热轧钢材是经过高温加热轧制而成的钢材，它的强度不是很高，但足以满足我们的使用，它的塑性、可焊性较好，因此我们比较常用；冷轧钢是普通热轧钢经过强力拉拔超过应变硬化阶段的钢材，它的强度很高，但韧性、可焊性差，比较硬、脆！    热轧低碳钢 Q/BQB 302 SPHCSPHDSPHE JIS G3131 SPHCSPHDSPHE 适用于制造冷成型加工的零件。  StW22StW23StW24 DIN 1614(EN10111) StW22 (DD11)STW23 (DD12)StW24 (DD13)  一般结构用钢 Q/BQB 303 SS 330SS 400SS 490SS 540 JIS G3101 SS 330SS 400SS 490SS 540 用于建筑、桥梁、船舶、车辆等一般结构件。  St 33St 37-2St 37-3St 44-2St 50-2St 52-3 DIN 17100(EN10025) St 33 (S185)St 37-2 (S235JR)St 37-3 (S235JO)St 44-2 (S275JR)St 50-2 (E295)St 52-3 (S355JO)  焊接结构用钢 Q/BQB 303 SM 400ASM400BSM 400CSM 490ASM490BSM 490CSM490YASM490YBSM520BSM 520C JIS G3106 SM 400ASM400BSM 400CSM 490ASM490BSM 490CSM490YASM490YBSM520BSM 520C 用于建筑、桥梁、船舶、车辆、石油罐、工程机械等要求焊接性能优良的结构件。  B520JJ --- --- 混凝土搅拌车筒体用热连轧钢板。  Welten590RE NSC Welten590RE 可焊高强度钢板，用于压力容器、油罐、工程机械、采矿机械、压力水管等。  B590GJAB590GJB --- ---  机械结构用钢 Q/BQB 303 C 22C35S 20CS 35C DIN 17200JIS G4501 C 22C35S 20CS 35C 用于经切削等加工并热处理后使用的机械结构件。  细晶粒结构钢 --- StE255StE355 DIN 17102 StE255StE355 适用于焊接的细晶粒结构钢。  钢管用钢带钢 Q/BQB 303 SPHT1SPHT2SPHT3 JIS G3132 SPHT1SPHT2SPHT3 用于焊接钢管。  汽车结构用钢 Q/BQB 310BZJ 311BZJ 312BZJ 313BZJ 314 SAPH 310SAPH 370SAPH 400SAPH 440 JIS G3113 SAPH 310SAPH 370SAPH 400SAPH 440 用于要求成形性加工性能的汽车构架、车轮等汽车结构件。  QStE 340TMQStE 380TMQStE 420TMQStE 460TMQStE 500TM SEW 092(EN10149-2) QStE 340TM (---)QStE 380TM (---)QStE 420TM (S420MC)QStE 460TM (S460MC)QStE 500TM (S500MC) 冷变形用热轧粒钢，用于要求良好冷成型性能并有较高或高强度要求的汽车大梁等结构件。  B330CLB380CLB420CL --- --- 有良好冷成型性能，用于汽车滚型车轮轮网及轮幅。  B440QZRB480QZR --- --- 制造汽车传动轴管用。  B 320L B 550LB 510L B 420LB 510DL --- --- 汽车大梁、横梁用。  锅炉及压力容器用钢 Q/BQB 320 HII19Mn6 DIN 17155 (EN10028-2) HII (P265GH)19Mn6 (P355GH) 除保证常温性能外，还保证较高温度下的力学性能，适用于蒸汽锅炉设备，较高工作温度的压力容器及类似结构件。  Q/BQB 320 SB410 JIS G3103 SB410  Q/BQB 321 B440HPB490HP JIS G3116 SG295SG325 焊接气瓶用钢板。  船体结构用钢 Q/BQB 330 ABD LR,BVGL,DNV 及ABS 船规 ABD 可按各国船级社规范供货。  耐大气腐蚀钢 Q/BQB 340 WTSt37-2WTSt52-3 SEW087 (EN10155) WTSt37-2 (S235J2W)WTSt52-3 (S355J 2G 1W) 用于制造集装箱、铁道车辆、石油井架、工程机械等要求耐大气腐蚀的结构件截流和燃料。  NAW 400NAW 490 NSC NAW 400NAW 490  B460NQRB490NQR --- ---  耐硫酸腐蚀钢 S-ten2 NSC S-ten2 用于制造含介质的容器等。  耐海水腐蚀钢 Mariloy G 41AMariloy S 50A Mariloy G 41AMariloy S 50A 用于采油平台、船舶、海港建筑等结构构件。  高耐候性结构钢 BZJ342 B480GNQR --- --- 用于制造车辆、集装、建筑及其它结构件。  厚度方向性能热连轧钢板 Q/BQB 350 Z15Z25Z35 --- --- 钢板厚度方向性能有良好的抗层状撕裂性能，用于海上采油平台及其它要求厚度性能的结构件。  表面硬化钢 Q/BQB 360 C 10C15 DIN 17210 C 10C15 高纯净低碳钢，供进行表面渗碳或渗氮后进行淬火硬化制造表层高硬度、耐磨、芯部具高韧性的结构件。  S09CKS15CK JIS G4051 S09CKS15CK  高韧性管线钢 BZJ 371 X60RLX70RL API 5L X60X70 供螺旋焊生产石油输送管用高韧性管线钢热轧宽带钢  直缝焊接套管用钢 BZJ 372 J55 API 5CT J55 供制造直缝焊石油套管用  花纹钢板 BZJ 390 BCP 270BCP 340BCP 400 --- --- 扁豆型花纹钢板  自行车用热连轧宽带钢 BZJ 304 SPHT1Z,SPHT2ZSPHT3Z,SPHDZSM50BZ,SM53BZ --- --- 用于制造自行车上、下、后接头，前叉肩、前花盘、链条滚车把横管，中轴等零件  管线用热连轧卷 GB 14164 S205,S240S315S290,S360,S385S415,S450,S480 API 5L Grade A,BX42,X46,X52X56,X60,X65X70 石油、天然气输送管用  1 、热连轧钢板产品简介：     热连轧钢板、带产品，是以板坯（主要为连铸坯）为原料，经加热后由粗轧机组及精轧机组制成带钢。从精轧最后一架轧机出来的热钢带通过层流冷却至设定温度，由卷取机卷成钢带卷，冷却后的钢带卷，根据用户的不同需求，经过不同的精整作业线（平整、矫直、横切或纵切、检验、称重、包装及标志等）加工而成为钢板、平整卷及纵切钢带产品。由于热连轧钢板产品具有强度高，韧性好，易于加工成型及良好的可焊接性等优良性能，因而北广泛应用于船舶、汽车、桥梁、建筑、机械、压力容器等制造行业。随着热轧尺寸精度、板形、表面质量等控制新技术的日益成熟以及新产品的不断问世，热连轧钢板、带产品得到了越来越广泛的应用并在市场上具有越来越强的竞争力。一般说明热连轧钢板产品，钢种规格品种繁多，用途广泛，从一般的工程结构至汽车、桥梁、船舶、锅炉压力容器等制造，都得到大量使用。各种不同用途，对钢板的材质性能、表面质量及尺寸、外形精度等要求也各不相同，因此，必须对热轧钢板产品的品种、材质、特性及其用途有所了解，才能做到经济、合理利用。 2 、力学性能考虑要点 力学性能名词术语（ 1 ）力学性能： 钢板的力学性能式指钢板在受力作用下所显示与弹性或非弹性反应相关或涉及应力——应变关系的性能。抗拉强度、屈服点、伸长率及冲击吸收功是表示热轧钢板力学性能的主要指标。其大小表示钢材抵抗各种作用的能力的大小，是评定钢板材料质量的主要判据，也是钢板制件设计时选材和进行强度计算的主要依据。 （ 2 ）力学性能实验： 测定热轧钢板力学性能的实验主要有拉伸试验及冲击试验等。 （ 3 ）屈服强度： 试样在拉伸过程中，负荷不增加或开始有所降低而试样仍能继续伸长（变形）时的应力。钢材的屈服强度愈低，产生永久变形所需的力愈小，即愈容易成形加工。（ 4 ）抗拉强度： 试样拉伸时，在拉断前所承受的最大应力。当材料所受的外应力大于其抗拉强度时，将会发生破裂，因此，钢板材料的抗拉强度愈大，则表示它愈能承受大的外应力而不断裂。 （ 5 ）伸长率： 试样在拉断后，其标距部分所增加的长度与原标距长度的百分比。伸长率的比数愈大，则表示材料在受力破坏前可以经受永久变形的性能（塑性）愈好；反之则塑性愈差。 （ 6 ）冲击功 （冲击吸收功）：冲击试验时，规定形状和尺寸的试样在冲击力一次作用下折断时所吸收的功，冲击功的大小，表示金属材料对冲击负荷的抵抗能力。冲击功愈高，则材料抗突然脆断的能力愈强。 3 、热连轧钢板产品的选用 1 ）力学性能与可成形性及使用性能的关系    要使钢板获得所需的形状，必须使其永久变形，所采取的工艺可以是局部或整体弯曲、深冲、张拉或这些成型方法的组合。（ 1 ）薄钢板的屈服强度表示出成形后的可成形性和强度，对普通碳素钢板的成形，屈服点值过高，常常有可能发生过大的回弹、成形时容易破断，磨具磨损快以及由于塑性不良而出现缺陷。然而材料的屈服点小于 140Mpa 时，又可能经受不住成形过程中施加的应力，对用于较复杂或复杂成形加工或冲压加工的钢板，通常要求具有比较低的屈服强度值，而且屈服比值愈小，由钢板的成形性能愈好。（ 2 ）中厚板的冷态可成形性与材料的屈服强度和伸长率有直接关系。屈服强度值愈低，产生永久变形所需的应力愈小；伸长率值愈高，高的延展性可以允许承受大的变形量而不致断裂。 （ 3 ）对用于建筑结构、桥梁及机械结构件的钢板，为防止构件断裂，要求钢板材料具有特点的抗拉强度，而为防止构件变形，又要求钢板材料具有一定的屈服强度，因此对这类用途的钢材都要求规定抗拉强度、屈服强度的最小值或范围值。 （ 4 ）对用于承受冲击负荷变形，例如船舶、桥梁、石油、天然气管线用钢板，为防止其使用中发生脆性断裂，又要求其具有一定足够高的冲击韧性 - 冲击功值。 2 ）钢板品种类别的选用 .    热连轧钢板产品包括带（卷）及由其剪切而成的钢板。而钢带（卷）又可分为直发卷及精整卷（分卷，平整分卷及纵切带卷）。    由于直发卷未经重卷，未切除钢带头尾尺寸变化部分并且未经矫直和平整，因此直发卷带有舌头和鱼尾，并且容易发生头尾厚度、宽度不均，边部浪形，折边、塔形以及开卷后出现折皱（腰折）等缺陷，因此对钢板的表面质量，板形要求比较高的用途而言，不宜选用热轧直发卷，而应选用经过精整线重卷、平整的平整卷。 5、“热轧带钢 ” １．产品：普通碳素结构钢钢带 标准：（ GB/T3524-1992 、 GB/T8164-1993 、 QJ/HG02.22-1995 规格：厚度： 2.0 -5.0mm 宽度： 100 -230mm 钢种： HG5 、 Q215 、 Q235 ２．产品：优质碳素结构钢钢带 标准：（ GB8749-1998 、 GB/T8164-1993 size="3"> ） 规格：厚度： 2.5 -4.5mm 宽度： 钢种： 10# 、 20# 、 45# 、 50# 、 40Mn 、 45Mn 、 65Mn ３．产品：自行车链条用钢带 标准： QJ/HG02.15-1991 规格：厚度： 2.75 -4.5mm 宽度： 125 -205mm 钢种： ZL20MnSi 用途：焊接管用、工业链条用、自行车变速链条用、建筑机械、工具用、弹簧用（卷帘门弹簧、卡簧等） “ 冷轧带钢 ” １．产品：碳素结构钢冷轧钢带 标准：（ GB716-1991 、 QJ/HG02.22-1995 ） 规格：厚度： 0.5 -2.0mm 宽度：≤ 205mm 钢种： HG5 、 Q215 、 Q235 ２．产品：优质碳素结构钢冷轧钢带 标准： GB3522-1983 规格：厚度： 0.5 -2.0mm 宽度：≤ 205mm 钢种： 10# 、 20# 、 40Mn 、 45# 、 50# ３．产品：自行车链条用冷轧钢带 标准：（ QJ/HG02.15-1991 、 GB3522-1983 ） 规格：厚度： 0.5 -2.0mm 宽度： 125 -205mm 钢种： ZL20MnSi 用途：工业链条用、自行车变速链条用、刀具用、家具用 “ 小型材 ” １．产品：圆钢（小轧股份公司生产） 标准：（ GB699-1988 、 GB700-1988 、 GB3077-1988 、 GB702-1986 、 QJ/HG02.17-1991 ） 规格： 10 -42mm （ 10 、 12 、 14 、 16 、 18 、 20 、 22 、 25 、 28 、 30 、 32 、 34 、 35 、 36 、 38 、 40 、 42mm ） 钢种： Q215 、 Q235 、 45# 、 50# 、 HG3 、 20CrMnTi 、 20Cr 、 20CrMo 、 35CrMo 、 42CrMo 、 60Si2Mn 、 40Cr 用途：机械零件、轴、五金工具、齿轮用钢、标准件用钢等；螺铆、螺栓、轴、销、自行车、摩托车等配 件 ２．产品：螺纹钢筋 标准 :(GB1499-1991 、 BS4449:1988 ） 规格： 10 、 12 、 14 、 16 、 18 、 20 、 22 、 25 、 28 、 32 、 36 、 40mm 钢种： 20MnSi 、 20MnV 、 25MnSi 、 BS20MnSi 。 用途：建筑用材、包括可供高层建筑用材。（钢筋混凝土结构用）

热轧钢管采用的是德国技术的制造设备及先进的涡流探伤设备；美国进口的清除内毛刺和冷缩径工艺设备，确保内壁光洁平滑无损伤及焊缝再处理；国内最先进的自动化天然气高温退火炉，退火温度达1000℃，彻底消除钢管制造过程中产生的内应力；国内最先进的排辊式制管及缩径设备；水压试验工序改为100％静水压常规工序，压力不低于60公斤，确保产品质量过关。设备完善的化学实验室、物理实验室、万能材料试验机、洛氏硬度仪等高端检验检测设备，为产品质量提高可靠保障。 热轧钢管适用范围： 本产品广泛应用于中低压流体输送管道，煤气管道、天然气管道、供水管道、污水处理管道、空调管道、消防管道、建筑工程、化工工程、石油管道工程、供热取暖工程及设备工程等是近两年开发的国家“九五”重点高新技术推广项目和国家“火炬”计划项目，适用于石油天然气工业。给排水工程、化学工业、电力工业农业灌溉、城市建设，也可用于气体输送管道用，并可做结构管使用，打桩、桥梁、码头、道路等通用。 热轧钢管的材质： 本产品材质为10#，20#，35#，45#，X42, X60, X80, Q235，Q295，Q345，也可根据客户需求自选材质。 热轧钢管的标准： 本产品依据API SPEC 5L石油天然气标准、API SPEC 5CT石油套管规范,GB/T8163-1999输送流体用钢管GB/T8162-1999结构用钢管标准。 定尺长度： 定尺长度为8000～12000mm±500mm，也可根据客户需求长度生产。 热轧钢管可供应的规格型号：除下列规格型号外，也可根据客户需求生产非型号钢管。 经过几年来厂家和客户的使用验证了我公司产品质量有可靠保障，是无缝钢管的替代产品，产品畅销全国20多个省、市、自治区，因质优价廉受到广大客户的青睐。

