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钢板冲压成型百科

铝材冲压分析及冲压油选择要点

2019-01-09 11:26:51

通常是先加工成铸造品、锻造品以及箔、板、带、管、棒、型材等后,再经冷弯、锯切、钻孔、拼装、上色等工序而制成。    铝元素的化学性质相对比较活泼,容易与酸、碱发生化学反应从而出现腐蚀、锈点、发黑、发霉。铝材质目前在汽车发动机、变速器、航空设备和其它机械设备行业被广泛使用,因此对铝材冲压加工专用冲压油的需求日益增长,冲压油产品提供了铝材加工时速度和大进料比所要求的良好润滑性和冷却性,可延长刀具的使用寿命。    综合上面所述,铝及其合金冲压油的选择非常重要,必须保证良好的润滑性、冷却性、过滤性和防锈性,因此可用于铝及其合金加工的冲压油与普通的冲压油有所不同,选择一款合适的冲压油是十分必要的。    铝材冲压油的选择    冲压拉伸油属于金属加工油,适用于超高强度拉伸成型、拉管冲压成型及冲剪、拉削等。冲压拉伸油分为:水溶性冲压拉伸油、金属冲压拉伸油、铝材冲压拉深油。    1、冲压拉伸油的润滑性:这是拉延油较重要性能,润滑性不好,会导致工件破裂、板材与金属产生烧结、产品出现划伤,模具磨损严重,降低模具寿命。    2、冲压拉伸油的冷却性:冲压加工产生热量的原因很多,模具与材料间的摩擦热及材料塑性变形热都以加工热的形式表现出来。特别是加工形状复杂的零件或塑性变形阻力大的材料时,产生的热量更大,长时间连续进行这种加工时,要是不除去或不抑制这种热量,热量就蓄积到模具上,使模具温度继续上升,模具进一步膨胀,凸模与凹模之间的间隙就会减少,摩擦及施加给材料上的应力就会增大,局部产生高温,导致润滑膜破裂,从而造成烧结、拉伤和破裂等故障。在这种情况下,通过使用水溶性冲压油剂,能够抑制产生的热量,特别是高速连续动作加工和高速连续自动化加工领域以及不锈钢的拉深加工或易拉罐的高速加工等,多使用冷却性好的水容性冲压油剂。    3、冲压拉伸油的防锈性:冲压加工后的零件,一般要原封不动放置很长时间,为了使其在放置期间不生锈,要求拉延油具有良好的防锈性。因为冲压加工用润滑油吸附性很强,在金属表面保持着难以破坏的油膜,所以一般就具有防锈效果。但其效果的大小是根据润滑油的性质和加工条件的不同而不同,另外也根据零件放置环境不同而不同,因此在环境恶劣和存放时间长时,对油品防锈性要求更高。    4、冲压拉伸油的带油焊接性:为了简化工序提高生产效率,要求拉延油具有不必清洗可以带油焊接的性能。有时由于拉延油的附着,在焊接的地方生锈。有的油在焊接时产生有害气体以及影响焊接强度。冲压加工后带油焊接时不发生上述问题,这对拉延油来说是非常重要的。    5、冲压拉伸油的脱脂性(易清洗性):附着在冲压件上拉延油,通过采用确实可以洗净的洗涤剂和洗涤方法来进行清洗时,洗涤成本低廉,并且用很短时间就能脱脂,这也是重要特性之一。冲压件清洗不干净,会影响后工序的喷漆和电镀。    6、冲压拉伸油的操作性:冲压加工前,把拉延油涂刷到加工板材上的操作需要时间和劳力,有损于生产效率,因此这个操作容易进行也成为对拉延油要求的一个性质。特别是对于大尺寸零件,这个性质尤为重要,如果从操作性来看,应尽量采用低粘度的拉延油。    对于冲压成型加工来说,在冲压过程中会产生大量的热量,热量可使工件发生变形,严重影响到工件的精度。因此选择冲压油时既要考虑润滑和冷却性能外还要考虑到冲压油的极压抗磨,如选择的切削极压抗磨性能过低,那么材质可能造成成型不佳的效果。因此对于精冲压成型或超精冲压成型加工选用极压抗磨性能好的冲压油。    在冲压油的选择方面除了要考虑冲压油的润滑性、冷却性等性能外,还要考虑冲压油的防锈性、成本和易维护等方面的性能。冲压油易选用粘度相对较低的基础油加入减磨添加剂,这样既可达到润滑减摩,也可有很好冷却和易过虑性。但是冲压油存在的问题是闪点低,在冲压成型时温度高,易变形,危险系数较高,而且挥发快,用户使用成本相应变高,因此在条件允许的景况下尽量选用抗压抗磨性高的冲压油。    铝材冲压油的使用与维护    (1)铝材冲压油应贮存于阴凉干燥处并保持容器密闭,避免水与杂质的混入,贮存温度不要超出60°C。    (2)为确保冲压效果,不能和其它油脂混合使用,严禁混入其它杂物。

镀铝钢板

2019-03-18 11:00:17

aluminium coated sheet    一种将纯铝或含硅5%~10%的铝合金镀在碳钢板上制成的表面处理钢板。   镀铝钢板生产方法有热镀法、电泳法和真空蒸镀法。热镀法应用最广,因其比较经济。电泳法是将铝粉用电泳的方法均匀地镀覆在钢板表面,经小变形量的轧制使其相互紧密结合,再经500~700℃烧结处理。真空蒸镀法是在低温、真空度为0.0133Pa下进行的,其铝膜纯度高、致密,无针孔,因此耐蚀性能好。   镀铝钢板具有良好的抗高温氧化性,可在450℃下长期使用而不变色,最高使用温度可达750℃。还具有优异的耐大气腐蚀性,特别是能耐含SO2,H2S,CO2等工业大气的腐蚀,是镀锌钢板耐蚀性的3~6倍。多用于汽车排气系统、耐热器具、建筑材料等。 镀铝钢板的性质  镀铝板其价格为不锈钢的三分之一,是降低成本的好材料.  镀铝钢板可广泛用于:  汽车工业:消声器、排气管、油箱、隔热罩、反应器部件和歧管罩等。  建筑、农用矿山机械:柴油机消声器和隔热罩、剪草机和其它园林机械消声器等。  家用产品:烤箱、微波炉、电饭煲、多功能煲、慢炖锅、烤面包机、电热水器、电热水瓶、消毒柜、空调机、热交换器、电暧器、灯饰等。  厨房用具:煎锅、烧水壶、烤盘等。  户外产品:烧烤炉、炭炉、集/排烟口、烟窗。  因为镀铝钢板具有如下特点:  1、镀铝钢板具有极佳的耐高温性(550度)。  2、镀铝钢板可反射80%的入射热量。  3、镀铝钢板的机械强度与其基材的机械强度一致。  4、镀铝钢板对化学腐蚀有极强的耐蚀性。  5、可进行拉伸、冲压、拉管等成形加工。  6、可用标准 MAG 和TIG 焊接加工。  7、可直接接触食物。

厚钢板

2019-03-18 11:00:17

厚钢板是指厚度大于3毫米的钢板。厚钢板分为特厚钢板和中厚钢板。特厚钢板是指厚度不小于50毫米的钢板。特厚钢板主要用于造船、锅炉、桥梁和高压容器壳体等。中厚钢板是指厚度大于3毫米、小于5O毫米的钢板。中厚钢板主要用于造船、锅炉、桥梁、装甲和高压容器壳体等。       中厚钢板:厚度大于4mm的钢板属于中厚钢板。其中,厚度4.5-25.0mm的钢板称为中厚板, 厚度25.0-100.0mm的称为厚板,厚度超过100.0mm的为特厚板。     中厚板主要用途有哪些?     答:建筑工程、机械制造、容器制造、造船、桥梁等。     普通中厚板用途:广泛用来制造各种容器、炉壳、炉板、桥梁及汽车静钢钢板、低合金钢钢板、桥梁用钢板、造般钢板、锅炉钢板、压力容器钢板、花纹钢板、汽车大梁钢板、拖拉机某些零件及焊接构件。     桥梁用钢板用于大型铁路桥梁。要求承受动载荷、冲击、震动、耐蚀等。     造船钢板:用于制造海洋及内河船舶船体。要求强度高、塑性、韧性、冷弯性能、焊接性能、耐蚀性能都好。     锅炉钢板:用于制造各种锅炉及重要附件,由于锅炉钢板处于中温(350°C以下)高压状态下工作,除承受较高压力外,还受到冲击,疲劳载荷及水和气腐蚀,要求保证一定强度,还要有良好的焊接及冷弯性能。     压力容器用钢板:主要用于制造石油、化工气体分离和气体储运的压力容器或其它类似设备,一般工作压力在常压到320kg/cm2甚至到630kg/cm2,温度在-20-450°C范围内工作,要求容器钢板除具有一定强度和良好塑性和韧性外,还必须有较好冷弯和焊接性能。     汽车大梁钢,用于制造汽车大梁(纵梁、横梁)用厚度为2.5-12.0mm的低合金热轧钢板。由汽车大梁形状复杂,除要求较高强度和冷弯性能外,要求冲压性能好。1、按品质分类(1) 普通钢(P≤0.045%,S≤0.050%)(2) 优质钢(P、S均≤0.035%)(3) 高级优质钢(P≤0.035%,S≤0.030%)2.、按化学成份分类(1) 碳素钢:a.低碳钢(C≤0.25%);b.中碳钢(C≤0.25~0.60%);c.高碳钢(C≤0.60%)。(2) 合金钢:a.低合金钢(合金元素总含量≤5%);b.中合金钢(合金元素总含量>5~10%);c.高合金钢(合金元素总含量>10%)。3、按成形方法分类:(1) 锻钢;(2) 铸钢;(3) 热轧钢;(4) 冷拉钢。4、按金相组织分类(1) 退火状态的:a.亚共析钢(铁素体+珠光体);b.共析钢(珠光体);c.过共析钢(珠光体+渗碳体);d.莱氏体钢(珠光体+渗碳体)。(2) 正火状态的:a.珠光体钢;b.贝氏体钢;c.马氏体钢;d.奥氏体钢。(3) 无相变或部分发生相变的5、按用途分类(1) 建筑及工程用钢:a.普通碳素结构钢;b.低合金结构钢;c.钢筋钢。(2) 结构钢a.机械制造用钢:(a)调质结构钢;(b)表面硬化结构钢:包括渗碳钢、渗钢、表面淬火用钢;(c)易切结构钢;(d)冷塑性成形用钢:包括冷冲压用钢、冷镦用钢。b.弹簧钢c.轴承钢(3) 工具钢:a.碳素工具钢;b.合金工具钢;c.高速工具钢。(4) 特殊性能钢:a.不锈耐酸钢;b.耐热钢:包括抗氧化钢、热强钢、气阀钢;c.电热合金钢;d.耐磨钢;e.低温用钢;f.电工用钢。(5) 专业用钢——如桥梁用钢、船舶用钢、锅炉用钢、压力容器用钢、农机用钢等。6、综合分类(1)普通钢a.碳素结构钢:(a) Q195;(b) Q215(A、B);(c) Q235(A、B、C);(d) Q255(A、B);(e) Q275。b.低合金结构钢c.特定用途的普通结构钢(2)优质钢(包括高级优质钢)a.结构钢:(a)优质碳素结构钢;(b)合金结构钢;(c)弹簧钢;(d)易切钢;(e)轴承钢;(f)特定用途优质结构钢。b.工具钢:(a)碳素工具钢;(b)合金工具钢;(c)高速工具钢。c.特殊性能钢:(a)不锈耐酸钢;(b)耐热钢;(c)电热合金钢;(d)电工用钢;(e)高锰耐磨钢。7、按冶炼方法分类(1) 按炉种分a.平炉钢:(a)酸性平炉钢;(b)碱性平炉钢。b.转炉钢:(a)酸性转炉钢;(b)碱性转炉钢。或 (a)底吹转炉钢;(b)侧吹转炉钢;(c)顶吹转炉钢。c. 电炉钢:(a)电弧炉钢;(b)电渣炉钢;(c)感应炉钢;(d)真空自耗炉钢;(e)电子束炉钢。(2)按脱氧程度和浇注制度分a.沸腾钢;b.半镇静钢;c.镇静钢;d.特殊镇静钢。

弹簧钢冲压

2019-03-18 10:05:23

钢是含碳量在0.04%~2.3%之间的铁碳合金。为了保证其韧性和塑性,含碳量一般不超过1.7%。钢的主要元素除铁、碳外,还有硅、锰、硫、磷等。钢的分类方法多种多样,其主要方法有如下七种: 1.按品质分类 (1)普通钢(P≤0.045%,S≤0.050%) (2)优钢材质钢(P、S均≤0.035%) (3)高级优质钢(P≤0.035%,S≤0.030%) 2.按化学成份分类 (1)碳素钢:a.低碳钢(C≤0.25%);b.中碳钢(C≤0.25~0.60%);c.高碳钢(C≤0.60%)。 (2)合金钢:a.低合金钢(合金元素总含量≤5%);b.中合金钢(合金元素总含量为5~10%);c.高合金钢(合金元素总含量>10%)。 弹簧钢冲压3.钢材按成形方法分类:(1)锻钢;(2)铸钢;(3)热轧钢;(4)冷拉钢。 4.钢材按金相组织分类 (1)退火状态的:a.亚共析钢(铁素体+珠光体);b.共析钢(珠光体);c.过共钢材析钢(珠光体+渗碳体);d.莱氏体钢(珠光体+渗碳体)。 (2)正火状态的:a.珠光体钢;b.贝氏体钢;c.马氏体钢;d.奥氏体钢。 (3)钢材无相变或部分发生相变的 5.按用途分类 (1)建筑及工程用钢:a.普通碳素结构钢;b.低合金结构钢;c.钢筋钢。 (2)结构钢:a.机械制造用钢:(a)优质结构钢 (b)表面硬化结构钢:包括渗碳钢、渗钢、表面淬火用钢 (c)易切结构钢 (d)冷塑性成形用钢:包括冷冲压用钢、冷镦用钢; b.弹簧钢;c.轴承钢。 (3)工具钢:a.碳素工具钢;b.合金工具钢;c.高速工具钢。 (4)特殊性能钢:a.不锈耐酸钢;b.耐热钢:包括抗氧化钢、热强钢、气阀钢;c.电热合金钢;d.耐磨钢;e.低温用钢;f.电工用钢。 (5)专业用钢——如桥梁用钢、船舶用钢、锅炉用钢、压力容器用钢、农机用钢等。 6.综合分类 (1)普通钢 a.碳素结构钢:(a)Q195 (b)Q215(A、B) (c)Q235(A、B、C) (d)Q255(A、B) (e) Q275;b.低合金结构钢;c.特定用途的普通结构钢。 (2)优质钢(包括高级优质钢):a.结构钢:(a)优质碳素结构钢 (b)合金结构钢 (c)弹簧钢 (d)易切钢 (e)轴承钢 (f)特定用途优质结构钢;b.工具钢:(a)碳素工具钢 (b)合金工具钢 (c)高速工具钢;c.特殊性能钢:(a)不锈耐酸钢 (b)耐热钢 (c)电热合金钢 (d)电工用钢 (e)高锰耐磨钢。 7.按冶炼方法分类 (1)按炉种分:a.平炉钢:(a)酸性平炉钢 (b)碱性平炉钢;b.转炉钢:(a)酸性转炉钢 (b)碱性转炉钢[或(a)底吹转炉钢 (b)侧吹转炉钢 (c)顶吹转炉钢];c.电炉钢:(a)电弧炉钢 (b)电渣炉钢 (c)感应炉钢 (d)真空自耗炉钢 (e)电子束炉钢。 (2)钢材按脱氧程度和浇注温度分:a.沸腾钢;b.半镇静钢;c.镇静钢;d.特殊镇静钢。 钢铁炼成分: 1. ----采矿(获得铁矿石) 2. ----选矿(将铁矿石破碎、磁选成铁精粉) 3. ---烧结(将铁精粉烧结成具有一定强度、粒度的烧结矿) 4. ---冶炼(将烧结矿运送至高炉,热风、焦碳使烧结矿还原成铁水,并脱硫) 5. ---炼钢(在转炉内高压氧气将铁水脱磷、去除夹杂,变成钢水) 6. ---精练(进一步脱磷、去除夹杂,提高纯净度) 7. ---连铸(热状态下将钢水铸成具有一定形状的连铸坯) 8. ---轧钢(将连铸坯轧制成用户要求的各种型号的钢材,如板材、线材、管材等)。

钨铜成型

2019-05-30 18:05:26

 钨铜成型  1.电阻焊电极:归纳了钨和铜的优势,耐高温、耐电弧烧蚀、强度高、比严重、导电、导热性好,易于切削制作,并具有发汗冷却等  特性,因为具有钨的高硬度、高熔点、抗粘附的特色,常常用来做有必定耐磨性、抗高温的凸焊、对焊电极。  2.电火花电极:针对钨钢、耐高温超硬合金制造的模具需电蚀时,普通电极损耗大,速度慢。而钨铜高的电腐蚀速度,低的损耗率,  准确的电极形状,优秀的制作功能,能确保被制作件的准确度大大提高。  3.高压放电管电极:高压真空放电管在作业时,触头材料会在零点几秒的的时间内温度升高几千摄氏度。而钨铜高的抗烧蚀功能、高  耐性,杰出的导电、导热功能给放电管安稳的作业供给必要的条件。  4.电子封装材料:既有钨的低胀大特性,又具有铜的高导热特性,其热胀大系数和导电导热性能够经过调整材料的成分而加以改动,

