。一般也用溶剂调节涂料粘度，这种用于调节涂料粘度的溶剂称为稀释剂。溶剂对涂料的制造、贮存、涂敷、漆膜的形成和成膜质量有着很大的影响。 　　（4）助剂 　　助剂是为改善涂料性能而加入的少量添加剂。助剂在涂料中用量极少，作用却显著，如有的能改进涂料和涂膜的性能，有的能改善烘干时间、有的能防止涂膜产生病态等。助剂种类繁多，有催干剂、固化剂、流平剂、消泡剂、消光剂，稳定剂等。 　　几乎绝大部分液态涂料都由上述四个成分中的某些原料组成，其中最主要的是树脂，这是任何涂料都少不了的。可以说树脂（有时加溶剂和助剂）就是透明漆，再加入颜料就可成各种色漆。 　　彩色涂层钢板用涂料一般根据用途分为两大类：即建筑用和家电用。建筑用涂料根据使用环境的不同，在环氧树脂、聚酯树脂、聚氯乙烯塑料溶胶、硅改性聚酯和聚偏氟乙烯中选择。家电用涂料一般彩聚酯树脂。 一、什么叫做彩色涂层钢板 现代的彩色涂层钢板是在连续机组上以冷轧带钢、镀锌钢带(电镀锌和热镀锌)和热镀锌一铝合金钢带等为基板，经过表面预处理(脱脂和化学处理)，用辊涂或覆膜等方法，涂覆上一层或多层有机涂层，经过烘烤和冷却所得到的涂装产品即为涂层钢板。由于涂层可以有各种不同的颜色，因此，又称之为“彩色涂层钢板”。又由于涂层是在钢板成型加工之前进行的，在国外亦称之为“预涂层钢板”或‘卷涂”。 二、彩色涂层钢板是由哪几部分构成的 彩色涂层钢板的构成，大体上可分为基材、镀层、化学转化膜和有机涂层4大部分。 三、彩色涂层钢板的涂料品种有哪几大类 按彩色涂层钢板的涂料形态分类，则有液体涂料、粉末涂料、塑料薄膜三大类。 四、用于生产彩色涂层钢板的基材主要有哪几种 按基板分类的彩色涂层钢板的种类，主要有以下四大类别：(1)冷轧基板彩色涂层钢板。(2)热镀锌彩色涂层钢板。(3)热镀铝锌彩色涂层钢板。(4)电镀锌彩色涂层钢板。 五、在剪切彩色涂层钢板时，应注意哪些问题? 彩色涂层钢板根据用途要进行剪切、弯曲、成型等各种加工。由于钢板表面有锌层和有机涂层，加工时有许多与普通冷轧钢板不同的地方，须特别注意，以防加工时涂膜受损。影响剪切的因素包括：(1)材料的力学性能；(2)刀具的形状及间隙；(3)工具面的摩擦及润滑；(4)加工速度和温度等。在剪切彩色涂层钢板时应特别注意以下事项：(1)应尽量使切断面的毛边短小，以防彩色涂层钢板在剪切堆垛时相互划伤；(2)及时清除剪断时产生的切屑和金属粉，否则会损伤钢板表面，成为擦伤或腐蚀生锈的根源；(3)彩色涂层钢带剪切时，与彩色接触的辊子应为胶辊或其他材料，与彩色钢板接触的台面应铺上橡皮垫并保持清洁，防止彩板涂膜损伤。

耐磨钢板以及耐磨钢板的特点耐磨钢板的性能特点:1.很高的耐磨性能： strongplate耐磨钢板耐磨层厚度3-12㎜，耐磨层硬度可以达到HRC58-62，耐磨性能是普通钢板的15-20倍以上，是低合金钢板性能5-10倍以上，是高铬铸铁耐磨性能2-5倍以上，耐磨性远远高于喷焊和热喷涂等方法。  2.较好的冲击性能： Strongplate耐磨钢板是双层金属结构，耐磨层和基材之间是冶金结合，结合强度高，可在受冲击的过程中吸收能量，耐磨层不会脱落，可以应用到振动、冲击较强的工况条件下，这一点是铸造耐磨材料和陶瓷材料所不及的。3.很好的耐温性能： Strongplate耐磨钢板合金碳化物在高温下有很强的稳定性能，耐磨钢板可以在500℃内使用，其他特殊要求温度可以定制生产，能够满足1200℃以内条件下使用；陶瓷、聚脂、高分子材料等采取粘贴方式耐磨材料无法满足如此高温要求。4.很好的连接性能： Strongplate耐磨钢板基材是普通Q235钢板，保证耐磨钢板具有韧性和塑性，提供抵抗外力的强度，可以采取焊接、塞焊、螺栓连接等多种方式和其他结构进行联系，连接牢固，不容易脱落，连接方式多于其他材料；5.很好的选择性能： Strongplate耐磨钢板选择不同厚度基材，堆焊不同层数和厚度的合金耐磨层，可以得到不同厚度和不同用途的钢板，最大厚度可达到30㎜以上；6.很好的加工性能： Strongplate耐磨钢板能够按要求加工成不同规格尺寸，可以进行加工、冷弯成型、焊接、弯曲等，方便使用；可以现场拼焊成型，使维修更换工作变得省时、方便，大大降低工作强度。7.很好的性价格比： Strongplate耐磨钢板价格较普通材料有所提高，但考虑到产品使用寿命，综合考虑维修费用、备件费用和停机损失，其性能价格比远高于普通钢板和其他材料　　双金属复层耐磨钢板是专供大面积磨损工况使用的板材产品，是在韧性、塑性很好的普通低碳钢或者低合金钢表面通过堆焊方法复合一定厚度的硬度较高、耐磨性优良的耐磨层而制成的板材产品。 　　双金属复合耐磨钢板由低碳钢板和合金耐磨层两部分组成，抗磨层一般占总厚度的1/3－1/2。