不锈钢热轧钢板是用热轧工艺生产的不锈钢钢板。厚度不大于3mm的为薄板，厚度大于3mm的为厚板用于化工、石油、机械、船舶等行业制造耐蚀零件、容器和设备。其分类和牌号如下： 　　1．奥氏体型钢 　　(1)1Cr17Mn6Ni15N；(2)1Cr18Mn8Ni5N；(3)1Cr18Ni9；(4)1Cr18Ni9Si3；(5)0Cr18Ni9；(6)00Cr19Ni10；(7)0Cr19Ni9N；(8)0Cr19Ni10NbN；(9)00Cr18Ni10N；(10)1Cr18Ni12；(11) 0Cr23Ni13；(12)0Cr25Ni20；(13) 0Cr17Ni12Mo2；(14) 00Cr17Ni14Mo2；(15) 0Cr17Ni12Mo2N；(16) 00Cr17Ni13Mo2N；(17) 1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti；(18) 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti；(19) 1Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti；(20) 0Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti；(21) 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Cu2；(22) 00Cr18Ni14Mo2Cu2；(23) 0Cr19Ni13Mo3；(24) 00Cr19Ni13Mo3；(25) 0Cr18Ni16Mo5；(26) 1Cr18Ni9Ti；(27) 0Cr18Ni10Ti；(28) 0Cr18Ni11Nb；(29) 0Cr18Ni13Si4 　　2．奥氏体——铁素体型钢 　　(30)0Cr26Ni5Mo2；(31)00Cr18Ni5Mo3Si2； 　　3．铁素体型钢 　　(32)0Cr13Al；(33) 00Cr12；(34)1Cr15；(35)1Cr17；(36)1Cr17Mo；(37)00Cr17Mo； (38)00Cr18Mo2；(39)00Cr30Mo2；(40)00Cr27Mo 　　4．马氏体型钢 　　(41)1Cr12；(42)0Cr13；(43)；1Cr13；(44)2Cr13；(45)3Cr13；(46)4Cr13；(47)3Cr16；(48)7Cr17 　　5．沉淀硬化型钢 　　(49)0Cr17Ni7Al热轧板带钢工艺润滑的研究　　一 热轧工艺润滑的主要作用　　1.1 降低摩擦系数，降低轧制力　　由于磨擦系数的减小，使轧制力降低，一般为可降低轧制力10%~25%，这样降低了轧制功率，节约了能耗，。　　1.2 减少轧辊消耗，提高作业率　　热轧条件下，工作轧辊面因与冷却水长期接触发生氧化，形成黑皮，这是造成轧辊异常磨损的主要原因。采用特殊的润滑剂能够有效阻止辊面黑皮的形成，延长轧辊使用寿命，减少换辊次数，提高轧机作业率。　　1.3改善轧后表面质量　　轧辊磨损的降低，黑皮的减少直接改善了轧后板面质量。　　1.4改善制品内部组织性能　　工艺润滑可以使轧后带钢的晶料组织得到改善，提高其深冲性能。　　1.5节能降耗　　采用工艺润滑后，热轧吨钢平均节电3度；酸洗酸液减少0.3~1.0kg；金属消耗降低1.0kg；轧辊的消耗能降低30%~50%。　　二 热轧工艺润滑的机理 　　通常热轧润滑剂是以油水混合液的形式被送到轧辊表面的，水是载体，少量的油均匀分散在水中。油水混合液的作用过程是水包油相向油包水相的转变过程。混合液体到达辊面后，以水包油的形式迅速地在辊面展开，当进入变形区与高温轧件接触时，由于温度和压力的作用，水很快蒸发并转变成油包水相，一部分油燃烧成以灰分为主的燃烧物；一部分油则以油膜的形式均匀地覆盖在轧辊与轧件的接触弧面上，两者在变形区内大约0.01s的时间内都能起到润滑的作用。　　三 热轧工艺润滑剂的选用　　3.1 热轧工艺润滑剂的性能　　3.1.1良好且稳定的润滑性能　　3.1.2良好的润湿性和黏着性，能均匀地分散在轧辊表面并牢固地黏着。　　3.1.3高温下良好的抗氧化性和耐分解性，保证在与轧件接触前不产生燃烧和分解。　　3.1.4良好的抗乳化性和离水展着性。　　3.1.5无毒无味，同时分解中产生的气体也无毒无味，燃烧产物无毒，不污染环境。　　3.2热轧工艺润滑剂的组成及种类　　热轧油有水基和油基两种形式，目前大部分厂家采用油基热轧油。　　一般热轧油由基础油和油性剂两部分组成，基础油有矿物油、聚烯烃、酯类油；油性剂有动、植物油、脂肪酸、高级脂肪酸、合成脂、固体润滑剂等。　　四 热轧工艺润滑对力能参数的影响　　生产中采用上述热轧油后，使得轧制压力显著降低15%~30%；轧辊消耗减少可达50%；节能减少近10%。　　采用不同类型的热轧油进行热轧普碳钢工艺润滑效果实验，测量轧制压力并与无工艺润滑的轧制条件的轧制力作比较，结果见下表　　表： 不同类型热轧油的润滑效果　　热轧油类型 轧制压力下降%　　Q-HB-1905 32.5 　　HR-40 21.2 　　Q-HB-11 20.8 　　脂肪油 40　　由表可看出，脂肪油表现出较好的降低轧制力的能力，但脂肪油也存在致命缺陷，如轧后钢板表面的清洁性较差；另外脂肪油在高温条件下油烟较重，恶化工作环境。另外不同种类的添加剂降低轧制压力也明显不同，影响效果如图所示 五 工艺润滑对轧辊磨损的影响　　采用工艺润滑可大大降低轧辊的磨损，热轧时轧辊应有足够冷却与润滑。通过现场对比试验，轧制带钢产量与轧辊磨损的关系在不同的轧制条件下有很大的差异，如图所示 随轧制量增加，轧辊磨损加剧，由于磨损的不均匀性，将严重影响到轧后的板面质量，采用润滑后，轧辊磨损的速度要缓慢得多。　　采用工艺润滑后，轧辊磨损大大减少，沿辊身长度上的磨损也变得较为均匀，这样对热轧带钢的板形非常有利。下图为F1～F4 400连轧机组轧辊的磨损情况： 　　实践表明，采用微量的润滑剂完全可以达到降低轧辊磨损的目的，轧辊的润滑效果及磨损程度并不是与润滑剂用量及浓度成正比，相反，润滑剂的用量过大，会造成打滑、轧件咬入困难，同时造成污染。　　六 存在的问题 　　热轧带钢采用工艺润滑后，使轧件的咬入条件发生变化,不利于轧件的顺利咬入,可以通过间歇供油的方式来解决。由于采用润滑后摩擦系数的下降，对板宽、板厚将产生很大影响，且不易控制，可在条件成熟时采用AGC厚度自动控制系统，对厚度精度进行有效控制，且能获得更加良好的板形。此外由于轧制油的燃烧，使工人恶劣的工作条件比以前有所加剧，车间油烟较大，需专设排烟系统。

热轧是在再结晶温度以上进行的轧制。可以破坏钢锭的铸造组织，细化钢材的晶粒，并消除显微组织的缺陷，从而使钢材组织密实，力学性能得到改善。这种改善主要体现在沿轧制方向上，从而使钢材在一定程度上不再是各向同性体；浇注时形成的气泡、裂纹和疏松，也可在高温和压力作用下被焊合。热轧钢管生产工艺流程 热轧无缝钢管的生产工艺流程包括坯料轧前准备、管坯加热、穿孔、轧制、定减径和钢 管冷却、精整等几个基本工序。 当今热轧无缝钢管生产的一般主要变形工序有三个：穿孔、轧管和定减径；其各自的工 艺目的和要求为： 热轧钢管生产穿孔 将实心的管坯变为空心的毛管；我们可以理解为定型，既将轧件断面定为圆环状；其设 备被称为穿孔机。对穿孔工艺的要求是：首先要保证穿出的毛管壁厚均匀，椭圆度小，几何 尺寸精度高；其次是毛管的内外表面要较光滑，不得有结疤、折叠、裂纹等缺陷；第三是要 有相应的穿孔速度和轧制周期， 以适应整个机组的生产节奏， 使毛管的终轧温度能满足轧管 机的要求。 2.1.2 热轧钢管生产轧管 将厚壁的毛管变为薄壁（接近成品壁厚）的荒管；我们可以视其为定壁，即根据后续的 工序减径量和经验公式确定本工序荒管的壁厚值； 该设备被称为轧管机。 对轧管工艺的要求 是： 第一是将厚壁毛管变成薄壁荒管 （减壁延伸） 时首先要保证荒管具有较高的壁厚均匀度； 其次荒管具有良好的内外表面质量。 2.1.3 热轧钢管生产定减径（包括张减） 大圆变小圆，简称定径；相应的设备为定（减）径机。对定减径工艺的要求是：首先在 一定的总减径率和较小的单机架减径率条件下来达到定径目的， 第二可实现使用一种规格管 坯生产多种规格成品管的任务，第三还可进一步改善钢管的外表面质量。 20 世纪 80 年代末,曾出现过试图取消轧管工序,仅使用穿孔加定减的方法生产无缝钢管, 简称 CPS,即斜轧穿孔和张减的英文缩写),并在南非的 Tosa 厂进行了工业试验,用来生产外径: ３３.４～１７９.８mm，壁厚 3.4～25mm 的钢管，其中定径最小外径为 101.6mm；张减最 大外径我 101.6mm。经过实践检验，该工艺在产生壁厚大于 10mm 的钢管时质量尚可，但 在生产壁厚小于 8mm 的钢管时通过定径、张减不能完全消除穿孔毛管的螺旋线，影响了钢 管的外观质量。在随后的改造中不得不在穿孔机于定减径机之间增设了一台 MINI-MPM(4 机架)来确保产品质量。 2.2 各热轧机组生产工艺过程特点 我们通常将毛管的壁厚加工称之为轧管。轧管是钢管成型过程中最重要的一个工序环 节。 这个环节的主要任务是按照成品钢管的要求将厚壁的毛管减薄至与成品钢管相适应的程 度，即它必须考虑到后继定、减径工序时壁厚的变化，这个环节还要提高毛管的内外表面质 量和壁厚的均匀度。 通过轧管减壁延伸工序后的管子一般称为荒管。 轧管减壁方法的基本特 点是在毛管内按上刚性芯棒，由外部工具（轧辊或模孔）对毛管壁厚进行压缩减壁。依据变 形原理和设备特点的不同，它有许多种生产方法，如表 1 所示。一般习惯根据轧管机的形式 来 命 名 热 轧 机 组 。 轧 管 机 分 单 机 架和 多 机 架 ，单 机 架 有 自动 轧 管 机 、阿 塞 尔 轧 机 、

铝塑板厚度：复合板是由内外两面铝合金板、低密度聚乙烯芯层与粘合剂复合为一体的一种新型 金属 塑料复合墙面装饰材料，由于其具有防火、耐酸、耐冲击、可弯曲、可钉刨、施工简便、易清洗等特点，具有很强的抗风、抗弯强度以及良好的隔音、隔热性能。铝塑复合板是一种新型的生态环境建筑材料，广泛应用于建筑幕墙、室内装修、广告宣传、汽车装饰、家具制造等领域，被建筑师们称为继石材（陶瓷、砖）、玻璃之后的第三代幕墙材料。　　铝塑复合板在我国的生产始于20世纪90年代，经过近10年的发展，已在 市场 认知度、 产量 、品种、工艺、质量、标准、应用等各方面都取得了显著进步。据不完全统计，自1998年以来，铝塑复合板年 产量 以近30%的速度增长。到2002年，铝塑复合板年 产量 已超过5000万平米，年产值超过100亿元人民币，并已形成一定规模的出口能力。可以说，铝塑复合板已经作为一个 产业 在中国蓬勃发展。　　铝塑板厚度大致可分室外、室内用两种，再可分为防火型和一般型。现在 市场 大量销售的均为一般型。室外用铝塑复合板上下均为0.5mm铝板（一般为纯铝板），中间夹层为PE（聚乙稀）或PVC（聚氯乙烯），夹层厚度为3-5mm。防火型铝塑复合板中间夹层为FR（防火塑胶）。室外用复合铝塑板厚度为4-6mm。室内用铝塑板上下面一般为0.2-0.25mm铝板，夹层厚度为2.5-3mm，室内用铝塑板厚度为3-4mm。铝塑板产品标准规格一般为1220（宽）x2440（长）x厚度，宽度也可以达到1250或1500mm。室外常采用厚度最薄应为4mm，室内采用厚度应力为3mm。 

铜箔厚度的计算印刷电路板的铜箔厚度关系到阻抗值的变化，有了正确的铜箔厚度在ALLEGRO的CROSS SECTION 栏位上，正确的计算印刷电路板上每一根绕线的阻抗值（或宽度）而在许多的设计手册上经常发现以盎司(oz)为单位来建议铜箔的使用，究竟一盎司铜箔应该在allegro的cross section栏位上表现多少的厚度？请看下面说明：1定义：一盎司铜箔 是指一平方英尺铺上重量一盎司的铜。意即为1oz/ft2。2单位换算：一盎司=0.0625磅一磅=454公克一英尺=12英尺一英尺=2.54公分铜比重（密度）=8.93（G/CM3）3计算：1oz铜箔=28.4g(约=1*0.0625*454)1英寸=1*（12*2.54）方=1*30.48方=929.03（平方厘米）重量=体积*密度=面积*高度*密度28.4克=929.03*高度*8.93高度=0.0034里面（约）=1.3（mil）--一盎司铜箔厚度

铝板厚度:（冷轧 热轧）材质1系3系5系6系7系8系 模具铝板厚度　0.1mm---260mm宽度　800mm----1900mm铝板，顾名思义是指用铝材或铝合金材料制成的板型材料。或者说是由扁铝胚经加热、轧延及拉直或固溶时效热等过程制造而成的板型铝制品。铝板的用途　　1.照明灯饰2、太阳能反射片3、建筑外观4、室内装潢：天花板，墙面等5、家具、橱柜6、电梯7、标牌、铭牌、箱包8、汽车内外装饰9.室内装饰品：如相框10、家用电器：冰箱、微波炉、音响设备等11.航空航天以及军事方面，比如中国目前的大飞机制造，神舟飞船系列，卫星等方面。铝板的分类以及用途　根据合金元素含量不同铝板可以分为8个系列分别为 1***，2***，3***，4***.5***.6***.7***.8*** 　　根据加工工艺不同又可分为冷轧和热轧。根据厚度不同可以分为薄板和中厚板。GB/T3880-2006标准中规定 厚度0.2毫米以下的称为铝箔。一般常常指单层铝板(也有叫单铝板或纯铝板),建筑上使用的铝板包括单层铝板、复合铝板等多种材料.多用于建筑装饰工程中,近年来在铝板幕墙中单层铝板使用的较为多见.铝板幕墙也是幕墙的一种形式,简单地说是用铝板代替玻璃制成幕墙,铝板幕墙多用于作墙体蔽护和不采光的墙壁.如广州世界贸易中心,就用了西南铝加工厂板材分厂加工好不同弧度的铝板近一百五十吨,表面采用静电喷涂.　为了加强铝板板面强度,国外的铝板幕墙一直选用单层铝板.单层铝板一般用纯铝板.铝板厚度为3mm.铝板的背面,必须安装加强筋(现有的厂家不安),加强筋用厚的铝带做成先用闪光焊机把一颗颗螺丝帽铝板焊在铝板背面然后把作加强筋的铝条钻孔套进螺丝内用螺丝固定.国为了减轻铝板重量增加铝板强度.采用铝合金板常选用21号防锈铝代号LF21压成的铝板作幕墙铝板.铝板厚度由原来3mm减少为2.5mm该合金强度比纯铝板高出一倍左右.铝带的宽度厚度根据铝板板面而定.加强筋用LF21铝带.一般厚2-2.5mm宽10-25mm.铝板幕墙的铝板背面为什么要安加强筋外界正负压力的情况下铝板一不会凹陷二不会鼓出.  这样就避免了铝板幕墙反复里外振动而发出的振动声音.如果需要隔音保温可在铝板内侧安放岩棉矿渣棉或发泡处理铝板，重庆西南铝深加工厂,国内第一家生产铝板幕墙的铝板厂家.该厂为军品厂家,生产的铝板宽度可达到2.8米.可分为二种方法,幕墙铝板表面处理.一种是阳极氧化,另一种是静电喷涂.阳极氧化的氧化膜一般在12m以上.　 更多有关铝板厚度信息请详见于上海 有色 网 

镀锌钢带——钢带(steel-belt) 　　以碳钢制成的输送带作为带式输送机的牵引和运载构件。 　　钢带的特性分类 　　钢带是 产量 大、用途广、品种多的钢材。按加工方法分为热轧钢带和冷轧钢带；按厚度分为薄钢带（厚度不大于4mm）和厚钢带（厚度大于4mm）；按宽度分为宽钢带（宽度大于600mm）和窄钢带（宽度不大于600mm）；窄钢带又分为直接轧制窄钢带和由宽钢带纵剪窄钢带；按表面状态分为原轧制表面和镀（涂）层表面钢带；按用途分为通用和专用（如船体、桥梁、油桶、焊管、包装、自生车等）钢带。 　　钢带是各类轧钢企业为了适应不同工业部门工业化生产各类 金属 或机械产品的需要而生产的一种窄而长的钢板。钢带又称带钢，是宽度在1300mm以内，长度根据每卷的大小略有不同。带钢一般成卷供应，具有尺寸精度高、表面质量好、便于加工、节省材料等优点。同钢板相同，钢带按所用材质分为普通带钢和优质带钢两类；按加工方法分热轧钢带、冷轧带钢带两种。

不锈钢带的生产方法，不锈钢带应用到军工、汽车、电子或家电等行业，属于冷轧基板材料技术领域。特征是：选用不锈钢带坯料经第一次轧程，轧制成半成品不锈钢带；将半成品不锈钢带进入退火炉，同时充入保护气体，退火炉内的温度分为六个区域和预热段；退火结束后，再经第二次轧程，将半成品不锈钢带轧制成厚度为：０．２～０．５ｍｍ的成品不锈钢带；然后将轧制后的不锈钢带经拉直矫平，裁剪、包装为成品。本发明冷却效果好，能减少轧制道次；能降低生产成本，提高产品质量和产量；能提高表面光洁度及平直度，并能满足客户对硬度的使用要求。 不锈钢带的厚度大于1.2mm采用洛氏硬度计，测试HRB、HRC硬度。厚度为0.2～1.2mm的不锈钢带采用表面洛氏硬度计测试HRT、HRN硬度。厚度小于0.2mm的不锈钢带，采用表面洛氏硬度计配金刚石砧座，测试HR30Tm硬度。 在不锈钢带的生产过程中，有一个十分重要的工序，这就是退火－精整处理。不锈钢的退火－精整处理通常是在连续退火机组上进行的，不锈钢带以某一速度连续运动，不锈钢带的硬度主要依靠改变运动速度或调节精整压下率来调整。不锈钢带材的硬度是一项十分重要的质量指标，它关系到以不锈钢带为原料的冲压、焊管及其他变形或非变形加工的产品质量和工作效率。如何能在不停机的条件下，在生产现场快速无损地检测不锈钢带的硬度，通过现场调整工艺参数保证最终产品的硬度在规定范围之内。这是不锈钢带生产，以及冷轧钢带生产中一项亟待解决的难题。 最新生产的W－B75型韦氏硬度计较好地解决了这一问题。这种仪器有20个刻度，它采用洛氏硬度值为90HRB的标准洛氏硬度块来校正仪器，这一硬度值被设定在仪器13～14的范围内，这种仪器可以当作一台简单的HRB洛氏硬度计来使用。它可以有效地区分退火不锈钢带的软态、1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬及全硬状态。仪器重量不到1kg，它象一把钳子一样（俗称钳式硬度计或硬度钳），在不锈钢带上掐一下即可。测试后在不锈钢带上只留下一个极小的压痕，这个压痕既不影响外观，又不影响使用，可认为是无损检测。整个操作过程只需要1秒钟时间。这种仪器的采用可能有效地解决不锈钢带硬度的在线检测，在线控制问题。可以有效地提高不锈钢带产品的合格率，降低不锈钢带产品硬度的分散性，提高工厂的质量管理水平。我们相信这种新改进的W－B75型韦氏硬度计，在不锈钢加工行业一定会受到广泛的欢迎。

热轧特点是：　　(1)热轧能显著降低能耗，降低成本。热轧时金属塑性高，变形抗力低，大大减少了金属变形的能量消耗。　　(2)热轧能改善金属及合金的加工工艺性能，即将铸造状态的粗大晶粒破碎，显著裂纹愈合，减少或消除铸造缺陷，将铸态组织转变为变形组织，提高合金的加工性能。　　(3)热轧通常采用大铸锭，大压下量轧制，不仅提高了生产效率，而且为提高轧制速度、实现轧制过程的连续化和自动化创造了条件。　　(4)热轧不能非常精确地控制产品所需的力学性能，热轧制品的组织和性能不能够均匀。其强度指标低于冷作硬化制品，而高于完全退火制品；塑性指标高于冷作硬化制品，而低于完全退火制品。　　(5)热轧产品厚度尺寸较难控制，控制精度相对较差；热轧制品的表面较冷轧制品粗糙Ra值一般在0.5～1.5μm。因此，热轧产品一般多作为冷轧加工的坯料。