锅炉钢板

2019-03-18 11:00:17

锅炉钢板主要是指用来制造过热器、主蒸汽管和锅炉火室受热面用的热轧中厚板材料,主要材质有优质结构钢及低合金耐热钢,常用的锅炉钢有平炉冶炼的低碳镇静钢或电炉冶炼的低碳钢,含碳量Wc在0.16%-0.26%范围内。由于锅炉钢板处于中温(350ºC以下)高压状态下工作,除承受较高压力外,还受到冲击,疲劳载荷及水和气的腐蚀,对锅炉钢的性能要求主要是有良好的焊接及冷弯性能、一定的高温强度和耐碱性腐蚀、耐氧化等。    锅炉及压力容器用板主要钢号及执行标准    (1)锅炉板主要钢号有:20g、16Mng、15CrMoVg、19Mng、22Mng    (2)压力容器用板主要钢号有:20R、16MnR、15MnNbR、15MnVNR    (3)执行标准:GB713-1997、GB6654-1996    锅炉及压力容器用板的主要用途    锅炉钢板广泛应用于石油、化工、电站、锅炉等行业,用于制作反应器、换热器、分离器、球罐、油气罐、液化气罐、核能反应堆压力壳、锅炉汽包、液化瓶、水电站高压水管、水轮涡壳等设备及构件 锅炉钢板是锅炉制造中非常关键的材料之一。超临界火电机组锅炉的发展,对锅炉钢板的性能提出了更高的要求。锅炉新材料的应用是由材料标准作为载体而实施的。对比分析我国标准与美国ASME 材料标准之间存在的差距,制定适合我国火电机组发展的先进的锅炉钢板标准,应是发展方向。关键词: 锅炉钢板;性能;标准;ASME; 超临界中图分类号: TG335. 5  文献标识码:B  文章编号: 1003 -0514(2005)04 -0037 -05  The comparison and development of the standard of Chinese and American boiler plate  ZHANG Xian( Babcock & Wilcox Beijing Company , Beijing 100001 , China )HUANG Ying( China Metallurgical Information & Standardization Research Institute , Beijing 100730 , China ) Abstract : Boiler plate is the important material of making boiler. The development of boiler of supercritical thermal power generator makes the claim for the capability of boiler plate. The application of the new material takes effect on the basis of material standard as a carrier. Compare and analyse the differences between Chinese and American ASME materials and de2 velop the boiler plate standard fit for our thermal power generator networks.  Key words : boilerplate; capability; standard;ASME; supercritical  0  前言临界火电技术的最现实的途径,但是只有充分了解掌 近年来火电机组向大型化、高参数化发展的趋势握国际上那些技术成熟的新材料,并将其纳入我国电日益明显,超临界参数的火电机组已经在我国大量设站锅炉用钢标准,建立适合我国火电机组发展的先进计建造。作为火电机组三大主机之一的锅炉,对其所的锅炉用钢体系,促进新型锅炉用钢国产化,才是发使用钢的耐高温高压、耐腐蚀、性能稳定等方面提出展我国超临界火电机组的关键。了更高的要求。新型锅炉用钢的研制、开发与应用, 锅炉钢板是锅炉制造中非常关键的材料之一,主一直是火电机组发展所面临的重大课题,各国均投入要是指用来制造锅炉中的锅壳、锅筒、集箱端盖、支吊了大量的人力、物力从事相关的研究工作。架等重要部件用的热轧专用碳素钢和低合金耐热钢 我国火电机组锅炉用钢的开发,近几十年来几乎中厚钢板材料。锅炉钢板常常处于中、高温和高压状处于完全停滞状态。目前超临界火电机组,甚至包括态下工作,除承受较高温度和压力外,还受到冲击,疲部分亚临界机组锅炉中的许多关键材料完全依赖进劳载荷及水和气的腐蚀,工作条件较差。如果锅炉在口。新材料的开发和应用是锅炉制造取得技术进步使用过程中发生破坏性事故,将会造成严重的损失。的基础,新材料是由材料标准和技术条件作为载体而因此锅炉钢板必须具有良好的物理性能、力学性能和实施的。虽然从国外购买先进材料是现阶段发展超可加工性,并在材料标准的技术条款中给予严格的规   收稿日期:2005-06-20 作者简介:张显,高级工程师,1985 年毕业于合肥工业大学材料工程系,现工作于北京巴威公司工程部。 . 1995-2005 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.  定,以满足其使用中的安全。 美国机械工程师协会(ASME) 负责制订、颁布和实施的锅炉压力容器技术规范,它不仅是统一的美国国家标准, 同时也是国际公认的标准法规系统。ASME 规范第II 卷材料篇,主要引用了美国材料试验学会(ASTM) 的相应材料标准和材料试验标准。在ASME 规范中允许使用的材料一般来说必须按照第II 卷的材料标准供货。因此,只有认真研究ASME 材料标准,并与我国锅炉钢板标准进行对比与分析,找出之间的差距,才能建立适合我国超临界火电机组发展的完善的锅炉用钢板标准和标准体系。 1  常用锅炉钢板及性能要求 从材料上来分,锅炉钢板可分为专用碳素钢板和低合金耐热钢板两类。锅炉钢板所用的材料对化学成分,特别是对磷、硫等有害元素和铬、镍、铜等残余元素有严格的控制;冶炼时还应进行良好的脱氧和去除非金属夹杂物,以保证良好的塑性和韧性;组织结构要求均匀,晶粒度控制在一定范围内(通常希望晶粒度在3~7 级之间);对表面质量和内部缺陷也有严格的要求;此外常温和高温力学性能必须保证。 根据工作条件不同,锅炉钢板又可分为制造室温及中温承压部件钢板和制造高温承压部件钢板两大类。 室温及中温(蠕变温度以下) 用锅炉钢板,大多采用碳素钢,包括碳钢、碳锰钢、碳锰硅钢等,即GB713  -1997 锅炉用钢板中的20g 、22Mng 、16Mng 、19Mng 钢,以及美国ASME SA -515ΠSA -515M 中高温压力容器用碳钢板、SA-299ΠSA -299M 压力容器用碳锰硅钢板等。主要用于制造锅炉的锅筒、中温以下集箱端盖等承压部件。要求其应具有较高的室温强度;良好的冲击韧性和较低的缺口敏感性;由于锅筒等部件在加工时需要大量的冷变形,因此还要具有良好的时效韧性;另外还要具备良好的加工工艺性和焊接性能;以及良好的低倍组织等。 高温(蠕变温度以上) 用锅炉钢板,一般采用低合金耐热钢,常用有铬钼钢、铬钼钒钢、铬钼钨钢等。例如GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板中的15CrMog 、12Cr1MoVg , 以及美国ASME SA -387ΠSA387 -M 压力容器用铬-钼合金钢板中的Gr22 、Gr91 和ASME SA -1017ΠSA1017 -M 压力容器用铬-钼-钨合金钢板中的Gr23 、Gr911 、Gr122 钢等。主要是用以制造高温集箱封头端盖、蒸汽管道堵板等高温承压部件。要求 其必须具有足够的高温持久强度和持久塑性;良好的高温组织稳定性;良好的高温抗氧化性(耐热性);以及良好的冷热加工工艺性(主要指冷弯变形和可焊接性) 等。 2  锅炉钢板标准对比分析 对锅炉制造行业来说,ASME 无疑是世界上最权威、最先进、最完善的建造规范。我国的锅炉行业在引进超临界火电机组锅炉的制造技术时,几乎无一例外的采用了美国机械工程师协会(ASME) 制订、颁布和实施的锅炉压力容器技术规范。 现阶段我国的锅炉钢板标准体系分为通用标准和产品标准两层,通用标准包括GBΠT247 钢板和钢带检验、包装、标志及质量证明书的一般规定和GBΠ T14977 热轧钢板表面质量的一般要求两个标准,产品标准仅GB713 锅炉用钢板1 个标准。另外我国还有一个压力容器钢板标准GB6654 压力容器用钢板, 但因为其与大型火电机组锅炉用钢板的要求相距甚远,因此不适合高压以上大型火电机组锅炉上使用。 美国ASME 规范第II 卷材料A 篇(铁基材料) 中, 有关锅炉和压力容器用钢板标准共约44 个,虽然在标准名称上都称作“压力容器用钢板”,但在每一个标准中的第一部分“适用范围”中,对本标准适用于锅炉还是压力容器,都做了明确的规定。所以适用于锅炉用钢板的标准大约有9 个,按体系也可以分为两层, 即通用标准1 个SA-20ΠSA-20M 压力容器用钢板通用要求和产品标准8 个SA-202ΠSA -202M 压力容器用铬锰硅合金钢板、SA-204ΠSA -204M 压力容器用钼合金钢板、SA-299ΠSA -299M 压力容器用碳锰硅钢板、SA-302ΠSA -302M 压力容器用锰钼和锰钼镍合金钢板、SA-387ΠSA -387M 压力容器用铬钼合金钢板、SA-515ΠSA -515M 中高温压力容器用碳钢板、SA-516ΠSA -516M 常低温压力容器用碳钢板、SA -1017ΠSA -1017M 压力容器用铬钼钨合金钢板。另外所有ASME 材料的物理性能、使用温度和许用应力等数据,都集中放在ASME 规范第II 卷D 篇材料性能当中,使用和查找十分便利。 通过对比ASME 锅炉钢板标准及体系可以看出, 我国锅炉钢板产品标准GB713 锅炉用钢板中,将不同品种和不同使用要求的锅炉钢板,以及锅炉钢板的一般性能和高温特殊性能等都放在一起表述,篇幅烦琐,对锅炉钢板的性能要求体现不够。ASME 锅炉钢板标准的制订是按材料加以区分的,每一类材料制订  第4 期               中美锅炉钢板标准的对比及发展 一个标准。标准内容除了规定了这一类材料的基本性能外,对具体用途和注意事项,以及协议条款等,在标准中都有非常详细的规定,充分体现了对锅炉钢板的性能要求,技术性突出,贸易性明显。标准体系和内容非常清晰,让人一目了然。用户在选择和使用上也很方便。 因此,现阶段我国的锅炉钢板标准及体系应加大力度重新予以制修订,以适应先进的超临界锅炉技术的发展对锅炉钢板的要求。 3  锅炉钢板标准发展探讨 上世纪80~90 年代,我国电力制造行业成功地引进了亚临界参数锅炉技术。为适应亚临界压力以下锅炉对锅炉钢板的要求,由鞍山钢铁集团公司、冶金工业信息标准研究院等单位,对GB713 -86 锅炉用碳素钢和低合金钢钢板进行了重新修订。新修订并一直沿用至今的锅炉钢板标准为GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板。在这个版本中,除了20g 和16Mng , 新增加了用于制造锅筒的19Mng (等同于德国标准19Mn6) 、22Mng (等同于美国标准SA299) 、13MnNiCrMoNbg (等同于德国标准BHW355) 等三个牌号,以及用于高温集箱端盖及支吊架等部件的15CrMog 、12Cr1MoVg 两个耐热钢牌号,其他内容也做了一定的修改。新修订的GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板,不仅基本上满足了亚临界压力以下锅炉锅筒、集箱端盖及其支吊件的要求, 为我国电力事业的发展做出了突出贡献,而且还带动了我国钢铁行业的技术进步和产品质量的提高。 进入本世纪以来,随着世界上超临界参数火电机组的发展,我国也开始引进并大量设计制造超临界参数火电机组。超临界火电机组锅炉大多采用直流循环,螺旋炉膛,用汽水分离器替代了锅筒汽包,锅炉中集箱的温度和压力更高,更多的使用一些新型的、性能优异的耐热合金钢。由于对锅炉钢板的性能提出了新的要求,因此一直沿用的GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板标准,其中的一些内容和技术指标,无论是与国外先进水平标准相比,还是与锅炉行业发展的相关要求相比,均存在着一定的差距,主要体现在下述几个方面:  3. 1  标准水平 锅炉钢板产品标准GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板,采用国际先进标准力度远远不够,标准水平只达到了国际一般水平。由于锅炉钢板标准属于重要用途的产品标准,安全可靠性要求严格,制造技术难度高,而且产量比较大。随着我国钢铁行业的生产技术和产品质量的不断提高,锅炉钢板标准应继续采用国际先进标准,加强采标力度,不断提高标准水平。 由于我国锅炉钢板产品标准只有一个,因此可以按照ASME 规范第II 卷D 篇材料性能的模式,制订一份有关我国锅炉钢板材料力学性能和物理性能的通用标准,也可以将这些材料性能完全放在产品标准GB713 中,包括锅炉设计选材时必须用到的高温规定非比例延伸强度(Rp0. 2) 、高温持久强度等力学性能, 以及常用的热膨胀系数、弹性模量等物理性能。另外如有可能,还可参照ASME 的方法,按不同材料、用途和性能,将锅炉用钢板标准细分成若干个标准(如专用碳素钢板、低合金耐热钢板等),以适应用户的需要和应用。 3. 2  外形尺寸 由于我国钢铁行业技术和装备水平的制约,锅炉用的宽厚钢板还几乎无法生产。GB713 仅适用于厚度6~150mm 的范围,而亚临界锅炉锅筒用的钢板厚度一般都在160~210mm 之间,只能依靠进口解决。我们只有提高那些重要用途、技术含量高的产品标准的水平,才有利于带动整个钢铁工业技术进步和产品质量提高,才能最终实现国产化,摆脱进口的束缚。 近年来,钢铁行业在国家良好的经济发展形式下,正大幅度的提高整体技术和装备水平。“十五”规划建设的宝钢5 000mm 宽厚板轧机工程项目,建成投产后其生产的锅炉钢板厚度可达到5~400mm 。作为我国第一套现代化的特宽幅宽厚板轧机,它的建设将带动我国宽厚板生产技术的跳跃式发展,对提升我国宽厚板产品档次,增强我国的综合国力,将发挥积极作用。我们应抓住国内钢铁技术和锅炉制造技术取得突破性进步这个机会,将新技术和新要求纳入锅炉钢板标准,并向国际先进水平标准靠拢,提高我国锅炉钢板标准的技术水平。 3. 3  材料牌号 材料标准和技术条件是材料应用的载体。随着火电机组参数的提高,锅炉制造水平不断进步,ASME 会随着每三年一次修订和每年的增补, 根据建造ASME 规范产品的需要和冶金技术的发展,适当地在原有钢种基础上新纳入和增加代表当今世界最新材料技术水平的新型材料。例如,为适应超临界锅炉集箱封头端盖和支吊架等部件对耐热钢板的要求,最新的2004 版ASME 规范第II 卷材料A 篇中,新制订了SA -1017ΠSA -1017M 压力容器用铬-钼-钨合金钢板标准。我国锅炉用钢板标准在新型材料的纳标上炉钢板材料几乎没有纳入。显得滞后,往往跟不上锅炉制造技术的发展,现行的GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板与ASME 锅炉钢板标GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板已经使用了8 年之久,材料准中材料牌号之间的对比,见表1 所示。品种偏少,供用户选择的余地小,特别是高温用的锅 表1  GB713 与ASME 锅炉钢板材料牌号对比 品种 材料 GB713   标准 材料 ASME   标准  碳锰钢 -16Mng   GB713 -1997 锅炉用钢板 SA516 -55 SA516 -60   SA -516ΠSA -516M 常低温压力容器用碳钢板  - SA516 -65   19Mng   SA516 -70   20g - SA515 -60 SA515 -65   SA -515ΠSA -515M 中高温压力容器用碳钢板  22Mng   SA515 -70   锰铬锰钼钢 22Mng ---13MnNiMoNbg   SA -299 SA -202 GrA 、GrB SA -204 GrA 、GrB 、GrC SA -302 GrA 、GrB 、GrC 、GrD   SA -299ΠSA -299M 压力容器用碳锰硅钢板SA -202ΠSA -202M 压力容器用铬锰硅合金钢板SA -204ΠSA -204M 压力容器用钼合金钢板SA -302ΠSA -302M 压力容器用锰钼和锰钼镍合金钢板等同于德国标准BHW355            铬钼钢 -15CrMog   SA -387Gr2 SA -387Gr12   SA -387ΠSA -387M 压力容器用铬钼合金钢板  SA -387Gr11   - SA -387Gr22 、22L   - SA -387Gr21 、21L   - SA -387Gr5   - SA -387Gr9   - SA -387Gr91   - SA -387Gr911   12Cr1MoVg   -  -- SA -1017Gr23 SA -1017Gr911   SA -1017ΠSA -1017M 压力容器用铬钼钨合金钢板  - SA -1017Gr122   通过表1 对比可以看出,用于室温及中温(蠕变温度以下) 的碳锰系列锅炉钢板, GB713 共收纳了5 个牌号,可以满足亚临界以下火电机组锅炉中汽包锅筒、水冷壁集箱端盖、以及低温过热器和省煤器集箱端盖、支吊架等零部件的需要。对于ASME 中的锰铬、锰钼等系列标准中的钢板牌号,我国火电机组锅炉基本不使用,因此不需要纳入我国锅炉钢板标准。用于高温( 蠕变温度以上) 的铬钼系列锅炉钢板, GB713 -1997 中牌号只有2 个。其中15CrMog 最高使用温度为550 ℃,12Cr1MoVg 最高使用温度为565 ℃。而超临界火电机组锅炉中的高温过热器和再热器集箱等部件的金属壁温已经达到600 ℃以上,15CrMog 和12Cr1MoVg 已经达不到要求,因此应将ASME 标准中那些可以使用在600 ℃及以上的材料SA -387Gr22Π 22L 、SA -387Gr91 、SA -387Gr911 、SA -1017Gr122 等, 纳入我国的锅炉用钢板标准,以适应超临界火电机组锅炉技术的发展,提升我国冶金和机电产品的整体水平。 3. 4  技术要求GB713 -1997 规定的技术要求,与ASME 锅炉钢板标准中规定的技术要求对比,见表2 。 从表2 中可以看出,ASME 锅炉钢板标准中的技术要求,除了化学成分和基本的力学性能必须保证外,其余大多是供不同的用户在不同的使用中,对钢板的技术要求做出不同选择的协议项目。ASME 充分体现了以市场为导向,以用户需求为目标的世界先  第4 期               中美锅炉钢板标准的对比及发展 进标准的指导思想。而我国的锅炉用钢板标准显得微量元素、冶炼、锻造、热处理、金相组织等各种因素计划经济体制痕迹较重,起草和制修订标准时,对标的变化而变化的,它是一个帮助分析、判断材料的工准所使用的行业特点没有清楚的反映出来,对用户真艺和质量水平的有效方法。另外,当锅炉运行一段时正需要的技术要求和保证条款调查和重视不够,没有间后,通过材料的冷脆转变温度的变化情况,还可以达到生产型标准向贸易型标准转变的功效。帮助预测锅炉的运行寿命。因此在GB713 当中,应 根据表2 的对比分析发现,ASME 钢板标准都将将落锤试验或系列冲击试验,以及铬钼钢的硬度试验落锤试验作为钢板技术要求中的协议项目,这是因为等作为协议条款给出,方便用户在不同的使用条件下锅炉钢板冷脆转变温度的高低是随材料的化学成分、进行选择。 表2  GB713 与ASME 锅炉钢板技术要求对比 技术指标 GB713   SA202   SA204   SA299   SA302   SA387   SA515   SA516   SA1017   化学成分 √   √   √   √   √   √   √   √   √   交货状态 Δ   Δ   √〔注2〕 √〔注3〕 √〔注3〕 √   √〔注3〕 √〔注2〕 √   常温拉伸 √   √   √   √   √   √   √   √   √   常温冲击 √   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   时效冲击 √〔注1〕 Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   冷弯试验 √   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   表面质量 √   √   √   √   √   √   √   √   √   无损探伤 Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   厚度方向拉伸 Δ   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   高温拉伸 Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   落锤试验 N   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   磁粉检验 N   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   Δ   奥氏体晶粒度 N   N   N   N   N   √〔注4〕 Δ   N   N   硬度 N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   √   〔注1〕:仅对20g 和16Mng 有要求。〔注2〕:厚度大于40mm 的钢板必须正火处理。〔注3〕:厚度大于50mm 的钢板必须正火处理。 〔注4〕:仅对Gr2 钢板有要求。√:规定或必检项目;Δ:协议项目;N: 没有规定 4  结束语 材料是火电机组锅炉建造的基础和技术核心之一。美国ASME 规范把材料及其标准列为第二卷,作为整个规范的一个重要组成部分。ASME 钢材标准不仅是钢材生产部门的质量标准,而且是钢材使用单位(设计、制造、检验) 在选用、采购、验收、检验、加工时的依据。ASME 钢材标准是在市场经济模式下,由供需双方共同编制,且以反映钢材使用者的要求为主的标准。ASME 锅炉钢板标准看似十分繁多,但仔细分析却又体系明确、联系紧密、互相呼应、配套性强, 是锅炉建造中不可缺少的一部分。 相对比较而言,我国锅炉钢板仅有GB713 一个标准,其中的材料品种、牌号、等级等,都远远少于ASME 规范,使用上受到很大局限性。另外,我国过去是在计划经济体制下,主要以供方为主编制钢材质量标准,没有更全面地反映钢材使用者的要求和反映锅炉建造的要求,因此锅炉钢板标准在许多方面还不能满足用户需求。 中国锅炉制造行业和冶金行业需要共同努力,深入分析、理解ASME 规范等世界先进标准,找出我国锅炉钢板标准的不足,明确发展方向。今后应继续加大采用国际标准和国外先进标准的力度,积极促进ASME 规范中国化和ASME 钢材国产化,制修订出适合我国火电机组锅炉技术发展的先进的锅炉钢板标准,提升我国锅炉制造行业和冶金行业的整体水平, 更好的为经济建设服务。

船用钢板

2019-03-18 11:00:17

船用钢板指按船级社建造规范要求生产的用于制造船体结构的热轧钢板材。    由于船舶工作环境恶劣,船体壳要受海水的化学腐蚀、电化学腐蚀和海生物、微生物的腐蚀;船体承受较大的风浪冲击和交变负荷;船舶形状使其加工方法复杂等因素、所以对船体结构用钢要求严格。首先良好的韧性是最关键的要求,此外,要求有较高的强度,良好的耐腐蚀性能、焊接性能,加工成型性能以及表面质量。为保质量和保证有足够的韧性,要求化学成分的Mn/C在2.5以上,对碳当量也有严格要求,并由船检部门认可的钢厂生产。船体用结构钢按照其最小屈服点划分强度级别为:一般强度结构钢和高强度结构钢。船体用结构钢分一般厚度和高强度钢两种,一般强度钢按质量分A、B、C和D四个等级;高强度钢又分两个强度级别和三个质量等级;AH32、DH32、EH32、AH36、DH36、EH36。    中国船级社规范标准的一般强度结构钢分为:A、B、D、E四个质量等级(即CCSA、CCSB、CCSC、CCSD);中国船级社规范标准的高强度结构钢为三个强度级别、四个质量等级。    主要船级社规范有: 船用钢板  中国 CCS    美国 ABS    德国 GL    法国 BV    挪威 DNV    日本 KDK    英国 LR    船体用结构钢的化学成分    钢    类 等级 化学成份(质量分数)(%)    C Mn si P S Al Nb V    一般    强度    钢 A ≤O.22 ≥2.5C O.10~0.35 ≤O.04 ≤0.04    B ≤O.21 O.60~1.00    D ≤O.21 0.60~1.00 ≥O.015    E ≤O.18 O.70~1.20 ≥0.015    高    强    度    钢 AH32 ≤O.18 O.70~1.60 0.10~O.50 ≤O.04 ≤0.04 ≥O.015    DH32 O.90~1.60    EH32 O.90~1.60    AH36 0.70~1.60 O.015~O.050 O.03O~O.10    DHB6 0.90~1.60    EH36 O.90~1.60    船体用结构钢的交货状态    钢材等级 厚度/mm 交货状态    A 6---40    热轧、控轧或正火    B 热轧、控轧或正火    D 6---32 热轧、控轧或正火    正火①②    E 6---32 钢板:正火;型钢;正火或控轧    AH32    AH36 6---32    >25--32 热轧、正火或控轧    正火①②    DH32    DH36 6---25    >20---32 正火或控轧②    正火①②    EH32    EH36 6---40 正火②    船体用结构钢的力学性能    钢材    等级    厚度    /mm    屈服点 ós    /MPa 抗拉    强度    ób/MPa 伸长率δ5    (%) v型冲击试验 冷弯试验    温度    /℃ 平均冲击吸收功    AKv/J 窄冷弯    b=2a    180℃ 宽冷弯    b=5a    120°    纵向 横向    ≥ ≥ ≥    A ≤50 235 400~490 22 d=2a    B 0 27 20    d=3a    D —10 27 20    E 一40 27 20    AH32 ≤50 315 440~590 22 O 3l 22    d=3a    DH32 —20 31 22    EH32 —40 31 22    AH36 ≤50 355 490~620 21 O 34 24    d=3a    DH36 —20 34 24    EH36 —40 34 24  一般强度船体结构用钢分为A、B、C、D4个等级,这4个等级的钢材的屈服强度(不小于235N/mm^2)和抗拉强度(400~520N/mm^2)一样,只是不同温度下的冲击功不一样而已; 高强度船体结构用钢按其最小屈服强度划分强度等级,每一强度等级又按其冲击韧性的不同分为A、D、E、F4级。 A32、D32、E32、F32的屈服强度不小于315N/mm^2,抗拉强度440~570N/mm^2,A、D、E、F分别表示其各自可分别在0°、-20°、-40°、-60°的情况下所能达到的冲击韧性; A36、D36、E36、F36的屈服强度不小于355N/mm^2,抗拉强度490~620N/mm^2,A、D、E、F分别表示其各自可分别在0°、-20°、-40°、-60°的情况下所能达到的冲击韧性; A40、D40、E40、F40的屈服强度不小于390N/mm^2,抗拉强度510~660N/mm^2,A、D、E、F分别表示其各自可分别在0°、-20°、-40°、-60°的情况下所能达到的冲击韧性。 还有, 焊接结构用高强度淬火回火钢:A420、D420、E420、F420;A460、D460、E460、F460;A500、D500、E500、F500;A550、D550、E550、F550;A620、D620、E620、F620;A690、D690、E690、F690; 锅炉与受压容器用钢:360A、360B;410A、410B;460A、460B;490A、490B;1Cr0.5Mo、2.25Cr1Mo 机械结构用钢:一般可选用上述钢材; 低温韧性钢:0.5NiA、0.5NiB、1.5Ni、3.5Ni、5Ni、9Ni; 奥氏体不锈钢:00Cr18Ni10、00Cr18Ni10N、00Cr17Ni14Mo2、00Cr17Ni13Mo2N、00Cr19Ni13Mo3、00Cr19Ni13Mo3N、0Cr18Ni11Nb; 双相不锈钢:00Cr22Ni5Mo3N、00Cr25Ni6Mo3Cu、00Cr25Ni7Mo4N3。 复合钢板:适用于化学制品运输船的容器和液货舱; Z向钢:是在某一等级结构钢(称为母级钢)的基础上,经过特殊处理(如钙处理、真空脱气、氩气搅拌等)和适当热处理的钢材。 a