工作时由基体提供抵抗外力的强度、韧性和塑性等综合性能，由耐磨层提供满足指定工况需求的耐磨性能。 　　耐磨钢板合金耐磨层和基体之间是冶金结合。通过专用设备，采用自动焊接工艺，将高硬度自保护合金焊丝均匀地焊接在基材上，复合层数一层至两层以至多层，复合过程中由于合金收缩比不同，出现均匀横向裂纹，这是耐磨钢板的显著特点。 　　耐磨层主要以铬合金为主，同时还添加锰、钼、铌、镍等其它合金成份，金相组织中碳化物呈纤维状分布，纤维方向与表面垂直。碳化物显微硬度可以达到HV1700-2000以上，表面硬度可达到HRc58-62。合金碳化物在高温下有很强的稳定性，保持较高的硬度，同时还具有很好的抗氧化性能，在500℃以内完全正常使用。 　　耐磨钢板具有很高耐磨性能和较好冲击性能好，能够进行切割、弯曲、焊接等，可采取焊接、塞焊、螺栓连接等方式与其他结构进行连接，在维修现场过程中具有省时、方便等特点，广泛应用于冶金、煤炭、水泥、电力、玻璃、矿山、建材、砖瓦等行业，与其他材料相比，有很高的性价比，已经受到越来越多行业和厂家的青睐 　　技术参数　　　硬度，HRC　　　耐磨层厚度≤4mm：HRC54-58； 　　耐磨层厚度＞4mm：HRC56-62　　　外观参数　　　平整度：5mm／M　　　性能描述　　　1、高耐磨性 　　合金层的化学成分中碳含量达4～5％，铬含量高达25～30％，其金相组织中Cr7C3碳化物的体积分数达到50％以上，宏观硬度为HRC56～62，碳化铬的硬度为HV1400～1800。由于碳化物成于磨损方向相垂直分布，即使与同成分和硬度的铸造合金相比较，耐磨性能提高一倍以上。与几种典型的材料耐磨性对比如下：　　　（1）与低碳钢；20～25：1 　　（2）与铸态高铬铸铁；1.5～2.5：1 　　2、良好的耐冲击性： 　　耐磨复合钢板的底层为低碳钢或低合金。不锈钢等韧性材料，体现双金属的优越性，耐磨层抵抗磨损介质的磨损，基板承受介质的载荷，因此有良好的耐冲击性。可以承受物料输送系统中承受高落差料斗等冲击和磨损。 　　3、较好的耐热性： 　　耐磨层推荐使用在≤600℃工况下使用，若在合金层中加入钒，钼等合金，可以承受≤800℃的高温磨损。　　　推荐使用温度如下： 　　普通碳钢基板推荐不高于380℃工况使用； 　　低合金耐热钢板（15CrMo，12Cr1MOV等）基板推荐不高于540℃工况使用； 　　耐热不锈钢基板推荐在不高于800　℃工况使用。 　　4、好的耐腐蚀性 　　耐磨复合钢板的合金层中含有高百分比的金属铬，故具有一定防锈和耐腐蚀能力。用于落煤筒和漏斗等场合可以做到防止粘煤。 　　5、品种规格齐全 　　耐磨复合钢板规格全，品种多，已成商品系列化。耐磨合金层的厚度在3～20mm。复合钢板的厚度最薄为6mm，厚度不限。目前，标准耐磨复合钢板可提供1200或1450×2000mm，也可根据用户需求，按图纸尺寸定做加工。耐磨复合钢板现分为普通型、耐冲击型和高温型三种，定购高温耐磨和耐冲击型复合钢板要说明。 　　6、方便的加工性能 　　耐磨复合钢板可以切割，弯曲或卷曲、焊接和打孔，它可以加工成普通钢板可以加工的各种部件。切割好的复合板可以拼焊成各种工程结构件或零部件。　　　功能及特点　　　可焊接、耐磨性能好。

一、钢板（包括带钢）的分类：　　1、按厚度分类：（1）薄板（2）中板（3）厚板（4）特厚板　　2、按生产方法分类：（1）热轧钢板（2）冷轧钢板　　3、按表面特征分类：（1）镀锌板（热镀锌板、电镀锌板）（2）镀锡板（3）复合钢板（4）彩色涂层钢板　　4、按用途分类：（1）桥梁钢板（2）锅炉钢板（3）造船钢板（4）装甲钢板（5）汽车钢板（6）屋面钢板（7）结构钢板（8）电工钢板（硅钢片）（9）弹簧钢板（10）其他二、普通及机械结构用钢板中常见的日本牌号　　1、日本钢材（JIS系列）的牌号中普通结构钢主要由三部分组成：第一部分表示材质，如：S（Steel）表示钢，F（Ferrum）表示铁；第二部分表示不同的形状、种类、用途，如P(Plate)表示板，T（Tube）表示管，K(Kogu)表示工具；第三部分表示特征数字，一般为最低抗拉强度。如：SS400¡¡第一个S表示钢(Steel)，第二个S表示“结构”（Structure），400为下限抗拉强度400MPa，整体表示抗拉强度为400 MPa的普通结构钢。　　2、SPHC¡¡首位S为钢Steel的缩写，P为板Plate的缩写，H为热Heat的缩写，C商业Commercial的缩写，整体表示一般用热轧钢板及钢带。　　3、SPHD¡¡表示冲压用热轧钢板及钢带。　　4、SPHE¡¡表示深冲用热轧钢板及钢带。　　5、SPCC¡¡表示一般用冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带，相当于中国Q195-215A牌号。