热轧、镀锌是钢材的两种加工工艺方法，他们的原理完全不同。热轧（hot rolling）是相对于冷轧而言的，冷轧是在再结晶温度以下进行的轧制，而热轧就是在再结晶温度以上进行的轧制。热轧的优点：采用热轧可以提高生产效率、轧制速度，实现轧制过程的连续化和自动化；热轧能降低耗能和降低成本；热轧的 金属 塑性高，变形抗力低；能改善 金属 加工性能，消除铸造缺陷。热轧的缺点：非 金属 物被压会出现分层现象，使受压性能恶化；刚才的长宽尺寸不能控制，产品的精度不够；热轧的不均匀冷却会造成残余应力，变形、稳定性、抗疲劳性能会发生变化。镀锌是在装有镀件、玻璃球、锌粉、水和促进剂的旋转滚桶内，作为冲击介质的玻璃球随着滚桶转动，与镀件表面发生摩擦和锤击产生机械物理能量，在化学促进剂的作用下，将镀涂的锌粉“冷焊”到镀件表面上，形成光滑、均匀和细致的具有一定厚度的镀层。镀锌分为热镀锌和电镀锌两种。热镀锌也叫热浸镀锌和热浸锌，是一种有效的 金属 防腐方式，主要用于各 行业 的 金属 结构设施上。是将除锈后的钢件浸入500℃左右融化的锌液中，使钢构件表面附着锌层，从而起到防腐的目的。电镀锌，是利用电解设备将管件经过除油、酸洗、后放入成分为锌盐的溶液中，并连接电解设备的负极，在管件的对面放置锌版，连接在电解设备的正极接通电源，利用电流从正极向负极的定向移动就会在管件上沉积一层锌，冷镀管件是先加工后镀锌。