铜棒成型工艺简介

2018-09-25 11:02:55

挤压1、挤压的种类(1)正向挤压:是指制品挤出方向与挤压力方向相同的挤压行为。(2)反向挤压:是指挤出方向与挤压力方向相反的挤压行为。(3)特殊挤压:是指静液挤压等其它挤压方法。2、挤压的特点(1)正向挤压的特点:正向挤压设备较简单,应用最为广泛。(2)反向挤压的特点:反向挤压由于减少了锭坯与挤压筒的摩擦,降低了挤压力,可以提高工具寿命,在中小规格挤制品中应用较多。(3)特殊挤压的特点:特殊挤压多用于特殊产品的挤压。轧制铜棒轧制有孔型轧制、旋压轧制和行星轧制三种。1、孔型轧制: 在二辊或三辊轧机上,靠轧辊的轧槽组成的孔型对各类型材的纵轧方法。2、旋压轧制:通过旋轮对转动的金属圆板或预成形坯料作进给运动并旋压成形。3、行星轧制:在一个或两个支持辊和围绕支持辊四周的许多行星辊组成的轧机上对各 类型材进行挤压的轧制方法。拉伸1、拉伸的定义拉伸是将坯料通过模孔并施加拉力使其形状和尺寸发生改变的一种压力加工方法,也是铜棒型线材生产成品的关键工序。2、拉伸的特点通过该工序,使制品的外形、尺寸符合要求,具有尺寸精度高、表面光洁度好等特点。3、拉伸设备分类常用的拉伸设备有链式拉伸机、圆盘拉伸机、液压拉伸机及联合拉伸机。链式拉伸机主要用于直条制品的拉伸,有单链、双链和单线、多线拉伸机之分。圆盘拉伸机主要用于中小直径盘圆的生产。联合拉伸机主要生产小规格由盘圆变为定尺直条制品的产品,可同时实现制品的拉伸、矫直、表面抛光、定尺剪切等,直接生产出成品。热处理管棒型线材的热处理主要是中间退火和成品退火。退火制度根据合金特性、产品的状态、性能要求而制定。目前,管棒型线的热处理广泛使用具有特定气氛的罩式炉、辊底炉、网链炉。在釆用保护气氛的同时,加强气氛的循环,以保证气氛均匀,确保制品表面光亮。在棒型材的热处理中,还有淬火时效热处理。主要用于对具有时效强化特性的合金进行热处理,提高材料的强度和综合性能。挤制品的淬火通常依靠挤压出口水封完成,拉制品则需专用的淬火炉。精整铜合金管棒型线材的精整主要包括切头尾(定尺)、矫直、表面处理等。根据制品的规格及要求,制品切头尾可以釆用锯切和剪切两种方法。高精度、大规格制品一般为锯切。平直度是管棒材产品的重要质量指标。管棒型材常用的矫直机有辊式矫直机、压力矫直、正弦矫直机和张力矫直机等,而以辊式矫直机使用最为广泛。辊式矫直机是制品通过不同辊形经过反复弯曲而达到矫直的目的。压力矫直机一般用于大规格或超大规格的棒材、型材和大壁厚管材的矫直。正弦矫直主要对小直径管材、棒材通过正弦矫直辊反复弯曲达到矫直的目的。张力矫直机是夹住制品两头施加反向拉力,使制品发生微变形达到矫直的目的,主要用于特殊型材的矫直,其延伸率达到1-3%。为了保证成品表面消洁、光亮,需要对制品表面进行处理,有人工处理和自动处理两种。人工处理主要是由操作工对管棒材表面油迹、污物等进行檫拭(包括用压缩空气向管材内部打棉球等)。自动处理主要是将管棒材通过溶有清洗剂的液体中进行消洗(包括管内吹扫)、烘干等处理。

造船钢板

2019-03-18 11:00:17

steel sheets and plates for shipbuilding造船钢板   造船钢板是指用造船专用结构钢生产的,用于制造远洋、沿海和内河航行的船舶的船体结构的薄钢板和厚钢板。   造船用结构钢包括碳素钢和低合金钢,钢号的末尾标有C(船)。   碳钢素有2C、3C、4C和5C,低合金钢有12MnC、16MnC、15MnTiC、14MnVTiReC等钢种。厚度为2.5~50毫米。 CCSA中国船级社认证A板,CCSB中国船级社认证B板差100块以内。  造船钢板的规格和材质 商标可分为,国标,日标,美标,德标等  根据造船钢板材质可分为一般船板和高强度船板  一般船板有A,B,C,D,E级,高强度船板可分为AH32/36 ,EH32/36,DH32/36 。

薄钢板

2019-03-18 11:00:17

薄钢板(也叫黑铁皮)    薄钢板—指厚度小于或等于4mm的钢板,包括普通薄钢板(如普通碳素钢、花纹钢及酸洗薄钢板)、优质薄钢板(碳素结构钢、合金结构钢、工具钢等薄钢板(如镀锌、镀锡及镀铅等薄钢板)。 薄钢板理论重量:薄钢板厚度(mm)理论重量(kg/m2)厚度(mm)理论重量(kg/m2)厚度(mm)理论重量(kg/m2)0.201.570.755.891.814.130.251.960.806.282.015.700.302.360.907.072.217.270.352.751.007.852.519.360.403.141.18.642.821.980.453.531.29.423.023.550.503.931.310.213.225.120.554.321.410.993.527.480.604.711.511.783.829.830.655.101.612.563.930.620.705.501.713.354.031.40     薄钢板是符合厚度等于或小于4mm的各种热轧和冷轧的钢板。有许多品种:热轧普通薄钢板、冷轧普同薄钢板、热轧优质薄钢板、冷轧优质薄钢板以及电镀、镀锌、涂层、复合等薄钢板。虽然品种多,材质也不同,但其尺寸、外形、重量计算方法大同小异,计算公式:  W(kg/m2)=0.00785*宽*厚

彩色涂层钢板

2019-03-18 11:00:17

它是热轧钢板、镀锌钢板上涂0.4-0.5mm的软质或半硬质聚氯乙烯塑料薄膜制成,具有耐热、耐腐蚀性能,可做墙板。   彩色涂层钢板简述:   在钢板上涂上有机涂料,涂料可以有各种不同的颜色,彩色涂层钢板由此而得名,简称彩板,也称有机涂层钢板。由于彩色涂层钢板是在钢板加工成型前先涂上涂料,在国外也称为预涂层钢板。彩涂板有机涂层起了覆盖隔离作用,可防止钢板生锈,使用寿命更长。   彩涂板的基板有冷轧基板、热镀锌基板、电镀锌基板、热镀铝锌基板。  彩涂板的面漆涂层种类可以分为:聚酯、硅改性聚酯、偏聚氟乙烯、高耐久性聚酯等。  生产工艺从一涂一烘发展到二涂二烘,也出现三涂三烘的工艺。  彩涂板的表面状态可以分为正常涂层板、压花板、印花板等。   彩涂板主要用途分为建筑、家电和交通运输等。由于彩涂板不仅色彩鲜艳,还具有优良的成型性和耐久性,使用寿命长等优点,还大量节省客户的清洗脱脂和油漆作业的设备成本和人工。因此,彩色涂层钢板已广泛应用在我国的建筑业(大型工业厂房、大型仓库、简易活动室、室内装饰板、机场建筑物、现代化大型飞机库、大型体育馆等)预热隔热夹芯板、大型冷藏库、彩涂钢板制门窗、卷帘门及钢制家具。在家电行业中用于冰柜、洗衣机。电子工业应用在仪表开关箱外壳、录音机机芯等。其它如候车厅,售票亭,办公室隔墙等,应用正不断扩大。  PCM彩板即连续辊涂彩色钢板,其色彩鲜艳,不仅具有良好的成型加工性、漆膜耐腐蚀性和柔韧性,又具有良好的经济效益,满足社会经济、环保发展的要求。根据ECCA(欧洲卷涂协会)数据统计,PCM彩板在生产效率、周转储存、环保效应、外观效果方面均优于传统的喷粉板材,其综合成本仅相当于喷粉板材的90%左右,因此,在欧美地区家电外装饰材料几乎都采用该类彩板;目前在国内,以海尔集团为代表,喷粉板材正逐渐被彩板所取代。  在传统PCM彩板的基础上,海尔彩板公司通过整合全球资源,研制开发出导电PCM彩板及辊涂工艺的砂面PCM彩板,成为国内唯一的砂面PCM彩板的生产基地。产品不仅符合欧盟的ROHS环保标准,且经国家科委、经贸委鉴定,产品性能品质均已达到国际领先水平。  彩色予涂钢板PCM,将传统的喷涂涂装变成钢板的连续涂布,便于表面处理及涂布质量的控制,又不存在涂装易产生的棱边死角等缺陷;而且采用无铬处理液进行辊涂式化学处理后直接干燥,无传统浸涂式化学处理对环境的污染和破坏,满足环保要求。   产品特点:   彩色予涂钢板PCM板材色彩鲜艳,既具有钢板的强度和良好的成型加工性,又能够满足高速、精密加工设备的要求。而PCM得以高速发展的主要原因,其具有良好的经济效益同时也能满足社会经济、环保发展的要求。  在连续机组上以冷轧带钢,镀锌带钢(电镀锌和热镀锌)为基板,经过表面预处理(脱脂和学处理),用辊涂的方法,涂上一层或多层液态涂料,化经过烘烤和冷却所得的板材即为涂层钢板。由于涂层可以有各种不同的颜色,习惯上把涂层钢板叫做彩色涂层钢板。又由于涂层是在钢板成型加工之前进行的,在国外这叫做预涂层钢板.   工艺流程   彩色涂层钢板是以冷轧钢板和镀锌钢板为基板,经过表面预处理(脱脂、清洗、化学转化处理),以连续的方法涂上涂料(辊涂法),经过烘烤和冷却而制成的产品。   常见的二涂二烘型连续彩色涂层机组工艺流程主要生产工序为:开卷→预处理→涂敷→烘烤→后处理→卷取。   产品用途:   涂层钢板具有轻质、美观和良好的防腐蚀性能,又可直接加工,它给建筑业、造船业、车辆制造业、家具行业、电气行业等提供了一种新型原材料,起到了以钢代木、高效施工、节约能源、防止污染等良好效果。使用镀锌钢板为基板的彩色涂层钢板,除有锌保护外,锌层上的有机涂层起了覆盖隔离作用,可防止钢板生锈,使用寿命比镀锌钢板更长,据介绍涂层钢板的使用寿命比镀锌钢板长50%。   但是,在不同的地区和不同的使用部位,采用相同镀锌量、同种涂料、相同涂层厚度的彩色涂层板,其使用寿命会有很大的不同。例如,在工业区或沿海地区,由于受到空气中二氧化硫气体或盐分的作用,腐蚀速度加快,使用寿命受到影响。   在雨季,涂层长期受雨水浸湿、或者在日夜温差太大易结露的部位,都会较快地受到腐蚀,使用寿命均会降低。   用彩色涂层钢板制造的建筑物或厂房,经常受到雨水冲洗时使用寿命较长,否则,由于受二氧化硫气体、盐和灰尘的作用而影响使用。因此,在设计时,若屋顶的倾斜度越大,则越不容易积聚灰尘等污物,使用寿命越长;对于那些不受雨水经常冲洗的区域或部位,应定期用水冲洗。  彩涂钢板分类   彩色涂层钢板产品可以采用冷轧基板、热镀锌基板和电镀锌基板。   按基板分类的彩色涂层钢板种类如下:   彩 色 涂 层 钢 板   冷轧基板彩色涂层钢板   热镀锌彩色涂层钢板   热镀铝锌彩色涂层钢板 镀5%铝锌彩色涂层钢板   镀55%铝锌彩色涂层钢板   电镀锌彩色涂层钢板   其它 印花彩板   金属压花彩板   ■冷轧基板彩色涂层钢板   由冷轧基板生产的彩色板,具有平滑美丽的外观,且具有冷轧板的加工性能;但是表面涂层的任何细小划伤都会把冷轧基板暴露在空气中,从而使露铁处很快生成红锈。因此这类产品只能用于要求不高的临时隔离措施和作室内用材。   ■热镀锌彩色涂层钢板   把有机涂料涂复在热镀锌钢板上得到的产品即为热镀锌彩涂板。热镀锌彩涂板除具有锌的保护作用外,表面上的有机涂层还起了隔绝保护、防止生锈的作用,使用寿命比热镀锌板更长。热镀锌基板的含锌量一般为180g/m2(双面),建筑外用热   镀锌基板的镀锌量最高为275g/m2。   ■热镀铝锌彩涂板   根据要求,也可以采用热镀铝锌钢板作为彩涂基板(55%AI-Zn和5%AI-Zn)。   ■电镀锌彩涂板   用电镀锌板为基板,涂上有机涂料烘烤所得的产品为电镀锌彩涂板,由于电镀锌板的锌层薄,通常含锌量为20/20g/m2,因此该产品不适合使用在室外制作墙、屋顶等。但因具有美丽的外观和优良的加工性能,因此主要可用于家电、音响、钢家具、室内装潢等。   ■涂料   涂料是一种流动状态或粉末状态的有机物,涂敷于底材上能干燥固化形成一层薄膜,均匀地覆盖和良好地附着。其主要性能为防护性(如耐潮湿性、耐水性、耐候性、耐化学性等)和装饰性(具有各种不同的颜色和光泽)。   ■涂料的组成及其作用   各种不同的涂料,都有四个部分组成,即(1)树脂(2)颜料(3)溶剂(4)助剂。其中溶剂是挥发分,其作三个部分基本是不挥发分。   (1)树脂   树脂即成膜物质,是涂料中的最主要成分和基础,也称基料,它是决定涂膜性质的主要因素。要求作为成膜物质的树脂在   涂料储存期内相当稳定,不发生明显的物理变化和化学变化;在成膜时,在规定的条件下,能迅速固化成膜。   树脂种类繁多,在卷材涂料中常用的树脂有酸树脂、环氧树脂、聚酯树脂和聚基酯树脂等。不同的树`脂,其物理性能和化学性能、以及耐候性、耐蚀性等是不一样的。   (2)颜料   颜料须与树脂配合使用,在涂料中的主要作用是使涂膜着色,颜料比例不同会影响涂膜硬度、光泽度以及耐蚀性等。   (3)溶剂   溶剂是液态涂料的重要组成部分,在涂料烘干过程中是能挥发的成分。一般也用溶剂调节涂料粘度,这种用于调节涂料粘度的溶剂称为稀释剂。溶剂对涂料的制造、贮存、涂敷、漆膜的形成和成膜质量有着很大的影响。   (4)助剂   助剂是为改善涂料性能而加入的少量添加剂。助剂在涂料中用量极少,作用却显著,如有的能改进涂料和涂膜的性能,有的能改善烘干时间、有的能防止涂膜产生病态等。助剂种类繁多,有催干剂、固化剂、流平剂、消泡剂、消光剂,稳定剂等。   几乎绝大部分液态涂料都由上述四个成分中的某些原料组成,其中最主要的是树脂,这是任何涂料都少不了的。可以说树脂(有时加溶剂和助剂)就是透明漆,再加入颜料就可成各种色漆。   彩色涂层钢板用涂料一般根据用途分为两大类:即建筑用和家电用。建筑用涂料根据使用环境的不同,在环氧树脂、聚酯树脂、聚氯乙烯塑料溶胶、硅改性聚酯和聚偏氟乙烯中选择。家电用涂料一般彩聚酯树脂。 一、什么叫做彩色涂层钢板 现代的彩色涂层钢板是在连续机组上以冷轧带钢、镀锌钢带(电镀锌和热镀锌)和热镀锌一铝合金钢带等为基板,经过表面预处理(脱脂和化学处理),用辊涂或覆膜等方法,涂覆上一层或多层有机涂层,经过烘烤和冷却所得到的涂装产品即为涂层钢板。由于涂层可以有各种不同的颜色,因此,又称之为“彩色涂层钢板”。又由于涂层是在钢板成型加工之前进行的,在国外亦称之为“预涂层钢板”或‘卷涂”。 二、彩色涂层钢板是由哪几部分构成的 彩色涂层钢板的构成,大体上可分为基材、镀层、化学转化膜和有机涂层4大部分。 三、彩色涂层钢板的涂料品种有哪几大类 按彩色涂层钢板的涂料形态分类,则有液体涂料、粉末涂料、塑料薄膜三大类。 四、用于生产彩色涂层钢板的基材主要有哪几种 按基板分类的彩色涂层钢板的种类,主要有以下四大类别:(1)冷轧基板彩色涂层钢板。(2)热镀锌彩色涂层钢板。(3)热镀铝锌彩色涂层钢板。(4)电镀锌彩色涂层钢板。 五、在剪切彩色涂层钢板时,应注意哪些问题? 彩色涂层钢板根据用途要进行剪切、弯曲、成型等各种加工。由于钢板表面有锌层和有机涂层,加工时有许多与普通冷轧钢板不同的地方,须特别注意,以防加工时涂膜受损。影响剪切的因素包括:(1)材料的力学性能;(2)刀具的形状及间隙;(3)工具面的摩擦及润滑;(4)加工速度和温度等。在剪切彩色涂层钢板时应特别注意以下事项:(1)应尽量使切断面的毛边短小,以防彩色涂层钢板在剪切堆垛时相互划伤;(2)及时清除剪断时产生的切屑和金属粉,否则会损伤钢板表面,成为擦伤或腐蚀生锈的根源;(3)彩色涂层钢带剪切时,与彩色接触的辊子应为胶辊或其他材料,与彩色钢板接触的台面应铺上橡皮垫并保持清洁,防止彩板涂膜损伤。

耐磨钢板

2019-03-18 11:00:17

耐磨钢板以及耐磨钢板的特点耐磨钢板的性能特点:1.很高的耐磨性能: strongplate耐磨钢板耐磨层厚度3-12㎜,耐磨层硬度可以达到HRC58-62,耐磨性能是普通钢板的15-20倍以上,是低合金钢板性能5-10倍以上,是高铬铸铁耐磨性能2-5倍以上,耐磨性远远高于喷焊和热喷涂等方法。  2.较好的冲击性能: Strongplate耐磨钢板是双层金属结构,耐磨层和基材之间是冶金结合,结合强度高,可在受冲击的过程中吸收能量,耐磨层不会脱落,可以应用到振动、冲击较强的工况条件下,这一点是铸造耐磨材料和陶瓷材料所不及的。3.很好的耐温性能: Strongplate耐磨钢板合金碳化物在高温下有很强的稳定性能,耐磨钢板可以在500℃内使用,其他特殊要求温度可以定制生产,能够满足1200℃以内条件下使用;陶瓷、聚脂、高分子材料等采取粘贴方式耐磨材料无法满足如此高温要求。4.很好的连接性能: Strongplate耐磨钢板基材是普通Q235钢板,保证耐磨钢板具有韧性和塑性,提供抵抗外力的强度,可以采取焊接、塞焊、螺栓连接等多种方式和其他结构进行联系,连接牢固,不容易脱落,连接方式多于其他材料;5.很好的选择性能: Strongplate耐磨钢板选择不同厚度基材,堆焊不同层数和厚度的合金耐磨层,可以得到不同厚度和不同用途的钢板,最大厚度可达到30㎜以上;6.很好的加工性能: Strongplate耐磨钢板能够按要求加工成不同规格尺寸,可以进行加工、冷弯成型、焊接、弯曲等,方便使用;可以现场拼焊成型,使维修更换工作变得省时、方便,大大降低工作强度。7.很好的性价格比: Strongplate耐磨钢板价格较普通材料有所提高,但考虑到产品使用寿命,综合考虑维修费用、备件费用和停机损失,其性能价格比远高于普通钢板和其他材料  双金属复层耐磨钢板是专供大面积磨损工况使用的板材产品,是在韧性、塑性很好的普通低碳钢或者低合金钢表面通过堆焊方法复合一定厚度的硬度较高、耐磨性优良的耐磨层而制成的板材产品。   双金属复合耐磨钢板由低碳钢板和合金耐磨层两部分组成,抗磨层一般占总厚度的1/3-1/2。工作时由基体提供抵抗外力的强度、韧性和塑性等综合性能,由耐磨层提供满足指定工况需求的耐磨性能。   耐磨钢板合金耐磨层和基体之间是冶金结合。通过专用设备,采用自动焊接工艺,将高硬度自保护合金焊丝均匀地焊接在基材上,复合层数一层至两层以至多层,复合过程中由于合金收缩比不同,出现均匀横向裂纹,这是耐磨钢板的显著特点。   耐磨层主要以铬合金为主,同时还添加锰、钼、铌、镍等其它合金成份,金相组织中碳化物呈纤维状分布,纤维方向与表面垂直。碳化物显微硬度可以达到HV1700-2000以上,表面硬度可达到HRc58-62。合金碳化物在高温下有很强的稳定性,保持较高的硬度,同时还具有很好的抗氧化性能,在500℃以内完全正常使用。   耐磨钢板具有很高耐磨性能和较好冲击性能好,能够进行切割、弯曲、焊接等,可采取焊接、塞焊、螺栓连接等方式与其他结构进行连接,在维修现场过程中具有省时、方便等特点,广泛应用于冶金、煤炭、水泥、电力、玻璃、矿山、建材、砖瓦等行业,与其他材料相比,有很高的性价比,已经受到越来越多行业和厂家的青睐   技术参数   硬度,HRC   耐磨层厚度≤4mm:HRC54-58;   耐磨层厚度>4mm:HRC56-62   外观参数   平整度:5mm/M   性能描述   1、高耐磨性   合金层的化学成分中碳含量达4~5%,铬含量高达25~30%,其金相组织中Cr7C3碳化物的体积分数达到50%以上,宏观硬度为HRC56~62,碳化铬的硬度为HV1400~1800。由于碳化物成于磨损方向相垂直分布,即使与同成分和硬度的铸造合金相比较,耐磨性能提高一倍以上。与几种典型的材料耐磨性对比如下:   (1)与低碳钢;20~25:1   (2)与铸态高铬铸铁;1.5~2.5:1   2、良好的耐冲击性:   耐磨复合钢板的底层为低碳钢或低合金。不锈钢等韧性材料,体现双金属的优越性,耐磨层抵抗磨损介质的磨损,基板承受介质的载荷,因此有良好的耐冲击性。可以承受物料输送系统中承受高落差料斗等冲击和磨损。   3、较好的耐热性:   耐磨层推荐使用在≤600℃工况下使用,若在合金层中加入钒,钼等合金,可以承受≤800℃的高温磨损。   推荐使用温度如下:   普通碳钢基板推荐不高于380℃工况使用;   低合金耐热钢板(15CrMo,12Cr1MOV等)基板推荐不高于540℃工况使用;   耐热不锈钢基板推荐在不高于800 ℃工况使用。   4、好的耐腐蚀性   耐磨复合钢板的合金层中含有高百分比的金属铬,故具有一定防锈和耐腐蚀能力。用于落煤筒和漏斗等场合可以做到防止粘煤。   5、品种规格齐全   耐磨复合钢板规格全,品种多,已成商品系列化。耐磨合金层的厚度在3~20mm。复合钢板的厚度最薄为6mm,厚度不限。目前,标准耐磨复合钢板可提供1200或1450×2000mm,也可根据用户需求,按图纸尺寸定做加工。耐磨复合钢板现分为普通型、耐冲击型和高温型三种,定购高温耐磨和耐冲击型复合钢板要说明。   6、方便的加工性能   耐磨复合钢板可以切割,弯曲或卷曲、焊接和打孔,它可以加工成普通钢板可以加工的各种部件。切割好的复合板可以拼焊成各种工程结构件或零部件。   功能及特点   可焊接、耐磨性能好。