其中第三个字母C为冷Cold的缩写。需保证抗拉试验时，在牌号末尾加T为SPCCT。　　6、SPCD¡¡表示冲压用冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带，相当于中国08AL（13237）优质碳素结构钢。　　7、SPCE¡¡表示深冲用冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带，相当于中国08AL（5213）深冲钢。需保证非时效性时，在牌号末尾加N为SPCEN。冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带调质代号：退火状态为A，标准调质为S，1/8硬为8，1/4硬为4，1/2硬为2，硬为1。　　表面加工代号：无光泽精轧为D，光亮精轧为B。如SPCC-SD表示标准调质、无光泽精轧的一般用冷轧碳素薄板。再如SPCCT-SB表示标准调质、光亮加工，要求保证机械性能的冷轧碳素薄板。　　8、JIS机械结构用钢牌号表示方法为：S+含碳量+字母代号（C、CK），其中含碳量用中间值×100表示，字母C：表示碳 K：表示渗碳用钢。如碳结卷板S20C其含碳量为0.18-0.23%。三、我国及日本硅钢片牌号表示方法　　1、中国牌号表示方法：　　（1）冷轧无取向硅钢带（片）表示方法：DW+铁损值（在频率为50HZ，波形为正弦的磁感峰值为1.5T的单位重量铁损值。）的100倍+厚度值的100倍。如DW470-50 表示铁损值为4.7w/kg，厚度为0.5mm的冷轧无取向硅钢，现新型号表示为50W470。　　（2）冷轧取向硅钢带（片）表示方法：DQ+铁损值（在频率为50HZ，波形为正弦的磁感峰值为1.7T的单位重量铁损值。）的100倍+厚度值的100倍。有时铁损值后加G表示高磁感。如DQ133-30表示铁损值为1.33，厚度为0.3mm的冷轧取向硅钢带（片），现新型号表示为30Q133。　　（3）热轧硅钢板热轧硅钢板用DR表示，按硅含量的多少分成低硅钢（含硅量≤2.8%）、高硅钢（含硅量＞2.8%）。　　表示方法：DR+铁损值（用50HZ反复磁化和按正弦形变化的磁感应强度最大值为1.5T时的单位重量铁损值）的100倍+厚度值的100倍。如DR510-50表示铁损值为5.1，厚度为0.5mm的热轧硅钢板。家用电器用热轧硅钢薄板的牌号用JDR+铁损值+厚度值来表示，如JDR540-50。　　2、日本牌号表示方法：　　（1）冷轧无取向硅钢带由公称厚度（扩大100倍的值）+代号A+铁损保证值（将频率50HZ，最大磁通密度为1.5T时的铁损值扩大100倍后的值）。如50A470表示厚度为0.5mm，铁损保证值为≤4.7的冷轧无取向硅钢带。　　（2）冷轧取向硅钢带由公称厚度（扩大100倍的值）+代号G：表示普通材料，P：表示高取向性材料+铁损保证值（将频率50HZ，最大磁通密度为1.7T时的铁损值扩大100倍后的值）。如30G130表示厚度为0.3mm，铁损保证值为≤1.3的冷轧取向硅钢带。

抗拉强度的界说及表明符号------抗拉强度符号试样拉断前接受的最大标称拉应力。抗拉强度是金属由均匀塑性变形向部分会集塑性变形过渡的临界值，也是金属在静拉伸条件下的最大承载才能。关于塑性材料，它表征材料最大均匀塑性变形的抗力，拉伸试样在接受最大拉应力之前，变形是均匀共同的，但超出之后，金属开端呈现缩颈现象，即发作会集变形；抗拉强度符号关于没有(或很小)均匀塑性变形的脆性材料，它反映了材料的开裂抗力。符号为RM，单位为MPa。试样在拉伸过程中，材料通过屈从阶段后进入强化阶段后跟着横向截面尺度显着缩小在拉断时所接受的最大力（Fb），除以试样原横截面积（So）所得的应力（σ），称为抗拉强度或许强度极限（σb），单位为N/mm2（MPa）。它表明金属材料在拉力效果下反抗损坏的最大才能。计算公式为：σ=Fb/So式中：Fb--试样拉断时所接受的最大力，N（牛顿）； So--试样原始横截面积，mm。抗拉强度（ Rm）指材料在拉断前接受最大应力值。当钢材屈从到必定程度后，因为内部晶粒从头排列，抗拉强度符号其反抗变形才能又从头进步，此刻变形尽管开展很快，但却只能跟着应力的进步而进步，直至应力达最大值。尔后，钢材反抗变形的才能显着下降，并在最单薄处发作较大的塑性变形，此处试件截面敏捷缩小，呈现颈缩现象，直至开裂损坏。钢材受拉开裂前的最大应力值称为强度极限或抗拉强度。单位:N/mm2(单位面积接受的公斤力)抗拉强度：Tensile strength.抗拉强度=Eh，其间E为杨氏模量，h为材料厚度抗拉强度符号目前国内丈量抗拉强度比较遍及的办法是选用全能材料试验机等来进行材料抗拉/压强度的测定!