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板，俗称冷板。　　冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。 　　一般来说，冷轧钢板分为三代产品：沸腾钢为第一代，铝镇静钢为第二代，无间隙原子刚（IF钢）为第三代。   您查询的关键词是：冷轧钢板  。如果打开速度慢，可以尝试快速版；如果想保存快照，可以添加到搜藏。 "冷轧钢板""2,冷轧钢板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.56",,"2.5","6000x1200 7000x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","22.25""0.45",,"4.01",,"2.75",,"24.48""0.5",,"4.45",,"3.0",,"26.70""0.6",,"5.34",,"3.5",,"31.50""0.7",,"6.23",,"4.0",,"35.60""0.8",,"7.12",,"4.5",,"40.05""0.9",,"8.01",,"5.0",,"44.50""1.0",,"8.90",,"5.5",,"48.95""1.1",,"9.79",,"6.0",,"53.40""1.2",,"10.68",,"6.5",,"57.85""1.35",,"12.02",,"7.0",,"62.30""1.5",,"13.35",,"7.5",,"66.75""1.65",,"14.60",,"8.0",,"71.20""1.8",,"16.02",,"9.0",,"80.10""2.0",,"17.80",,"10.0",,"89.00""2.25",,"20.03""冷轧铜条""2,冷轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.20","200~400","500~800","1.78",,"2.50","200~500","500~2000","22.25""0.25",,,"2.23",,"2.75",,,"24.48""0.30",,,"2.67",,"3.00",,"1000~2000","26.70""0.35",,,"3.12",,"3.50",,,"31.15""0.40","200~500","500~2000","3.56",,"4.00",,,"35.60""0.45",,,"4.01",,"4.50",,,"40.05""0.50",,,"4.45",,"5.00",,,"44.50""0.60",,,"5.34",,"5.50",,,"48.95""0.70",,,"6.23",,"6.00",,,"53.40""0.80",,,"7.12",,"6.50",,,"57.85""0.90",,,"8.01",,"7.00",,,"62.30""1.00",,,"8.90",,"8.00",,,"71.20""1.20",,,"10.68",,"9.00",,,"80.10""1.30",,,"11.57",,"10.00",,,"89.00""1.40",,,"12.46",,"11.00",,,"97.90""1.50",,,"13.35",,"12.00",,,"106.8""1.60",,,"14.69",,"13.00",,,"115.7""1.80",,,"16.02",,"14.00",,,"124.6""2.00",,,"17.80",,"15.00",,,"133.5""注 铜板和条(热轧,冷轧)的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4和TU和TUP,其化学成分应符合YB145-71规定""特殊用冷轧黄铜条""3,特殊用冷轧黄铜条(YB555-65)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)""0.20","200~300","500~1000","1.76",,"1.6","200~500","500~2000","14.08""0.25",,,"2.20",,"1.8",,,"15.84""0.30","200~400",,"2.64",,"2.0",,,"17.60""0.35",,,"3.08",,"2.5",,,"22.00""0.40","200~500",,"3.52",,"2.75",,,"24.20""0.45",,,"3.96",,"3.0",,,"26.40""0.50",,"500~2000","4.40",,"3.5",,,"30.80""0.55",,,"4.84",,"4.0",,,"35.20""0.60",,,"5.28",,"4.5",,,"39.60""0.70",,,"6.16",,"5.0",,,"44.00""0.80",,,"7.04",,"5.5",,,"48.40""0.90",,,"7.92",,"6.0",,,"52.80""1.0",,,"8.8",,"6.5",,,"57.20""1.2",,,"10.56",,"7.0",,,"61.60""1.3",,,"11.44",,"8.0",,,"70.40""1.4",,,"12.32",,"9.0",,,"79.20""1.5",,,"13.20",,"10.0",,,"88.00""注 (1)标记举例:用H80制成的,厚度为0.8mm,宽度为300mm,长度为1000mm的1/2硬条标记为:"" 条H80-Y20.8x300x1000YB555-65."" (2)冷轧条分为定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.""多面体的体积和表面积""多面体的体积和表面积""图形",,"尺寸符号",,"重心(G)""立方体",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方体∧棱柱∨",,,,"G0=h/2""三棱柱",,,,"Go=h/2""棱锥",,,,"Go=h/4""棱台""圆柱和空心圆柱∧管∨",,,,"Go=h/2""斜线直圆柱""直圆锥",,,,"Go=h/4""圆台""球",,,,"在球心上""球扇形∧球楔∨",,,,"Go=3/4(r-h/2)""球缺",,,,"Go=3(2r-h)2/4(3r-h)""圆环体∧胎∨",,,,"在环中心上""球带体",,,,"Go=h1+h/2""桶形",,,,"在轴交点上""椭球体",," a,b,c-半轴",,"在轴交点上""交叉圆柱体",,,,"在二轴交点上""梯形体""常用图形求面积,体积公式""常用图形求面积,体积公式""图形",,"尺寸符号","面积(F) 表面积(S)","重心(G)""正方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""三角形",,,,"GB=1/3BD CD=DA""平行四边形",,,,"对角线交点上""任意四边形""正多边形",,,,"在o点上""菱形",,,,"在对角线交点上""梯形""圆形",,,,"在圆心上""椭圆形",,"a·b-主轴","F= (π/4) a·b","在主轴交点G上""扇形""弓形""圆环",,,,"在圆心O""部分圆环""新月形",,,,"O1G=(π-P)L/2P","L d/10","2d/10 3d/10 4d/10","5d/10 6d/10 7d/10 ","8d/10 9d/10","P 0.40","0.79 1.18 1.56","1.91 2.25 2.55","2.81 3.02""抛物线形""等多边形",,," "," 在内,外接圆心处""冷轧黄钢板""4,冷轧黄钢板(YB460-71)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)""0.20","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","1.70",,"2.00","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","17.00""0.25",,"2.13",,"2.25",,"19.13""0.30",,"2.55",,"2.50",,"21.25""0.35",,"2.98",,"2.75",,"23.38""0.40",,"3.40",,"3.00",,"25.50""0.45",,"3.82",,"3.50",,"29.75""0.50",,"4.25",,"4.00",,"34.00""0.60",,"5.10",,"4.50",,"38.20""0.70",,"5.95",,"5.00",,"42.50""0.80",,"6.80",,"5.50",,"46.75""0.90",,"7.65",,"6.00",,"51.00""1.00",,"8.50",,"6.50",,"55.25""1.10",,"9.35",,"7.00",,"59.50""1.20",,"10.20",,"7.50",,"63.75""1.35",,"11.48",,"8.00",,"68.00""1.50",,"12.75",,"9.00",,"76.50""1.65",,"14.03",,"10.00",,"85.00""1.80",,"15.30""注 (1)冷轧软板仅供应H59,H62,H68,H80,H90,H96,HMn58-2,HPb59-1牌号.""(2)冷轧1/2硬板仅供应H62,H65,H68,H90,HMn58-2牌号.""(3)冷轧特硬板仅供应H62牌号.""(4)冷轧板材长度分为:定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.其通常长度为500~2000mm,但长度不得小于宽度.""特殊用冷轧黄钢板""5,特殊用冷轧黄钢板(YB555-65)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.52",,"2.25","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","19.60""0.45",,"3.96",,"2.50",,"22.00""0.50",,"4.40",,"2.75",,"24.20""0.55",,"4.84",,"3.0",,"26.40""0.60",,"5.28",,"3.5",,"30.80""0.70",,"6.16",,"4.0",,"35.20""0.80",,"7.04",,"4.5",,"39.60""0.90",,"7.92",,"5.0",,"44.00""1.0",,"8.80",,"5.5",,"48.40""1.1",,"9.68",,"6.0",,"52.80""1.2",,"10.56",,"6.5",,"57.20""1.35",,"11.88",,"7.0",,"61.60""1.5",,"13.20",,"7.5",,"66.60""1.65",,"14.52",,"8.0",,"70.40""1.8",,"15.84",,"9.0",,"79.20""2.0",,"17.60",,"10.0",,"88.00""注 标记举例:用H90制成的,厚度为2.5mm,宽度为600mm,长度为1200mm的软板标记为:"" 板H90M2.5x600x1200xYB555-65.""铝及铝合金板""6,铝及铝合金板""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)"0.5,"1.40",,"2.5","7.00",,"9.0","25.2",,"25","70.0"0.6,"1.68",,"3.0","8.40",,"10.0","28.0",,"30","84.0"0.8,"2.24",,"3.5","9.80",,"12.0","33.6",,"35","98.0""1.0","2.80",,"4.0","11.20",,"14.0","39.2",,"40","112.0""1.2","3.36",,"5.0","14.00",,"16.0","44.8",,"50","140.0""1.5","4.20",,"6.0","16.80",,"18.0","50.4",,"60","168.0""1.8","5.04",,"7.0","19.60",,"20.0","56.0",,"70","196.0""2.0","5.60",,"8.0","22.40",,"22.0","61.6",,"80","224.0""注 (1)板的宽度有1000,1200和500mm;板的长度有2000,3000和4000mm."" (2)理论重量按LY11,LY12和LD10等牌号铝合金的比重2.8计算,对于其他牌号的铝合金和工业纯铝,应乘以"" 下列换算系数:LD2-0.961;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975;LC4-1.018;工业纯铝-0.967.""铅板""7,铅板(GB1470-79)""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)""1.0","11.37",,"3.0","34.11",,"5.0","56.85",,"9.0","102.33""1.5","17.06",,"3.5","39.80",,"6.0","68.22",,"10.0","113.70""2.0","22.74",,"4.0","45.48",,"7.0","79.59",,"12.0","136.44""2.5","28.43",,"4.5","51.17",,"8.0","90.96",,"16.0","170.55""注 (1)铅的化学成分按GB469-64标准."" (2)板材理论重量按比重为11.34计算,宽度按500mm进张."" (3)板材成卷供应,厚度大于15mm的板材,以片状供应,厚度不大于1.5mm的板材,应用木箱包装.""纯铜带"",纯铜带(YB464-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.05","18~150","≥20","0.44",,"0.50","18~300","≥10","4.45""0.06",,,"0.53",,"0.55",,,"4.90""0.07",,,"0.62",,"0.60",,,"5.34""0.08",,,"0.71",,"0.65",,,"5.79""0.09",,,"0.80",,"0.70",,,"6.23""0.10","18~300",,"0.89",,"0.75",,,"6.68""0.12",,,"1.07",,"0.80",,,"7.12""0.15",,,"1.34",,"0.85",,,"7.57""0.18",,,"1.60",,"0.90",,,"8.01""0.20",,,"1.78",,"1.00",,,"8.90""0.22",,,"1.96",,"1.10",,,"9.79""0.25",,,"2.23",,"1.20",,"≥7","10.68""0.30",,,"2.67",,"1.30",,,"11.57""0.35",,,"3.12",,"14.40",,,"12.46""0.40",,,"3.56",,"1.50",,,"13.35""0.45",,,"4.01""注 纯铜带的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4,TUP,其化学成分符合YB145-71的规定.""铝带""9,铝带""宽 度 (mm)","厚 度 (mm)","3","4","5","6","8","10","12","重 量 (kg/m)""10","0.080","0.107","0.134 0.161 0.268 0.335 0.402 0.536 0.670 0.804 1.072 1.340 1.608","0.161","0.214","0.268","0.322""12","0.096","0.129",,"0.193","0.257","0.322","0.386""15","0.121","0.161",,"0.241","0.322","0.402","0.482""20","0.161","0.214",,"0.322","0.429","0.568","0.643""25","0.201","0.268",,"0.402","0.568","0.670","0.804""30","0.241","0.332",,"0.482","0.643","0.804","0.965""40","0.322","0.429",,"0.643","0.858","1.072","1.286""50","0.402","0.536",,"0.804","1.072","1.340","1.608""60","0.482","0.643",,"0.965","1.286","1.608","1.930""80","0.643","0.858",,"1.286","1.715","2.144","2.573""100","0.804","1.072",,"1.608","2.144","2.680","3.216""120","0.965","1.286",,"1.930","2.573","3.216","3.859""注 表中重量系以LY11,LY12,(比重2.8)为准,其他合金应乘以下列系数:"" L1~L6-0.967;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975.""热轧铜条""1,热轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""4.0","200~500","≥1000","35.60",,"8.0","200~500","≥1000","71.20""4.5",,,"40.05",,"9.0",,,"80.10""5.0",,,"44.05",,"10.0",,,"89.0""5.5",,,"48.95",,"11.0",,,"97.9""6.0",,,"53.40",,"12.0",,,"106.8""6.5",,,"57.85",,"13.0",,,"115.7""7.0",,,"62.30",,"14.0",,,"124.6""7.5",,,"66.75",,"15.0",,,"133.5""英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""(二)英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm""0","0.324","8.230",,"14","0.080","2.032",,"28","0.0148","0.376""1","0.300","7.020",,"15","0.072","1.829",,"29","0.0136","0.345""2","0.276","7.010",,"16","0.064","1.626",,"30","0.0124","0.315""3","0.252","6.401",,"17","0.056","1.422",,"31","0.0116","0.295""4","0.232","5.893",,"18","0.048","1.219",,"32","0.0108","0.274""5","0.212","5.385",,"19","0.040","1.016",,"33","0.0100","0.254""6","0.192","4.877",,"20","0.036","0.914",,"34","0.0092","0.234""7","0.176","4.470",,"21","0.032","0.813",,"35","0.0084","0.213""8","0.160","4.064",,"22","0.028","0.711",,"36","0.0076","0.193""9","0.144","3.658",,"23","0.024","0.610",,"37","0.0068","0.173""10","0.128","3.251",,"24","0.022","0.559",,"38","0.0060","0.152""11","0.116","2.946",,"25","0.020","0.508",,"39","0.0052","0.132"12,"0.104","2.642",,"26","0.018","0.457",,"40","0.0048","0.122"13,"0.092","2.337",,"27","0.0164","0.417",,"41","0.0044","0.112""刺钢丝""三)刺钢丝规格和重量""说 明 和 用 途",,"钢丝划号 (号)","刺间距离 (mm)","每kg长度 (m)","重量 (kg/km)""刺钢丝又名刺铁丝,俗称"花园铅丝"(因常作花园围墙篱笆之用,故名),系以镀锌钢丝经机器铰缠而成(一般用#12或#14钢丝制作).适于作各种围墙(尤其是公园围墙和临时建筑场地 的围墙)篱笆或障碍物用.",,"12","65","6.4","156",,,"75","7.2","139",,,"100","7.9","127",,,"125","8.6","116",,"14","65","10.9","91.8",,,"75","11.5","86.9",,,"100","13.0","76.9",,,"125","14.0","71.4""注 (1)刺钢丝规格的注写方法为"钢丝直径(号数)x尖数x刺间距离",或"钢丝直径(号数)x刺间距离"."" (2)表列刺钢丝的"每kg长度"和"重量",仅供参考.""刻痕钢丝""四)刻痕钢丝规格和重量""直径 (mm)","断面积 (mm2)","重量 (kg/m)"," 抗 拉 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,"屈 服 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,,"I组","II组","I组","II组""2.5","4.90","0.034","190","160","152","128""3","7.06","0.056","180","150","144","120""4","12.56","0.094","170","140","136","112""5","19.63","0.150","160","130","126","104""注 刻痕钢丝是由预应力混凝土结构用碳素钢丝(冷拔高强度钢丝)在经特制的"刻痕机"进行刻痕而制成的"" 预应力钢筋混凝土结构用的钢丝.""钢丝网""五)钢丝网规格和重量""号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)"20,"1.6","1.5",,"6","2.0","6.7",,"2.5","0.7","2.0",,"1","0.3","0.9","3.0","5.1",,"5.5","0.5","0.6",,"2.2","0.45","1.0",,,"0.35","1.2""18","1.6","1.7",,,"1.6","4.7",,,"0.6","1.6",,"0.9","0.25","0.7","3.0","5.7",,,"2.0","7.2",,,"0.8","2.9",,,"0.3","1.0""16","1.6","1.9",,"5","0.7","1.1",,"2","0.4","0.9",,,"0.4","1.6","3.0","6.3",,,"1.4","4.1",,,"0.5","1.3",,"0.8","0.22","0.6""14","1.4","1.7",,,"2.2","8.9",,,"0.6","1.9",,,"0.28","0.9","2.5","4.9",,"4.5","0.5","0.7",,,"1.2","6.0",,,"0.3","1.0""12","1.2","1.4",,,"1.0","2.3",,"1.8","0.4","0.9",,"0.7","0.2","0.6","2.5","5.7",,,"1.8","6.8",,,"0.5","1.4",,,"0.25","0.9""11","1.2","1.5",,"4","0.6","1.0",,,"0.7","2.6",,,"0.30","1.2","2.5","6.1",,,"1.0","2.6",,"1.6","0.3","0.6",,"0.63","0.22","0.7""10","1.0","1.2",,,"1.4","4.8",,,"0.4","1.0",,,"0.25","0.9","2.5","6.6",,"3.5","0.7","1.5",,,"0.45","1.3",,,"0.28","1.2""9","1.0","1.3",,,"1.0","2.9",,"1.4","0.30","0.7",,"0.56","0.22","0.8","2.2","5.7",,,"1.2","4.0",,,"0.35","0.9",,,"0.25","1.0""8","0.7","0.7",,"3.2","0.45","0.7",,,"0.65","2.7",,,"0.28","1.2","1.2","2.1",,,"0.9","2.7",,"1.2","0.28","0.7",,"0.5","0.22","0.9","1.8","4.5",,,"1.2","4.3",,,"0.35","1.0",,,"0.25","1.1""7","0.7","0.8",,"2.8","0.4","0.7",,,"0.4","1.3",,,"0.3","1.5","1.2","2.3",,,"0.7","1.8",,"1.1","0.28","0.7",,"0.45","0.2","0.8","1.8","5.0",,,"1.0","3.6",,,"0.35","1.1",,,"0.25","1.2""6","0.7","0.9",,"2.5","0.4","0.7",,,"0.40","1.4",,,"0.2","0.9","1.2","2.7",,,"0.5","1.1",,"1","0.25","0.7",,"0.4","0.25","1.3""钢板网""六)钢板网规格和重量""品 种","规 格 (mm)",,,,,,"每张大约重量(kg)","生产单位","丝梗厚度 h","孔眼宽度 T","丝梗宽度 b","节 距 t","网面宽度 B","网面长度 L""小","0.5","9","1","25","1800","600","0.875","上海中国钢板网厂",,,,,"2000",,"0.875","0.6","9","1","25","1800","600","1.000",,,,,"2000",,"1.125","0.7","9","1","25","1800","600","1.125",,,,,"2000",,"1.250""网","0.75","9","1","25","1800","600","1.250",,,,,"2000",,"1.375","0.8","9","1","25","1800","600","1.375",,,,,"2000",,"1.500","1","9","1","25","1500","600","1.625",,,,,"1800",,"1.875",,,,,"2000",,"2.125""大","0.5","7","1.2","2.5","1800","2800","5.85","上海中国钢板网厂","1","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","11.70",,"9","1.2","25","1500","3000","7.95",,,,,"1800","3600","11.70",,"9","1.1","25","2000","4000","14.76",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","11.70",,,,,"2000","4000","14.60","1.2","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","14.04",,"9","1.2","25","1800","3600","14.04",,,"1.1","25","2000","4000","17.71",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","14.04""网",,,,,"2000","4000","17.71","1.5","11","1.6","40","1800","3600","17.55",,"17","2.3","65","2000","4000","22.14","2","17","2.3","65","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"22","3.0","75","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"27","3.8","100","2000","4000","29.52","3","36","4.6","115","2000","4000","44.28",,"45","6.1","150""钢丝纱""七)钢丝纱(窗纱)规格和重量""规 格","面 积(m2/卷)","重 量",,"(kg/卷)","(kg/m2)""14目3x100","27.87","12.5","0.448""14目4x100","37.16","16.6","0.448""16目3x100",27.87,13.5,"0.484""16目4x100",37.16,"18.0","0.484""紫铜丝布""(八)紫铜丝布(紫铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","22","2.691",,"30","30","2.5116",,"65","36","1.9734""10","24","2.691",,"35","31","1.9734",,"70","36","1.9734""12","24","3.0498",,"40","32","1.9734",,"75","37","1.9734""16","26","2.1528",,"45","33","1.9734",,"80","37","1.9734""20","27","2.1528",,"50","34","1.9734",,"100","39","1.7940""24","30","2.1528",,"55","35","1.9734""28","30","2.3322",,"60","35","1.7940""黄铜丝布""(九)黄铜丝布(黄铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","24","1.5787",,"24","34","0.8611",,"50","38","0.6458""10","26","1.2375",,"26","34","0.8252",,"60","41","0.3947""12","27","1.2558",,"28","36","0.5386",,"70","42","0.3347""14","27","1.3276",,"30","36","0.5741",,"80","43","0.3767""16","32","0.6100",,"32","36","0.6100",,"90","43","0.4306""18","33","0.6100",,"34","36","0.6279",,"100","43","0.5023""20","33","0.7176",,"36","36","0.7176",,"110","44","0.3347""22","33","0.8611",,"40","36","0.4844",,"120","44","0.4485""铝及铝合金直角角型材""1,铝及铝合金直角角型材(XC111)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b"1,"12","1","0.234","0.065",,"25","25","1.3","0.734","0.204",,"49","38.3","5","3.590","0.998"2,"12","2","0.440","0.122",,"26","25","1.6","0.777","0.216",,"50","38.3","6.3","4.444","1.235"3,"12.5","1.6","0.377","0.105",,"27","25","2","0.964","0.268",,"51","40","2","1.564","0.435"4,"15","1","0.294","0.082",,"28","25","2.5","1.189","0.331",,"52","40","2.5","1.944","0.540"5,"15","1.2","0.353","0.098",,"29","25","3","1.410","0.392",,"53","40","3","2.320","0.645"6,"15","1.5","0.434","0.121",,"30","25","3.2","1.509","0.429",,"54","40","3.5","2.671","0.743"7,"15","2","0.564","0.157",,"31","25","3.5","1.641","0.456",,"55","40","3.5","2.694","0.749"8,"15","3","0.820","0.223",,"32","25","4","1.857","0.516",,"56","40","4","3.057","0.850"9,"16","1.6","0.429","0.119",,"33","25","5","2.242","0.623",,"57","40","5","3.750","1.043"10,"16","2.4","0.726","0.202",,"34","27","2","1.041","0.289",,"58","45","4","3.475","0.961"11,"18","1.5","0.524","0.146",,"35","27","2","1.090","0.303",,"59","45","5","4.277","1.189"12,"18","2","0.684","0.190",,"36","30","1.5","0.884","0.246",,"60","50","3","2.920","0.812"13,"19","1.6","0.585","0.163",,"37","30","2","1.164","0.324",,"61","50","4","3.857","1.072"14,"19","2.4","0.861","0.239",,"38","30","2.5","1.438","0.400",,"62","50","5","4.777","1.328"15,"19","3.2","1.125","0.313",,"39","30","3","1.720","0.478",,"63","50","6","5.655","1.572"16,"20","1","0.397","0.110",,"40","30","4","2.240","0.623",,"64","50","6.5","6.110","1.699"17,"20","1.2","0.473","0.131",,"41","32","2.4","1.491","0.415",,"65","50","12","10.600","2.947"18,"20","1.5","0.584","0.162",,"42","32","3.2","1.957","0.554",,"66","60","5","5.777","1.606"19,"20","2","0.764","0.212",,"43","32","3.5","2.131","0.592",,"67","60","6","6.855","1.906"20,"20","3","1.140","0.137",,"44","32","6.5","3.723","1.036",,"68","75","7","10.010","2.783"21,"20","4","1.475","0.410",,"45","35","3","2.005","0.557",,"69","75","8","11.360","3.158"22,"20.5","1.6","0.633","0.176",,"46","35","4","2.657","0.739",,"70","75","10","14.000","3.892"23,"23","2","0.680","0.245",,"47","38","2.4","1.773","0.498",,"71","90","5","8.750","2.433"24,"25","1.2","0.597","0.166",,"48","38.3","3.5","2.562","0.712",,"72","90","8","13.760","3.825""注 (1)铝及铝合金型材的尺寸,规格等摘自冶金工业部1970年颁发的《铝及铝镁合金挤压型材》."" (2)表内理论重量均按LY12合金比重(2.78)进行计算,其他材料的比重及换算系数如下:L1~L7(2.71)-0.975;"" LF2(2.68)-0.964;LF11(2.65)-0.953;LF21(2.73)-0.982;LD2(2.70)-0.971;"" LY11(2.80)-1.007;LY12(2.78)-1.000."" (3)铝型材主要生产单位有哈尔滨和西北铝加工厂等.西北铝加工厂的产品断面为100~400cm2,宽度小于530mm."" (4)铝及铝合金型材规格的表示方法是型材类别组号加序号,如XC111-4,其中,XC表示型材,后面的数字依次为"" 类别,组号,连字符后的数字为顺序号.""铝及铝合金直丁字型材""2,铝及铝合金直丁字型材(XC211)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"15","25","1","0.405","0.113",,"34","32","45","3","2.259","0.628"2,"19","50","2","1.378","0.383",,"35","32","48","2.4","1.874","0.521"3,"20","20","2","0.760","0.211",,"36","32","50","3","2.423","0.674"4,"20","30","1.5","0.740","0.206",,"37","35","32","1.5","1.000","0.278"5,"20","35","2","1.060","0.295",,"38","35","35","4","2.713","0.754"6,"20","37","2","1.117","0.311",,"39","35","40","2","1.468","0.408"7,"20","42","2","1.200","0.334",,"40","37","42","2","1.500","0.417"8,"20","42","2","1.240","0.345",,"41","38","44","5","3.910","1.087"9,"20","45","2","1.860","0.517",,"42","38","50","3.5","3.026","0.841"10,"20","90","2","2.160","0.600",,"43","38","50","4.8","3.990","1.109"11,"21","53","1.8","1.300","0.361",,"44","39","75","5","5.510","1.532"12,"22","48","1.4","1.960","0.267",,"45","40","36","5","3.350","0.933"13,"25","29","1.6","0.847","0.25",,"46","40","45","3","2.479","0.689"14,"25","35","1.5","0.890","0.247",,"47","40","45","4","3.274","0.910"15,"25","38","2.5","1.510","0.420",,"48","40","68","3","3.300","0.917"16,"25","40","2","1.280","0.356",,"49","40","130","6","9.840","2.736"17,"25","45","2.5","1.726","0.480",,"50","42","64","4","4.100","1.140"18,"25","45","3","2.019","0.561",,"51","45","40","2.2","1.860","0.517"19,"25","45","4","2.708","0.753",,"52","50","70","4","4.640","1.300"20,"25","48","1.4","1.012","0.288",,"53","51","51","2.4","2.443","0.679"21,"25","48","1.5","1.082","0.301",,"54","54","50","3","3.040","0.845"22,"25","50","2","1.499","0.417",,"55","54","68","3","3.608","1.003"23,"25","50","2.5","1.851","0.515",,"56","64","50","5","5.781","1.607"24,"26","38","2.5","1.554","0.432",,"57","63","50","2","2.320","0.645"25,"27","70","2","1.920","0.534",,"58","70","37","2","2.100","0.584"26,"29","38","1.6","1.055","0.293",,"59","70","55","2","2.460","0.684"27,"29","58","2.5","2.180","0.606",,"60","74","66","6","8.080","2.246"28,"29","58","3.5","2.991","0.831",,"61","75","40","3","3.400","0.945"29,"30","40","1.5","1.040","0.289",,"62","80","50","2","2.560","0.712"30,"30","40","2","1.370","0.381",,"63","80","60","3","4.110","1.143"31,"30","45","3","2.150","0.597",,"64","83","50","3","3.953","1.099"32,"30","56","4","3.280","0.912",,"65","90","77","10","15.700","4.365"33,"30","68","6.5","6.100","1.696""热轧铜板""1,热轧铜板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽 度 (mm)",,,,,,,,"理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)","600~900","1000~1200","1300~1500","1600~1800","1900~2200","2300~2500","2600~2800","2900~3000","最 大 长 度 (mm)""5.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"44.50""5.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"48.95""6.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"53.40""6.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"57.85""7.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"62.30""7.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"66.75""8.0","4000","5000","6000","5500","4800","4200","3700","3500","71.20""9.0","4000","5000","6000","5000","4200","3700","3300","3100","80.10""10.0","4000","5000","5500","4500","3800","3300","3000","3000","89.0""11.0","4000","5000","5000","4000","3400","3300","2800",,"97.9""12.0","4000","5000","4500","3800","3100","2800",,,"106.8""13.0","4000","5000","4000","3600","2900",,,,"115.7""14.0","4000","4500","3800","3300","2700",,,,"124.6""15.0","4500","4300","3600","3100","2500",,,,"133.5""16.0","4500","4300","3400","2000","2400",,,,"142.4""17.0","4500","4000","3200","2700","2200",,,,"151.3""18.0","4500","3900","3000","2600",,,,,"160.2""19.0","4500","3700","2800","2400",,,,,"169.1""20.0","4500","3500","2600","2300",,,,,"178.0""21.0","4000","3300","2500","2200",,,,,"186.9""22.0","4000","3000","2400","2100",,,,,"195.8""23.0","4000","3000","2400","2000",,,,,"204.7""24.0","3500","2800","2200","1900",,,,,"213.6""25.0","3500","2800","2000","1800",,,,,"222.5""注 热轧板的宽度按100mm进级.""铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材(XC511)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积 (mm2)","理论重量 (kg/m)","H","B","b"1,"23","38","1.2","1.178","0.327"2,"26","34.5","3.5","3.157","0.875"3,"57","48","8","11.000","3.058"4,"68","38","2.5","3.509","0.976"5,"86","60","6","11.600","3.225""铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材(XC411)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"12.7","15.9","1.6","0.688","0.191",,11,"38","25","3","2.613","0.726"2,"20","15","1.2","0.578","0.163",,12,"44","25","4","3.690","1.001"3,"20","15","1.5","0.721","0.200",,13,"50","19","2.5","2.102","0.584"4,"25","18","1.5","0.885","0.246",,14,"80","30","3","4.020","1.118"5,"25","23","3.5","2.267","0.630",,15,"80","35","4","5.680","1.579"6,"31","25","2.5","1.900","0.528",,16,"80","40","4","6.080","1.690"7,"32","14","1.9","1.000","0.303",,17,"100","30","3","4.620","1.284"8,"34","25","3.5","2.764","0.768",,18,"100","35","4","6.480","1.801"9,"36","26","2.5","2.075","0.577",,19,"100","40","4","6.880","1.913"10,"36","31.5","3.2","2.960","0.823""铝及铝合金槽形型材""3,铝及铝合金槽形型材(XC311)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"13","13","1.6","0.561","0.156",,"31","45","40","3","3.638","1.011"2,"13","34","3.5","2.579","0.717",,"32","46","25","5","4.300","1.195"3,"20","15","1.3","0.620","0.172",,"33","50","20","4","5.331","0.926"4,"21","28","4","2.868","0.797",,"34","50","30","2","2.120","0.589"5,"25","13","2.4","1.134","0.315",,"35","50","30","4","4.131","1.148"6,"25","15","1.5","0.795","0.221",,"36","55","25","5","4.819","1.340"7,"25","18","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"37","55","30","3","3.299","0.917"8,"25","18","2","1.140","0.317",,"38","60","25","4","4.131","1.148"9,"25","20","2.5","1.520","0.423",,"39","60","35","5","6.000","1.668"10,"25","20","4","2.280","0.634",,"40","60","40","4","4.480","1.245"11,"25","25","5","3.250","0.904",,"41","63","38.3","4.8","6.275","1.744"12,"30","15","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"42","64","38","4","5.300","1.473"13,"30","18","1.5","0.960","0.267",,"43","70","25","3","3.449","0.959"14,"30","20","2","1.335","0.371",,"44","70","25","5","5.500","1.529"15,"30","22","6","3.870","1.076",,"45","70","26","3.2","3.700","1.028"16,"32","25","1.8","1.437","0.399",,"46","70","30","4","4.931","1.371"17,"32","25","2.5","1.925","0.535",,"47","70","40","5","7.080","1.968"18,"35","20","2.5","1.770","0.492",,"48","75","45","5","7.831","2.177"19,"35","30","2","1.833","0.510",,"49","80","30","4.5","6.010","1.671"20,"38","50","5","6.560","1.824",,"50","80","35","4.5","6.414","1.783"21,"40","18","2","1.453","0.404",,"51","80","35","6","8.280","2.302"22,"40","18","2.5","1.795","0.499",,"52","80","40","4","6.131","1.704"23,"40","18","3","2.129","0.592",,"53","80","40","6","8.900","2.474"24,"40","21","4","2.960","0.823",,"54","80","60","4","7.480","2.079"25,"40","25","2","1.730","0.481",,"55","90","50","6","10.680","2.969"26,"40","25","3","2.549","0.709",,"56","100","40","6","10.080","2.802"27,"40","30","3.5","3.250","0.904",,"57","100","48","6.3","11.550","3.211"28,"40","32","3","2.978","0.828",,"58","100","50","5","9.580","2.663"29,"40","50","4","5.280","1.468",,"59","128","40","9","17.100","4.754"30,"45","20","3","2.370","0.659""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管1""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","0.25","0.30","0.40","0.50","0.60","0.80","1.0","1.2",1.4,"1.5",1.6,1.8,"2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""50",,,,,,,"1.21","1.44","1.68","1.79","1.91","2.14","2.37","2.59","2.93","3.25","3.48","3.70","4.01","4.54","5.05","5.55""(51)",,,,,,,"1.23","1.47","1.71","1.83","1.96","2.18","2.42","2.64","2.99","3.32","3.55","3.79","4.10","4.64","5.16","5.67""53",,,,,,,"1.28","1.53","1.78","1.91","2.03","2.27","2.52","2.76","3.11","3.46","3.70","3.94","4.27","4.83","5.38","5.92""(54)",,,,,,,"1.31","1.59","1.82","1.94","2.07","2.31","2.56","2.81","3.18","3.53","3.77","4.02","4.36","4.93","5.49","6.04""56",,,,,,,"1.36","1.62","1.89","2.02","2.15","2.40","2.66","2.92","3.30","3.66","3.92","4.17","4.53","5.13","5.71","6.29""(57)",,,,,,,"1.38","1.65","1.92","2.05","2.18","2.45","2.71","2.97","3.36","3.74","4.00","4.25","4.62","5.23","5.83","6.41""60",,,,,,,"1.46","1.74","2.02","2.16","2.31","2.58","2.86","3.13","3.55","3.94","4.22","4.49","4.88","5.52","6.16","6.78""63",,,,,,,"1.53","1.83","2.13","2.27","2.42","2.71","3.01","3.30","3.72","4.15","4.44","4.73","5.13","5.81","6.49","7.14""65",,,,,,,"1.58","1.89","2.20","2.35","2.50","2.80","3.11","3.40","3.85","4.29","4.59","4.89","5.31","6.02","6.71","7.40""(68)",,,,,,,"1.65","1.98","2.36","2.46","2.62","2.93","3.26","3.57","4.04","4.49","4.81","5.12","5.57","6.31","7.05","7.77""70",,,,,,,"1.70","2.03","2.37","2.53","2.70","3.02","3.35","3.68","4.16","4.36","4.96","5.23","5.74","6.51","7.27","8.01""(73)",,,,,,,"1.78","2.12","2.47","2.64","2.82","3.16","3.50","3.84","4.35","4.84","5.18","5.52","6.00","6.81","7.60","8.38""75",,,,,,,"1.82","2.18","2.54","2.71","2.90","3.24","3.60","3.95","4.46","4.97","5.32","5.68","6.17","7.00","7.82","8.62""(76)",,,,,,,"1.85","2.21","2.57","2.76","2.94","3.29","3.65","4.00","4.53","5.05","5.40","5.75","6.26","7.10","7.93","8.75""80",,,,,,,,,"2.71","2.90","3.09","3.47","3.84","4.22","4.77","5.32","5.69","6.07","6.60","7.49","8.37","9.24""(83)",,,,,,,,,"2.82","3.02","3.21","3.60","4.00","4.37","4.96","5.52","5.92","6.31","6.86","7.79","8.71","9.62""85",,,,,,,,,"2.88","3.08","3.29","3.69","4.09","4.48","5.08","5.66","6.06","6.46","7.04","7.98","8.93","9.83""(89)",,,,,,,,,"3.02","3.24","3.45","3.86","4.29","4.70","5.33","5.94","6.36","6.77","7.38","8.38","9.38","10.33""90",,,,,,,,,"3.05","3.27","3.49","3.91","4.34","4.76","5.39","6.01","6.43","6.86","7.47","8.47","9.49","10.47""95",,,,,,,,,"3.21","3.46","3.68","4.13","4.59","5.02","5.70","6.36","6.81","7.26","7.90","8.98","10.04","11.10"100,,,,,,,,,"3.40","3.64","3.88","4.35","4.83","5.30","6.00","6.70","7.17","7.65","8.32","9.46","10.59","11.70""(102)",,,,,,,,,"3.46","3.73","3.97","4.45","4.93","5.40","6.13","6.84","7.32","7.81","8.50","9.67","10.82","11.96""(108)",,,,,,,,,"3.67","3.95","4.21","4.72","5.23","5.74","6.50","7.25","7.77","8.29","9.02","10.26","11.49","12.70"110,,,,,,,,,"3.74","4.03","4.28","4.81","5.32","5.84","6.62","7.39","7.92","8.43","9.19","10.46","11.70","12.93"120,,,,,,,,,,"4.36","4.66","5.25","5.83","6.38","7.24","8.07","8.66","9.22","10.06","11.44","12.93","14.30"125,,,,,,,,,,,,"5.46","6.06","6.64","7.54","8.42","9.02","9.61","10.50","11.91","13.37","14.80"130,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"7.86","8.78","9.40","10.00","10.92","12.43","13.92","15.48""(133)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"8.05","8.98","9.59","10.25","11.18","12.75","14.26","15.75"140,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.11","10.79","11.80","13.42","15.05","16.65"150,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.85","11.52","12.65","14.39","16.11","17.85"160,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"13.53","15.38","17.25","19.09"170,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"14.31","16.31","18.35","20.30"180,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"15.20","17.30","19.50","21.59"190,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"18.29","20.60","22.80"200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"19.67","21.65","24.00""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管2""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","5.5","6.0","6.5","7.0","7.5","8.0","8.5","9","9.5","10",11,12,"钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""5""6""7""8""9""10","0.518","0.536","0.561""11","0.592","0.615","0.647""12","0.666","0.694","0.734","0.789""(13)","0.740","0.774","0.820","0.888""14","0.814","0.852","0.906","0.986""(15)","0.888","0.932","0.993","1.09","1.17","1.23""16","0.962","1.10","1.08","1.18","1.28","1.35""(17)","1.04","1.09","1.17","1.28","1.39","1.48""18","1.11","1.17","1.25","1.38","1.50","1.60""(19)","1.18","1.25","1.34","1.48","1.61","1.73","1.54","1.92""20","1.26","1.33","1.42","1.58","1.72","1.85","1.97","2.07""(21)","1.33","1.41","1.51","1.68","1.83","1.97","2.10","2.22""22","1.41","1.49","1.60","1.77","1.94","2.10","2.24","2.37""(23)","1.48","1.57","1.68","1.87","2.05","2.22","2.37","2.52""(24)","1.55","1.64","1.77","1.97","2.16","2.34","2.51","2.66","2.81","2.93""25","1.63","1.72","1.86","2.07","2.28","2.47","2.64","2.81","2.97","3.11""(27)","1.78","1.88","2.03","2.27","2.50","2.71","2.92","3.11","3.29","3.45""28","1.85","1.96","2.11","2.37","2.61","2.84","3.05","3.26","3.45","3.68""29","1.92","2.02","2.20","2.47","2.72","2.96","3.19","3.40","3.60","3.80","3.98""30","2.00","2.12","2.29","2.56","2.83","3.08","3.32","3.55","3.77","3.97","4.16","4.34""32","2.15","1.28","2.46","2.76","3.05","3.33","3.59","3.85","4.09","4.32","4.53","4.74""34","2.29","2.43","2.63","2.96","3.27","3.58","3.87","4.14","4.41","4.66","4.90","5.13""(35)","2.37","2.51","2.72","3.06","3.38","3.70","4.00","4.29","4.57","4.83","5.09","5.33""36","2.44","2.59","2.81","3.16","3.50","3.82","4.14","4.44","4.73","5.01","5.27","5.52""38","2.59","2.75","2.98","3.35","3.72","4.07","4.41","4.74","5.05","5.35","5.64","5.92","6.18","6.44""40","2.74","2.91","3.15","3.55","3.94","4.32","4.68","5.03","5.37","5.70","6.01","6.31","6.60","6.88""42","2.89","3.07","3.32","3.75","4.16","4.56","4.95","5.33","5.69","6.04","6.38","6.71","7.02","7.32""44.5","3.07","3.25","3.54","4.00","4.44","4.87","5.29","5.70","6.09","6.47","6.84","7.20","7.55","7.88""45","3.11","3.31","3.58","4.04","4.49","4.93","5.36","5.77","6.17","6.56","6.94","7.30","7.65","7.99","8.32","8.63""48","3.33","3.54","3.84","4.34","4.83","5.30","5.76","6.21","6.65","7.08","7.49","7.89","8.28","8.66","9.03","9.57""水,煤气输送钢管""1,水,煤气输送钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)234-63]""公称内径",,"钢 管 螺 纹",,"外径 (mm)","普通管",,"加厚管""mm","(in.)",,"壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)","壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)""6","1/8''","10","2","0.89","2.50","0.46""8","1/4''","13.5","2.25","0.62","2.75","0.73""10","3/8''","17","2.25","0.82","2.75","0.97""15","1/2''","21.25","2.75","1.25","3.25","1.44""20","3/4''","26.75","2.75","1.63","3.5","2.01""25","1''","33.5","3.25","2.42","4","2.91""32","1 1''/4","42.25","3.25","3.13","4","3.77""40","1 1''/2","48","3.5","3.84","4.25","4.58""50","2''","60","3.5","4.88","4.5","6.16""70","2 1''/2","75.5","3.75","6.64","4.5","7.88""80","3''","88.5","4","8.34","4.75","9.81""100","4''","114","4","10.85","5","13.44""125","5''","140","4.5","15.04","5.5","18.24""150","6''","165","4.5","17.81","5.5","21.63""注(1)表列钢管是适用于输送水,煤气及采暖系统等用的钢管.分镀锌和不镀锌(黑管)两种;又分带螺纹和"" 不带螺纹两种;按壁厚可分为普通钢管,加厚钢管和薄壁钢管."" (2)钢管的长度规定为:无螺纹的黑管4~12m;带螺纹的黑管和镀锌管4~9m.每批允许有10%的(按根数计算)"" 2~4m长的短尺钢管或4~9m米长的接管(即用一个管接头将两根钢管连接而成)."" (3)经供需双方协议,可供应定尺长度或倍尺长度的钢管.其最大长度可到8m.按倍尺交货的钢管,每个单"" 倍尺应留切口5~10mm."" (4)钢管用易焊接的软钢制造,钢号和制造方法(炉焊或电焊)均由制造厂选择."" (5)钢管应能承受下列规定压力的水压试验:普通钢管和薄壁钢管:20kg/cm2;加厚钢管30kg/cm2.""电丝套管""2,电丝套管规格,重量表""名称","外径 (mm)","近似内径 (mm)","管壁厚度 (mm)","重量 (kg/m)","每吨长度 (m/t)""5/8''","15.9","12.3","1.8","0.626","1597.44""3/4''","19.1","15.5","1.8","0.627","1302.08""1''","25.4","21.8","1.8","0.628","954.20""1 1''/4","31.8","28.2","1.8","0.629","750.75""1 1''/2","38.1","34.5","1.8","0.630","620.73""电焊钢管""电焊钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)242-68]""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)",0.5,0.6,0.8,"1.0","1.2","1.4","1.5","1.6","1.8","2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","3.8","4.0",4.2,4.5,4.8,"5.0",5.5,"钢 管 的 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""(5)","0.055","0.065","0.083","0.099""(6)","0.068","0.080","0.108","0.123""(7)","0.080","0.095","0.122","0.148""(8)","0.092","0.110","0.142","0.173","(0.202)""(9)","0.105","0.125","0.162","0.197","0.231""10","0.117","0.139","0.182","0.222","(0.261)""(11)","0.129","0.154","0.201","0.247","0.290""12","0.142","0.169","0.221","0.271","0.320","0.365","(0.388)","0.411""(13)",,"0.184","0.241","0.296","0.349","0.400","0.425","0.451""(14)",,"0.199","0.260","0.321","0.379","0.434","0.462","0.490""15",,"0.214","0.280","0.345","0.409","0.468","(0.499)","0.529""16",,"0.228","0.300","0.370","0.438","0.503","(0.536)","0.568""(17)",,"0.244","0.320","0.395","0.468","0.537","0.573","0.608""18",,"0.258","0.340","0.419","0.497","0..572","(0.610)","0.647","(0.717)","(0.789)""(19)",,"0.274","0.359","0.444","0.527","0