金属常识 --- 钢板

2018-12-12 09:40:23

一、钢板(包括带钢)的分类:  1、按厚度分类:(1)薄板(2)中板(3)厚板(4)特厚板  2、按生产方法分类:(1)热轧钢板(2)冷轧钢板  3、按表面特征分类:(1)镀锌板(热镀锌板、电镀锌板)(2)镀锡板(3)复合钢板(4)彩色涂层钢板  4、按用途分类:(1)桥梁钢板(2)锅炉钢板(3)造船钢板(4)装甲钢板(5)汽车钢板(6)屋面钢板(7)结构钢板(8)电工钢板(硅钢片)(9)弹簧钢板(10)其他二、普通及机械结构用钢板中常见的日本牌号  1、日本钢材(JIS系列)的牌号中普通结构钢主要由三部分组成:第一部分表示材质,如:S(Steel)表示钢,F(Ferrum)表示铁;第二部分表示不同的形状、种类、用途,如P(Plate)表示板,T(Tube)表示管,K(Kogu)表示工具;第三部分表示特征数字,一般为最低抗拉强度。如:SS400¡¡第一个S表示钢(Steel),第二个S表示“结构”(Structure),400为下限抗拉强度400MPa,整体表示抗拉强度为400 MPa的普通结构钢。  2、SPHC¡¡首位S为钢Steel的缩写,P为板Plate的缩写,H为热Heat的缩写,C商业Commercial的缩写,整体表示一般用热轧钢板及钢带。  3、SPHD¡¡表示冲压用热轧钢板及钢带。  4、SPHE¡¡表示深冲用热轧钢板及钢带。  5、SPCC¡¡表示一般用冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带,相当于中国Q195-215A牌号。其中第三个字母C为冷Cold的缩写。需保证抗拉试验时,在牌号末尾加T为SPCCT。  6、SPCD¡¡表示冲压用冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带,相当于中国08AL(13237)优质碳素结构钢。  7、SPCE¡¡表示深冲用冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带,相当于中国08AL(5213)深冲钢。需保证非时效性时,在牌号末尾加N为SPCEN。冷轧碳素钢薄板及钢带调质代号:退火状态为A,标准调质为S,1/8硬为8,1/4硬为4,1/2硬为2,硬为1。  表面加工代号:无光泽精轧为D,光亮精轧为B。如SPCC-SD表示标准调质、无光泽精轧的一般用冷轧碳素薄板。再如SPCCT-SB表示标准调质、光亮加工,要求保证机械性能的冷轧碳素薄板。  8、JIS机械结构用钢牌号表示方法为:S+含碳量+字母代号(C、CK),其中含碳量用中间值×100表示,字母C:表示碳 K:表示渗碳用钢。如碳结卷板S20C其含碳量为0.18-0.23%。三、我国及日本硅钢片牌号表示方法  1、中国牌号表示方法:  (1)冷轧无取向硅钢带(片)表示方法:DW+铁损值(在频率为50HZ,波形为正弦的磁感峰值为1.5T的单位重量铁损值。)的100倍+厚度值的100倍。如DW470-50 表示铁损值为4.7w/kg,厚度为0.5mm的冷轧无取向硅钢,现新型号表示为50W470。  (2)冷轧取向硅钢带(片)表示方法:DQ+铁损值(在频率为50HZ,波形为正弦的磁感峰值为1.7T的单位重量铁损值。)的100倍+厚度值的100倍。有时铁损值后加G表示高磁感。如DQ133-30表示铁损值为1.33,厚度为0.3mm的冷轧取向硅钢带(片),现新型号表示为30Q133。  (3)热轧硅钢板热轧硅钢板用DR表示,按硅含量的多少分成低硅钢(含硅量≤2.8%)、高硅钢(含硅量>2.8%)。  表示方法:DR+铁损值(用50HZ反复磁化和按正弦形变化的磁感应强度最大值为1.5T时的单位重量铁损值)的100倍+厚度值的100倍。如DR510-50表示铁损值为5.1,厚度为0.5mm的热轧硅钢板。家用电器用热轧硅钢薄板的牌号用JDR+铁损值+厚度值来表示,如JDR540-50。  2、日本牌号表示方法:  (1)冷轧无取向硅钢带由公称厚度(扩大100倍的值)+代号A+铁损保证值(将频率50HZ,最大磁通密度为1.5T时的铁损值扩大100倍后的值)。如50A470表示厚度为0.5mm,铁损保证值为≤4.7的冷轧无取向硅钢带。  (2)冷轧取向硅钢带由公称厚度(扩大100倍的值)+代号G:表示普通材料,P:表示高取向性材料+铁损保证值(将频率50HZ,最大磁通密度为1.7T时的铁损值扩大100倍后的值)。如30G130表示厚度为0.3mm,铁损保证值为≤1.3的冷轧取向硅钢带。

08F钢板

2019-03-19 10:00:29

08F钢板化学成分08F钢板牌号08F钢板化学成分(质量分数)(%)CSiMnCrNiCu≤08F0.05~0.11≤0.030.25~0.500.100.300.25 08F钢板力学性能08F钢板牌号拉力强度MPa屈服点MPa断后伸长率(%)断面收缩率(%)08F2951753560

电镀锌钢板

2017-06-06 17:50:06

电镀锌钢板,是指采用电镀锌工艺镀锌的钢板。与热镀锌钢板相比,镀锌层厚度薄,但成本低。电镀锌也叫冷镀锌,就是利用电解原理,在制件表面形成均匀、致密、结合良好的锌镀层的过程。与其他 金属 相比,锌是相对便宜而又易镀覆的一种 金属 ,属低值防蚀电镀层,被广泛用于保护钢铁件,特别是防止空气氧化腐蚀,并用于装饰。镀锌板是指表面镀有一层锌的钢板。镀锌是一种经常采用的经济而有效的防腐方法。全世界锌 产量 的一半左右均用于此种工艺。镀锌是为防止钢板表面遭受腐蚀延长其使用寿命。镀锌板 市场 概况及生产消费现状近几年,我国镀锌板的生 产量 在逐年增加,出进口量也在逐年增加,增长幅度高于生 产量 的增加;扣除生产重复统计后,镀锌板消费量约为527万吨。1999年以后,进口量超过了生 产量 ,国内产品的自给率不足50%,并且有逐年降低的趋势。镀锌板消费量的增加主要依靠进口。近几年镀锌板进口逐年增长、进口的品种主要是电镀锌板,但电镀锌板进口的比例逐年降低;相应地,热镀锌板进口比例逐年增加,2003年我国热镀锌板的进口量第一次超过了电镀锌板的进口量。电镀锌钢板的特点:用电镀法制造这种镀锌钢板具有良好的加工性,但镀层较薄,耐腐蚀性不如热浸法镀锌板。

花纹钢板

2019-03-18 11:00:17

patterned section  花纹钢板  花纹钢板表面带有凸起(或凹陷)花纹的钢板。   花纹钢板也称网纹钢板,是其表面具有菱形或突棱的钢板。   花纹可以是单一的菱形、扁豆形或圆豆形,也可以由两种或两种以上花纹适当地组合成为组合型花纹板。   花纹主要起防滑和装饰作用。组合型花纹板的防滑能力、抗弯能力、节约金属量及外观等方面的综合效果,均明显优于单一型花纹板。   花纹钢板广泛用于造船、锅炉、汽车、拖拉机、火车车厢及建筑等行业。   花纹钢板由于其表面有突棱,有防滑作用,可用作地板、厂房扶梯、工作架踏板、船舶甲板、汽车底板等。   花纹钢板用于车间、大型设备或船舶走道和楼梯的踏板,是表面压出菱形或扁豆形花纹的钢板。   钢板是由普通碳素钢1-3号乙类钢生产的,厚度为2.5-8毫米,宽度为600-1800毫米,长度为2000-12000毫米。   花纹钢板的规格以基本厚度(突棱的厚度不计)表示,有2.5-8毫米10种规格。花纹板钢板用1-3号。    花纹钢板用钢牌号按GB/T700(碳素结构钢)、GB/T712(船体用结构钢)和GB/T4171(高耐候性结构钢)的规定供应。   乙类普通碳素结构钢轧制,化学成分符合GB700《普通碳素结构钢技术条件》的规定。    花纹板高不小于基板厚度0.2倍;    花纹钢板按实际重量或理论重量交货;    标记示例:用Q235-A制成的,尺寸为4*1000*4000mm.    圆豆花纹钢板,其标记为:圆豆形花纹钢板Q235-A-4*1000*4000-GB/T 3277-91    菱形花纹钢板,其标记为:菱形花纹钢板板B 3-4*1000*4000-GB 3277-82    钢板以热轧状态交货;花纹钢板表面不得有气泡、结疤、拉裂、折叠和夹杂、钢板不得有分层。    表面质量分为两级:    普通精度:钢板表面允许有薄层氧化铁皮、铁锈、由于氧化铁皮脱落所形成的表面粗糙和高度或深度古超过允许偏差的其他局部缺陷。花纹上允许有不明显的毛刺和高度不超过纹高的个别痕迹。单个缺陷的最大面积不超过纹长的平方。    较高精度:钢板表面允许有薄层氧化铁皮、铁锈和高度或深度不超过厚度公差之半的其他局部缺陷。    花纹完整无损,花纹上允许有高度不超过厚度公差之半的局部的轻微毛刺。型号 尺寸,mm 理论重量h b d kg/m10 100 68 4.5 11.26112.6 126 74 5 14.22314 140 80 5.5 16.8916 160 88 6 20.51318 180 94 6.5 24.14320a 200 100 7 27.92920b 200 102 9 31.06922a 220 110 7.5 33.0722b 220 112 9.5 36.52425a 250 116 8 38.10525b 250 118 10 42.0328a 280 122 8.5 43.49228b 280 124 10.5 47.88832a 320 130 9.5 52.71732b 320 132 11.5 57.74132c 320 134 13.5 62.76536a 360 136 10 30.03736b 360 138 12 65.68936c 360 140 14 71.34140a 400 142 10.5 67.59840b 400 144 12.5 73.87840c 400 146 14.5 80.15845a 450 150 11.5 80.4245b 450 152 13.5 87.48545c 450 154 15.5 94.5550a 500 158 12 93.65450b 500 160 14 101.50450c 500 162 16 109.35456a 560 166 12.5 106.31656b 560 168 14.5 115.10856c 560 170 16.5 123.963a 630 176 13 121.40763b 630 178 15 131.29863c 630 180 17 141.189(12) 120 74 5 13.987(24a) 240 116 8 37.477(24b) 240 118 10 41.245(27a) 270 122 8.5 42.825(27b) 270 124 10.5 47.064(30a) 300 126 9 48.084(30b) 300 128 11 52.794(30c) 300 130 13 57.504(55a) 550 166 12.5 105.335(55b) 550 168 14.5 113.97(55c) 550 170 16.5 122.605注:h-高度;b-腿宽度;d-腰厚度;()表示经供需双方协议可供应()中所规定的工字钢。 热轧槽钢理论重量速查表    (根据GB/T707-1988)型号 尺寸、mm 理论重量h b d kg/m5 50 37 4.5 5.4386.3 63 40 4.8 6.6348 80 43 5 8.04510 100 48 5.3 10.00712.6 126 53 5.5 12.31814a 140 58 6 14.53514b 140 60 8 16.73316a 160 63 6.5 17.2416b 160 65 8.5 19.75218a 180 68 7 20.17418b 180 70 9 2320a 200 73 7 22.63720b 200 75 9 25.77722a 220 77        7 24.99922b 220 79        9 28.45325a 250 78 7 27.4125b 250 80 9 31.33525c 250 82 11 35.2628a 280 82 7.5 31.42728b 280 84 9.5 35.82328c 280 86 11.5 40.21932a 320 90 8 38.08332b 320 88 10 43.10732c 320 90 12 48.13136a 360 92 9 47.81436b 360 96 11 5.46636c 360 98 13 59.11840a 400 100 10.5 58.92840b 400 102 12.5 65.20840c 400 104 14.5 71.488(6.5) 65 40 4.3 6.709(12) 120 53 5.5 12.059(24a) 240 78 7 26.86(24b) 240 80 9 30.628(24c) 240 82 11 34.396(27a) 270 82 7.5 30.838(27b) 270 84 9.5 35.077(27c) 270 86 11.5 39.316(30a) 300 85 7.5 34.463(30b) 300 87 9.5 39.173 花纹板理论重量速查表(根据GB/T3277-1991)基本 理论重量,kg/m²厚度 菱形 扁豆 圆豆2.5 21.6 21.3 21.13 25.6 24.4 24.33.5 29.3 28.4 28.34 33.4 32.4 32.34.5 37.3 36.4 36.25 42.3 40.5 40.25.5 46.2 44.3 44.16 50.1 48.4 48.17 59 52.6 52.48 66.8 56.4 56.2

钢板镀锌

2017-06-06 17:50:09

钢板镀锌是提高钢板耐锈蚀性能、装饰美观的一种工艺手法。目前,最常用的钢板镀锌方法是热镀锌。镀锌钢板是为防止钢板表面遭受腐蚀,延长其使用寿命,在钢板表面涂以一层 金属 锌,这种涂锌的钢板称为镀锌板或镀锌钢板。镀锌钢板广泛用于建筑、轻工、汽车、家电、电子、农牧渔业、商品包装等 行业 。近几年,我国建筑、家电等 行业 对镀锌板需求增长很快, 市场 潜力较大,尤其是近年来随着建筑轻型结构的迅速发展,轿车 产量 的逐年增加,家用电器的广泛普及,合资、独资企业电子产品的大量出口,使镀锌板的消费量增长较快。按生产方式分,镀锌板分为热镀锌板和电镀锌板。目前,国内镀锌板的生产无论是数量还是品种均不能满足 市场 需求,每年需要大量进口,国内镀锌板生产 市场 占有率较低,国内 市场 供不应求, 市场 潜力巨大。热镀锌钢板,将薄钢板浸入熔解的锌槽中,使其表面粘附一层锌的薄钢板。目前主要采用连续镀锌工艺生产,即把成卷的钢板连续浸在熔解有锌的镀槽中制成镀锌钢板;电镀锌钢板,用电镀锌法制造这种镀锌钢板具有良好的加工性。但镀层较薄,耐腐蚀性不如热浸法镀锌板;单面镀和双面差镀锌板,单面镀锌钢板,即只在一面镀锌的产品。在焊接、涂装、防锈处理、加工等方面,具有比双面镀锌板更好的适应性。为克服单面未涂锌的缺点,又有一种在另面涂以薄层锌的镀锌板,即双面差镀锌板;合金化镀锌板,这种钢板也是用热浸镀锌法制造,但在出槽后,立即把它加热到500℃左右,使其生成锌和铁的合金被膜。这种镀锌板具有良好的涂料的密着性和焊接性;合金、复合镀锌板,它是用锌和其他 金属 如铅、锌制成合金乃至复合镀成的钢板。这种钢板既具有卓越的防锈性能,又有良好的涂装性能。国内镀锌钢板生产消费存在的主要问题:生产品种不全;缺少锌合金镀层板;生产规格单一;生 产量 不足,机组能力小。钢板镀锌能有效地延长钢板的腐蚀时间,使得钢板的利用价值得到提升,目前钢材 市场 的镀锌钢板的 价格 也在小幅度的上涨。

钨钢-钨钢烧结成型

2019-05-30 18:44:06

 钨钢,含钨的钢材 。钨钢制品中约含钨18%,钨钢归于硬质合金,又称之为钨钛合金。硬度为维氏10K,仅次于钻石。正因如此,钨钢的产品(常见的有钨钢手表),具有不易被磨损的特性。   常用于车床刀具、冲击钻钻头、钨钢玻璃刀刀头、瓷砖割刀之上,坚固不怕退火,但质脆。归于稀有金属之列。钨钢烧结成型   钨钢烧结成型便是将粉末压制成坯料,再进烧结炉加热到必定温度(烧结温度),并坚持必定的时刻(保温时刻),然后冷却下来,然后得到所需功能的钨钢材料。   钨钢烧结进程能够分为四个根本阶段:  1:脱除成形剂及预烧阶段,在这个阶段烧结体发作如下改动:  成型剂的脱除,烧结初期跟着温度的升高,成型剂逐步分化或汽化,扫除出烧结体,与此同时,成型剂或多或少给烧结体增碳,增碳量将随成型剂的品种、数量以及烧结技术的不同而改动。  粉末表面氧化物被复原,在烧结温度下,氢能够复原钴和钨的氧化物,若在真空脱除成型剂和烧结时,碳氧反响还不激烈。粉末颗粒间的接触应力逐步消除,粘结金属粉末开端发作回复和再结晶,表面分散开端发作,压块强度有所进步。  2:固相烧结阶段(800℃--共晶温度)  在呈现液相曾经的温度下,除了继续进行上一阶段所发作的进程外,固相反响和分散加重,塑性活动增强,烧结体呈现显着的缩短。  3:液相烧结阶段(共晶温度--烧结温度)  当烧结体呈现液相今后,缩短很快完结,接着发作结晶改变,构成合金的根本安排和结构。  4:冷却阶段(烧结温度--室温)  在这一阶段,钨钢的安排和相成分随冷却条件的不同而发作某些改动,能够使用这一特色,对钨钢进行热处理以进步其物理机械功能。

铍铜带的成型性

2019-01-25 10:19:08

成型性涉及到材料可以弯成所要求的几何形状。不会出现裂纹或失败诉一种能力。铍铜带材的成型性能取决于一系列的变化因素,包括合金,状态,弯曲方向,带材厚度与宽度,以及成型的方法。    状态为未热处理的铍铜(Brush,合金3,10,25和165)在制造过程中最易于成型,制成后的零件可以通过热处理过到很高的强度水平,结果这些材料兼有了最佳成型性和最高强度的综合。在不需要剧烈成型的使用领域中,工厂强化的铍铜合金(Brush,合金165,190,290,3,10,174)成本效益最合算,这些材料由Brush Wellman施行热处理后供贷。在满足强度水平的条件下保证最佳的成型性,由于客户在零件成型后无需清洗和热处理,他们可以有效地降低制造成本。     R/t比值     一种材料的成型性的比例(R/t)是通过弯曲半径(R)和带材厚度(T)的比值来表达。这一数值确定了可以成型而不会失败的是小弯曲半径。较大的R/t比值表明较低的成型性。因为要求较大的弯曲半径。由此,R/t值不零时,意味着材料围绕很尖锐的边角(弯曲半径为零)成型都不会失败。就一种材料的延展性而论,成型性主要取决于合金的强度。当通过冷轧或工厂强化处理提高合金的强度时,成型性下降(R/t比值上升),而且成型性变得各向异性(具方向性)    纵向与横向弯曲对比    如图1所示,称之为纵向或者横向弯曲,取决于它们的取向与带材轧制方向的关系。带材的各向异性或者方向性是由于冷轧的织构效应的结果。当发生这种各向异性时,在纵向(好的弯曲方向)的成型性优于横向的(差的弯曲方向)。 [next]     金田公司检验带材的成型性是采用半导向弯曲试验法,类似于ASTM E290的方法。检验用的固紧装置由90o的冲头组成。冲头研磨成的导向刀口具不同半径,被检验的0.5时(12.7mm)宽的带材,用冲头强行压入V型块,为图2所示。    弯曲之后,在10~30X的放大镜下观察试样,用以检查裂纹的表面是在半径的凸面,如果没看到裂纹,则试样通过了这一半径的检验。随后,减小冲头的半径,再取另一带材试样成型,并检验之。这一步骤反复进行,直到试样表面出现裂纹为止。裂纹无需穿透试样的厚度到破断。没有导致可见裂纹的最小弯曲半径除以带材的厚度,便确定R/t比值。图3为金田公司公布的厚度0.05时(1.27mm)以上带材的成型性数值。厚度低于0.015时(0.38mm)的带材,其成型性更好。    在弯曲后其表面形成一种“子皮”结构,有时看似被破坏了,这种柔和的结构并非裂纹,仅仅是材料的变形的一种直片式的表面变化。子皮的出现受许多因素的影响,包括:冷轧压下量,晶粒度和弯曲的方向。子皮出现的结果,不能准确地测定材料的成型性。用这种方法评估材料是非常主观的。    设计的要素为给定的一种使用情况,确定最适宜的材料时,有许多因素必须予以考虑。随状态的提高,铍铜的强度与硬度增加,而塑性与成型性下降,可以成型零件,而不会开裂的最高状态,是应该选用的状态,这种状态可以成型,又有效地保证设计的可靠性。    成型方向的自然特性(弯曲的好方向和坏方向的对比)可以为设计补充额外的柔性,即有效的使用材料。    应用    金田公司有关材料成型性的资料,目的是用以指导为某种使用情况而选择合适的状态。如一种弯曲的内角比较钝,则可以采用较推荐值小些的半径。如内角比较尖,则需采用较大的弯曲半径。弯曲的质量又受所采用的成型方法的影响。比例,采取几个步骤来完成弯曲,代替一次完成该弯曲,或者沿弯曲半径环绕材料,将产生比R/t指示的值更紧密的弯曲。同样,带材的宽度也影响弯曲的质量,很窄的带材比宽的更好成型。带材的宽度与其厚度的比值约小于10:1时,会改善其成型性。