冷轧板卷是以热轧卷为原料，在室温下在再结晶温度以下进行轧制而成，包括板和卷，国内众多钢厂如宝钢、武钢、鞍钢等均可以生产。其中成张交货的称为钢板，也称盒板或平板；长度很长、成卷交货的称为钢带，也称卷板。 生产过程中由于不进行加热，所以不存在热轧常出现的麻点和氧化铁皮等缺陷，表面质量好、光洁度高。而且冷轧产品的尺寸精度高，产品的性能和组织能满足一些特殊的使用要求，如电磁性能、深冲性能等。  　　规格：厚度为0.2-4mm，宽度为600-2 000mm，钢板长度为1 200-6 000mm。  　　牌号：Q195A-Q235A、Q195AF-Q235AF、Q295A(B)-Q345 A(B)；SPCC、SPCD、SPCE、ST12-15;DC01-06  　　性能：主要采用低碳钢牌号，要求具有良好的冷弯和焊接性能，以及一定的冲压性能。 钢号规格（厚*宽*长）冷轧板规格板0.4*1000*C0.5*1250*C0.35*1000*C 1.0*1000*C0.7*1020*C0.3*1000*C 0.4*1000*C1.5*1000*C2.5*1000*C 2.5*1000*C2.0*1250*C1.5*1250*C 1.0*1250*C1.0*1000*C1.0*1000*2000 1.2*1000*20001.5*1000*20000.5*1000*C 2.0*1000*20003.0*1000*20001.0*1250*2000 1.0*1250*25001.2*1250*20001.2*1250*2500 1.5*1250*20001.5*1250*20002.0*1250*2000 2.0*1250*25002.5*1250*20002.5*1250*2500 3.0*1250*20003.0*1250*25001.0*1250*2500 0.35*1000*20000.4*1000*20000.45*1000*2000 0.5*1000*20000.6*1000*20000.7*1000*2000 0.8*1000*20002.0*1000*20001.2*1000*2000 1.5*1000*20001.0*1250*2000

08F钢板化学成分08F钢板牌号08F钢板化学成分（质量分数）（%）CSiMnCrNiCu≤08F0.05~0.11≤0.030.25~0.500.100.300.25 08F钢板力学性能08F钢板牌号拉力强度MPa屈服点MPa断后伸长率（%）断面收缩率（%）08F2951753560

电镀锌钢板，是指采用电镀锌工艺镀锌的钢板。与热镀锌钢板相比，镀锌层厚度薄，但成本低。电镀锌也叫冷镀锌，就是利用电解原理，在制件表面形成均匀、致密、结合良好的锌镀层的过程。与其他 金属 相比，锌是相对便宜而又易镀覆的一种 金属 ，属低值防蚀电镀层，被广泛用于保护钢铁件，特别是防止空气氧化腐蚀，并用于装饰。镀锌板是指表面镀有一层锌的钢板。镀锌是一种经常采用的经济而有效的防腐方法。全世界锌 产量 的一半左右均用于此种工艺。镀锌是为防止钢板表面遭受腐蚀延长其使用寿命。镀锌板 市场 概况及生产消费现状近几年，我国镀锌板的生 产量 在逐年增加，出进口量也在逐年增加，增长幅度高于生 产量 的增加；扣除生产重复统计后，镀锌板消费量约为527万吨。1999年以后，进口量超过了生 产量 ，国内产品的自给率不足50％，并且有逐年降低的趋势。镀锌板消费量的增加主要依靠进口。近几年镀锌板进口逐年增长、进口的品种主要是电镀锌板，但电镀锌板进口的比例逐年降低；相应地，热镀锌板进口比例逐年增加，2003年我国热镀锌板的进口量第一次超过了电镀锌板的进口量。电镀锌钢板的特点：用电镀法制造这种镀锌钢板具有良好的加工性，但镀层较薄，耐腐蚀性不如热浸法镀锌板。

patterned section  花纹钢板　　花纹钢板表面带有凸起(或凹陷)花纹的钢板。 　　花纹钢板也称网纹钢板，是其表面具有菱形或突棱的钢板。 　　花纹可以是单一的菱形、扁豆形或圆豆形，也可以由两种或两种以上花纹适当地组合成为组合型花纹板。 　　花纹主要起防滑和装饰作用。组合型花纹板的防滑能力、抗弯能力、节约金属量及外观等方面的综合效果，均明显优于单一型花纹板。 　　花纹钢板广泛用于造船、锅炉、汽车、拖拉机、火车车厢及建筑等行业。 　　花纹钢板由于其表面有突棱，有防滑作用，可用作地板、厂房扶梯、工作架踏板、船舶甲板、汽车底板等。 　　花纹钢板用于车间、大型设备或船舶走道和楼梯的踏板，是表面压出菱形或扁豆形花纹的钢板。 　　钢板是由普通碳素钢1-3号乙类钢生产的，厚度为2.5-8毫米，宽度为600-1800毫米，长度为2000-12000毫米。 　　花纹钢板的规格以基本厚度(突棱的厚度不计)表示，有2.5-8毫米10种规格。花纹板钢板用1-3号。  　　花纹钢板用钢牌号按GB/T700(碳素结构钢）、GB/T712(船体用结构钢）和GB/T4171(高耐候性结构钢）的规定供应。 　　乙类普通碳素结构钢轧制，化学成分符合GB700《普通碳素结构钢技术条件》的规定。  　　花纹板高不小于基板厚度0.2倍；  　　花纹钢板按实际重量或理论重量交货；  　　标记示例：用Q235-A制成的，尺寸为4*1000*4000mm.  　　圆豆花纹钢板，其标记为：圆豆形花纹钢板Q235-A-4*1000*4000-GB/T 3277-91  　　菱形花纹钢板，其标记为：菱形花纹钢板板B 3-4*1000*4000-GB 3277-82  　　钢板以热轧状态交货；花纹钢板表面不得有气泡、结疤、拉裂、折叠和夹杂、钢板不得有分层。  　　表面质量分为两级：  　　普通精度：钢板表面允许有薄层氧化铁皮、铁锈、由于氧化铁皮脱落所形成的表面粗糙和高度或深度古超过允许偏差的其他局部缺陷。花纹上允许有不明显的毛刺和高度不超过纹高的个别痕迹。单个缺陷的最大面积不超过纹长的平方。  　　较高精度：钢板表面允许有薄层氧化铁皮、铁锈和高度或深度不超过厚度公差之半的其他局部缺陷。  　　花纹完整无损，花纹上允许有高度不超过厚度公差之半的局部的轻微毛刺。