本标准与引用标准及国标相近牌号对照表 表A.1Q/BQB 302-2003DIN1614－2 －86EN111－77EN10111 －1998JIS G 3131 －1996GB 710－91 /GB 711－88DD11（StW22） SPHCStW22FeP11DD11SPHC08DD12（StW23） SPHDRRStW23FeP12DD12SPHD08或08AlDD13（StW24） SPHEStW24FeP13DD13SPHE08Al附加说明: 本标准与DIN1614－2:1986、EN10111:1998和JIS G3131:1996的一致性程度为非等效。 本标准代替Q/BQB 302－1999。 本标准与Q/BQB 302－1999相比主要变化如下： —— 规范性引用文件中引用了Q/BQB300-2003、Q/BQB301-2003、GB/T 8170－1987； —— 按EN10111将牌号修改为DD11、DD12和DD13，并删除了牌号UStW23； —— SPHC、SPHD的公称厚度扩大为≤16mm，并增加相应的厚度允许偏差； —— 增加了表面处理方式和表面质量级别； —— 按EN10111修改了牌号DD系列的Mn含量规定，并将屈服强度参考值改为规定值； —— 增加了弯曲试验仲裁时的试样宽度； —— 对于热轧酸洗表面钢板及钢带，厚度扩大为≤6mm； —— 将钢带允许带有的缺陷部分不得超过每卷总长度“8％”修改为“6％”； —— 修改了力学性能和工艺性能的组批规定和复验规定。

冷轧薄钢板，简称冷轧钢板、冷轧薄板、冷轧板、冷板等。它还包括不锈钢板、弹簧钢板、硬钢片、镀锌板、镀锡板、镀铝板等。冷轧薄钢带，简称冷轧钢带、冷轧带钢、钢带、带钢、薄钢带、冷轧卷等。还包括不锈钢带、镀锌钢带、镀锡钢带等。 冷轧钢板标准 冷轧薄钢板、钢带（以下简称冷轧薄板）主要用于零件的冲压加工，而冷轧薄板的力学性能十分重要，它直接关系到板材的冲压性能。冷轧薄板是以不同的热处理状态分级的，不同硬度的材料，用于不同的加工方法，国家标准GB/T 13237-1991《优质碳素结构钢冷轧薄钢板和钢带》将冷轧薄板大致分为三级，P级用于普通冲压，S级用于深度冲压，Z级用于最深度冲压。中国冶金标准YB/T 5059-1993《低碳钢冷轧钢带》将薄钢板按硬度分为五级，即：TR（特级）、R（软）、BR（半软）、DY（低硬）和Y（冷硬）。其实通过一定的冷轧变形程度和冷轧后热处理的恰当配合，可以在广泛的范围内满足用户关于材料力学性能方面的要求。冷轧薄板根据用户加工上的要求可以分成更多的级别。例如：日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》的分类除分为一般用（spcc）、冲压用(spcd)和深冲压用（spce）三类外，还细分为退火、标准调质、1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬、全硬等级别。 在冷轧薄板力学性能的检测方面，一些标准只规定了拉伸试验，另一些标准除拉伸试验外还规定了硬度试验。 中国标准GB/T 13237-1991就只规定了拉伸试验，技术要求冷轧钢板标准如表一所示：牌号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率不小于拉延级别Z－S和PZSP08F275～365275～38034323008,08Al,10F275～390275～41032302810295～410295～43030392815F315～430315～45029282715335～450335～47027262520355～490335～50026252425——390～540——242330——440～590——222135——490～635——201940——510～650————1845——530～680————1650——540～715————14 日本标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》（该标准中包含了冷轧薄钢板和钢带）规定了拉伸试验，也规定了硬度试验，该标准的力学性能要求如下：表二：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的拉伸试验质牌号抗拉强度/MPa 不小于 伸长率/%不小于试样按以下公称厚度/mm>=0.250.250.400.601.01.6>=2.5SPCC SPCD SPCE(270) 270 270(32) 34 36(34) 36 3836 38 40　 37 39 41 　　 (38) 40 42 　39 41 435号试样轧制方向 表三：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的硬度值。调质区分符号 硬度最大HRBHV退火A57105标准调质S65115 注：厚度小于0.6mm的钢板和钢带，原则上不进行拉伸试验。 表四：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬材料的拉伸试验值。调质区分 符号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率/%最小试样1/8硬8294～410255号试样轧制方向1/4硬4370～490101/2硬2440～590——硬1>=550——     表五：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬状态的硬度值。调质区分符号HRBHV1/8硬 1/4硬8450～7165～8095～130 115～1501/2硬 硬2174～89 ≥85135～185 ≥170注：HRB和HV，仅选用其中之一。英国标准BS 1449/1.9-1991《厚板、薄板和钢带第一部分：碳素钢和碳锰钢厚板、薄板和钢带具有成形性能的冷轧窄钢带技术条件》对冷轧板分级为CS1（铝镇静稳定化超深冲）、CS2（超深冲）、CS3（深冲）、CS4（折边）、CS15（商品级）。这项标准的力学性能要求如表六所示： 表六：钢材交货时的力学性能轧制状态和级别退火（A）或平整冷轧（SP）状态硬度HV1)2)最大屈服强度Re1)/MPa最小抗拉强度Rm1)/MPa最小伸长率A1)/%最小弯心直径1)（180°弯曲）原始标距LO50mm80mmCS1A9514027038（36）0aSP10514027036（34）0aCS2A9514027036（34）0a SP10014027036（34）0aCS3A100（140）（280）（34）（32）0aSP110（140）（280）（34）（32）0aCS4A105（140）（280）——0aSP115（140）（280）——0a 注：1）窄钢带交货应符合，或者硬度和弯曲试验，或者拉伸和弯曲试验，但硬度和拉伸试验不应同时进行。     2）对于SP（平整冷轧）状态，与镀层精整（PL）或镜面光洁度（MF），或以“无拉伸痕”交货的钢材组合，最大硬度可以提高5个HV或抗拉强度可以提高20MPa。     3）牌号CS2、CS3和CS4的硬度值仅适用于沸腾钢。 如上所述冷轧薄板的力学性能可以通过拉伸试验来检测，也可以通过硬度试验来检测。由于硬度试验设备简单、易于掌握，试验效率高，并且金属硬度与强度之间有一定的对应关系，所以硬度检测是确定材料力学性能的更方便的方法。冷轧薄板的硬度检测可以用于冷轧板生产过程的质量控制，更适于生产冲压产品的厂家对原材料进行力学性能的复检。 日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996规定的硬度试验是洛氏硬度HRB和维氏硬度HV。维氏硬度试验可用于冷轧薄板，但洛氏硬度HRB却不适用于测试薄板材料。因为当板材厚度小于2mm时，测试HRB硬度可能会因为发生“测砧效应”而使测量的硬度值失准。对于薄板材料，可以测试表面洛氏硬度HRN或HRT，然后换算成HRB或HV硬度。冷轧钢板标准生产了一种便携式表面洛氏硬度计，它非常适合测试薄板和钢带材料，它可以在生产现场、销售现场或材料仓库快速进行冷轧薄板材料的洛氏硬度检测，完成一次测量仅需要10秒钟时间，检测的板材厚度范围为0.05-50mm。这种仪器可以用在冷轧薄板带的生产线上，对产品的热处理效果进行在线的质量控制。这种仪器更适用于冲压产品的生产厂家。可以用它对购入的板材硬度进行复检，可以携带它去钢材市场选购材料，也可以利用它对自己厂生产的冲压产品进行硬度检测。 这种仪器如果配上一个支承座，还可以放到办公桌上使用。可以对成批的成品或半成品工件做逐件检测。它的测试精度与台式洛氏硬度计相同。 目前冷轧薄带材料正在向超薄方向发展，据报道，上海宝钢已扎制出厚度为0.08mm的冷轧薄板带材。采用本所生产的PHR-1S型表面洛氏硬度计，配一个金刚点砧座，就可测试薄至0.05mm冷轧薄板带材料的硬度。 这种应用完全可以取代维氏硬度计，使冷轧薄板材料的力学性能检测实现快速、简便、经济。