钢板常见分类

2019-03-18 11:00:17

钢板是钢材四大品种(板、管、型、丝)之一,在发达国家,钢板产量占钢材生产总量50%以上,随着我国国民经济的发展,钢板生产量逐渐增长。    钢板是一种宽厚比和表面积都很大的扁平钢材。钢板按厚度分为薄板和厚板两大规格。    薄钢板是用热轧或冷轧方法生产的厚度在0.2-4mm之间的钢板。薄钢板宽度在500-1400mm之间。根据不同的用途,薄钢板采用不同材质钢坯轧制而成。通常采用材质有普碳钢、优碳钢、合金结构钢、碳素工具钢、不锈钢、弹簧钢和电工用硅钢等。它们主要用于汽车工业、航空工业、搪瓷工业、电气工业、机械工业等部门。薄钢板除轧制后直接交货之外,还有经过酸洗的、镀锌和镀锡等种类。    厚钢板是厚度在4mm以上的钢板的统称,在实际工作中,常将厚度小于20mm的钢板称为中板,厚度>20mm至60mm的钢板称为厚板,厚度>60mm的钢板则需在专门的特厚板轧机上轧制,故称特厚板。厚钢板的宽度从0.6mm-3.0mm。厚板按用途又分造船钢板、桥梁钢板、锅炉钢板、高压容器钢板、花纹钢板、汽车钢板、装甲钢板和复合钢板等。    钢板的一个分支是钢带,钢带实际上是很长的薄板,宽度比较小,常成卷供应,也称为带钢。钢带常在多机架连续式轧机上生产,切成定尺长度后就是钢带,因此生产率比单张机制时高。    一、中厚板    (一)普通中厚钢板    1、普碳钢沸腾钢板(GB3274-88)    普碳钢沸腾钢板顾名思义是由普通碳素结构钢的沸腾钢热轧制成的钢板。沸腾钢是一种脱氧不完全的钢材,钢液含氧量较高,当钢水注入钢锭模后,碳氧反应产生大量气体,造成钢液呈沸腾状态而得名。沸腾钢含碳量低,且由于不用硅铁脱氧,故钢中含硅量常<0.07%。沸腾钢的外层是在沸腾状态下结晶的,所以表层纯净、致密,表面质量好,加工性能良好。沸腾钢没有大的集中缩孔,用脱氧剂少,钢材成本低。沸腾钢心部杂质多,偏析较严重,力学性能不均匀,钢中气体含量较多,韧性低、冷脆和时效敏感性较大,焊接性能较差,故不适用于制造承受冲击截荷,在低温下工作的焊接结构件和其他重要结构件。    沸腾钢板大量用制造各种冲压件、建筑及工程结构和一些不太重要的机器结构和零件。其材质的牌号、化学成分和力学性能符合GB700-79(88)(普通碳素结构钢技术条件)中沸腾钢的规定。热轧中厚钢板厚度为4.5-200mm。生产单位主要有鞍钢、武钢、马钢、太钢、重庆钢厂、邯郸钢铁总厂、新余钢厂、柳州钢厂、安阳钢钢公司、营口中板厂和天津钢厂等。    2、普碳钢镇静钢板(GB3274-88)    普碳镇静钢钢板是由普通碳素结构钢镇静钢坯热轧制成的钢板。镇静钢是脱氧完全的钢,钢液在注锭前用锰铁、硅铁和铝等进行充分脱氧,钢液在钢锭模中较平静,不产生沸腾状态,故得名为镇静钢。镇静钢的优点是化学成分均匀,所以各部分的机械性能也均匀,焊接性能和塑性良好、抗腐蚀性较强。但表面质量较差,有集中缩孔,成本也较高。    普通镇静钢板主要用于生产在低温下承受冲击的构件、焊接结构及其他要求较高强度的结构件。其材质的牌号、化学成分和力学性能符合GB700-79(88)(普通碳素结构钢技术条件)中镇静钢的规定。钢板的规格尺寸厚度4.5-200mm。生产单位主要有鞍钢、武钢、舞阳钢铁公司、马钢、太钢、重庆钢厂、邯郸钢铁总厂、新余钢厂、柳州钢厂、安阳钢铁公司、天津钢厂、营口中板厂、上钢一、三厂、韶关钢铁厂和济南钢铁厂等。    3、低合金结构钢板(GB3274-88)    低合金结构钢板是由低合金结构钢热轧制成的。低合金钢板都是镇静钢和半镇静钢板。其优点是强度较高、性能较好、能节省大量钢材、减轻结构重量等。低合金结构钢板越来越广泛用于机械制造和金属结构件等。热轧钢板厚度为4.5-200mm。生产单位包括鞍钢、武钢、舞阳钢铁公司、马钢、重庆钢厂、新余钢厂、柳州钢厂、昆明钢铁公司、天津钢厂、韶关特钢厂、安阳钢铁公司、上钢一、三厂和太钢等。    4、一般结构用热连轧钢板(GB2517-81)    主要用于建筑、桥梁、车辆等一般结构。钢板(带)厚度从1.2-13.0mm;宽度从700-1550mm;长度从2000-12000mm。    5、焊接结构用耐候钢板(GB4172-84)    耐候钢即耐大气腐蚀钢。焊接结构用耐候钢是在钢中加入少量的合金元素,如钢、铬、镍、钼、铌、钛、锆和钒等,使其在金属基体表面形成保护层,以提高钢材的耐候性,以及良好的焊接性能。主要用于桥梁、建筑及其他结构。    6、高耐候性结构钢钢板(GB4171-84)    耐候钢即耐大气腐蚀济。在钢中加入少量合金元素,如钢、磷、铬、镍、钼铌、钛、锆和钒等,使在金属基体表面形成保护层面提高钢材的耐候性能。主要适用于建筑、车辆、塔架和其他结构件。    7、花纹钢板(GB3277-82)    花纹钢板是其表面具有菱形或扁豆形突棱的钢板。其规格以其本身厚度(突棱的厚度不计)表示。花纹板具有防滑作用,常用作地板、厂房扶梯、工作架踏板、船舶甲板和汽车底板等。花纹板的材质用普通碳素结构钢的B1、B2和B3牌号钢轧制而成,其化学成分符合GB700-79(普通碳素结构钢技术条件)的规定。生产单位主要有鞍钢和安阳钢铁公司等。    8、桥梁用钢板(YB168-70)    桥梁钢板是专用于架造铁路或公路桥梁的钢板。要求有较高的强度、韧性以及承受机车车辆的载荷和冲击,且要有良好的抗疲劳性、一定的低温韧性和耐大气腐蚀性。拴焊桥梁用钢还应具有良好的焊接性能和低的缺口敏感性。主要用于铁路桥和公路桥其跨度在46-160mm之间的结构件。其规格:厚度从6-50mm、宽度从1.0-2.4mm、长度从2.0-16mm。我国生产桥梁用钢板主要有鞍钢、武钢、上钢三厂和重庆钢厂等单位。    9、船体结构用钢板(GB712-88)    船体结构用钢板简称船用板。由于船舶工作环境恶劣,船体壳要受海水的化学腐蚀、电化学腐蚀和海生物、微生物的腐蚀;船体承受较大的风浪冲击和交变负荷;船舶形状使其加工方法复杂等因素、所以对船体结构用钢要求严格。首先良好的韧性是最关键的要求,此外,要求有较高的强度,良好的耐腐蚀性能、焊接性能,加工成型性能以及表面质量。为保质量和保证有足够的韧性,要求化学成分的Mn/C在2.5以上,对碳当量也有严格要求,并由船检部门认可的钢厂生产。船体用结构钢分一般厚度和高强度钢两种,一般强度钢按质量分A、B、C和D四个等级;高强度钢又分两个强度级别和三个质量等级;AH32、DH32、EH32、AH36、DH36、EH36。    船体结构用钢板主要用于制造远洋、沿海和内河航运船舶的船体、甲板等的钢板。产品规格:厚度4.5-50mm、宽度1.0-2.2mm、长度4.0-12.0m。我国主要由武钢、马钢、上钢一、三厂、太钢、昆明钢铁公司和天津钢厂等生产。    10、锅炉用钢板(GB713-86)    按用途分,锅炉分工业锅炉和电站锅炉用两大类。工业锅炉通常是工业企业用于供热,属小型锅炉,其所用钢材为普通碳素结构钢和低合金结构钢。电站锅炉属大、中型锅炉,对钢材质量有特殊要求,一般要求具有优良综合性能的合金钢来制造。主要用于制作固定锅炉、船体锅炉及其他锅炉重要附件。钢板厚度从6-120mm。生产单位主要有鞍钢、武钢、上钢三厂、舞阳钢铁公司、柳州钢厂、重庆钢厂、太钢、昆明钢铁公司等生产。

65锰钢板价格

2017-06-06 17:49:53

65锰钢板价格,国内65锰钢板仍弱势盘整,市场成交较为冷清,钢厂公布采购价格低且量少,65锰钢板生产厂家信心差,亏损严重,较多地区小企业停炉、大厂选择减产,出口市场仍冷清,国际硅锰价格低于国内报价。国内65锰钢板FeMn65Si17市场出厂综合报价在6700-7100元/吨,FeMn60Si14市场报价在5400-6000元/吨,出口FOB报价在1030-1200美元。国内65锰钢板走势仍无起色,各地硅锰厂家亏损严重,钢厂采购价格低且采量少,虽目前各家报价暂无跌幅,但均表示,由于较多钢厂定价低,市场实际成交价格又有所小幅下调,较多厂家成本高,只能关停炉子,暂时不对外销售,以应对当前弱势。从矿石方面来看,同样受制于成交冷清,价格继续处于弱势,但由于国外矿石报价高,进口锰矿价格暂无太大跌幅,港口贸易商也不敢操作,对于短期内市场,各方均认为,由于整个钢铁体系的走弱,65锰钢板价格较难出现回暖可能,但市场大批硅锰企业关停,现货资源紧张致使个别地区价格小幅上调也不无可能。国内主要市场65锰钢板出厂价格继续持稳,市场成交略有转好。今日湖南地区的主流成交价维持在12300元/吨,部分厂家有12200元/吨的价格出货。目前市场上除重庆秀山地区有厂家陆续复工意以外其他地区产量基本稳定,下游需求近期也无太大的变动,这也是近期65锰钢板价格一直稳定的原因,厂家对后市也是比较茫然。有消息称民营钢厂本月第一次碰头会将于近日进行,本月的产量将成为主要探讨议题,之前外界一直预计本月民营钢厂将会继续减产。65锰钢板出口价格仍在2300美元/左右,尽管市场上询盘有所增加,但采购依然低迷。不过现在不锈钢行业已经开始出现回暖迹象,65锰钢板做为上游原料也会受到影响,不过有一定的滞后性。预计近期65锰钢板价格仍将平稳运行,长期或许有小幅上涨的可能。

干货!金属成型方法大全(动图)

2019-01-03 09:56:30

压铸(注意压铸不是压力铸造的简称)是一种金属铸造工艺,其特点是利用模具腔对融化的金属施加高压。模具通常是用强度更高的合金加工而成的,这个过程有些类似注塑成型。砂模铸造 就是用砂子制造铸模。 砂模铸造需要在砂子中放入成品零件模型或木制模型(模样),然后在模样周末填满砂子,开箱取出模样以后砂子形成铸模。 为了在浇铸金属之前取出模型,铸模应做成两个或更多个部分;在铸模制作过程中,必须留出向铸模内浇铸金属的孔和排气孔,合成浇注系统。 铸模浇注金属液体以后保持适当时间,一直到金属凝固。 取出零件后,铸模被毁,因此必须为每个铸造件制作新铸模。 熔模铸造 又称失蜡铸造,包括压蜡、修蜡、组树、沾浆、熔蜡、浇铸金属液及后处理等工序。失蜡铸造是用蜡制作所要铸成零件的蜡模,然后蜡模上涂以泥浆,这就是泥模。泥模晾干后,在焙烧成陶模。一经焙烧,蜡模全部熔化流失,只剩陶模。一般制泥模时就留下了浇注口,再从浇注口灌入金属熔液,冷却后,所需的零件就制成了。模锻 是在专用模锻设备上利用模具使毛坯成型而获得锻件的锻造方法。根据设备不同,模锻分为锤上模锻,曲柄压力机模锻,平锻机模锻,摩擦压力机模锻等。辊锻是材料在一对反向旋转模具的作用下产生塑性变形得到所需锻件或锻坯的塑性成形工艺。它是成形轧制(纵轧)的一种特殊形式锻造 是一种利用锻压机械对金属坯料施加压力,使其产生塑性变形以获得具有一定机械性能、一定形状和尺寸锻件的加工方法,锻压(锻造与冲压)的两大组成部分之一。通过锻造能消除金属在冶炼过程中产生的铸态疏松等缺陷,优化微观组织结构,同时由于保存了完整的金属流线,锻件的机械性能一般优于同样材料的铸件。相关机械中负载高、工作条件严峻的重要零件,除形状较简单的可用轧制的板材、型材或焊接件外,多采用锻件。轧制 又称压延,指的是将金属锭通过一对滚轮来为之赋形的过程。如果压延时,金属的温度超过其再结晶温度,那么这个过程被称为“热轧”,否则称为“冷轧”。压延是金属加工中最常用的手段。压力铸造 的实质是在高压作用下,使液态或半液态金属以较高的速度充填压铸型(压铸模具)型腔,并在压力下成型和凝固而获得铸件的方法。低压铸造 在低压气体作用下使液态金属充填铸型并凝固成铸件的铸造方法。低压铸造最初主要用于铝合金铸件的生产,以后进一步扩展用途,生产熔点高的铜铸件、铁铸件和钢铸件。离心铸造 是将液体金属注入高速旋转的铸型内,使金属液在离心力的作用下充满铸型和形成铸件的技术和方法。离心铸造所用的铸型,根据铸件形状、尺寸和生产批量不同,可选用非金属型(如砂型、壳型或熔模壳型)、金属型或在金属型内敷以涂料层或树脂砂层的铸型。消失模铸造 是把与铸件尺寸形状相似的石蜡或泡沫模型粘结组合成模型簇,刷涂耐火涂料并烘干后,埋在干石英砂中振动造型,在负压下浇注,使模型气化,液体金属占据模型位置,凝固冷却后形成铸件的新型铸造方法。消失模铸造是一种近无余量、精确成型的新工艺,该工艺无需取模、无分型面、无砂芯,因而铸件没有飞边、毛刺和拔模斜度,并减少了由于型芯组合而造成的尺寸误差。挤压铸造 又称液态模锻,是使熔融态金属或半固态合金,直接注入敞口模具中,随后闭合模具,以产生充填流动,到达制件外部形状,接着施以高压,使已凝固的金属(外壳)产生塑性变形,未凝固金属承受等静压,同时发生高压凝固,最后获得制件或毛坯的方法,以上为直接挤压铸造;还有间接挤压铸造指将熔融态金属或半固态合金通过冲头注入密闭的模具型腔内,并施以高压,使之在压力下结晶凝固成型,最后获得制件或毛坯的方法。连续铸造 是利用贯通的结晶器在一端连续地浇入液态金属,从另一端连续地拔出成型材料的铸造方法。拉拔 是用 外力作用于被拉 金属的前端,将金属坯料从小于 坯料断面的模孔中拉出,以获得相应的形状和尺寸的制品的一种塑性加工方法。由于拉拔多在冷态下进行,因此也叫冷拔或冷拉  冲压 是靠压力机和模具对板材、带材、管材和型材等施加外力,使之产生塑性变形或分离,从而获得所需形状和尺寸的工件(冲压件)的成形加工方法。金属注射成形 (metal Injection Molding,简称MIM)是一种从塑料注射成形行业中引伸出来的新型粉末冶金近净成形技术,众所周知,塑料注射成形技术低廉的价格生产各种复杂形状的制品,但塑料制品强度不高,为了改善其性能,可以在塑料中添加金属或陶瓷粉末以得到强度较高、耐磨性好的制品。近年来,这一想法已发展演变为最大限度地提高固体粒子的含量并且在随后的烧结过程中完全除去粘结剂并使成形坯致密化。这种新的粉末冶金成形方法称为金属注射成形。车削加工 是指车床加工是机械加工的一部份。车床加工主要用车刀对旋转的工件进行车削加工。车床主要用于加工轴、盘、套和其他具有回转表面的工件,是机械制造和修配工厂中使用最广的一类机床加工。车削加工是在车床上利用工件相对于刀具旋转对工件进行切削加工的方法。车削加工的切削能主要由工件而不是刀具提供。车削是最基本、最常见的切削加工方法,在生产中占有十分重要的地位。车削适于加工回转表面,大部分具有回转表面的工件都可以用车削方法加工,如内外圆柱面、内外圆锥面、端面、沟槽、螺纹和回转成形面等,所用刀具主要是车刀。铣削加工 铣削是将毛坯固定,用高速旋转的铣刀在毛坯上走刀,切出需要的形状和特征。传统铣削较多地用于铣轮廓和槽等简单外形/特征。数控铣床可以进行复杂外形和特征的加工。铣镗加工中心可进行三轴或多轴铣镗加工,用于加工,模具,检具,胎具,薄壁复杂曲面,人工假体,叶片等。 在选择数控铣削加工内容时,应充分发挥数控铣床的优势和关键作用。刨削加工 是用刨刀对工件作水平相对直线往复运动的切削加工方法,主要用于零件的外形加工。刨削加工的精度为IT9~IT7,表面粗糙度Ra为6.3~1.6um。磨削加工 磨削是指用磨料,磨具切除工件上多余材料的加工方法。磨削加工是应用较为广泛的切削加工方法之一。选择性激光熔融 在一个铺满金属粉末的槽内,计算机控制着一束大功率的二氧化碳激光选择性地扫过金属粉末表面。在激光所到之处,表层的金属粉末完全熔融结合在一起,而没有照到的地方依然保持着粉末状态。整个过程都需要在一个充满惰性气体的密封舱内进行。选择性激光烧结 是SLS法采用红外激光器作能源,使用的造型材料多为粉末材料。加工时,首先将粉末预热到稍低于其熔点的温度,然后在刮平棍子的作用下将粉末铺平;激光束在计算机控制下根据分层截面信息进行有选择地Z烧结,一层完成后再进行下一层烧结,全部烧结完后去掉多余的粉末,则就可以得到一烧结好的零件。目前成熟的工艺材料为蜡粉及塑料粉,用金属粉或陶瓷粉进行烧结的工艺还在研究之中。金属沉积 与“挤奶油”式的熔融沉积有些相似,但喷出的是金属粉末。喷嘴在喷出金属粉末材料的同时,还会一并提供高功率激光以及惰性气体保护。这样不会受到金属粉末箱尺寸的局限,能直接制造出更大体积的零部件,而且也很适合对局部破损的精密零件进行修复辊轧成型 辊轧成型方法是使用一组连续机架来把不锈钢轧成复杂形状。辊子的顺序是这样设计的,即:每个机架的辊型可连续使金属变形,直到获得所需的最终形状。如果部件的形状复杂,最多可用三十六个机架,但形状简单的部件,三、四个机架就可以了。模锻 是指在专用模锻设备上利用模具使毛坯成型而获得锻件的锻造方法。此方法生产的锻件尺寸精确,加工余量较小,结构也比较复杂生产率高。模切 即下料工艺,将前制程成型后的薄膜定位在冲切模公模上,合模去除多余的材料,保留产品3D外形,与模具型腔相匹配模切制程-刀模 刀模下料工艺,将薄膜面板或线路定位在底板上,将刀模固定在机器上模板,利用机器下压提供的力量控制刀锋将材料切断。他区别于冲切模的地方在于,切口更光滑;同时通过对切割压力、深浅的调整可以冲切出压痕、半断等效果。同时模具的成本低作业更方便、安全、快捷。

铝合金喷铸成型新技术

2019-01-02 15:29:22

喷铸成型生产方法其特色是:熔融金属液在极短暂的时间内,经由雾化装置将金属液喷散成微小颗粒(10~500微米),喷铸堆积在预定的沉积板上。   喷铸成型制程最大的特点,就是熔融金属液急速冷却凝固及雾化作用,使金属液中过饱和的第二相能够微细化并均匀分散,克服了传统铸造制程中,因冷却速率较慢而产生的宏观的偏析及组织粗大的现象。喷铸成型制程由金属液直接成型为固态的粗胚体,也克服了粉末冶金制程中,繁琐多道次处理程序及其组织密实度不佳及粉末氧化严重的问题,使得喷铸成型材料比粉末冶金材料具有低气孔隙和较好的性能。   喷铸成型的优点有很多,如:高的堆积速率,(一般为0.25~1.7千克/秒);形状可复杂化,可减少加工过程;合金的调配多样化,成分不受限制;粗胚体的密度较粉末冶金高,氧化物含量也较小等。   在喷铸成型制程中,金属液可以非常快速地冷却凝固并凝结为实体形状,使得传统铸造制程的宏观偏析问题及粉末冶金制程中氧化的缺点,得以克服,而表现出优异的材料特性。   喷铸成型的制程方法是一种新型的铝合金成型方法,是建材、汽车部件、核电厂使用复合材等最佳选择。