型号 尺寸，mm 理论重量h b d kg/m10 100 68 4.5 11.26112.6 126 74 5 14.22314 140 80 5.5 16.8916 160 88 6 20.51318 180 94 6.5 24.14320a 200 100 7 27.92920b 200 102 9 31.06922a 220 110 7.5 33.0722b 220 112 9.5 36.52425a 250 116 8 38.10525b 250 118 10 42.0328a 280 122 8.5 43.49228b 280 124 10.5 47.88832a 320 130 9.5 52.71732b 320 132 11.5 57.74132c 320 134 13.5 62.76536a 360 136 10 30.03736b 360 138 12 65.68936c 360 140 14 71.34140a 400 142 10.5 67.59840b 400 144 12.5 73.87840c 400 146 14.5 80.15845a 450 150 11.5 80.4245b 450 152 13.5 87.48545c 450 154 15.5 94.5550a 500 158 12 93.65450b 500 160 14 101.50450c 500 162 16 109.35456a 560 166 12.5 106.31656b 560 168 14.5 115.10856c 560 170 16.5 123.963a 630 176 13 121.40763b 630 178 15 131.29863c 630 180 17 141.189(12) 120 74 5 13.987（24a） 240 116 8 37.477（24b） 240 118 10 41.245（27a） 270 122 8.5 42.825（27b） 270 124 10.5 47.064（30a） 300 126 9 48.084（30b） 300 128 11 52.794（30c） 300 130 13 57.504（55a） 550 166 12.5 105.335（55b） 550 168 14.5 113.97（55c） 550 170 16.5 122.605注：h－高度；b－腿宽度；d－腰厚度；（）表示经供需双方协议可供应（）中所规定的工字钢。 热轧槽钢理论重量速查表    （根据GB/T707－1988）型号 尺寸、mm 理论重量h b d kg/m5 50 37 4.5 5.4386.3 63 40 4.8 6.6348 80 43 5 8.04510 100 48 5.3 10.00712.6 126 53 5.5 12.31814a 140 58 6 14.53514b 140 60 8 16.73316a 160 63 6.5 17.2416b 160 65 8.5 19.75218a 180 68 7 20.17418b 180 70 9 2320a 200 73 7 22.63720b 200 75 9 25.77722a 220 77        7 24.99922b 220 79        9 28.45325a 250 78 7 27.4125b 250 80 9 31.33525c 250 82 11 35.2628a 280 82 7.5 31.42728b 280 84 9.5 35.82328c 280 86 11.5 40.21932a 320 90 8 38.08332b 320 88 10 43.10732c 320 90 12 48.13136a 360 92 9 47.81436b 360 96 11 5.46636c 360 98 13 59.11840a 400 100 10.5 58.92840b 400 102 12.5 65.20840c 400 104 14.5 71.488(6.5) 65 40 4.3 6.709(12) 120 53 5.5 12.059（24a） 240 78 7 26.86（24b） 240 80 9 30.628（24c） 240 82 11 34.396（27a） 270 82 7.5 30.838（27b） 270 84 9.5 35.077（27c） 270 86 11.5 39.316（30a） 300 85 7.5 34.463（30b） 300 87 9.5 39.173 花纹板理论重量速查表（根据GB/T3277－1991）基本 理论重量，kg/m²厚度 菱形 扁豆 圆豆2.5 21.6 21.3 21.13 25.6 24.4 24.33.5 29.3 28.4 28.34 33.4 32.4 32.34.5 37.3 36.4 36.25 42.3 40.5 40.25.5 46.2 44.3 44.16 50.1 48.4 48.17 59 52.6 52.48 66.8 56.4 56.2

钢板镀锌是提高钢板耐锈蚀性能、装饰美观的一种工艺手法。目前，最常用的钢板镀锌方法是热镀锌。镀锌钢板是为防止钢板表面遭受腐蚀，延长其使用寿命，在钢板表面涂以一层 金属 锌，这种涂锌的钢板称为镀锌板或镀锌钢板。镀锌钢板广泛用于建筑、轻工、汽车、家电、电子、农牧渔业、商品包装等 行业 。近几年，我国建筑、家电等 行业 对镀锌板需求增长很快， 市场 潜力较大，尤其是近年来随着建筑轻型结构的迅速发展，轿车 产量 的逐年增加，家用电器的广泛普及，合资、独资企业电子产品的大量出口，使镀锌板的消费量增长较快。按生产方式分，镀锌板分为热镀锌板和电镀锌板。目前，国内镀锌板的生产无论是数量还是品种均不能满足 市场 需求，每年需要大量进口，国内镀锌板生产 市场 占有率较低，国内 市场 供不应求， 市场 潜力巨大。热镀锌钢板，将薄钢板浸入熔解的锌槽中，使其表面粘附一层锌的薄钢板。目前主要采用连续镀锌工艺生产，即把成卷的钢板连续浸在熔解有锌的镀槽中制成镀锌钢板；电镀锌钢板，用电镀锌法制造这种镀锌钢板具有良好的加工性。但镀层较薄，耐腐蚀性不如热浸法镀锌板；单面镀和双面差镀锌板，单面镀锌钢板，即只在一面镀锌的产品。在焊接、涂装、防锈处理、加工等方面，具有比双面镀锌板更好的适应性。为克服单面未涂锌的缺点，又有一种在另面涂以薄层锌的镀锌板，即双面差镀锌板；合金化镀锌板，这种钢板也是用热浸镀锌法制造，但在出槽后，立即把它加热到500℃左右，使其生成锌和铁的合金被膜。这种镀锌板具有良好的涂料的密着性和焊接性；合金、复合镀锌板，它是用锌和其他 金属 如铅、锌制成合金乃至复合镀成的钢板。这种钢板既具有卓越的防锈性能，又有良好的涂装性能。国内镀锌钢板生产消费存在的主要问题：生产品种不全；缺少锌合金镀层板；生产规格单一；生 产量 不足，机组能力小。钢板镀锌能有效地延长钢板的腐蚀时间，使得钢板的利用价值得到提升，目前钢材 市场 的镀锌钢板的 价格 也在小幅度的上涨。