热轧扁钢尺寸、外形、重量及允许偏差Dimensions, shape, weight and tolerances for hot-rolled flatsGB 704-88代替 GB704-83本标准适用于厚度为3～60mm，宽度为10～150mm，截面为矩形的一般用途热轧扁钢。1 尺寸及允许偏差1.1 热轧扁钢的截面图及标注符号（略）。1.2 热轧扁钢的截面尺寸及理论重量应符合表1的规定。   根据需方要求，并经供需双方协议，可供应表1所列规格之间的其他尺寸的扁钢，其允许偏差按相邻较大尺寸扁钢的规定。1.3 扁钢的截面尺寸允许偏差应符合表2的规定。表1宽度mm厚度，mm 3456789101112141618202225283032364045505660 理论重量，kg/m100.240.310.390.470.550.63                   120.280.380.470.570.660.75                   140.330.440.550.660.770.88                   160.380.500.630.750.881.001.151.26                 180.420.570.710.850.991.131.271.41                 200.470.630.780.941.101.261.411.571.731.88               220.520.690.861.041.211.381.551.731.902.07               250.590.780.981.181.371.571.771.962.162.362.753.14             280.660.881.101.321.541.761.982.202.422.643.083.53             300.710.941.181.411.651.882.122.362.592.833.303.774.244.71           320.751.001.261.511.762.012.262.552.763.013.524.024.525.02           350.821.101.371.651.922.202.472.753.023.303.854.404.955.506.046.877.69        400.941.261.571.882.202.512.833.143.453.774.405.025.656.286.917.858.79        451.061.411.772.122.472.833.183.533.894.244.955.656.367.077.778.839.8910.6011.3012.72     501.181.571.962.362.753.143.533.934.324.715.506.287.067.858.649.8110.9911.7812.5614.13     55 1.732.162.593.023.453.894.324.755.186.046.917.778.649.5010.7912.0912.9513.8215.54     60 1.882.362.833.303.774.244.715.185.656.597.548.489.4210.3611.7813.1914.1315.0716.9618.8421.20   65 2.042.553.063.574.084.595.105.616.127.148.169.1810.2011.2312.7614.2915.3116.3318.3720.1022.96   70 2.202.753.303.854.404.955.506.046.597.698.799.8910.9912.0913.7415.3916.4917.5819.7821.9824.73   75 2.362.943.534.124.715.305.896.487.078.249.4210.6011.7812.9514.7216.4817.6618.8421.2023.5526.49   80 2.513.143.774.405.025.656.286.917.548.7910.0511.3012.5613.8215.7017.5818.8420.1022.6125.1228.26   85  3.344.004.675.346.016.677.348.019.3410.6812.0113.3114.6816.6818.6820.0221.3524.0226.6930.0333.3637.3740.0490  3.534.244.955.656.367.077.778.489.8911.3012.7214.1315.5417.6619.7821.2022.6125.4328.2631.7935.3239.5642.3995  3.734.475.225.976.717.468.208.9510.4111.9313.4214.9216.4118.6420.8822.3723.8626.8529.8333.5637.2941.7644.74100  3.924.715.506.287.067.858.649.4210.9912.5614.1315.7017.2719.6221.9823.5525.1228.2631.4035.3239.2543.9647.10105  4.124.955.776.597.428.249.079.8911.5413.1914.8416.4818.1320.6123.0824.7326.3829.6732.9737.0941.2146.1649.46110  4.325.186.046.917.778.649.5010.3612.0913.8215.5417.2719.0021.5924.1825.9027.6331.0934.5438.8643.1848.3651.81120  4.715.656.597.548.489.4210.3611.3013.1915.0716.9618.8420.7223.5526.3828.2630.1433.9137.6842.3947.1052.7556.52125   5.896.877.858.839.8110.7911.7813.7415.7017.6619.6221.5824.5327.4829.4431.4035.3239.2544.1649.0654.9558.88130   6.127.148.169.1810.2011.2312.2514.2916.3318.3720.4122.4525.5128.5730.6232.6636.7440.8245.9251.0257.1561.23140    7.698.799.8910.9912.0913.1915.3917.5819.7821.9824.1827.4830.7732.9735.1739.5643.9649.4654.9561.5465.94150    8.249.4210.6011.7812.9514.1316.4818.8421.2023.5525.9029.4432.9735.3237.6842.3947.1052.9958.8865.9470.65注：表中的理论重量按密度7.85g/cm3计算。表2宽度厚度尺寸允许偏差尺寸允许偏差普通级较高级 普通级较高级10～50+0.5 -1.0+0.3 -0.93~16+0.3 -0.5+0.2 -0.4            >50～75+0.6 -1.3+0.4 -1.2>75～100+0.9 -1.8+0.7 -1.7>16～60+1.5％ -3.0％+1.0％ -2.5％>100~150+1.0% -2.0%+0.8% -1.8%2.1  通常长度2.1.1 普通钢第一组（理论重量≤19kg/m）扁钢—3～9米第二组（理论重量>19kg/m）扁钢 —3～7米2.1.2 优质钢全部规格尺寸扁钢————————2～6米根据供需双方协议并在合同中注明，可供应超长长度的扁钢。2.2  定尺长度或倍尺长度及允许偏差2.2.1 定尺长度或倍尺长度应在合同中注明。2.2.2 定尺长度或倍尺长度的扁钢，其长度允许偏差应符合下列规定：长度≤4m————————+30、0mm长度>4～6m———————+50、0mm长度>6m————————+70、0mm3    外形3.1  弯曲度     扁钢的弯曲度应符合规定。3.2  扭转     扁钢不得有明显的扭转。3.3  切料     扁钢的端头应剪切正直，切斜不得大于以下规定：     宽度≤100mm的扁钢，不得大于6mm；     宽度>100mm的扁钢，不得大于8mm3.4  截面形状不正4    重量4.1  通常长度扁钢按实际重量交货。经供需双方协议并在合同中注明可按理论重量交货。4.2  定尺长度和倍尺长芭扁钢按理论重量交货。经供需双方协议并在合同中注明可按实际重量交货。5    交货状态     扁钢以直条交货。6    标记示例（略）。

不锈钢厚度测量/不锈钢厚度 不锈钢管是一种中空的长条钢材，大量用作输送流体的管道，如石油、天燃气、水、煤气、蒸气等，另外，在搞弯、抗扭强度相同时，重量较轻，所以也广泛用于制造机械零件和工程结构。也常用作生产各种常规武器。分类：钢管分无缝钢管和焊接钢管（有缝管）两大类。按断面形状又可分为圆管和异形管，广泛应用的是圆形钢管，但也有一些方形、矩形、半圆形、六角形、等边三角形、八角形等异形钢管。 对于承受流体压力的钢管都要进行液压试验来检验其耐压能力和质量，在规定的压力下不发生泄漏、浸湿或膨胀为合格，有些钢管还要根据标准或需方要求进行卷边试验、扩口试验、压扁试验等的分类：钢管分无缝钢管和焊接钢管（有缝管）两大类。按断面形状又可分为圆管和异形管，广泛应用的是圆形钢管，但也有一些方形、矩形、半圆形、六角形、等边三角形、八角形等异形钢管。 对于承受流体压力的钢管都要进行液压试验来检验其耐压能力和质量，在规定的压力下不发生泄漏、浸湿或膨胀为合格，有些钢管还要根据标准或需方要求进行卷边试验、扩口试验、压扁试验等。 无缝不锈钢管也称不锈钢无缝管,是用钢锭或实心管坯经穿孔制成毛管，然后经热轧、冷轧或冷拨制成。无缝钢管的规格用外径*壁厚毫米数表示。 不锈钢管的厚度公差为+0.01mm,-0.02mm。合同中未注明的以此标准执行！ 不锈钢厚度 也就是按支结算的，价格按照合同厚度计算，生产按照国家标准执行！ 如果合同中注明了实际厚度，在计算重量和价格时，厚度按照+0.02mm计算。 不锈钢板的尺寸规格 通用尺寸：1000*2000、1219*2438、1500*6000、1800*6000 普通定尺：1000*定尺、1219*定尺、1500*定尺、1800*定尺 任意定尺（一般价格会较高） 以上单位均为mm

镀锌的镀层厚度（coating thickness），是指钢铁表面上锌和(或)锌合金镀层的总厚度，以km表示。镀锌的镀层局部厚度（local coating thickness），在某一基本测量面按规定次数用磁性法所测得的镀层厚度的算术平均值或用称量法进行一次测量所测得的镀层镀覆量的厚度换算值。镀锌的镀层平均厚度（mean coating thickness ），对某一大件或某一批镀锌件抽样后测得镀层局部厚度的算术平均值。镀锌是指在装有镀件、玻璃球、锌粉、水和促进剂的旋转滚桶内，作为冲击介质的玻璃球随着滚桶转动，与镀件表面发生摩擦和锤击产生机械物理能量，在化学促进剂的作用下，将镀涂的锌粉“冷焊”到镀件表面上，形成光滑、均匀和细致的具有一定厚度的镀层。我们通常用镀锌量来表示镀锌钢材的镀锌厚度，一个普遍采用的有效方法，镀锌量的单位为g/m2。镀锌镀层厚度的作用和影响：镀锌镀层的厚度决定了镀件的防腐蚀性能。可以选择高于或低于标准的锌镀层厚度。对于表面光滑的3mm以下薄钢板，工业生产中得到较厚的镀层是困难的，另外，与钢材厚度不相称的锌镀层厚度会影响镀层与基材的结合力以及镀层外观质量。过厚的镀层会造成镀层外观粗糙，易剥落，镀件经不起搬运和安装过程中的碰撞。

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板。冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，冷轧钢板的密度不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。冷轧钢板的密度：热轧钢板含碳量可比冷轧钢板略高些。在成份相持不大的情况下密度是一样的。但如果成份相差悬殊，如不锈钢不论冷轧、热轧密度都在7.9g/cm3左右。具体还要看成份，热轧只是延展性更好，钢材同样受到压力作用

一般他们的规格标准写成（厚度*宽度*C，C表示长度，由于一般卷起来所以用C表示，如果是矩形钢就会有长度）例如我们所看到的瑞丰带钢2.5*315*C，武钢热卷11.5*1500*C，其中315和1500表示宽度为315mm和1500mm，由此我们认定带钢和热卷的区别在于带钢宽度在1000mm以下，所以能通过规格一眼区分瑞丰的带钢和武钢的热卷，至于为什么有人用带钢有人用热卷，那要看他们厂的轧机能扎什么宽度，由此需求也有所不同。至于楼下提到的Q235是指此钢材能在接受235兆帕的压强之下不变形，用来表示钢材的材质，同理Q195也自然是在195兆帕的压强下不变形。 热轧带钢 2.1 带钢热连轧机的紧凑化布置 　　带钢热连轧机主要有全连续式、半连续式、3/4连续式三种布置形式，它们的区别集中在粗轧区。全连续式带钢热连轧机的主要特点是轧机均为不可逆轧机，带钢在粗轧区轧制时，每架轧机只按板坯的前进方向轧制一道，并且不形成连轧；半连续式带钢热连轧机的主要持点是至少有一架可逆式轧制，带钢在粗轧区内采用可逆式轧制，进行多道次压下，在粗轧机组不形成连轧；3/4连续式带钢热连轧机的主要特点是带钢在粗轧区部分轧机采用可逆式轧制，而在最后的两架粗轧机内形成连轧。　　全连续式带钢热连轧机自动化程度高、产量高，但设备多、投资大，轧制流程长，因此轧件热量损失过多，不利于保温、抢温轧制。特别是在生产过程中，由于每架轧机只轧一道次，使得粗轧机大部分时间处于闲置状态，因此设备利用率过低。为此，广泛采用半连续及3/4连续式带钢热连轧机，节约设备投资，提高粗轧机组的利用率，并缩短轧线长度，减少轧件的热量损失。近年来，由于粗轧机控制水平的提高和轧机结构的改进，轧机牌坊强度增大，轧制速度也相对提高，粗轧机单机架生产能力增大，轧机产量已不受粗轧机产量的制约，因此，半连续式粗轧机发展较快。但由于可逆式轧机操作维修复杂，能耗大，所以对于年产300万t以上规模的带钢厂，3/4连续式带钢热连轧机成为主流。2.2 AWC立辊短行程控制　　板坯在粗轧机组中要经过立辊和水平辊交替轧制，通过立辊的侧压实现宽度控制，但是与轧件中部相比，头尾因没有外端的限制作用，在立轧道次将出现头尾失宽。若不对头尾的失宽现象进行有效的控制，则会对宽度精度和成材率产生不利影响。　　有AWC（宽度自动控制）功能的重型立辊轧机是为了适应连铸和有利热轧带钢板坯热装的发展而产生的现代轧机。这类立辊轧机结构先进，主传动电机功率大，侧压能力大，和在轧制过程中对带坯进行调宽、控宽及头尾形状控制，不仅可以减少连铸板坯的宽度规格，而且有利于实现热轧带钢板坯的热装，提高带坯宽度精度和减少切损。　　按控制方式不同，AWC分为：轧制力反馈控制（RF—AWC）、前馈控制（FF—AWC）和短行程控制（SS—AWC）。　　轧制力反馈控制（RF—AWC）是根据侧压时沿板坯长度方向材料硬度不同，会使立辊轧机产生不同的弹跳量，导致轧制力变化的原理，将测得的轧制力变化，由液压AWC装置快速变更辊缝，从而改变轧制压力，使板坯宽度保持为常数，以便水平轧制后的板坯在长度方向上的宽度均匀。　　前馈控制（FF—AWC）是针对板坯在加热炉内加热受水冷滑道影响而产生温度低于其他部位的水印，立辊侧压后进行水平轧制时，水印处的材料宽度大于其他部分的材料宽展，导致长度方向上产生宽度差，侧压时对水印进行跟踪，预设定液压AWC，在水印处加大侧压量，消除水印处产生的多余的宽展量，使水平轧制后的板坯达到设定的宽度值。　　短行程控制（SS—AWC）是解决板坯侧压量较大时，金属易向中部或两个角部流动，造成板坯头尾失宽的问题。此外，板坯侧压边部凸起，呈两端小、中间大，水平轧制后又加大头尾失宽，通过液压AWC装置对板坯的头尾进行短行程控制，调节其侧压量，使板坯头尾经水平轧制后趋于矩形，从而使整个板坯在长度方向上的宽度均匀，少头尾切损，提高产品收得率。2.3 中间坯保温技术和边部感应加热技术　　粗轧机出口带坯长度可达80～90m，进精轧机轧制过程中，为了减少输送辊道上的温度降，以节约能耗，近年来很多工厂还采用在输送辊道上安置绝热保温罩或补偿加热炉（器）。保温罩内表面附一层吸热温升快、热反射率高的特殊合金层，有效地提高了进入精轧的中间坯温度，从而可降低加热炉出坯温度，提高成材率，节约燃耗。还可提高板带末端温度、减少带钢头尾温差，使板带温度更加均匀，可轧出更宽更薄重量更大及精度性能质量更高的板卷。　　带坯在轧制过程中，边部由于散热较快，其温降大于中部温降，温差大约为100℃。边部温差大，在带钢横截面上晶粒组织不均匀，性能差异大，同时，还将造成轧制中边部裂纹和对轧辊严重的不均匀磨损。因此，在精轧机组前对带坯边部进行加热，将温度补偿到与中部温度一致。一般采用电磁感应加热器，可使带坯边部温度提高30～50℃，使带钢横向温度更加均匀，从而减少带钢边部裂纹，以适应轧制薄规格产品和硅钢、不锈钢、高碳钢等特殊品种的钢。

热轧扁钢规格、重量表[冶标(GB)704-65]宽度(mm)  厚                               度4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 16 18 20 22 25 28 30     重                               量     (kg/m) 热轧扁钢规格12 0.38 0.47 0.57 0.66 0.75 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　14 0.44 0.55 0.66 0.77 0.88 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　16 0.50 0.63 0.75 0.88 1.00 1.15 1.26 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　18 0.57 0.71 0.85 0.99 1.13 1.27 1.41 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　20 0.63 0.79 0.94 1.10 1.26 1.41 1.57 1.73 1.88 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　22 0.69 0.86 1.04 1.21 1.38 1.55 1.73 1.90 2.07 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　25 0.79 0.98 1.18 1.37 1.57 1.77 1.96 2.16 2.36 2.75 3.14 　 　 　 　 　 　28 0.88 1.10 1.32 1.54 1.76 1.98 2.20 2.42 2.64 3.08 3.53 　 　 　 　 　 　30 0.94 1.18 1.41 1.65 1.88 2.12 2.36 2.59 2.83 3.36 3.77 4.24 4.71 　 　 　 　32 1.01 1.25 1.50 1.76 2.01 2.26 2.54 2.76 3.01 3.51 4.02 4.52 5.02 　 　 　 　（35） 1.10 1.37 1.65 1.92 2.202.753.30 3.95　 　 　 　36 1.13 1.41 1.69 1.97 2.26 2.51 2.82 3.11 3.39 3.95 4.52 5.09 5.65 　 　 　 　40 1.26 1.57 1.88 2.20 2.51 2.83 3.14 3.45 3.77 4.40 5.02 5.65 6.28 6.91 7.85 8.79 　45 1.41 1.77 2.12 2.47 2.83 3.18 3.53 3.89 2.24 4.95 5.65 6.36 7.07 7.77 8.83 9.89 10.6050 1.57 1.96 2.36 2.75 3.14 3.53 3.93 4.32 4.71 5.50 6.28 7.07 7.85 8.64 9.81 10.99 11.78（55） 1.73 2.16 2.59 3.02 3.454.325.19 6.0556 1.76 2.20 2.64 3.08 3.52 3.95 4.39 4.83 5.27 6.15 7.30 7.91 8.79 9.67 10.99 12.31 13.1960 1.88 2.36 2.83 3.30 3.77 4.24 4.71 5.18 5.65 6.59 7.54 8.48 9.42 10.36 11.78 13.19 14.1363 1.98 2.47 2.97 3.46 3.95 4.45 4.94 5.44 5.93 6.92 7.91 8.90 9.69 10.88 12.36 13.85 14.3465 2.04 2.55 3.06 3.57 4.08 4.59 5.10 5.61 6.12 7.14 8.16 9.19 10.21 11.23 12.76 14.29 15.3170 2.20 2.75 3.30 3.85 4.40 4.95 5.50 6.04 6.59 7.69 8.79 8.89 10.99 12.09 13.74 15.39 16.4975 2.36 2.94 3.53 4.12 4.71 5.30 5.89 6.48 7.07 8.24 9.42 10.60 11.78 12.95 14.72 16.49 17.6680 2.51 3.14 3.77 4.40 5.02 5.65 6.28 6.91 7.54 8.79 10.05 11.30 12.56 13.82 15.70 17.58 18.8485 2.67 3.34 4.00 4.67 5.34 6.01 6.67 7.34 8.01 9.34 10.68 12.01 13.35 14.68 16.68 18.68 20.0290 2.83 3.53 4.24 4.95 5.56 6.36 7.07 7.77 8.48 9.89 11.30 12.72 14.13 15.54 17.65 19.78 21.2095 2.98 3.73 4.47 5.22 5.97 6.71 7.46 8.20 8.95 10.44 11.93 13.42 14.92 16.41 18.84 20.88 22.37100 3.14 3.93 4.71 5.50 6.28 7.07 7.85 8.64 9.42 10.99 12.56 14.13 15.70 17.27 19.63 21.98 23.55105 3.30 4.12 4.95 5.77 6.59 7.42 8.24 9.07 9.89 11.54 13.19 14.84 16.49 18.18 20.61 23.08 24.73110 3.45 4.32 5.18 6.04 6.91 7.77 8.64 9.50 10.36 12.09 13.82 15.54 17.27 19.00 21.59 24.18 25.91120 3.77 4.71 5.65 6.59 7.54 8.48 9.42 10.36 11.30 13.19 15.07 16.96 18.84 20.72 23.55 26.38 28.26125 3.93 4.91 5.89 6.67 7.85 8.83 9.81 10.76 11.78 13.74 15.70 17.66 19.63 21.50 24.53 27.48 29.44130 4.08 5.10 6.12 7.14 8.16 9.18 10.21 11.23 12.25 14.29 16.33 18.87 20.41 22.45 25.51 28.57 30.62140 4.40 5.50 6.59 7.69 8.79 9.89 10.99 12.09 13.19 15.39 17.58 19.78 21.98 24.18 27.48 30.77 32.97150 4.71 5.89 7.07 8.24 9.42 10.60 11.78 12.95 14.13 16.49 18.84 21.20 23.55 25.91 29.44 32.97 35.33160 5.02 6.28 7.54 8.79 10.05 11.30 12.56 13.82 15.07 17.58 20.10 22.61 25.12 27.63 31.40 35.17 37.63170 5.34 6.67 8.01 9.34 10.68 12.01 13.35 14.68 16.01 18.68 21.35 24.02 26.09 29.36 33.36 37.37 40.04180 5.65 7.07 8.48 9.89 11.30 12.72 14.13 15.54 16.96 19.78 22.61 25.43 28.26 31.09 35.33 39.56 42.39190 5.97 7.46 8.95 10.44 11.93 13.42 14.92 16.41 17.90 20.88 23.86 26.85 29.83 32.81 37.29 41.76 44.75200 6.28 7.85 9.42 10.99 12.56 14.13 15.70 17.27 18.84 21.98 25.12 28.26 31.40 34.54 39.25 43.96 47.10注     扁钢按其表列重量不同分为三组：          第一组    每m小于19kg，通常长（非定尺）3~9m。          第二组    每m小于19~60kg，通常长（非定尺）3~7m。          第三组    每m大于60kg，通常长（非定尺）3~5m。          括号内型号为非标准产品，通常长度2~6m。