冷冲压模的维护与管理

2019-03-01 10:04:59

冷冲模的日常保护与处理作业.对改善冲模的技能状况、确保制件质量和确保出产顺利进行至关重要。因而,有必要细心做好这项作业。   一、冲模保护与处理的内容   冷冲模日常保护与处理的内容,首要包含以下几方面:   1)冲模技能状况判定;   2)冲模保护性修补   3)冲模的保养;   4)冲模技能文件处理;   5)冲模的入库与发放;   6)冲模的保管方法;   7)冲模的作废处理;   8)冲模易损零件的制备。   二、冲模技能状况的判定   (一)冲模技能状况判定的必要性   冷冲模在运用过程中,因为冲模零件的天然磨损,冲模制造工艺不合理,冲模在机床上设备或运用不当以及设备发作缺点等原因,都会使冲模的首要零部件失掉原有的运用功能及精度。致使冲模技能状况日趋恶化,影响出产的正常进行和功率以及制品的质量。所以,在冲模处理上,有必要要主动地把握冲模的这些技能状况改变,并细心地予以处理以使冲模能一直在杰出的技能状况下作业。   此外,经过冲模技能状况判定成果,连同制品的出产数量、质量的缺点内容,冲模的磨损程度、冲模损坏的原因等可拟定出冲模修补计划及保护方法,这对延伸冲模的运用寿数,下降出产本钱以及进步冲模质量及技能制造水平都是十分必要的。   (二)冲模技能判定的方法   冲模的技能状况判定,一般分两种方法进行:即新模具制成和冲模修补后,冲模的技能状况是经过试模来判定的。而在运用中的冲模技能判定,首要是经过对制件质量状况和冲模作业状况查看来进行的。现就冲模运用过程中及运用后技能判定方法做一介绍,供判守时参阅。   1.冲模的作业功能查看   冲模在运用过程中或在运用后,应对冲模的功能及作业状况.进行具体的查看,其查看的首要方法如下:   (1)冲模作业成形零件的查看   在冲模作业中或作业后,结合制件的质量状况,对其凸、凹模进行查看,即凸、凹模是否有裂纹、损坏及严峻磨损,凸凹模空隙是否均匀及其巨细是否适宜,刃口是否尖利(冲裁模)等。如当冲裁件发现有毛刺时.必定凸、凹模刃口变钝及空隙不均,此刻有必要做必要的修整和处理。   (2)导向设备的查看   查看导向设备的导柱、导套及导板是否有严峻磨损,其合作空隙是否过大,设备在模板上是否松动。   (3)卸料设备的查看   查看冲模的推件及卸料设备动作是否活络牢靠,顶件杆有没有曲折、折断,卸料用的橡皮及绷簧弹力巨细,作业起来是否平稳,有无严峻磨损及变形。   (4)定位设备的查看   查看定位设备是否牢靠,定位销及定位板有无松动状况及严峻磨损。如结合制件查看时,若制品的外形及孔位发作改变及质量不合要求时,则是定位设备出了缺点,应严厉查看。   (5)安全防护设备的查看   在某些冲模中,为使作业时安全牢靠,一般都设有安全防护设备,如防护板等设备。查看时应侧重查看其运用的牢靠性,是否动作活络、安全。   (6)主动体系的查看   在某些主动冲模中,应查看主动体系的各零件是否有坏损,动作是否和谐,能否主动做正常的送料和退料。   2.制件的质量查看   冲模的技能状况好坏,直接表现在制件质量、精度上。因而,制件的质量查看.是冲模技能状况判定的重要手法。   (1)制件质量查看的内容   1)制件形状及表面质量有无显着缺点和缺乏。   2)制件各部位尺度精度有无下降,是否契合图样规矩的要求。   3)冲裁后的毛刺是否超越规矩的要求,有无显着的改变。拉伸件侧壁有无拉毛,曲折件曲折视点有无显着改变等。   (2)判定方法   在做冲模技能判守时,对制件质量的查看应分三个阶段进行:   1)制件的首件查看。制件的首件查看应在冲模完结设备在压力机上及调整后试冲时进行。行将初次冲压出的几个制件,进行具体查看其形状、尺度精度,并与前一次冲模查验时的测定值作比较,以查看冲模的设备及运用是否正确。   2)冲模运用中的查看。冲模在运用过程中,应随时对制件进行质量查看,以及时把握、了解冲模在运用中的作业状况。其首要查看方法是:丈量尺度、孔位、形状精度;调查毛刺状况。经过查看,随时能够把握冲模的磨损和运用功能状况。   3)末件查看。在冲模运用结束后,应将较后几个制件做具体查看,查看断定质量状况。其查看时.应依据工序性质,如冲裁件首要查看外形尺度、孔位改变及毛刺改变状况;拉深件首要查看拉深形状、表面质量及尺度改变状况;曲折件首要查看曲折圆角、形状方位改变状况。经过末件质量查看状况及所冲件的数量,来判别冲模的磨损状况或冲模有补的必要。以防止鄙人一次运用时引起事端或中止出产。   在冲模运用及运用后进行查看,首要意图是确保冲模的精度,能使其确保杰出的作业状况下正常出产,较大极限地延伸冲模的运用寿数和防止制件呈现缺点形成废品。   冲模经过功能、制件质量的两种查看成果,经过分析可基本上断定出冲模的技能状况杰出程度.并以其为首要依据决议冲模修补及作废定见。   在做冲模技能状况判守时.关于每副冲模都应树立技能判定档案,对每—次判定成果填写挂号卡片,处理定见,技能状况状况,以备检用。以便于往后对该冲模能做到正确、合理的运用。   三、冷冲模随机保护性修补   冷冲模在运用过程中,总会呈现缺点及发作一些小缺点。这时,不必将冲模从压力机上卸下,可直接在压力机上进行保护性修补,以使其能正常康复作业,确保出产的正常进行。   (一)冲模随机保护修补内容   冲模随机保护性修补,首要包含以下内容:   1)运用储藏的冲模易损件,替换冲模在作业过程中现已损坏的零件.如在接连模中的挡块,复合模、曲折、拉深模中的定位销、定位板等。   2)运用油石刃磨被磨损而变钝了的凸、凹模刃口,使其变得尖利。   3)运用抛光等对拉深模、冷挤压模等进行作业零件的暂时抛光,以消除因常常运用,而被磨损表面质量下降的影响。   4)紧固松动了的固定螺钉及冲模其他零件。   5)替换卸料绷簧及橡胶垫等。   6)调整冲模因磨损而变大了的凸、凹模空隙以及定位设备。   7)替换被损坏了的顶杆及顶料杆等。   8)替换冲模其他易损的辅佐零件。   (二)冲模随机保护性修补方法   冲模的随机保护性修补,首要是在出产现场环境下,对冲模暂时发作的缺点进行保护性修整,暂时替换一些比较简单的易损零件或进行暂时的调整.不需求杂乱的调整、研配和查验。其方法如下所述。   1.替换新件   冲模在运用过程中,简单损坏需替换的零件首要包含两种:一种是通用标准零件,如内六角螺钉、销钉、模柄、绷簧、橡胶垫等。另一种则是冲模的易损零件,如凸模、凹模和定位设备零件。   2.修磨作业零件的作业面   1)当冲裁模中的凸、凹模刃口磨损的程度不大,为了削减冲模拆开而影响定位圆柱销与销孔的合作精度以及凸、凹模空隙,一般不必将凸、凹模拆下,可在压力机上用几组不同规格的油石蘸火油在刃口面上顺着一个方向轻轻地对刀口进行刃磨,直到刃口光滑、尖利停止。   2)关于拉深和曲折模的作业表面,常常因磨损而会有金属微粒粘附在表面,致使作业表面呈现道道划痕而严峻影响制品的表面质量。这时,可先用弧形油石或细砂纸,将凹模圆弧面打光,然后再用氧化铬抛光。在打光与抛光过程中,有必要使凹模洞口遍地光滑,在圆弧面与型腔圆柱面和凹模端面联接处,要光滑陡峭过渡而没有任何棱边。若修磨后凹模圆角变大.可将凹模卸下,从头镀硬铬后再抛光,直到适宜停止。   3.修正被损坏及变形的零件   因为冲模的长时间运用,某些零件在冲压力及条料的冲击、撞压下,简单发生变形乃至被损坏。如拉深模中压料板的压料面.长时间触摸板料及受压会失掉表面的平坦性,影响冲压质量,这时应将其磨平。又如在级进模中,导料板经长时间运用后,很简单被条料磨损而变形,这时可将其卸下,把触摸条料的面用平面磨床磨平。然后再扩展螺钉孔和销钉孔,从头安装后使之康复到本来的精度。如是部分磨损,可选用补焊的方法,在磨平后持续运用。   4.紧固冲模上的松动零件   冲模在运用过程中,因为压力机压力的激烈冲击.有些零件如固定板、导料板、和卸料板上的螺钉受振而松动,致使这些零件方位改变而影响冲模的精度和作业功能,严峻时会使冲模损坏,削减冲模运用寿数。因而,在冲模作业过程中,应随时对其调查,若一旦发现螺钉松动,必定要将其拧紧后再进行运用。   5.修磨受损害的刃口   在模具作业过程中.若冲裁模刃口呈现崩刃或呈现裂纹,且崩刃及裂纹不严峻、冲模精度要求不高时,可用油石或风动砂轮对刃口进行修磨。用风动砂轮进行修磨时,可先用风动砂轮将崩刃或裂纹部位的不规矩断面修磨成油滑过渡的断面,然后用油石细心研磨成尖利刃口。   6.补加光滑油   冲模因为常期作业,故作业一段时间后,要在导向部位加添光滑油,以削减磨损,添加冲模寿数。   冲模的随机保护性修补,是保护和保养冲模、进步冲模运用效果和寿数的一项重要办法。因而,有必要细心操作,确保质量,并要在修补后进行细心的查看,以确保修补后的运用效果。   四、冷冲模的保养   冷冲模是一种比较精细而又结构杂乱的工艺配备。它的制造周期较长,本钱较高,出产中又具有成套性。因而,为了确保正常出产的作业,进步制件质量,下降制件本钱.延伸冲模运用寿数,改善冲模的技能状况,对冲模有必要进行精心的保养。冲模的保护和保养作业,应贯穿在冲模的运用、冲模的修补和冲模的保管作业各个环节之中。   冷冲模的保养,首要包含以下几方面内容:   (一)冲模运用前的查看   1)冷冲模在运用前,要对照工艺文件进行查看,所运用的冲模是否正确.规格、类型是否与工艺文件一起。   2)操作者应了解冲模的运用功能、结构特色及效果原理,并了解运用操作方法。   3)查看所运用的冲模是否无缺.运用的冲压材料是否契合工艺图样要求,防止因为原材料质量欠好,而损坏冲模。   4)查看所运用的设备是否合理,如压力机的行程、压力机吨位、漏料孔巨细是否与所运用的冲模配套。   5)查看冲模在压力机上的设备是否正确,上摸板、下模板是否紧固在压力机上。   (二)冲模运用过程中的查看   1)冲模在调整开机前,必定要查看冲模表里有无异物,所冲的毛坯、板料是否洁净、规整。   2)操作现场必定要清洁、工件要摆放规整。   3)冲模在试冲后的头几件制品要按图样细心查看,合格后再正常开机批量出产,以防冲模开端就带病作业。   4)冲模在运用中,要恪守操作规矩,防止乱放、乱砸、乱碰。   5)在作业中,要随时查看冲模作业状况,发现异常现象要随时进行保护性修补。   6)要守时对冲模的作业件表面及活动合作进行表面光滑。   (三)冲模运用后的查看   1)冲模运用后,要按操作规程正确的将冲模从压力机卸下,不能乱拆、乱卸,以使冲模损坏。   2)拆开后的冲模,要擦试洁净,并涂油防锈。   3)冲模的吊运应保险、慢起、慢放。   4)选取在冲模要停止运用后的几个零件,进行全面查看,以断定检修与否。   5)查看冲模运用后的技能状况状况,如螺钉松后要拧紧,并无缺及时送入指定地址寄存。   (四)冲模的检修保护   1)冷冲模要定时依据冲模技能状况状况进行检修,以坚持和进步冲模的精度,并使作业功能一直处于杰出状况。   2)在检修时—定要按检修工艺进行,检修后要进行调整、试冲及做技能状况判定。   (五)冲模的寄存   1)冲模入库时要进行细心细心的查看,并做好冲模技能功能判定。   2)在保管冲模时,有必要进行分类保管,树立健全保管档案。   3)所运用的冲模,较好由专人保管。   4)寄存冲模的地址或仓库,必定要枯燥且通风杰出。   5)常期不必的冲模,必定要定时擦试,涂油,防止生锈。   五、冷冲模的保管   (一)冷冲模处理方法   冷冲模的处理方法应该是:帐、物、卡相符,分类进行处理。   1.模具处理卡   冲模处理卡是指记载模具号和称号、模具制造日期、制造单位、制品称号、制品图号、材料规格类型、零件草图、所运用的设备、模具运用条件、模具加工件数及质量状况的记载卡片.有些还记载有模具技能状况判定成果及模具修补、改善的内容等。模具处理卡,一般挂在模具上,要求一模一卡。在冲模运用后,要当即填写作业日期、制件数量及质量状况等有关事项,与模具同时交库保管。冲模处理卡—般用塑料袋寄存,防止长时间运用损坏。   2.模具处理台帐   模具处理台帐是对库存悉数模具进行总的挂号与处理,首要记载模具号及模具寄存、保管地址,以便运用时及时取存。   3.模具的分类处理   模具的分类处理是指模具应按其品种和运用机床分类进行保管。也有的是按制件的类别分类保管,—般是按制件分组收拾。如一个冲压制品,别离要经冲裁、拉深、成形三个工序才干完结,这样可将这三个工序的运用冲裁(落料)模、拉探(屡次拉深)模、成形模等—系列冲模一致放在一块处理和保存,以便在运用时,很便利的存取模具,而且依据制件状况便于保护和保养。   在冷冲压出产中,按上述方法应常常对库存冲模进行查看,使其物、帐、卡相符,若发现问题,应及时处理,防止影响正常出产进行。处理好模具,对改善模具技能状况,确保制品质量和确保冲压出产顺利进行至关重要。因而,有必要细心做好这项作业,它也是出产经营处理的一项重要内容。   (二)模具入库发放的处理方法   模具的保管,应使模具常常处于可运用状况。为此,模具入库与发放应做到以下几点:   1)入库的新模具,有必要要有查验合格证.并要带有经试模后或运用后的后几件合格制品件。   2)在运用后的模具若需入库进行从头保管,必定要有技能状况判定阐明,承认下次是否还能持续运用。   3)经修补保养康复技能状况的模具,经自检和互检应是承认合格能运用的模具。   4)经修补后的模具,须经查验人员检验合格后并带有试件的模具。   不契合上述要求的冲模,必定不允许入库,防止滥竽充数,防止模具鄙人次运用时.形成不该有的丢失。冲模的发放须凭出产指令即按出产通知单,填明产品称号、图号、模具号后方可发放运用。如有的工厂以出产计划为准,提早做好难备,随后由保管人员向调度(工长)宣布“冲模传票”,表明此模已具有出产条件。工长再向冲模运用(设备)人员下达冲模设备使命,设备工再向库内提取传票所指定的冲模进行设备运用。这是因为,因为大批量出产条件下,每日仿制、修补冲模较多,假如不加以运用上的操控及乱用、乱发放,成果会使几套仿制模有朝—日都处于修补状况而使修补和出产都处于被迫,给出产带来影响。因而,这就需求模具处理人员有激烈的责任心和责任感,对所保管的模具,要做到心中有数,时间把握每套模具技能状况状况,以确保出产的正常进行。   (三)模具的保管方法   在保管模具时,要注意以下几点:   1)贮存模具的模具库,应通风杰出,防止湿润,并便于寄存及取出。   2)贮存模具时,应分类寄存并摆放规整。   3)关于小型模具应放在架上保管,大、中型模具应放在架底层或进口处.底面应垫以枕木并垫平。   4)模具寄存前,应擦洗洁净,并在导柱顶端的储油孔中,注入光滑油后盖上纸片,以防尘埃及杂物落人导套内影响导向精度。   5)在凸模与凹模刃口及型腔处,导套导柱触摸面上涂以防锈油,以防长时间寄存后生锈。   6)模具在寄存时,应在上、下模之间垫以限位木块(特别是大、中型模具),以防止卸料设备长时间受压而失效。   7)模具上、下模应全体安装后寄存,决不能拆开寄存,防止损坏作业零件。   8)关于长时间不运用的模具,应常常查看其保存无缺程度,若发现锈斑或尘埃应给以及时处理。   (四)模具作废的处理方法   模具作废的处理,应按下述规矩进行:   1)凡归于天然磨损而又不能修正的模具,应由技能判定部分写出作废单,并注明原因及尺度磨损改变状况,经出产部分会签后处理模具作废手续。   2)凡磨损坏的模具,应由责任者填写作废单,注明原因,经出产部分批阅后处理作废手续。   3)由图样改版或工艺改造使模具作废的,应由规划部分填写作废单.写明改版后的图号及原因.经工艺部分会签后.按天然磨损作废处理。   4)新模具经试模后或签定不合格而无法修正时,应由技能部分安排工艺人员,模具规划、制造者一起进行分析后,找出作废原因及改善方法后,再进行作废处理。   (五)易损件库存量的处理   冲模经长时间运用,总会使作业零件及辅佐零件磨损及损坏,所以为了使模具损坏后能敏捷康复到本来的技能状况,缩短修补周期,在工厂备件库中.贮备必定数量的易损件是完全必要的,但库存量不要过大。假如某易损件消耗量较大,应分析原因,采纳各种办法,不要盲目扩展库存。   关于常用的易损件,除贮备必定数量做到及时替换外,还有必要采纳各种办法,使其习惯出产上的需求。如关于简单损坏的零件,应改用耐性特别高的模具材料;关于简单磨损的零件,应选用耐磨的优质合金钢及硬质合金材料制造。   此外,为了防止因为备件处理不善而影响出产或因为直销不及时而形成出产停歇,则对每一副模具应断定出易损件品种,在库中至少应备有2—3个备用件,以确保出产能正常进行。

镀锌钢板

2017-06-06 17:50:04

镀锌板是为防止钢板表面遭受腐蚀,延长其使用寿命,在钢板表面涂以一层 金属 锌,这种涂锌的钢板称为镀锌板或镀锌钢板。镀锌板广泛用于建筑、轻工、汽车、家电、电子、农牧渔业、商品包装等 行业 。近几年,我国建筑、家电等 行业 对镀锌板需求增长很快, 市场 潜力较大,尤其是近年来随着建筑轻型结构的迅速发展,轿车 产量 的逐年增加,家用电器的广泛普及,合资、独资企业电子产品的大量出口,使镀锌板的消费量增长较快。按生产方式分,镀锌板分为热镀锌板和电镀锌板。目前,国内镀锌板的生产无论是数量还是品种均不能满足 市场 需求,每年需要大量进口,国内镀锌板生产 市场 占有率较低,国内 市场 供不应求, 市场 潜力巨大。镀锌板按生产及加工方法可分为以下几类:①热浸镀锌板将薄钢板浸入熔解的锌槽中,使其表面粘附一层锌的薄钢板。目前主要采用连续镀锌工艺生产,即把成卷的钢板连续浸在熔解有锌的镀槽中制成镀锌钢板;②合金化镀锌板这种钢板也是用热浸镀锌法制造,但在出槽后,立即把它加热到500℃左右,使其生成锌和铁的合金被膜。这种镀锌板具有良好的涂料的密着性和焊接性;③电镀锌板用电镀锌法制造这种镀锌钢板具有良好的加工性。但镀层较薄,耐腐蚀性不如热浸法镀锌板;④单面镀和双面差镀锌板单面镀锌钢板,即只在一面镀锌的产品。在焊接、涂装、防锈处理、加工等方面,具有比双面镀锌板更好的适应性。为克服单面未涂锌的缺点,又有一种在另面涂以薄层锌的镀锌板,即双面差镀锌板;⑤合金、复合镀锌板它是用锌和其他 金属 如铅、锌制成合金乃至复合镀成的钢板。这种钢板既具有卓越的防锈性能,又有良好的涂装性能。镀锌板的外观(1)表面状态:镀锌板由于涂镀工艺中处理方式不同,表面状态也不同,如普通锌花、细锌花、平整锌花、无锌花以及磷化处理的表面等。(2)镀锌板应具有良好的外观,不得有对产品使用有害的缺陷,如无镀、孔洞、破裂以及浮渣、超过镀厚、擦伤、铬酸污垢、白锈等。国外标准对具体外观缺陷规定都不十分明确。国内镀锌板生产消费存在的主要问题1、生 产量 不足,机组能力小2、生产品种、规格、质量有待提高①生产品种不全②生产规格单一③缺少锌合金镀层板④热镀锌板原料自给率低总之,高质量、高档次的热镀锌板,尤其是汽车、家电用镀锌板,要求具有非常高的表面质量、优良的板型、不同的合金化镀层、深冲性能良好、强度高。因此,生产高质量热镀锌板生产是一个系统工程,对冶炼、连铸、热轧、冷轧、镀锌等一系列生产工序均提出质量一贯制的要求,生产难度较大。 

电工钢板

2019-03-18 11:00:17

电工钢板(又称硅钢片、矽钢片)是指一种含碳量极低(经退火后,含碳量在0.005%以下)的硅铁软磁合金,一般硅含量为0.5%~4.5%,铁中加入硅可以提高其电阻率和最大导磁率。主要用来制造各种变压器、电动机和发电机的铁芯。电工钢板分为两大类,即取向电工钢板和无取向电工钢板。 开发电工钢板一种具有高导电性能和高耐蚀性的无铬钢板 ,据说这种无铬耐蚀的高导电性钢板是在其表面上涂复了一层很薄的无铬涂层 ,这种涂层既能提供耐蚀性又提高了其导电性。日本钢公司开发的一种新型电工钢板