（二）电工用冷轧硅钢薄板（GB2521-88）  　　用含硅0.8％-4.8％的电工硅钢为材质，经冷轧而成。  　　冷轧硅钢片分晶粒无取向和晶粒取向两种钢带。冷轧电工钢带具有表面平整、厚度均匀、叠装系数高、冲片性好等特点，且比热轧电工钢带磁感高、铁损低。用冷带代替热轧带制造电机或变压器，其重量和体积可减少0％-25％。若用冷轧取向带，性能更佳，用它代替热轧带或低档次冷轧带，可减少变压器电能消耗量45％-50％，且变压器工作性能更可靠。  　　用于制造电机和变压器。通常，晶粒无取向冷轧带用作电机或焊接变压器等的状态；晶粒取向冷轧带用作电源变压器、脉冲变压器和磁放大器等的铁芯。  　　钢板规格尺寸：厚度为0.35、0.50、0.65mm，宽度为800-1000mm，长度为≤2.0m。

抗拉强度单位  抗拉強度（tensile strength）　　抗拉強度（ бb ）也叫強度極限指材料在拉斷前接受最大應力值。　　抗拉强度单位-當鋼材屈从到必定程度后，因为內部晶粒从头排列，其反抗變形才能又从头进步，此時變形雖然發展很快，但卻只能隨著應力的进步而进步，直至應力達最大值。尔后，鋼材反抗變形的才能明顯下降，并在最单薄處發生較大的塑性變形，此處試件截面敏捷縮小，出現頸縮現象，直至斷裂破壞。鋼材受拉斷裂前的最大應力值稱為強度極限或抗拉強度。　　單位:kn/mm２(單位面積接受的公斤力)　　抗拉強度：extensional rigidity.　　抗拉強度=Eh，其间E為楊氏模量，h為材料厚度　　现在國內測量抗拉強度比較遍及的办法是才用萬能材料試驗機等來進行材料抗拉/壓強度的測定!　　1.屈从點（σs）鋼材或試樣在拉伸時，當應力超過彈性極限，即便應力不再添加，而鋼材或試樣仍繼續發生明顯的塑性變形，稱此現象為屈从，而產生屈从現象時的最小應力值即為屈从點。設Ps為屈从點s處的外力，Fo為試樣斷面積，則屈从點σs=Ps/Fo(MPa)，MPa稱為兆帕等于N（牛頓）/mm2，（MPa=106Pa，Pa：帕斯卡=N/m2）2.屈从強度（σ0.2）有的金屬材料的屈从點極不明顯，在測量上有困難，因而為了衡量材料的屈从特性，規定產生永久殘余塑性變形等于必定值（一般為原長度的0.2%）時的應力，稱為條件屈从強度或簡稱屈从強度σ0.2。3.抗拉強度（σb）僥饧在拉伸過程中，從開始到發生斷裂時所達到的最大應力值。它表明鋼材反抗斷裂的才能巨细。與抗拉強度相應的還有抗壓強度、抗彎強度等。抗拉强度单位設Pb為材料被拉斷前達到的最大拉力，Fo為試樣截面面積，則抗拉強度σb= Pb/Fo （MPa）。4.伸長率（δs）僥饧在拉斷后，其塑性伸長的長度與原試樣長度的百分比叫伸長率或延伸率。5.屈強比（σs/σb）鋼材的屈从點（屈从強度）與抗拉強度的比值，稱為屈強比。屈強比越大，結構零件的可靠性越高，一般碳素鋼屈強比為0.6-0.65，低合金結構鋼為0.65-0.75合金結構鋼為0.84-0.86。6.硬度泥度表明材料反抗硬物體壓入其表面的才能。它是金屬材料的重要功能指標之一。一般硬度越高，耐磨性越好。常用的硬度指標有布氏硬度、洛氏硬度和維氏硬度。瓥布氏硬度（HB）以必定的載荷（一般3000kg）把必定巨细（直徑一般為10mm）的淬硬鋼球壓入材料表面，坚持一段時間，去載后，負荷與其壓痕面積之比值，即為布氏硬度值（HB），單位為公斤力/mm2(N/mm2)。痥洛氏硬度（HR）盥HB>450或许試樣過小時，不能选用布氏硬度試驗而改用洛氏硬度計量。它是用一個支撑角120°的金剛石圓錐體或直徑為1.59、3.18mm的鋼球，在必定載荷下壓入被測材料表面，由壓痕的深度求出材料的硬度。根據試驗材料硬度的不同，分三種不同的標度來表明：HRA：是选用60kg載荷和鉆石錐壓入器求得的硬度，用于硬度極高的材料（如硬質合金等）。HRB：是选用100kg載荷和直徑1.58mm淬硬的鋼球，求得的硬度，用于硬度較低的材料（如退火鋼、鑄鐵等）。HRC：是选用150kg載荷和鉆石錐壓入器求得的硬度，用于硬度很高的材料（如淬火鋼等）。盥維氏硬度（HV）以120kg以內的載荷和支撑角為136°的金剛石方形錐壓入器壓入材料表面，用材料壓痕凹坑的表面積除以載荷值，即為維氏硬度值（HV）抗拉强度单位换算延伸率（δ）：描绘材料塑性功能的目标——延伸率δ和截面缩短率ψ。延伸率即试样拉伸开裂后标距段的总变形ΔL与原标距长度L之比的百分数：δ=ΔL/L×100%。 抗拉强度的单位:kn/m㎡(单位面积接受的公斤力)  压强单位是帕（Pa），1Pa= 1N/㎡  1kg的质量能够发生9.8牛顿的力  1MPa=10^6Pa=10^6 kn/㎡=1 kn/m㎡，  1pa=1 kn/㎡，  1kg=9.8n，  1mpa=1000kpa=1000000pa，lbf是 是1磅力，1lbf=4.44822N      不是应力单位应力、压强、压力：磅力每平方英寸 lbf/in2 1 lbf/in2=144 lbf/ft2=6894.76Pa         应力、压强、压力：磅力每平方英尺 lbf/ft2 1 lbf/ft2=47.3880 kPa  我就找到这么多抗拉强度单位换算，不太全，可是仍是想拿出来和我们共享一下..... 