采用SAE1006,生产设施配套热轧板表面处理酸洗线、光亮罩式退火炉、四棍可逆冷轧，并配有板面精密平整机组，消除应力平面拉矫机，高精密分条机组。 齐全可轧制厚度为0.08mm～1.5mm厚薄公差控制在±0.02mm以内，宽度由180mm～630mm冷轧卷板。 具有延伸率高、表面光滑达到镜面效果、厚薄度标准、板形平直、耐生锈等特点，适用于各种五金冲压、拉伸性能良好。如LED支架、转定子、灯饰、风扇、摩托车油箱、钢管、家用电器及外壳等各类五金产品。 热卷规格为:2.75*1500*C、3.0*1500*C、3.25*1500*C、3.5*1500*C、3.75*1500*C、4.25*1500*C、4.5*1500*C、4.75*1500*C、5.25*1500*C、5.5*1500*C、5.75*1500*C、6.5*1500*C、7.25*1500C、7.5*1500*C、7.75*1500*C、9.25*1500*C、9.5*1500*C、9.75*1500*C、11.25*1500*C、11.5*1500*C、11.75*1500*C... 热轧板规格板材：（1）中厚板 ：钢板是一种宽厚比和表面积都很大的扁平钢材。按厚度为为薄钢板(厚度 4毫米)在实际工作中 ，常将厚度 20-60毫米的钢板称为厚板，厚度>60毫米的钢板称为特厚板，统称为中厚钢板。宽度比较小，长度很长的钢板，称为钢带，列为一个独立的品种。钢板有很大的覆盖和包容能力，可用作屋面板、苫盖材料以及制造容器、储油罐、包装箱、火车车箱、汽车外壳、工业炉的壳体等：可按使用要求进行剪裁与组合，制成各种结构件和机械零件，还可制成焊接型钢，进一步扩大钢板的使用范围；可以进行弯曲和冲压成型，制成锅炉、容器、冲制汽车外壳、民用器皿、器具、还可用作焊接钢管、冷弯型钢的坯料。钢板成张或成卷供应。成张钢板的规格以厚度*宽度*长度的毫米数表示。熟悉板、带材的规格，在宽度和长度上充分利用，对提高材料利用率，减少不适当的边角余料、降低工时及产品成本，有十分重要的意义。 普中板、低合金板、容器板 锅炉板 桥梁板、船板。注：这几种板材均出自中厚板轧机，只是由于炼钢所加入材料的不同而区分开来，其外形、厚度、规格基本设置基本相同，一般厚度为6-120mm，其中6 mm、8 mm、10 mm、12mm中厚板价格依次降低，6mm中厚板价格在其中属最贵档次；14-30mm为常用规格，价格处于同一水平；32-49mm属于厚板系列，价格处于同一水平，比常用规格板价格略贵；50-120mm属于超厚板系列，50-90mm板价格处于同一水平，90mm以上规格板价格随着厚度的增加将提高。中厚板代表规格为20mm。 （2）板卷：a、热轧板卷：热轧，是以板坯（主要为连铸坯）为原料，经加热后由粗轧机组及精轧机组制成钢带。从精轧最后一架轧机出来的热钢带通过层流冷却至设定温度，由卷取机卷成钢带卷，冷却后的钢带卷，根据用户的不同需求，经过不同的精整作业线（平整、矫直、横切或纵切、检验、称重、包装及标志等）加工而成为钢板、平整卷及纵切钢带产品。简单点儿来说，一块钢坯在加热后（就是电视里那种烧的红红的发烫的钢块）精过几道轧制，再切边，矫正成为钢板，这种叫热轧。 热轧板卷（以平板形式或者卷板形式存在）一般厚度在2.0-13.5mm之间，其中2.0-3.0mm热卷价格从薄到厚逐渐降低；大部分钢厂3.1mm-13.5mm价格基本相当，部分厂家、市场3.1-4.0mm以及9.5mm-13.5mm热板卷价格可能高于4.0mm-9.5mm板的价格，热板卷代表规格为5.5mm厚产品，正常情况下平板的价格略高于卷板的价格。 b、冷轧板卷：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在6~13.5吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制，内径为610mm。冷轧，是在热轧板卷的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧---酸洗---冷轧这样的加工过程。冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。

主要有铜皮厚度35um；50um；70um转载：PCB设计时铜箔厚度,走线宽度和电流的关系不同厚度不同宽度的铜箔的载流量见下表:铜皮厚度35um 铜皮厚度50um 铜皮厚度70um铜皮t=10 铜皮t=10 铜皮t=10电流A宽度mm 电流A宽度mm 电流A宽度mm6.00 2.50 5.10 2.50 4.50 2.505.10 2.00 4.30 2.00 4.00 2.004.20 1.50 3.50 1.50 3.20 1.503.60 1.20 3.00 1.20 2.70 1.203.20 1.00 2.60 1.00 2.30 1.002.80 0.80 2.40 0.80 2.00 0.802.30 0.60 1.90 0.60 1.60 0.602.00 0.50 1.70 0.50 1.35 0.501.70 0.40 1.35 0.40 1.10 0.401.30 0.30 1.10 0.30 0.80 0.300.90 0.20 0.70 0.20 0.55 0.200.70 0.15 0.50 0.15 0.20 0.15注1 用铜皮作导线通过大电流时铜箔宽度的载流量应参考表中的数值降额50%去选择考虑再看看摘自<<电子电路抗干扰实用技术>>(国防工业出版社, 毛楠孙瑛96.1第一版)的经验公式,“由于敷铜板铜箔厚度有限,在需要流过较大电流的条状铜箔中,应考虑铜箔的载流量问题. 仍以典型的0.03mm 厚度的为例,如果将铜箔作为宽为W(mm),长度为L(mm)的条状导线, 其电阻为0.0005*L/W 欧姆. 另外,铜箔的载流量还与印刷电路板上安装的元件种类,数量以及散热条件有关. 在考虑到安全的情况下, 一般可按经验公式0.15*W(A)来计算铜箔的载流量.Ps -ef|grep wczPs -e|grep allegro150um没见过，要么是双层以上的PCB夹在中间的供电用，表面的多为嵌入的吧正常的制程下, 铜皮厚度有18um、35um、50um、70um ; 而超过70um以上的， 就属于特殊制程了， 对于厚铜板，当然主要还是靠的是电镀加镀镀铜， 铜厚度不够， 一直镀，直到镀到所要求厚度为止。而对于厚铜板，制作中有一个很大的技术缺陷， 就是在蚀刻和绿油制作时， 特别难加工， 因为铜厚， 蚀刻的侧蚀量也较大， 从而很难达到客户要求的线宽线隙要求；而铜较高， 绿油加工时， 无铜区就要重点加工， 而此时又极易会出现绿油分层的现象， 这也是一个控制的重点……

我们通常用镀锌量来表示镀锌钢材的镀锌层厚度，一个普遍采用的有效方法，镀锌量的单位为g/m2。镀锌层厚度有多种表示方法，例如镀层总厚度、镀层局部厚度、镀层平均厚度等等。镀锌层厚度（coating thickness），是指钢铁表面上锌和(或)锌合金镀层的总厚度，以km表示。镀锌层局部厚度（local coating thickness），在某一基本测量面按规定次数用磁性法所测得的镀层厚度的算术平均值或用称量法进行一次测量所测得的镀层镀覆量的厚度换算值。镀锌层平均厚度（mean coating thickness ），对某一大件或某一批镀锌件抽样后测得镀层局部厚度的算术平均值。镀锌是指在装有镀件、玻璃球、锌粉、水和促进剂的旋转滚桶内，作为冲击介质的玻璃球随着滚桶转动，与镀件表面发生摩擦和锤击产生机械物理能量，在化学促进剂的作用下，将镀涂的锌粉“冷焊”到镀件表面上，形成光滑、均匀和细致的具有一定厚度的镀层。镀锌层厚度直接决定了镀件的防腐蚀性能。可以选择高于或低于标准的锌镀层厚度。对于表面光滑的3mm以下薄钢板，工业生产中得到较厚的镀层是困难的，另外，与钢材厚度不相称的锌镀层厚度会影响镀层与基材的结合力以及镀层外观质量。过厚的镀层会造成镀层外观粗糙，易剥落，镀件经不起搬运和安装过程中的碰撞。

粉末涂料的厚度的技术。它简述了工作原理和相关行业的测试方法和标准。 一、概述 膜厚度测量应该是所有粉末涂布人员（图1）的常规工作。定期测量有助于控制材料成本，管理涂布的效率，并保持表面质量。粉末涂料制造商建议可使涂层达到较佳性能特点的目标薄膜厚度范围并且这些参数满足客户期望。 粉末膜厚固化前和固化后的膜厚可以利用几种不同的仪器进行测量。例如见图2.每个粉末涂覆操作应该知道什么设备是可用的，以及如何使用它。 二、测量膜厚的必要性 薄膜厚度可以说是在保护涂层的应用和检查过程中的一个较重要的测量。粉末涂层专用于由制造商指定的厚度范围进行涂覆实现其预期的功能。许多成品涂层的物体和外观性能会直接受到干膜厚度（DFT）的影响。DFT会影响涂层的颜色、光泽、表面轮廓、附着力、柔韧性、耐冲击性和硬度。如果膜厚不在容差范围内，涂布后的组装件的安装也会受其影响。 准确测量涂层厚度也有其他的好处。是否能满足国际标准化组织（ISO）、产品质量或客户的要求进行过程控制，企业需要确认涂层质量避免为返工产品花冤枉钱。通过检查他们的应用设备，他们保证应用的涂层符合制造商的建议。 施涂者必须均匀地涂覆粉末涂料，并且要根据产品规格表的要求。施涂过大的DFT不仅浪费，而且会有不完全固化的可能的风险，并且会大大减少涂层系统的整体性能。高膜构造通常会导致粘结强度低。涂层容易从基材上剥离或破裂。定期检测可以减少内部返工和因加工缺陷而客户退货的数量。 三、符合标准 粉末涂层厚度的测量要根据测试是在粉末固化之前或之后来使用不同的测量方法。美国社会测试和材料协会（ASTM）具有一系列的描述这些技术的标准。 D 4138测试方法描述了用切片仪器测试坚固底材的破坏性测量方法。 D 7091操作规程描述了用磁性测厚仪和 涡流测厚仪测量金属底材的非破坏性测量方法。D6132测试方法描述了用超声波测厚仪 测量非金属底材的非破坏性测量方法。 D 7378标准描述了三种测量制备的预固化粉末涂层的厚度的方法来预估固化后的厚度。 四、膜厚度测量的概要 膜厚测量可以在固化和交联之前或之后进行。基底的类型、涂层的厚度范围、涂层的大小和形状及作业的经济能力决定使用的测量方法。 在未固化的粉末涂料，高度的测量可以用粉梳子和使用专用的粉末探头的电子测量仪进行测量。由于在固化过程粉末涂层的厚度会减少，所以要确定减少的因素来预测固化后的DFT。另外，超声波仪器测量未固化的粉末不用接触表面并且能自动预测粉末的固化厚度。 固化后，各种手持设备可在涂层部分上进行直接DFT测量。这些非破坏性的测厚仪器要根据底材的类型来选择是磁感应、还是电涡流或者是超声波原理。不太常见的方法包括微米测量，破坏性干膜方法如横切片，和重量（质量）的测量。 1、标准测量单位 在美国粉厚度测量中使用的正常标准单位是密耳;1.0密耳等于千分之一英寸（1/1000英寸）。如果制造商的指定厚度为2.0到5.0密耳，该粉末的较终固化厚度应为0.002英寸和0.005英寸之间。测量的公制单位被称为微米（微米）;25.4微米等于1.0密耳。 涂布器必须要均匀地施涂粉末涂料，并且要根据产品规格表。这提供了特定粉末规范的较大利益。大多数厚度检测规范适用于粉末的固化厚度，所以我们看到不同厚度的测量技术开始出现。 2、固化膜厚度测量 千分尺是用于检测DFT的原始仪器之一，并且仍然在今天被应用。它具有测量任何涂层/底材组合的优点，但是存在要求同时测量裸露基材厚度的缺点。必须进行两次测量：一次包含涂层，而另一次没有。两个读数，高度变化之间的差，是涂层厚度。 有两种破坏性的技术也可使用。一个是通过显微镜观察切割切断的截面中的包覆部分并测量膜厚度。另一种是通过固化的涂层使用缩放显微镜查看一个几何切口。当不能使用廉价的，无损的方法，或者当非破坏性结果需要确认时需要使用这方法。 较普遍的测量固化粉末厚度的方法就是使用电子DFT测量仪。它们是手持式、易于操作，并且成本相对较低。它们根据材料的类型选择磁感应、电涡流或超声波原理。 当零件是由钢制成的可使用机械计。其采用较久磁铁和一个校准弹簧。该装置测量将磁铁从涂覆钢表面拉出所需的力。磁拉断计是坚固耐用，操作简单，价格低廉，携带方便，并且通常不需要任何校准调整。它们在一些只需几个读数的生产场合是比较合适且经济的替代方法。 由于具有简单性、多功能性、准确性和具有保持记录功能的原因，电子DFT测量仪器对于大型和小型粉末操作都是非常热门的选择。他们使用磁感应原理测量钢底材，使用电涡流原理测量其他金属底材。有时会集两种原理于一台仪器中。测试的结果直接显示在易于读取的液晶显示屏（LCD）上。多种探头可选择用于测量不规则形状或准确测量非常薄或非常厚的涂层系统。 非金属底材测量如涂覆的塑料或木材要求使用超声波脉冲技术。这为之前行业无法以合理价格进行非破坏性质量控制提供一个可能。这种测量技术的一个好处是在一个多层涂层系统测量所述各个层的可能性。 3、预固化膜厚度测量。 到目前为止讨论的测量方法已经使用在部分固化后的粉末厚度。它也可以，甚至在某些情况下更可取的，在制备后立即测量涂层以预测固化后的粉末涂层的厚度。 如果涂层被不正当地施涂后，校正已经干燥或化学固化需要昂贵的额外的劳动时间，可能会导致膜的污染，并可能引入粘合性和涂层系统的完整性的问题。制备过程中测量膜厚度可确定涂布器是否需要立即校正或调节。 4、干粉末的测量。 虽然大多数粉末涂料规格规定了固化的目标厚度，这可以在较终固化和交联之前确定施涂的粉末是否符合厚度规格。 有很好的理由需要一个准确的固化DFT预测值，尤其是在移动线。取决于烘箱的长度，被固化的部分数量，以及固化过程所需的时间和固化后手动测量DFT值的时间，在操作者为做一些必要的修改而在应用过程中进行干预之前有一个相当充分的延迟时间。 如果发现涂层缺陷，相当大的涂覆部分不得不在一个修配环中重新加工，或者如果重新加工的成本太高，它们甚至可能不得不废弃。对于某些操作，对于满足现代加工程序的要求这些缺点是无法接受的。 在预固化、预凝胶状态时测量粉末确保正确的固化膜厚度。这样能够在固化前对应用系统进行设置和微调。反过来，这将减少废料的数量和过度喷雾情况。准确的预测能够避免剥离和再涂层，不然可能会导致附着力和涂层完整性问题。 ASTM D 7378标准描述了测量涂覆粉末涂层的三个程序： A.硬金属缺口（梳）计 B.带专用粉末探头的电子涂层测量仪器 C.非接触式超声波仪器 金属缺口计。这仪器通过手拖过涂覆的粉末手动地测量厚度。与湿膜测厚仪的工作原理类似，仪器确定的粉末高度值是在做有一个记号的、并且有粉末粘附在上面的较高编号的齿和没有留记号的、没有粉末粘附在上面的第二高的齿之间的高度。这些简单的工具便宜，但只能准确到几密尔。测量能够在一个合适的刚性底材进行，但记号将会在当粉末在固化过程中流动时没有被覆盖的粉末中标记。 电子测量仪。使用专用的粉末探头仪器能够测量涂覆的粉末厚度。内置在探头的微针穿透粉末涂层到底材上。然后将探头手动压在粉末层的表面实现厚度测量。这种方法仅适用于平坦的金属底材并且可能会在较终产品留下痕迹。 上述两种方法仅用于未固化的粉末涂层的高度测量。但如前所述，大部分厚度说明经常是指已固化的粉末厚度。由于粉末涂料通常在固化过程中在厚度减少高达50％，这两个步骤需要为每个特定的涂层粉末建立缩减因子来预测的固化膜厚度。减少因子的确定是通过在已经测量的未固化粉末高度的同一位置测量固化粉末涂层的厚度，然后测量前后两者相减获得。 非接触式超声波仪表。ASTM D 7378的方法C描述了一种相对新型的仪器，这种仪器已迅速成为干粉厚度测量一个流行的解决方案。它是一个超声波仪器能够非破坏性在未固化的粉末上测量来预测较终的DFT值，并且不会留下任何影响成品的痕迹。 这些仪器是手持式和电池供电的，对于大多数粉末是开箱即可用。他们的操作简单和电子设计的特点使得其能够被线路操作者快速且有效地使用。 非接触是涂层厚度测量仪具有无损的决定性优势。这意味着，测量之后，测量的组件可以重新引入到正在进行的进程中。 五、膜厚度测量的准确度 这些仪器都是操作简单的，一个谨慎的用户应该定期验证他们的操作，尤其是当符合国际ISO标准规定程序。这三个步骤确保较佳的精度值。 1、校准 涂层测厚仪的校准通常是有设备制造商在受控环境中进行的一个文件化过程。校准证书显示可朔源到一个国家计量机构就可被发布。重新校准没有标准的时间间隔，也不是一个的要求，但可以在经验和工作环境的基础上建立一个标准的时间间隔。为期1年的校准间隔是许多仪器制造商提出了一个典型的频率。 2、验证 这是一个用户与已知的参考标准进行的准确检查。这个快速的检查能够确保仪器正常测量和用户正确操作它。对于许多测量仪，精度可以通过测量带有可追溯到国家计量机构的分配值的塑料垫片或环氧树脂涂层标准进行验证。 3、调整 调整，或校准调整，是校对测量仪的厚度读数以匹配已知的参考样品，为提高测量仪在其测量范围的特定部分内的一个特定的涂层的准确度的行为。此操作在粉末涂料工业很少需要的，因为在粉末涂层材料中的声学特性变化不大。 六、涂层质量控制 在当今竞争激烈的环境中，客户往往会选择具有坚实的质量控制系统的加工公司。通过在一个有记录和分析DFT结果的简单系统投资，粉末涂布者可以研究趋势，减少成本，并提供客户体现他们能够满足要求的参数的实力资料来留住客户。 一个质量保证（QA）程序是指开发一个简单的程序，要求在每一部分的相同位置进行一定数量的厚度测量。通过记录所有的数值，然后定期进行变化分析，并且采取必要的纠正措施。 通过笔和纸手动收集数据不仅耗时且容易出错，而且会对涂料项目增加显著成本。具有测量结果存储功能的测厚仪消除了这种风险。自动化采集读数的功能是保持成本在控制范围，减少人为错误的较好方法。在数字格式，数据可容易地存储，报告，和输出。