冷轧钢板

2019-03-18 11:00:17

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板,俗称冷板。  冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较,冷轧钢板厚度更加精确,而且表面光滑、漂亮,同时还具有各种优越的机械性能,特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬,不太适合加工,所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下,如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下;最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。   一般来说,冷轧钢板分为三代产品:沸腾钢为第一代,铝镇静钢为第二代,无间隙原子刚(IF钢)为第三代。   您查询的关键词是:冷轧钢板  。如果打开速度慢,可以尝试快速版;如果想保存快照,可以添加到搜藏。 "冷轧钢板""2,冷轧钢板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.56",,"2.5","6000x1200 7000x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","22.25""0.45",,"4.01",,"2.75",,"24.48""0.5",,"4.45",,"3.0",,"26.70""0.6",,"5.34",,"3.5",,"31.50""0.7",,"6.23",,"4.0",,"35.60""0.8",,"7.12",,"4.5",,"40.05""0.9",,"8.01",,"5.0",,"44.50""1.0",,"8.90",,"5.5",,"48.95""1.1",,"9.79",,"6.0",,"53.40""1.2",,"10.68",,"6.5",,"57.85""1.35",,"12.02",,"7.0",,"62.30""1.5",,"13.35",,"7.5",,"66.75""1.65",,"14.60",,"8.0",,"71.20""1.8",,"16.02",,"9.0",,"80.10""2.0",,"17.80",,"10.0",,"89.00""2.25",,"20.03""冷轧铜条""2,冷轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.20","200~400","500~800","1.78",,"2.50","200~500","500~2000","22.25""0.25",,,"2.23",,"2.75",,,"24.48""0.30",,,"2.67",,"3.00",,"1000~2000","26.70""0.35",,,"3.12",,"3.50",,,"31.15""0.40","200~500","500~2000","3.56",,"4.00",,,"35.60""0.45",,,"4.01",,"4.50",,,"40.05""0.50",,,"4.45",,"5.00",,,"44.50""0.60",,,"5.34",,"5.50",,,"48.95""0.70",,,"6.23",,"6.00",,,"53.40""0.80",,,"7.12",,"6.50",,,"57.85""0.90",,,"8.01",,"7.00",,,"62.30""1.00",,,"8.90",,"8.00",,,"71.20""1.20",,,"10.68",,"9.00",,,"80.10""1.30",,,"11.57",,"10.00",,,"89.00""1.40",,,"12.46",,"11.00",,,"97.90""1.50",,,"13.35",,"12.00",,,"106.8""1.60",,,"14.69",,"13.00",,,"115.7""1.80",,,"16.02",,"14.00",,,"124.6""2.00",,,"17.80",,"15.00",,,"133.5""注 铜板和条(热轧,冷轧)的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4和TU和TUP,其化学成分应符合YB145-71规定""特殊用冷轧黄铜条""3,特殊用冷轧黄铜条(YB555-65)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)""0.20","200~300","500~1000","1.76",,"1.6","200~500","500~2000","14.08""0.25",,,"2.20",,"1.8",,,"15.84""0.30","200~400",,"2.64",,"2.0",,,"17.60""0.35",,,"3.08",,"2.5",,,"22.00""0.40","200~500",,"3.52",,"2.75",,,"24.20""0.45",,,"3.96",,"3.0",,,"26.40""0.50",,"500~2000","4.40",,"3.5",,,"30.80""0.55",,,"4.84",,"4.0",,,"35.20""0.60",,,"5.28",,"4.5",,,"39.60""0.70",,,"6.16",,"5.0",,,"44.00""0.80",,,"7.04",,"5.5",,,"48.40""0.90",,,"7.92",,"6.0",,,"52.80""1.0",,,"8.8",,"6.5",,,"57.20""1.2",,,"10.56",,"7.0",,,"61.60""1.3",,,"11.44",,"8.0",,,"70.40""1.4",,,"12.32",,"9.0",,,"79.20""1.5",,,"13.20",,"10.0",,,"88.00""注 (1)标记举例:用H80制成的,厚度为0.8mm,宽度为300mm,长度为1000mm的1/2硬条标记为:"" 条H80-Y20.8x300x1000YB555-65."" (2)冷轧条分为定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.""多面体的体积和表面积""多面体的体积和表面积""图形",,"尺寸符号",,"重心(G)""立方体",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方体∧棱柱∨",,,,"G0=h/2""三棱柱",,,,"Go=h/2""棱锥",,,,"Go=h/4""棱台""圆柱和空心圆柱∧管∨",,,,"Go=h/2""斜线直圆柱""直圆锥",,,,"Go=h/4""圆台""球",,,,"在球心上""球扇形∧球楔∨",,,,"Go=3/4(r-h/2)""球缺",,,,"Go=3(2r-h)2/4(3r-h)""圆环体∧胎∨",,,,"在环中心上""球带体",,,,"Go=h1+h/2""桶形",,,,"在轴交点上""椭球体",," a,b,c-半轴",,"在轴交点上""交叉圆柱体",,,,"在二轴交点上""梯形体""常用图形求面积,体积公式""常用图形求面积,体积公式""图形",,"尺寸符号","面积(F) 表面积(S)","重心(G)""正方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""三角形",,,,"GB=1/3BD CD=DA""平行四边形",,,,"对角线交点上""任意四边形""正多边形",,,,"在o点上""菱形",,,,"在对角线交点上""梯形""圆形",,,,"在圆心上""椭圆形",,"a·b-主轴","F= (π/4) a·b","在主轴交点G上""扇形""弓形""圆环",,,,"在圆心O""部分圆环""新月形",,,,"O1G=(π-P)L/2P","L d/10","2d/10 3d/10 4d/10","5d/10 6d/10 7d/10 ","8d/10 9d/10","P 0.40","0.79 1.18 1.56","1.91 2.25 2.55","2.81 3.02""抛物线形""等多边形",,," "," 在内,外接圆心处""冷轧黄钢板""4,冷轧黄钢板(YB460-71)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)""0.20","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","1.70",,"2.00","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","17.00""0.25",,"2.13",,"2.25",,"19.13""0.30",,"2.55",,"2.50",,"21.25""0.35",,"2.98",,"2.75",,"23.38""0.40",,"3.40",,"3.00",,"25.50""0.45",,"3.82",,"3.50",,"29.75""0.50",,"4.25",,"4.00",,"34.00""0.60",,"5.10",,"4.50",,"38.20""0.70",,"5.95",,"5.00",,"42.50""0.80",,"6.80",,"5.50",,"46.75""0.90",,"7.65",,"6.00",,"51.00""1.00",,"8.50",,"6.50",,"55.25""1.10",,"9.35",,"7.00",,"59.50""1.20",,"10.20",,"7.50",,"63.75""1.35",,"11.48",,"8.00",,"68.00""1.50",,"12.75",,"9.00",,"76.50""1.65",,"14.03",,"10.00",,"85.00""1.80",,"15.30""注 (1)冷轧软板仅供应H59,H62,H68,H80,H90,H96,HMn58-2,HPb59-1牌号.""(2)冷轧1/2硬板仅供应H62,H65,H68,H90,HMn58-2牌号.""(3)冷轧特硬板仅供应H62牌号.""(4)冷轧板材长度分为:定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.其通常长度为500~2000mm,但长度不得小于宽度.""特殊用冷轧黄钢板""5,特殊用冷轧黄钢板(YB555-65)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.52",,"2.25","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","19.60""0.45",,"3.96",,"2.50",,"22.00""0.50",,"4.40",,"2.75",,"24.20""0.55",,"4.84",,"3.0",,"26.40""0.60",,"5.28",,"3.5",,"30.80""0.70",,"6.16",,"4.0",,"35.20""0.80",,"7.04",,"4.5",,"39.60""0.90",,"7.92",,"5.0",,"44.00""1.0",,"8.80",,"5.5",,"48.40""1.1",,"9.68",,"6.0",,"52.80""1.2",,"10.56",,"6.5",,"57.20""1.35",,"11.88",,"7.0",,"61.60""1.5",,"13.20",,"7.5",,"66.60""1.65",,"14.52",,"8.0",,"70.40""1.8",,"15.84",,"9.0",,"79.20""2.0",,"17.60",,"10.0",,"88.00""注 标记举例:用H90制成的,厚度为2.5mm,宽度为600mm,长度为1200mm的软板标记为:"" 板H90M2.5x600x1200xYB555-65.""铝及铝合金板""6,铝及铝合金板""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)"0.5,"1.40",,"2.5","7.00",,"9.0","25.2",,"25","70.0"0.6,"1.68",,"3.0","8.40",,"10.0","28.0",,"30","84.0"0.8,"2.24",,"3.5","9.80",,"12.0","33.6",,"35","98.0""1.0","2.80",,"4.0","11.20",,"14.0","39.2",,"40","112.0""1.2","3.36",,"5.0","14.00",,"16.0","44.8",,"50","140.0""1.5","4.20",,"6.0","16.80",,"18.0","50.4",,"60","168.0""1.8","5.04",,"7.0","19.60",,"20.0","56.0",,"70","196.0""2.0","5.60",,"8.0","22.40",,"22.0","61.6",,"80","224.0""注 (1)板的宽度有1000,1200和500mm;板的长度有2000,3000和4000mm."" (2)理论重量按LY11,LY12和LD10等牌号铝合金的比重2.8计算,对于其他牌号的铝合金和工业纯铝,应乘以"" 下列换算系数:LD2-0.961;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975;LC4-1.018;工业纯铝-0.967.""铅板""7,铅板(GB1470-79)""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)""1.0","11.37",,"3.0","34.11",,"5.0","56.85",,"9.0","102.33""1.5","17.06",,"3.5","39.80",,"6.0","68.22",,"10.0","113.70""2.0","22.74",,"4.0","45.48",,"7.0","79.59",,"12.0","136.44""2.5","28.43",,"4.5","51.17",,"8.0","90.96",,"16.0","170.55""注 (1)铅的化学成分按GB469-64标准."" (2)板材理论重量按比重为11.34计算,宽度按500mm进张."" (3)板材成卷供应,厚度大于15mm的板材,以片状供应,厚度不大于1.5mm的板材,应用木箱包装.""纯铜带"",纯铜带(YB464-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.05","18~150","≥20","0.44",,"0.50","18~300","≥10","4.45""0.06",,,"0.53",,"0.55",,,"4.90""0.07",,,"0.62",,"0.60",,,"5.34""0.08",,,"0.71",,"0.65",,,"5.79""0.09",,,"0.80",,"0.70",,,"6.23""0.10","18~300",,"0.89",,"0.75",,,"6.68""0.12",,,"1.07",,"0.80",,,"7.12""0.15",,,"1.34",,"0.85",,,"7.57""0.18",,,"1.60",,"0.90",,,"8.01""0.20",,,"1.78",,"1.00",,,"8.90""0.22",,,"1.96",,"1.10",,,"9.79""0.25",,,"2.23",,"1.20",,"≥7","10.68""0.30",,,"2.67",,"1.30",,,"11.57""0.35",,,"3.12",,"14.40",,,"12.46""0.40",,,"3.56",,"1.50",,,"13.35""0.45",,,"4.01""注 纯铜带的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4,TUP,其化学成分符合YB145-71的规定.""铝带""9,铝带""宽 度 (mm)","厚 度 (mm)","3","4","5","6","8","10","12","重 量 (kg/m)""10","0.080","0.107","0.134 0.161 0.268 0.335 0.402 0.536 0.670 0.804 1.072 1.340 1.608","0.161","0.214","0.268","0.322""12","0.096","0.129",,"0.193","0.257","0.322","0.386""15","0.121","0.161",,"0.241","0.322","0.402","0.482""20","0.161","0.214",,"0.322","0.429","0.568","0.643""25","0.201","0.268",,"0.402","0.568","0.670","0.804""30","0.241","0.332",,"0.482","0.643","0.804","0.965""40","0.322","0.429",,"0.643","0.858","1.072","1.286""50","0.402","0.536",,"0.804","1.072","1.340","1.608""60","0.482","0.643",,"0.965","1.286","1.608","1.930""80","0.643","0.858",,"1.286","1.715","2.144","2.573""100","0.804","1.072",,"1.608","2.144","2.680","3.216""120","0.965","1.286",,"1.930","2.573","3.216","3.859""注 表中重量系以LY11,LY12,(比重2.8)为准,其他合金应乘以下列系数:"" L1~L6-0.967;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975.""热轧铜条""1,热轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""4.0","200~500","≥1000","35.60",,"8.0","200~500","≥1000","71.20""4.5",,,"40.05",,"9.0",,,"80.10""5.0",,,"44.05",,"10.0",,,"89.0""5.5",,,"48.95",,"11.0",,,"97.9""6.0",,,"53.40",,"12.0",,,"106.8""6.5",,,"57.85",,"13.0",,,"115.7""7.0",,,"62.30",,"14.0",,,"124.6""7.5",,,"66.75",,"15.0",,,"133.5""英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""(二)英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm""0","0.324","8.230",,"14","0.080","2.032",,"28","0.0148","0.376""1","0.300","7.020",,"15","0.072","1.829",,"29","0.0136","0.345""2","0.276","7.010",,"16","0.064","1.626",,"30","0.0124","0.315""3","0.252","6.401",,"17","0.056","1.422",,"31","0.0116","0.295""4","0.232","5.893",,"18","0.048","1.219",,"32","0.0108","0.274""5","0.212","5.385",,"19","0.040","1.016",,"33","0.0100","0.254""6","0.192","4.877",,"20","0.036","0.914",,"34","0.0092","0.234""7","0.176","4.470",,"21","0.032","0.813",,"35","0.0084","0.213""8","0.160","4.064",,"22","0.028","0.711",,"36","0.0076","0.193""9","0.144","3.658",,"23","0.024","0.610",,"37","0.0068","0.173""10","0.128","3.251",,"24","0.022","0.559",,"38","0.0060","0.152""11","0.116","2.946",,"25","0.020","0.508",,"39","0.0052","0.132"12,"0.104","2.642",,"26","0.018","0.457",,"40","0.0048","0.122"13,"0.092","2.337",,"27","0.0164","0.417",,"41","0.0044","0.112""刺钢丝""三)刺钢丝规格和重量""说 明 和 用 途",,"钢丝划号 (号)","刺间距离 (mm)","每kg长度 (m)","重量 (kg/km)""刺钢丝又名刺铁丝,俗称"花园铅丝"(因常作花园围墙篱笆之用,故名),系以镀锌钢丝经机器铰缠而成(一般用#12或#14钢丝制作).适于作各种围墙(尤其是公园围墙和临时建筑场地 的围墙)篱笆或障碍物用.",,"12","65","6.4","156",,,"75","7.2","139",,,"100","7.9","127",,,"125","8.6","116",,"14","65","10.9","91.8",,,"75","11.5","86.9",,,"100","13.0","76.9",,,"125","14.0","71.4""注 (1)刺钢丝规格的注写方法为"钢丝直径(号数)x尖数x刺间距离",或"钢丝直径(号数)x刺间距离"."" (2)表列刺钢丝的"每kg长度"和"重量",仅供参考.""刻痕钢丝""四)刻痕钢丝规格和重量""直径 (mm)","断面积 (mm2)","重量 (kg/m)"," 抗 拉 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,"屈 服 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,,"I组","II组","I组","II组""2.5","4.90","0.034","190","160","152","128""3","7.06","0.056","180","150","144","120""4","12.56","0.094","170","140","136","112""5","19.63","0.150","160","130","126","104""注 刻痕钢丝是由预应力混凝土结构用碳素钢丝(冷拔高强度钢丝)在经特制的"刻痕机"进行刻痕而制成的"" 预应力钢筋混凝土结构用的钢丝.""钢丝网""五)钢丝网规格和重量""号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)"20,"1.6","1.5",,"6","2.0","6.7",,"2.5","0.7","2.0",,"1","0.3","0.9","3.0","5.1",,"5.5","0.5","0.6",,"2.2","0.45","1.0",,,"0.35","1.2""18","1.6","1.7",,,"1.6","4.7",,,"0.6","1.6",,"0.9","0.25","0.7","3.0","5.7",,,"2.0","7.2",,,"0.8","2.9",,,"0.3","1.0""16","1.6","1.9",,"5","0.7","1.1",,"2","0.4","0.9",,,"0.4","1.6","3.0","6.3",,,"1.4","4.1",,,"0.5","1.3",,"0.8","0.22","0.6""14","1.4","1.7",,,"2.2","8.9",,,"0.6","1.9",,,"0.28","0.9","2.5","4.9",,"4.5","0.5","0.7",,,"1.2","6.0",,,"0.3","1.0""12","1.2","1.4",,,"1.0","2.3",,"1.8","0.4","0.9",,"0.7","0.2","0.6","2.5","5.7",,,"1.8","6.8",,,"0.5","1.4",,,"0.25","0.9""11","1.2","1.5",,"4","0.6","1.0",,,"0.7","2.6",,,"0.30","1.2","2.5","6.1",,,"1.0","2.6",,"1.6","0.3","0.6",,"0.63","0.22","0.7""10","1.0","1.2",,,"1.4","4.8",,,"0.4","1.0",,,"0.25","0.9","2.5","6.6",,"3.5","0.7","1.5",,,"0.45","1.3",,,"0.28","1.2""9","1.0","1.3",,,"1.0","2.9",,"1.4","0.30","0.7",,"0.56","0.22","0.8","2.2","5.7",,,"1.2","4.0",,,"0.35","0.9",,,"0.25","1.0""8","0.7","0.7",,"3.2","0.45","0.7",,,"0.65","2.7",,,"0.28","1.2","1.2","2.1",,,"0.9","2.7",,"1.2","0.28","0.7",,"0.5","0.22","0.9","1.8","4.5",,,"1.2","4.3",,,"0.35","1.0",,,"0.25","1.1""7","0.7","0.8",,"2.8","0.4","0.7",,,"0.4","1.3",,,"0.3","1.5","1.2","2.3",,,"0.7","1.8",,"1.1","0.28","0.7",,"0.45","0.2","0.8","1.8","5.0",,,"1.0","3.6",,,"0.35","1.1",,,"0.25","1.2""6","0.7","0.9",,"2.5","0.4","0.7",,,"0.40","1.4",,,"0.2","0.9","1.2","2.7",,,"0.5","1.1",,"1","0.25","0.7",,"0.4","0.25","1.3""钢板网""六)钢板网规格和重量""品 种","规 格 (mm)",,,,,,"每张大约重量(kg)","生产单位","丝梗厚度 h","孔眼宽度 T","丝梗宽度 b","节 距 t","网面宽度 B","网面长度 L""小","0.5","9","1","25","1800","600","0.875","上海中国钢板网厂",,,,,"2000",,"0.875","0.6","9","1","25","1800","600","1.000",,,,,"2000",,"1.125","0.7","9","1","25","1800","600","1.125",,,,,"2000",,"1.250""网","0.75","9","1","25","1800","600","1.250",,,,,"2000",,"1.375","0.8","9","1","25","1800","600","1.375",,,,,"2000",,"1.500","1","9","1","25","1500","600","1.625",,,,,"1800",,"1.875",,,,,"2000",,"2.125""大","0.5","7","1.2","2.5","1800","2800","5.85","上海中国钢板网厂","1","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","11.70",,"9","1.2","25","1500","3000","7.95",,,,,"1800","3600","11.70",,"9","1.1","25","2000","4000","14.76",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","11.70",,,,,"2000","4000","14.60","1.2","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","14.04",,"9","1.2","25","1800","3600","14.04",,,"1.1","25","2000","4000","17.71",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","14.04""网",,,,,"2000","4000","17.71","1.5","11","1.6","40","1800","3600","17.55",,"17","2.3","65","2000","4000","22.14","2","17","2.3","65","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"22","3.0","75","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"27","3.8","100","2000","4000","29.52","3","36","4.6","115","2000","4000","44.28",,"45","6.1","150""钢丝纱""七)钢丝纱(窗纱)规格和重量""规 格","面 积(m2/卷)","重 量",,"(kg/卷)","(kg/m2)""14目3x100","27.87","12.5","0.448""14目4x100","37.16","16.6","0.448""16目3x100",27.87,13.5,"0.484""16目4x100",37.16,"18.0","0.484""紫铜丝布""(八)紫铜丝布(紫铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","22","2.691",,"30","30","2.5116",,"65","36","1.9734""10","24","2.691",,"35","31","1.9734",,"70","36","1.9734""12","24","3.0498",,"40","32","1.9734",,"75","37","1.9734""16","26","2.1528",,"45","33","1.9734",,"80","37","1.9734""20","27","2.1528",,"50","34","1.9734",,"100","39","1.7940""24","30","2.1528",,"55","35","1.9734""28","30","2.3322",,"60","35","1.7940""黄铜丝布""(九)黄铜丝布(黄铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","24","1.5787",,"24","34","0.8611",,"50","38","0.6458""10","26","1.2375",,"26","34","0.8252",,"60","41","0.3947""12","27","1.2558",,"28","36","0.5386",,"70","42","0.3347""14","27","1.3276",,"30","36","0.5741",,"80","43","0.3767""16","32","0.6100",,"32","36","0.6100",,"90","43","0.4306""18","33","0.6100",,"34","36","0.6279",,"100","43","0.5023""20","33","0.7176",,"36","36","0.7176",,"110","44","0.3347""22","33","0.8611",,"40","36","0.4844",,"120","44","0.4485""铝及铝合金直角角型材""1,铝及铝合金直角角型材(XC111)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b"1,"12","1","0.234","0.065",,"25","25","1.3","0.734","0.204",,"49","38.3","5","3.590","0.998"2,"12","2","0.440","0.122",,"26","25","1.6","0.777","0.216",,"50","38.3","6.3","4.444","1.235"3,"12.5","1.6","0.377","0.105",,"27","25","2","0.964","0.268",,"51","40","2","1.564","0.435"4,"15","1","0.294","0.082",,"28","25","2.5","1.189","0.331",,"52","40","2.5","1.944","0.540"5,"15","1.2","0.353","0.098",,"29","25","3","1.410","0.392",,"53","40","3","2.320","0.645"6,"15","1.5","0.434","0.121",,"30","25","3.2","1.509","0.429",,"54","40","3.5","2.671","0.743"7,"15","2","0.564","0.157",,"31","25","3.5","1.641","0.456",,"55","40","3.5","2.694","0.749"8,"15","3","0.820","0.223",,"32","25","4","1.857","0.516",,"56","40","4","3.057","0.850"9,"16","1.6","0.429","0.119",,"33","25","5","2.242","0.623",,"57","40","5","3.750","1.043"10,"16","2.4","0.726","0.202",,"34","27","2","1.041","0.289",,"58","45","4","3.475","0.961"11,"18","1.5","0.524","0.146",,"35","27","2","1.090","0.303",,"59","45","5","4.277","1.189"12,"18","2","0.684","0.190",,"36","30","1.5","0.884","0.246",,"60","50","3","2.920","0.812"13,"19","1.6","0.585","0.163",,"37","30","2","1.164","0.324",,"61","50","4","3.857","1.072"14,"19","2.4","0.861","0.239",,"38","30","2.5","1.438","0.400",,"62","50","5","4.777","1.328"15,"19","3.2","1.125","0.313",,"39","30","3","1.720","0.478",,"63","50","6","5.655","1.572"16,"20","1","0.397","0.110",,"40","30","4","2.240","0.623",,"64","50","6.5","6.110","1.699"17,"20","1.2","0.473","0.131",,"41","32","2.4","1.491","0.415",,"65","50","12","10.600","2.947"18,"20","1.5","0.584","0.162",,"42","32","3.2","1.957","0.554",,"66","60","5","5.777","1.606"19,"20","2","0.764","0.212",,"43","32","3.5","2.131","0.592",,"67","60","6","6.855","1.906"20,"20","3","1.140","0.137",,"44","32","6.5","3.723","1.036",,"68","75","7","10.010","2.783"21,"20","4","1.475","0.410",,"45","35","3","2.005","0.557",,"69","75","8","11.360","3.158"22,"20.5","1.6","0.633","0.176",,"46","35","4","2.657","0.739",,"70","75","10","14.000","3.892"23,"23","2","0.680","0.245",,"47","38","2.4","1.773","0.498",,"71","90","5","8.750","2.433"24,"25","1.2","0.597","0.166",,"48","38.3","3.5","2.562","0.712",,"72","90","8","13.760","3.825""注 (1)铝及铝合金型材的尺寸,规格等摘自冶金工业部1970年颁发的《铝及铝镁合金挤压型材》."" (2)表内理论重量均按LY12合金比重(2.78)进行计算,其他材料的比重及换算系数如下:L1~L7(2.71)-0.975;"" LF2(2.68)-0.964;LF11(2.65)-0.953;LF21(2.73)-0.982;LD2(2.70)-0.971;"" LY11(2.80)-1.007;LY12(2.78)-1.000."" (3)铝型材主要生产单位有哈尔滨和西北铝加工厂等.西北铝加工厂的产品断面为100~400cm2,宽度小于530mm."" (4)铝及铝合金型材规格的表示方法是型材类别组号加序号,如XC111-4,其中,XC表示型材,后面的数字依次为"" 类别,组号,连字符后的数字为顺序号.""铝及铝合金直丁字型材""2,铝及铝合金直丁字型材(XC211)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"15","25","1","0.405","0.113",,"34","32","45","3","2.259","0.628"2,"19","50","2","1.378","0.383",,"35","32","48","2.4","1.874","0.521"3,"20","20","2","0.760","0.211",,"36","32","50","3","2.423","0.674"4,"20","30","1.5","0.740","0.206",,"37","35","32","1.5","1.000","0.278"5,"20","35","2","1.060","0.295",,"38","35","35","4","2.713","0.754"6,"20","37","2","1.117","0.311",,"39","35","40","2","1.468","0.408"7,"20","42","2","1.200","0.334",,"40","37","42","2","1.500","0.417"8,"20","42","2","1.240","0.345",,"41","38","44","5","3.910","1.087"9,"20","45","2","1.860","0.517",,"42","38","50","3.5","3.026","0.841"10,"20","90","2","2.160","0.600",,"43","38","50","4.8","3.990","1.109"11,"21","53","1.8","1.300","0.361",,"44","39","75","5","5.510","1.532"12,"22","48","1.4","1.960","0.267",,"45","40","36","5","3.350","0.933"13,"25","29","1.6","0.847","0.25",,"46","40","45","3","2.479","0.689"14,"25","35","1.5","0.890","0.247",,"47","40","45","4","3.274","0.910"15,"25","38","2.5","1.510","0.420",,"48","40","68","3","3.300","0.917"16,"25","40","2","1.280","0.356",,"49","40","130","6","9.840","2.736"17,"25","45","2.5","1.726","0.480",,"50","42","64","4","4.100","1.140"18,"25","45","3","2.019","0.561",,"51","45","40","2.2","1.860","0.517"19,"25","45","4","2.708","0.753",,"52","50","70","4","4.640","1.300"20,"25","48","1.4","1.012","0.288",,"53","51","51","2.4","2.443","0.679"21,"25","48","1.5","1.082","0.301",,"54","54","50","3","3.040","0.845"22,"25","50","2","1.499","0.417",,"55","54","68","3","3.608","1.003"23,"25","50","2.5","1.851","0.515",,"56","64","50","5","5.781","1.607"24,"26","38","2.5","1.554","0.432",,"57","63","50","2","2.320","0.645"25,"27","70","2","1.920","0.534",,"58","70","37","2","2.100","0.584"26,"29","38","1.6","1.055","0.293",,"59","70","55","2","2.460","0.684"27,"29","58","2.5","2.180","0.606",,"60","74","66","6","8.080","2.246"28,"29","58","3.5","2.991","0.831",,"61","75","40","3","3.400","0.945"29,"30","40","1.5","1.040","0.289",,"62","80","50","2","2.560","0.712"30,"30","40","2","1.370","0.381",,"63","80","60","3","4.110","1.143"31,"30","45","3","2.150","0.597",,"64","83","50","3","3.953","1.099"32,"30","56","4","3.280","0.912",,"65","90","77","10","15.700","4.365"33,"30","68","6.5","6.100","1.696""热轧铜板""1,热轧铜板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽 度 (mm)",,,,,,,,"理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)","600~900","1000~1200","1300~1500","1600~1800","1900~2200","2300~2500","2600~2800","2900~3000","最 大 长 度 (mm)""5.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"44.50""5.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"48.95""6.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"53.40""6.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"57.85""7.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"62.30""7.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"66.75""8.0","4000","5000","6000","5500","4800","4200","3700","3500","71.20""9.0","4000","5000","6000","5000","4200","3700","3300","3100","80.10""10.0","4000","5000","5500","4500","3800","3300","3000","3000","89.0""11.0","4000","5000","5000","4000","3400","3300","2800",,"97.9""12.0","4000","5000","4500","3800","3100","2800",,,"106.8""13.0","4000","5000","4000","3600","2900",,,,"115.7""14.0","4000","4500","3800","3300","2700",,,,"124.6""15.0","4500","4300","3600","3100","2500",,,,"133.5""16.0","4500","4300","3400","2000","2400",,,,"142.4""17.0","4500","4000","3200","2700","2200",,,,"151.3""18.0","4500","3900","3000","2600",,,,,"160.2""19.0","4500","3700","2800","2400",,,,,"169.1""20.0","4500","3500","2600","2300",,,,,"178.0""21.0","4000","3300","2500","2200",,,,,"186.9""22.0","4000","3000","2400","2100",,,,,"195.8""23.0","4000","3000","2400","2000",,,,,"204.7""24.0","3500","2800","2200","1900",,,,,"213.6""25.0","3500","2800","2000","1800",,,,,"222.5""注 热轧板的宽度按100mm进级.""铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材(XC511)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积 (mm2)","理论重量 (kg/m)","H","B","b"1,"23","38","1.2","1.178","0.327"2,"26","34.5","3.5","3.157","0.875"3,"57","48","8","11.000","3.058"4,"68","38","2.5","3.509","0.976"5,"86","60","6","11.600","3.225""铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材(XC411)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"12.7","15.9","1.6","0.688","0.191",,11,"38","25","3","2.613","0.726"2,"20","15","1.2","0.578","0.163",,12,"44","25","4","3.690","1.001"3,"20","15","1.5","0.721","0.200",,13,"50","19","2.5","2.102","0.584"4,"25","18","1.5","0.885","0.246",,14,"80","30","3","4.020","1.118"5,"25","23","3.5","2.267","0.630",,15,"80","35","4","5.680","1.579"6,"31","25","2.5","1.900","0.528",,16,"80","40","4","6.080","1.690"7,"32","14","1.9","1.000","0.303",,17,"100","30","3","4.620","1.284"8,"34","25","3.5","2.764","0.768",,18,"100","35","4","6.480","1.801"9,"36","26","2.5","2.075","0.577",,19,"100","40","4","6.880","1.913"10,"36","31.5","3.2","2.960","0.823""铝及铝合金槽形型材""3,铝及铝合金槽形型材(XC311)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"13","13","1.6","0.561","0.156",,"31","45","40","3","3.638","1.011"2,"13","34","3.5","2.579","0.717",,"32","46","25","5","4.300","1.195"3,"20","15","1.3","0.620","0.172",,"33","50","20","4","5.331","0.926"4,"21","28","4","2.868","0.797",,"34","50","30","2","2.120","0.589"5,"25","13","2.4","1.134","0.315",,"35","50","30","4","4.131","1.148"6,"25","15","1.5","0.795","0.221",,"36","55","25","5","4.819","1.340"7,"25","18","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"37","55","30","3","3.299","0.917"8,"25","18","2","1.140","0.317",,"38","60","25","4","4.131","1.148"9,"25","20","2.5","1.520","0.423",,"39","60","35","5","6.000","1.668"10,"25","20","4","2.280","0.634",,"40","60","40","4","4.480","1.245"11,"25","25","5","3.250","0.904",,"41","63","38.3","4.8","6.275","1.744"12,"30","15","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"42","64","38","4","5.300","1.473"13,"30","18","1.5","0.960","0.267",,"43","70","25","3","3.449","0.959"14,"30","20","2","1.335","0.371",,"44","70","25","5","5.500","1.529"15,"30","22","6","3.870","1.076",,"45","70","26","3.2","3.700","1.028"16,"32","25","1.8","1.437","0.399",,"46","70","30","4","4.931","1.371"17,"32","25","2.5","1.925","0.535",,"47","70","40","5","7.080","1.968"18,"35","20","2.5","1.770","0.492",,"48","75","45","5","7.831","2.177"19,"35","30","2","1.833","0.510",,"49","80","30","4.5","6.010","1.671"20,"38","50","5","6.560","1.824",,"50","80","35","4.5","6.414","1.783"21,"40","18","2","1.453","0.404",,"51","80","35","6","8.280","2.302"22,"40","18","2.5","1.795","0.499",,"52","80","40","4","6.131","1.704"23,"40","18","3","2.129","0.592",,"53","80","40","6","8.900","2.474"24,"40","21","4","2.960","0.823",,"54","80","60","4","7.480","2.079"25,"40","25","2","1.730","0.481",,"55","90","50","6","10.680","2.969"26,"40","25","3","2.549","0.709",,"56","100","40","6","10.080","2.802"27,"40","30","3.5","3.250","0.904",,"57","100","48","6.3","11.550","3.211"28,"40","32","3","2.978","0.828",,"58","100","50","5","9.580","2.663"29,"40","50","4","5.280","1.468",,"59","128","40","9","17.100","4.754"30,"45","20","3","2.370","0.659""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管1""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","0.25","0.30","0.40","0.50","0.60","0.80","1.0","1.2",1.4,"1.5",1.6,1.8,"2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""50",,,,,,,"1.21","1.44","1.68","1.79","1.91","2.14","2.37","2.59","2.93","3.25","3.48","3.70","4.01","4.54","5.05","5.55""(51)",,,,,,,"1.23","1.47","1.71","1.83","1.96","2.18","2.42","2.64","2.99","3.32","3.55","3.79","4.10","4.64","5.16","5.67""53",,,,,,,"1.28","1.53","1.78","1.91","2.03","2.27","2.52","2.76","3.11","3.46","3.70","3.94","4.27","4.83","5.38","5.92""(54)",,,,,,,"1.31","1.59","1.82","1.94","2.07","2.31","2.56","2.81","3.18","3.53","3.77","4.02","4.36","4.93","5.49","6.04""56",,,,,,,"1.36","1.62","1.89","2.02","2.15","2.40","2.66","2.92","3.30","3.66","3.92","4.17","4.53","5.13","5.71","6.29""(57)",,,,,,,"1.38","1.65","1.92","2.05","2.18","2.45","2.71","2.97","3.36","3.74","4.00","4.25","4.62","5.23","5.83","6.41""60",,,,,,,"1.46","1.74","2.02","2.16","2.31","2.58","2.86","3.13","3.55","3.94","4.22","4.49","4.88","5.52","6.16","6.78""63",,,,,,,"1.53","1.83","2.13","2.27","2.42","2.71","3.01","3.30","3.72","4.15","4.44","4.73","5.13","5.81","6.49","7.14""65",,,,,,,"1.58","1.89","2.20","2.35","2.50","2.80","3.11","3.40","3.85","4.29","4.59","4.89","5.31","6.02","6.71","7.40""(68)",,,,,,,"1.65","1.98","2.36","2.46","2.62","2.93","3.26","3.57","4.04","4.49","4.81","5.12","5.57","6.31","7.05","7.77""70",,,,,,,"1.70","2.03","2.37","2.53","2.70","3.02","3.35","3.68","4.16","4.36","4.96","5.23","5.74","6.51","7.27","8.01""(73)",,,,,,,"1.78","2.12","2.47","2.64","2.82","3.16","3.50","3.84","4.35","4.84","5.18","5.52","6.00","6.81","7.60","8.38""75",,,,,,,"1.82","2.18","2.54","2.71","2.90","3.24","3.60","3.95","4.46","4.97","5.32","5.68","6.17","7.00","7.82","8.62""(76)",,,,,,,"1.85","2.21","2.57","2.76","2.94","3.29","3.65","4.00","4.53","5.05","5.40","5.75","6.26","7.10","7.93","8.75""80",,,,,,,,,"2.71","2.90","3.09","3.47","3.84","4.22","4.77","5.32","5.69","6.07","6.60","7.49","8.37","9.24""(83)",,,,,,,,,"2.82","3.02","3.21","3.60","4.00","4.37","4.96","5.52","5.92","6.31","6.86","7.79","8.71","9.62""85",,,,,,,,,"2.88","3.08","3.29","3.69","4.09","4.48","5.08","5.66","6.06","6.46","7.04","7.98","8.93","9.83""(89)",,,,,,,,,"3.02","3.24","3.45","3.86","4.29","4.70","5.33","5.94","6.36","6.77","7.38","8.38","9.38","10.33""90",,,,,,,,,"3.05","3.27","3.49","3.91","4.34","4.76","5.39","6.01","6.43","6.86","7.47","8.47","9.49","10.47""95",,,,,,,,,"3.21","3.46","3.68","4.13","4.59","5.02","5.70","6.36","6.81","7.26","7.90","8.98","10.04","11.10"100,,,,,,,,,"3.40","3.64","3.88","4.35","4.83","5.30","6.00","6.70","7.17","7.65","8.32","9.46","10.59","11.70""(102)",,,,,,,,,"3.46","3.73","3.97","4.45","4.93","5.40","6.13","6.84","7.32","7.81","8.50","9.67","10.82","11.96""(108)",,,,,,,,,"3.67","3.95","4.21","4.72","5.23","5.74","6.50","7.25","7.77","8.29","9.02","10.26","11.49","12.70"110,,,,,,,,,"3.74","4.03","4.28","4.81","5.32","5.84","6.62","7.39","7.92","8.43","9.19","10.46","11.70","12.93"120,,,,,,,,,,"4.36","4.66","5.25","5.83","6.38","7.24","8.07","8.66","9.22","10.06","11.44","12.93","14.30"125,,,,,,,,,,,,"5.46","6.06","6.64","7.54","8.42","9.02","9.61","10.50","11.91","13.37","14.80"130,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"7.86","8.78","9.40","10.00","10.92","12.43","13.92","15.48""(133)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"8.05","8.98","9.59","10.25","11.18","12.75","14.26","15.75"140,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.11","10.79","11.80","13.42","15.05","16.65"150,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.85","11.52","12.65","14.39","16.11","17.85"160,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"13.53","15.38","17.25","19.09"170,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"14.31","16.31","18.35","20.30"180,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"15.20","17.30","19.50","21.59"190,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"18.29","20.60","22.80"200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"19.67","21.65","24.00""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管2""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","5.5","6.0","6.5","7.0","7.5","8.0","8.5","9","9.5","10",11,12,"钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""5""6""7""8""9""10","0.518","0.536","0.561""11","0.592","0.615","0.647""12","0.666","0.694","0.734","0.789""(13)","0.740","0.774","0.820","0.888""14","0.814","0.852","0.906","0.986""(15)","0.888","0.932","0.993","1.09","1.17","1.23""16","0.962","1.10","1.08","1.18","1.28","1.35""(17)","1.04","1.09","1.17","1.28","1.39","1.48""18","1.11","1.17","1.25","1.38","1.50","1.60""(19)","1.18","1.25","1.34","1.48","1.61","1.73","1.54","1.92""20","1.26","1.33","1.42","1.58","1.72","1.85","1.97","2.07""(21)","1.33","1.41","1.51","1.68","1.83","1.97","2.10","2.22""22","1.41","1.49","1.60","1.77","1.94","2.10","2.24","2.37""(23)","1.48","1.57","1.68","1.87","2.05","2.22","2.37","2.52""(24)","1.55","1.64","1.77","1.97","2.16","2.34","2.51","2.66","2.81","2.93""25","1.63","1.72","1.86","2.07","2.28","2.47","2.64","2.81","2.97","3.11""(27)","1.78","1.88","2.03","2.27","2.50","2.71","2.92","3.11","3.29","3.45""28","1.85","1.96","2.11","2.37","2.61","2.84","3.05","3.26","3.45","3.68""29","1.92","2.02","2.20","2.47","2.72","2.96","3.19","3.40","3.60","3.80","3.98""30","2.00","2.12","2.29","2.56","2.83","3.08","3.32","3.55","3.77","3.97","4.16","4.34""32","2.15","1.28","2.46","2.76","3.05","3.33","3.59","3.85","4.09","4.32","4.53","4.74""34","2.29","2.43","2.63","2.96","3.27","3.58","3.87","4.14","4.41","4.66","4.90","5.13""(35)","2.37","2.51","2.72","3.06","3.38","3.70","4.00","4.29","4.57","4.83","5.09","5.33""36","2.44","2.59","2.81","3.16","3.50","3.82","4.14","4.44","4.73","5.01","5.27","5.52""38","2.59","2.75","2.98","3.35","3.72","4.07","4.41","4.74","5.05","5.35","5.64","5.92","6.18","6.44""40","2.74","2.91","3.15","3.55","3.94","4.32","4.68","5.03","5.37","5.70","6.01","6.31","6.60","6.88""42","2.89","3.07","3.32","3.75","4.16","4.56","4.95","5.33","5.69","6.04","6.38","6.71","7.02","7.32""44.5","3.07","3.25","3.54","4.00","4.44","4.87","5.29","5.70","6.09","6.47","6.84","7.20","7.55","7.88""45","3.11","3.31","3.58","4.04","4.49","4.93","5.36","5.77","6.17","6.56","6.94","7.30","7.65","7.99","8.32","8.63""48","3.33","3.54","3.84","4.34","4.83","5.30","5.76","6.21","6.65","7.08","7.49","7.89","8.28","8.66","9.03","9.57""水,煤气输送钢管""1,水,煤气输送钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)234-63]""公称内径",,"钢 管 螺 纹",,"外径 (mm)","普通管",,"加厚管""mm","(in.)",,"壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)","壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)""6","1/8''","10","2","0.89","2.50","0.46""8","1/4''","13.5","2.25","0.62","2.75","0.73""10","3/8''","17","2.25","0.82","2.75","0.97""15","1/2''","21.25","2.75","1.25","3.25","1.44""20","3/4''","26.75","2.75","1.63","3.5","2.01""25","1''","33.5","3.25","2.42","4","2.91""32","1 1''/4","42.25","3.25","3.13","4","3.77""40","1 1''/2","48","3.5","3.84","4.25","4.58""50","2''","60","3.5","4.88","4.5","6.16""70","2 1''/2","75.5","3.75","6.64","4.5","7.88""80","3''","88.5","4","8.34","4.75","9.81""100","4''","114","4","10.85","5","13.44""125","5''","140","4.5","15.04","5.5","18.24""150","6''","165","4.5","17.81","5.5","21.63""注(1)表列钢管是适用于输送水,煤气及采暖系统等用的钢管.分镀锌和不镀锌(黑管)两种;又分带螺纹和"" 不带螺纹两种;按壁厚可分为普通钢管,加厚钢管和薄壁钢管."" (2)钢管的长度规定为:无螺纹的黑管4~12m;带螺纹的黑管和镀锌管4~9m.每批允许有10%的(按根数计算)"" 2~4m长的短尺钢管或4~9m米长的接管(即用一个管接头将两根钢管连接而成)."" (3)经供需双方协议,可供应定尺长度或倍尺长度的钢管.其最大长度可到8m.按倍尺交货的钢管,每个单"" 倍尺应留切口5~10mm."" (4)钢管用易焊接的软钢制造,钢号和制造方法(炉焊或电焊)均由制造厂选择."" (5)钢管应能承受下列规定压力的水压试验:普通钢管和薄壁钢管:20kg/cm2;加厚钢管30kg/cm2.""电丝套管""2,电丝套管规格,重量表""名称","外径 (mm)","近似内径 (mm)","管壁厚度 (mm)","重量 (kg/m)","每吨长度 (m/t)""5/8''","15.9","12.3","1.8","0.626","1597.44""3/4''","19.1","15.5","1.8","0.627","1302.08""1''","25.4","21.8","1.8","0.628","954.20""1 1''/4","31.8","28.2","1.8","0.629","750.75""1 1''/2","38.1","34.5","1.8","0.630","620.73""电焊钢管""电焊钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)242-68]""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)",0.5,0.6,0.8,"1.0","1.2","1.4","1.5","1.6","1.8","2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","3.8","4.0",4.2,4.5,4.8,"5.0",5.5,"钢 管 的 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""(5)","0.055","0.065","0.083","0.099""(6)","0.068","0.080","0.108","0.123""(7)","0.080","0.095","0.122","0.148""(8)","0.092","0.110","0.142","0.173","(0.202)""(9)","0.105","0.125","0.162","0.197","0.231""10","0.117","0.139","0.182","0.222","(0.261)""(11)","0.129","0.154","0.201","0.247","0.290""12","0.142","0.169","0.221","0.271","0.320","0.365","(0.388)","0.411""(13)",,"0.184","0.241","0.296","0.349","0.400","0.425","0.451""(14)",,"0.199","0.260","0.321","0.379","0.434","0.462","0.490""15",,"0.214","0.280","0.345","0.409","0.468","(0.499)","0.529""16",,"0.228","0.300","0.370","0.438","0.503","(0.536)","0.568""(17)",,"0.244","0.320","0.395","0.468","0.537","0.573","0.608""18",,"0.258","0.340","0.419","0.497","0..572","(0.610)","0.647","(0.717)","(0.789)""(19)",,"0.274","0.359","0.444","0.527","0