热轧是在再结晶温度以上进行的轧制。可以破坏钢锭的铸造组织，细化钢材的晶粒，并消除显微组织的缺陷，从而使钢材组织密实，力学性能得到改善。这种改善主要体现在沿轧制方向上，从而使钢材在一定程度上不再是各向同性体；浇注时形成的气泡、裂纹和疏松，也可在高温和压力作用下被焊合。热轧钢管生产工艺流程 热轧无缝钢管的生产工艺流程包括坯料轧前准备、管坯加热、穿孔、轧制、定减径和钢 管冷却、精整等几个基本工序。 当今热轧无缝钢管生产的一般主要变形工序有三个：穿孔、轧管和定减径；其各自的工 艺目的和要求为： 热轧钢管生产穿孔 将实心的管坯变为空心的毛管；我们可以理解为定型，既将轧件断面定为圆环状；其设 备被称为穿孔机。对穿孔工艺的要求是：首先要保证穿出的毛管壁厚均匀，椭圆度小，几何 尺寸精度高；其次是毛管的内外表面要较光滑，不得有结疤、折叠、裂纹等缺陷；第三是要 有相应的穿孔速度和轧制周期， 以适应整个机组的生产节奏， 使毛管的终轧温度能满足轧管 机的要求。 2.1.2 热轧钢管生产轧管 将厚壁的毛管变为薄壁（接近成品壁厚）的荒管；我们可以视其为定壁，即根据后续的 工序减径量和经验公式确定本工序荒管的壁厚值； 该设备被称为轧管机。 对轧管工艺的要求 是： 第一是将厚壁毛管变成薄壁荒管 （减壁延伸） 时首先要保证荒管具有较高的壁厚均匀度； 其次荒管具有良好的内外表面质量。 2.1.3 热轧钢管生产定减径（包括张减） 大圆变小圆，简称定径；相应的设备为定（减）径机。对定减径工艺的要求是：首先在 一定的总减径率和较小的单机架减径率条件下来达到定径目的， 第二可实现使用一种规格管 坯生产多种规格成品管的任务，第三还可进一步改善钢管的外表面质量。 20 世纪 80 年代末,曾出现过试图取消轧管工序,仅使用穿孔加定减的方法生产无缝钢管, 简称 CPS,即斜轧穿孔和张减的英文缩写),并在南非的 Tosa 厂进行了工业试验,用来生产外径: ３３.４～１７９.８mm，壁厚 3.4～25mm 的钢管，其中定径最小外径为 101.6mm；张减最 大外径我 101.6mm。经过实践检验，该工艺在产生壁厚大于 10mm 的钢管时质量尚可，但 在生产壁厚小于 8mm 的钢管时通过定径、张减不能完全消除穿孔毛管的螺旋线，影响了钢 管的外观质量。在随后的改造中不得不在穿孔机于定减径机之间增设了一台 MINI-MPM(4 机架)来确保产品质量。 2.2 各热轧机组生产工艺过程特点 我们通常将毛管的壁厚加工称之为轧管。轧管是钢管成型过程中最重要的一个工序环 节。 这个环节的主要任务是按照成品钢管的要求将厚壁的毛管减薄至与成品钢管相适应的程 度，即它必须考虑到后继定、减径工序时壁厚的变化，这个环节还要提高毛管的内外表面质 量和壁厚的均匀度。 通过轧管减壁延伸工序后的管子一般称为荒管。 轧管减壁方法的基本特 点是在毛管内按上刚性芯棒，由外部工具（轧辊或模孔）对毛管壁厚进行压缩减壁。依据变 形原理和设备特点的不同，它有许多种生产方法，如表 1 所示。一般习惯根据轧管机的形式 来 命 名 热 轧 机 组 。 轧 管 机 分 单 机 架和 多 机 架 ，单 机 架 有 自动 轧 管 机 、阿 塞 尔 轧 机 、

钢板是钢材四大品种（板、管、型、丝）之一，在发达国家，钢板产量占钢材生产总量50%以上，随着我国国民经济的发展，钢板生产量逐渐增长。    钢板是一种宽厚比和表面积都很大的扁平钢材。钢板按厚度分为薄板和厚板两大规格。    薄钢板是用热轧或冷轧方法生产的厚度在0.2-4mm之间的钢板。薄钢板宽度在500-1400mm之间。根据不同的用途，薄钢板采用不同材质钢坯轧制而成。通常采用材质有普碳钢、优碳钢、合金结构钢、碳素工具钢、不锈钢、弹簧钢和电工用硅钢等。它们主要用于汽车工业、航空工业、搪瓷工业、电气工业、机械工业等部门。薄钢板除轧制后直接交货之外，还有经过酸洗的、镀锌和镀锡等种类。    厚钢板是厚度在4mm以上的钢板的统称，在实际工作中，常将厚度小于20mm的钢板称为中板，厚度＞20mm至60mm的钢板称为厚板，厚度＞60mm的钢板则需在专门的特厚板轧机上轧制，故称特厚板。厚钢板的宽度从0.6mm-3.0mm。厚板按用途又分造船钢板、桥梁钢板、锅炉钢板、高压容器钢板、花纹钢板、汽车钢板、装甲钢板和复合钢板等。    钢板的一个分支是钢带，钢带实际上是很长的薄板，宽度比较小，常成卷供应，也称为带钢。钢带常在多机架连续式轧机上生产，切成定尺长度后就是钢带，因此生产率比单张机制时高。    一、中厚板    （一）普通中厚钢板    1、普碳钢沸腾钢板（GB3274-88）    普碳钢沸腾钢板顾名思义是由普通碳素结构钢的沸腾钢热轧制成的钢板。沸腾钢是一种脱氧不完全的钢材，钢液含氧量较高，当钢水注入钢锭模后，碳氧反应产生大量气体，造成钢液呈沸腾状态而得名。沸腾钢含碳量低，且由于不用硅铁脱氧，故钢中含硅量常＜0.07%。沸腾钢的外层是在沸腾状态下结晶的，所以表层纯净、致密，表面质量好，加工性能良好。沸腾钢没有大的集中缩孔，用脱氧剂少，钢材成本低。沸腾钢心部杂质多，偏析较严重，力学性能不均匀，钢中气体含量较多，韧性低、冷脆和时效敏感性较大，焊接性能较差，故不适用于制造承受冲击截荷，在低温下工作的焊接结构件和其他重要结构件。    