镀铝锌钢板

2017-06-06 17:50:03

镀铝锌钢板镀铝锌钢板是日常生活中经常应用到的一种重要的合金材料。镀铝锌钢板是铝锌合金结构组成,由55%铝、43%锌与2%硅在600℃高温下凝固而组成,其整个结构由铝-铁-硅-锌,形成致密的四元结晶体的一种合金。镀铝锌钢板发展沿革  1965年 伯利恒( BIEC International Inc)开发及注册专利   1972年 美国伯利恒钢铁 最初 商业生产   相关适用标准:ASTM A792/M ; JIS G3321; BS EN 10215-1995; GB/T 14978-2008镀铝锌钢板特性  镀铝锌钢板具有不少优良的特性:耐腐蚀性:  “镀铝锌钢卷”的耐腐蚀性主要是因为铝,铝的保护功能。当锌受到磨损时,铝便形成一层致密的氧化铝,阻止耐腐蚀性物质进一步的腐蚀内部。耐热性:  铝锌合金钢板具有良好的耐热性,可以承受300多摄食度的高温,与镀铝钢板的抗高温氧化性很类似,经常应用于   烟囱管,烤箱、照明器器和日光灯罩。热反射性:  镀铝锌钢板的热反射率很高,是镀锌钢板的两倍 ,人们经常用它来作隔热的材料。经济性:  因为55%AL-Zn的密度比Zn的密度小,所以在重量相同和镀金层厚度相同的情况下, 镀铝锌钢板比镀钢板的面积大3%以上。镀铝锌钢板的应用用途  建筑:屋顶、墙壁、车库、隔音墙、管道和组合式房屋等   汽车:消声器、排气管、雨刷附件、燃料箱、货车箱 等   家电:冰箱背板、煤气炉、空调机、电子微波炉、LCD边框、CRT防爆带、LED背光源、电气柜等   农用:猪舍、鸡舍、粮仓、温室用管道等   其它:断热保温盖、热交换器、干燥器、温水器等使用注意事项  保管:应该库房等室内保管,保持干燥通风,勿在酸性气候中久置。室外保管时需防止淋雨,避免结露造成氧化色斑产生。   运输:避免外部撞击,运输工具上需用SKID承托钢卷,减少堆垛,做好防雨措施。   加工:COILCENTER剪切加工时,需使用铝板相同润滑油。需钻孔或切割镀铝锌钢板时,需及时清除散落的铁屑。镀铝锌钢板常用后处理  DRY 干燥   OIL 涂油   Chromate 铬酸钝化   AFP/Galva clean 耐指纹   Non-Gr,Gr-free 无镉耐指纹        以上是镀铝锌钢板的介绍,更多信息请详见上海 有色金属 网。 

锰钢板价格

2017-06-06 17:49:52

锰钢板价格,价格行情相对比较稳定,小编带你先来了解一下锰钢的定义和用途。锰钢是一种高强度的钢材,主要用于需要承受冲击、挤压、物料磨损等恶劣工况条件。最重要的特点是在强烈的冲击、挤压条件下,表层迅速发生加工硬化现象,使其在心部仍保持奥氏体良好的韧性和塑性的同时硬化层具有良好的耐磨性能。这是其它材料所不及的。铸造耐磨钢和抗磨钢以奥氏体锰钢为主,在一定的条件下经适当热处理的低合金钢也有很好的效果,石墨钢则用于润滑摩擦的工况条件。  耐磨高锰钢特别适用于冲击磨料磨损和高应力碾碎磨料磨损工况,常用于制造球磨机衬板,锤式破碎机锤头,颚式破碎机颚板,圆锥破碎机轧臼壁、破碎壁,挖掘机斗齿、斗壁,铁道道岔,拖拉机和坦克的履带板等抗冲击、抗磨损的铸件。高锰钢还用于:防弹钢板,保险箱钢板等。焊缝金属含Mn、Cr、Ni等合金,焊缝金属无磁性。耐蚀性、强韧性极好、抗高温及加工硬化等特点。焊接工艺好,交直流两用。直流施焊为佳,可焊接各种合金钢如弹簧钢、高锰钢、42CrMo、38CrMoAl螺杆、铸钢齿轮及双相不锈钢(2205)等。还可用于异种钢焊接。焊前焊条200℃烘焙1h,焊接时宜小电流施焊.注意通风.65Mn钢具有较高的硬度,淬透性好,脱碳倾向少,价格低廉,切削性好等优点,但它有过热敏感性,易产生淬火裂纹,并有回火脆性,65Mn钢用途广泛,主要生产成钢丝,钢带、用于制造各种截面较少的扁,圆弹簧,板簧和弹簧片等。65Mn钢在汽车业,电子业,火车等交通运输工具用量很大。它可制造圆锯片,用以高速切削各类型钢,钢管和钢筋。该材料的用途:该钢可以冷轧成钢板、钢带和钢丝,制作弹簧。65Mn也可以制作成如钳工的凿子、划针等工具。65Mn钢可制作一般截面尺寸为8~15mm左右的小型弹簧如各种小尺寸扁、圆弹簧,底垫弹簧、弹簧发条,也适于制作弹簧环、气门簧、离合器簧片、刹车弹簧等。65Mnj是制作各种板弹簧,丝弹簧的材料之一,汽车、电车、火车等交通运输工具用量很大;在仪表、家具,乃至儿童玩具等制造中也得到广泛应用。更多关于锰钢板价格的信息和资讯,请访问本站锰频道!

Q/BQB302-2003---冷成型用热连轧钢板及钢带钢材标准-钢材知识

2019-03-15 11:27:19

本标准与引用标准及国标相近牌号对照表 表A.1Q/BQB 302-2003DIN1614-2 -86EN111-77EN10111 -1998JIS G 3131 -1996GB 710-91 /GB 711-88DD11(StW22) SPHCStW22FeP11DD11SPHC08DD12(StW23) SPHDRRStW23FeP12DD12SPHD08或08AlDD13(StW24) SPHEStW24FeP13DD13SPHE08Al附加说明: 本标准与DIN1614-2:1986、EN10111:1998和JIS G3131:1996的一致性程度为非等效。 本标准代替Q/BQB 302-1999。 本标准与Q/BQB 302-1999相比主要变化如下: —— 规范性引用文件中引用了Q/BQB300-2003、Q/BQB301-2003、GB/T 8170-1987; —— 按EN10111将牌号修改为DD11、DD12和DD13,并删除了牌号UStW23; —— SPHC、SPHD的公称厚度扩大为≤16mm,并增加相应的厚度允许偏差; —— 增加了表面处理方式和表面质量级别; —— 按EN10111修改了牌号DD系列的Mn含量规定,并将屈服强度参考值改为规定值; —— 增加了弯曲试验仲裁时的试样宽度; —— 对于热轧酸洗表面钢板及钢带,厚度扩大为≤6mm; —— 将钢带允许带有的缺陷部分不得超过每卷总长度“8%”修改为“6%”; —— 修改了力学性能和工艺性能的组批规定和复验规定。