沸腾钢板大量用制造各种冲压件、建筑及工程结构和一些不太重要的机器结构和零件。其材质的牌号、化学成分和力学性能符合GB700-79（88）（普通碳素结构钢技术条件）中沸腾钢的规定。热轧中厚钢板厚度为4.5-200mm。生产单位主要有鞍钢、武钢、马钢、太钢、重庆钢厂、邯郸钢铁总厂、新余钢厂、柳州钢厂、安阳钢钢公司、营口中板厂和天津钢厂等。    2、普碳钢镇静钢板（GB3274-88）    普碳镇静钢钢板是由普通碳素结构钢镇静钢坯热轧制成的钢板。镇静钢是脱氧完全的钢，钢液在注锭前用锰铁、硅铁和铝等进行充分脱氧，钢液在钢锭模中较平静，不产生沸腾状态，故得名为镇静钢。镇静钢的优点是化学成分均匀，所以各部分的机械性能也均匀，焊接性能和塑性良好、抗腐蚀性较强。但表面质量较差，有集中缩孔，成本也较高。    普通镇静钢板主要用于生产在低温下承受冲击的构件、焊接结构及其他要求较高强度的结构件。其材质的牌号、化学成分和力学性能符合GB700-79（88）（普通碳素结构钢技术条件）中镇静钢的规定。钢板的规格尺寸厚度4.5-200mm。生产单位主要有鞍钢、武钢、舞阳钢铁公司、马钢、太钢、重庆钢厂、邯郸钢铁总厂、新余钢厂、柳州钢厂、安阳钢铁公司、天津钢厂、营口中板厂、上钢一、三厂、韶关钢铁厂和济南钢铁厂等。    3、低合金结构钢板（GB3274-88）    低合金结构钢板是由低合金结构钢热轧制成的。低合金钢板都是镇静钢和半镇静钢板。其优点是强度较高、性能较好、能节省大量钢材、减轻结构重量等。低合金结构钢板越来越广泛用于机械制造和金属结构件等。热轧钢板厚度为4.5-200mm。生产单位包括鞍钢、武钢、舞阳钢铁公司、马钢、重庆钢厂、新余钢厂、柳州钢厂、昆明钢铁公司、天津钢厂、韶关特钢厂、安阳钢铁公司、上钢一、三厂和太钢等。    4、一般结构用热连轧钢板（GB2517-81）    主要用于建筑、桥梁、车辆等一般结构。钢板（带）厚度从1.2-13.0mm；宽度从700-1550mm；长度从2000-12000mm。    5、焊接结构用耐候钢板（GB4172-84）    耐候钢即耐大气腐蚀钢。焊接结构用耐候钢是在钢中加入少量的合金元素，如钢、铬、镍、钼、铌、钛、锆和钒等，使其在金属基体表面形成保护层，以提高钢材的耐候性，以及良好的焊接性能。主要用于桥梁、建筑及其他结构。    6、高耐候性结构钢钢板（GB4171-84）    耐候钢即耐大气腐蚀济。在钢中加入少量合金元素，如钢、磷、铬、镍、钼铌、钛、锆和钒等，使在金属基体表面形成保护层面提高钢材的耐候性能。主要适用于建筑、车辆、塔架和其他结构件。    7、花纹钢板（GB3277-82）    花纹钢板是其表面具有菱形或扁豆形突棱的钢板。其规格以其本身厚度（突棱的厚度不计）表示。花纹板具有防滑作用，常用作地板、厂房扶梯、工作架踏板、船舶甲板和汽车底板等。花纹板的材质用普通碳素结构钢的B1、B2和B3牌号钢轧制而成，其化学成分符合GB700-79（普通碳素结构钢技术条件）的规定。生产单位主要有鞍钢和安阳钢铁公司等。    8、桥梁用钢板（YB168-70）    桥梁钢板是专用于架造铁路或公路桥梁的钢板。要求有较高的强度、韧性以及承受机车车辆的载荷和冲击，且要有良好的抗疲劳性、一定的低温韧性和耐大气腐蚀性。拴焊桥梁用钢还应具有良好的焊接性能和低的缺口敏感性。主要用于铁路桥和公路桥其跨度在46-160mm之间的结构件。其规格：厚度从6-50mm、宽度从1.0-2.4mm、长度从2.0-16mm。我国生产桥梁用钢板主要有鞍钢、武钢、上钢三厂和重庆钢厂等单位。    9、船体结构用钢板（GB712-88）    船体结构用钢板简称船用板。由于船舶工作环境恶劣，船体壳要受海水的化学腐蚀、电化学腐蚀和海生物、微生物的腐蚀；船体承受较大的风浪冲击和交变负荷；船舶形状使其加工方法复杂等因素、所以对船体结构用钢要求严格。首先良好的韧性是最关键的要求，此外，要求有较高的强度，良好的耐腐蚀性能、焊接性能，加工成型性能以及表面质量。为保质量和保证有足够的韧性，要求化学成分的Mn/C在2.5以上，对碳当量也有严格要求，并由船检部门认可的钢厂生产。船体用结构钢分一般厚度和高强度钢两种，一般强度钢按质量分A、B、C和D四个等级；高强度钢又分两个强度级别和三个质量等级；AH32、DH32、EH32、AH36、DH36、EH36。    船体结构用钢板主要用于制造远洋、沿海和内河航运船舶的船体、甲板等的钢板。产品规格：厚度4.5-50mm、宽度1.0-2.2mm、长度4.0-12.0m。我国主要由武钢、马钢、上钢一、三厂、太钢、昆明钢铁公司和天津钢厂等生产。    10、锅炉用钢板（GB713-86）    按用途分，锅炉分工业锅炉和电站锅炉用两大类。工业锅炉通常是工业企业用于供热，属小型锅炉，其所用钢材为普通碳素结构钢和低合金结构钢。电站锅炉属大、中型锅炉，对钢材质量有特殊要求，一般要求具有优良综合性能的合金钢来制造。主要用于制作固定锅炉、船体锅炉及其他锅炉重要附件。钢板厚度从6-120mm。生产单位主要有鞍钢、武钢、上钢三厂、舞阳钢铁公司、柳州钢厂、重庆钢厂、太钢、昆明钢铁公司等生产。