碳素钢、低合金钢结构管   热轧无缝钢管产品名称   热轧无缝钢管交货状态   热轧无缝钢管用途 热轧无缝钢管生产单位热轧炭素钢、底合金钢结构管 热轧 适应于一般结构、机械结构件 天津无缝钢管厂、衡管、冶钢、鞍钢、上一、合钢、通钢、本钢、西宁钢厂、长特、成无、安钢、包钢、热轧管件用管 热轧 用于管件和其他用途 包钢热轧结构管 热轧 制造各种较高要求的管道、容器、设备及其他结构件 宝钢热轧一般结构炭素钢管 热轧 用于各种结构件及其他结构件 成都无缝热轧机械结构用炭素钢管 热轧 用于机械、汽车、家具及其他机械零件 成都无缝2、 热轧合金钢结构管热轧合金钢结构管 热轧或热处理 适用于一般结构、机械结构件 冶钢、衡管、鞍钢、上一、本钢西宁钢厂、成无、天津钢管公司热挤压合金结构管 热挤压或热处理 一般结构和机械结构用管 长特热扩合金钢结构管 热轧 用于结构件 成无热轧结构管 热轧 用于一般结构、机械结构件 天津钢管公司热轧结构用合金钢管 热轧 用于机械、汽车及其他零件 成无3、热轧流体管热轧流体管 热轧 适用于输送一般流体 天津钢管公司、冶钢、衡管、鞍钢、上一、合钢、通钢、西宁钢厂、成无、安钢、包钢、、热轧配管用炭素钢管 热轧 用于压力较底的蒸汽、水、油、煤气等配管 成无热轧管 热轧 用于非镀锌和热镀锌钢管 成无4、热轧低中压锅炉管热轧低中压锅炉管 热轧 制造各种结构低中压锅炉过热蒸汽管、沸水管及机车锅炉用过热蒸汽管、大烟管、小烟管和拱砖管 衡管、冶钢、上一、鞍钢、通钢、西宁钢厂、成无、天津无缝、包钢、热轧低中压锅炉管 热轧或热处理 制造各类锅炉（电站、工业、生活等用锅炉 宝钢热轧压力配管用碳钢管 热轧 用于温度低于350度所使用的压力配管 成无5、热轧高压锅炉管热轧高压锅炉管 热轧或热处理 高压及其以上压力水管锅炉受热面用管 冶钢、上一、鞍钢、成无、天津钢管、包钢、热轧高压锅炉管 热处理 制造蒸汽电站锅炉、蒸汽管道或压力容器 宝钢、天津钢管热轧高温用碳钢管 热处理 高温用碳钢管 成无热轧锅炉热交换器用碳钢管 热处理 用于钢管内外进行热传导为目的的管道 成无6、热轧石油油管热轧石油油管 车螺纹带接箍 油井抽油用钢管 宝钢、鞍钢热轧石油套管 热轧、调质、热处理、车螺纹带接箍、水淬＋回火、油淬＋回火、在线常化 油井固井用钢管 宝钢、成无、天津钢管、包钢热轧石油钻杆成品（对焊工具接头后） 正火或调质 油井钻井用钢管 宝钢、热轧石油管线管 热轧 制造石油和天然气输送用管线 宝钢热轧石油管线管 热轧或热处理 用于石油输送管 成无热轧石油管线管 热轧或热处理、在线常化、常化＋回火、淬火＋回火 用于输送石油、天然气和矿浆 天津钢管7、热轧船管热轧船管 热轧 适用于制造船舶用I级、II级耐压管系、锅炉及过热器 鞍钢、上一热轧船管 热轧 船舶用低中压锅炉管、过热器管、耐压管 成无热轧（扩）船管 热轧 用于耐压及低中压锅炉 成无8、热轧地质管热轧地质管 热轧或热处理 用于地质钻探岩心管和套管 天津钢管、上一、鞍钢、西宁钢厂、宝钢、成无9、热轧汽车半轴套管热轧汽车半轴套管 热轧或热处理 制造汽车半轴套管及驱动桥桥壳轴管 鞍钢、上一、冶钢、衡管、西宁钢厂、10、热轧化肥设备用管热轧化肥设备用管 热轧或热处理 适用于制造化工设备和管道 鞍钢、冶钢、西宁钢厂、成无、11、热轧石油裂化管热轧石油裂化管 热轧或热处理 适用于炼炉管、热交换器管和管道用管 冶钢、鞍钢、西宁钢厂、成无、天津钢管、12、热轧轴承管热轧轴承管 热轧 用于制造普通滚动轴承套管 冶钢13、热轧顶杆用管热轧顶杆用管 热轧或热处理 制造拔管机顶杆 鞍钢14、热轧芯棒用管热轧芯棒用管 热轧 制作各种芯棒 衡管15、热轧液压支架用管热轧液压支架用管 热轧、热处理 制造液压支架、立柱或其他液压件 衡管、上一、天津钢管、成无、包钢热轧液压支架用管 调质处理 用于煤矿支护、液压件、机械结构等 天津钢管16、热轧液压和结构用管热轧液压和结构用管 热轧和热处理 用于液压件和机械加工件 成无17、热轧抗海水腐蚀管热轧抗海水腐蚀管 热轧或热扩 适用于各种海上输送管道、结构件和电站用管等 成无18、热轧石油套管结晶机用管热轧石油套管结晶机用管 控制终轧温度 主要用于45度结晶器 成无19、热轧汽缸套用钢管热轧汽缸套用钢管 退火 用于柴油机汽缸套及其他结构件 成无20、热轧抽油杆用管热轧抽油杆用管 热轧或热处理 用于油田抽油设备 天津钢管21、热轧高压气瓶用管热轧高压气瓶用管 热轧或热处理 用于制造高压气瓶 包钢、成无22、热轧不锈钢管热轧不锈钢管 热轧、热处理 用于化工、石油、轻工、食品、机械仪表等工业耐热容器、输送管道及机械结构件 成无、西宁钢厂、热挤压不锈钢管 热挤压、固溶或酸洗 用于化工、石油、轻工、食品、机械仪表等工业耐热容器、输送管道及机械结构件 长特热轧无缝钢管

家电用热轧硅钢薄板（GBH46002-90）  　　家电用热轧硅钢薄板的牌号以J（家）D（电）R（热轧）表示，即JDR。JDR后数字为铁损值*100，横线后数字为钢板厚度(mm)*100。家电用热轧硅钢片对电磁性能要求可稍低一点，铁损值（P15/50）最低值为5.40W/kg。一般不经配洗交货。  　　用于各种电风扇、洗衣机、吸尘器、抽油烟机等家用电器的微分电机等。

碳素钢、低合金钢结构管   热轧（扩）无缝钢管产品名称   热轧（扩）无缝钢管交货状态   热轧（扩）无缝钢管主要用途  热轧（扩）无缝钢管主要生产单位热轧炭素钢、底合金钢结构管 热轧 适应于一般结构、机械结构件 天津无缝钢管厂、衡管、冶钢、鞍钢、上一、合钢、通钢、本钢、西宁钢厂、长特、成无、安钢、包钢、热轧管件用管 热轧 用于管件和其他用途 包钢热轧结构管 热轧 制造各种较高要求的管道、容器、设备及其他结构件 宝钢热轧一般结构炭素钢管 热轧 用于各种结构件及其他结构件 成都无缝热轧机械结构用炭素钢管 热轧 用于机械、汽车、家具及其他机械零件 成都无缝2、 热轧合金钢结构管热轧合金钢结构管 热轧或热处理 适用于一般结构、机械结构件 冶钢、衡管、鞍钢、上一、本钢西宁钢厂、成无、天津钢管公司热挤压合金结构管 热挤压或热处理 一般结构和机械结构用管 长特热扩合金钢结构管 热轧 用于结构件 成无热轧结构管 热轧 用于一般结构、机械结构件 天津钢管公司热轧结构用合金钢管 热轧 用于机械、汽车及其他零件 成无3、热轧流体管热轧流体管 热轧 适用于输送一般流体 天津钢管公司、冶钢、衡管、鞍钢、上一、合钢、通钢、西宁钢厂、成无、安钢、包钢、、热轧配管用炭素钢管 热轧 用于压力较底的蒸汽、水、油、煤气等配管 成无热轧管 热轧 用于非镀锌和热镀锌钢管 成无4、热轧低中压锅炉管热轧低中压锅炉管 热轧 制造各种结构低中压锅炉过热蒸汽管、沸水管及机车锅炉用过热蒸汽管、大烟管、小烟管和拱砖管 衡管、冶钢、上一、鞍钢、通钢、西宁钢厂、成无、天津无缝、包钢、热轧低中压锅炉管 热轧或热处理 制造各类锅炉（电站、工业、生活等用锅炉 宝钢热轧压力配管用碳钢管 热轧 用于温度低于350度所使用的压力配管 成无5、热轧高压锅炉管热轧高压锅炉管 热轧或热处理 高压及其以上压力水管锅炉受热面用管 冶钢、上一、鞍钢、成无、天津钢管、包钢、热轧高压锅炉管 热处理 制造蒸汽电站锅炉、蒸汽管道或压力容器 宝钢、天津钢管热轧高温用碳钢管 热处理 高温用碳钢管 成无热轧锅炉热交换器用碳钢管 热处理 用于钢管内外进行热传导为目的的管道 成无6、热轧石油油管热轧石油油管 车螺纹带接箍 油井抽油用钢管 宝钢、鞍钢热轧石油套管 热轧、调质、热处理、车螺纹带接箍、水淬＋回火、油淬＋回火、在线常化 油井固井用钢管 宝钢、成无、天津钢管、包钢热轧石油钻杆成品（对焊工具接头后） 正火或调质 油井钻井用钢管 宝钢、热轧石油管线管 热轧 制造石油和天然气输送用管线 宝钢热轧石油管线管 热轧或热处理 用于石油输送管 成无热轧石油管线管 热轧或热处理、在线常化、常化＋回火、淬火＋回火 用于输送石油、天然气和矿浆 天津钢管7、热轧船管热轧船管 热轧 适用于制造船舶用I级、II级耐压管系、锅炉及过热器 鞍钢、上一热轧船管 热轧 船舶用低中压锅炉管、过热器管、耐压管 成无热轧（扩）船管 热轧 用于耐压及低中压锅炉 成无8、热轧地质管热轧地质管 热轧或热处理 用于地质钻探岩心管和套管 天津钢管、上一、鞍钢、西宁钢厂、宝钢、成无9、热轧汽车半轴套管热轧汽车半轴套管 热轧或热处理 制造汽车半轴套管及驱动桥桥壳轴管 鞍钢、上一、冶钢、衡管、西宁钢厂、10、热轧化肥设备用管热轧化肥设备用管 热轧或热处理 适用于制造化工设备和管道 鞍钢、冶钢、西宁钢厂、成无、11、热轧石油裂化管热轧石油裂化管 热轧或热处理 适用于炼炉管、热交换器管和管道用管 冶钢、鞍钢、西宁钢厂、成无、天津钢管、12、热轧轴承管热轧轴承管 热轧 用于制造普通滚动轴承套管 冶钢13、热轧顶杆用管热轧顶杆用管 热轧或热处理 制造拔管机顶杆 鞍钢14、热轧芯棒用管热轧芯棒用管 热轧 制作各种芯棒 衡管15、热轧液压支架用管热轧液压支架用管 热轧、热处理 制造液压支架、立柱或其他液压件 衡管、上一、天津钢管、成无、包钢热轧液压支架用管 调质处理 用于煤矿支护、液压件、机械结构等 天津钢管16、热轧液压和结构用管热轧液压和结构用管 热轧和热处理 用于液压件和机械加工件 成无17、热轧抗海水腐蚀管热轧抗海水腐蚀管 热轧或热扩 适用于各种海上输送管道、结构件和电站用管等 成无18、热轧石油套管结晶机用管热轧石油套管结晶机用管 控制终轧温度 主要用于45度结晶器 成无19、热轧汽缸套用钢管热轧汽缸套用钢管 退火 用于柴油机汽缸套及其他结构件 成无20、热轧抽油杆用管热轧抽油杆用管 热轧或热处理 用于油田抽油设备 天津钢管21、热轧高压气瓶用管热轧高压气瓶用管 热轧或热处理 用于制造高压气瓶 包钢、成无22、热轧不锈钢管热轧不锈钢管 热轧、热处理 用于化工、石油、轻工、食品、机械仪表等工业耐热容器、输送管道及机械结构件 成无、西宁钢厂、热挤压不锈钢管 热挤压、固溶或酸洗 用于化工、石油、轻工、食品、机械仪表等工业耐热容器、输送管道及机械结构件 长特

1.型材的挂料方法　　型材在上排时没有考虑主动喷的方位和喷的往复举动轨道，或许没有考虑型材的断面是否杂乱等状况。在进行喷涂时，喷无法全面、合格的对型材的装修面进行喷涂，构成装修面漆膜厚度的不均匀、不合格。在挂型材时，应依据型材的断面状况、型材的巨细，合理的挑选型材的悬挂方向和密度。　　2.挂具的导电状况　　因为挂具的长期运用，表面必定会被漆膜掩盖，在运用时挂具上的漆膜应选用打磨、击打、焚烧等方法去除去。假如未进行处理而运用，就会使型材与挂具之间接触不良，而导致型材与挂具间导电不良，构成型材不带电或部分带电。　　而由喷喷出的氟碳漆带有负电荷，型材上带有少数或不带正电荷，致使氟碳漆经过型材时，无法吸附、堆积到型材上。型材上没有堆集较多的氟碳漆，就会构成漆膜的厚度不合格乃至露底。　　3.氟碳漆带电量　　静电发生器经过喷口的电极针向工件方向开释高压静电（负极），该高压静电使从喷喷出的氟碳漆和压缩空气的混合物以及电极周围空气电离（带负电荷）。型材经过挂具经过输送链接地，构成正极。这样就在喷和工件之间构成一个电场，氟碳漆在电场力和压缩空气压力的两层推进作用下到达工件表面，依托静电吸附在工件表面构成一层均匀接连的涂层。　　氟碳漆的带电量多少影响着氟碳漆与型材间吸引力的巨细，决议了氟碳漆是否能在型材上集合必定的数量，决议了漆膜的厚度。　　在出产中，因为的喷的长期的运用，电极针会相应的磨损，在出产中应对喷进行整理和依据实际状况替换电极针。当电极针长度小于4mm或曲折，电阻大于17兆欧，静电的传递功率变差，需及时替换电极针。　　假如没有及时的替换电极针，会使喷前方构成的电场才能削弱，氟碳漆的带电量削减，氟碳漆与型材之间的吸引力减小，致使氟碳漆无法堆积、吸附到型材表面，构成膜厚的不合格。　　4.输送链跋涉速度与喷出漆量合作不适宜　　出产中，输送链的行走速度遭到固化时刻、固化温度等要素的影响。当输送链速度必守时，为了确保合格的漆膜厚度，就要恰当的调整喷的出漆量。将输送链的速度与喷出漆量调合作适也是操控膜厚的一大要素。　　为了使齿轮泵可以到达必定的出漆量，在出产中应坚持齿轮泵的作业杰出、以及泵体内部的清洁，以确保出漆量和出漆的安稳。所以在出产中应每次出产完毕后要对齿轮泵进行清洗。　　5.雾化气压和扇形气压的压力是否适宜　　雾化作用直接影响型材上氟碳漆的散布，然后影响型材的外观目视作用。雾化气压的巨细影响了氟碳漆的雾化程度，扇形气压的巨细影响着能被氟碳漆雾掩盖的型材的宽度。两种压力的巨细应与输送链的速度、距相和谐，不然简单呈现膜厚不平等质量问题。　　空气帽的首要作用是将涂料雾化，并构成所要求的喷雾图形及作用。喷上的空气帽和喷嘴，应在每次完毕喷涂时进行清洗，查看雾化作用以及是否有损害，假如有缺点应及时地进行替换。　　空气帽和氟碳漆喷嘴的替换周期为：普通氟碳漆的更滑周期为1200个氟碳漆作业小时，金属氟碳漆的替换周期为600个氟碳漆作业小时。该数据为理论的作业时刻，出产中应依据实际状况，灵敏地把握替换频率。

一、前言：铅黄铜板做为特殊的Cu-Zn-Pb三元组合黄铜加工材，由于其较一般普通黄铜易切削、易机械加工、且耐腐蚀性，耐磨性能较高，因此，用途较为广泛。主要应用于：钟表制造、鞋业制造，机械零件制造及汽车零配件制造等行业。但由于铅黄铜的特殊组元，其热加工性能较差，经常遇到的问题是热轧过程中，板坯表面时常会出现开裂现象。严重地影响了铅黄铜板的生产，本文根据我们多年的生产实践，对铅黄铜热轧开裂原因做一分析，供同行参考。二、经常使用的铅黄铜板的牌号及成份2.1、生产中，经常遇到的铅黄铜板有以下几个牌号：1、Hpb59-1(GB) 2、C37700(AsTM)3、C3771(JIS)2.2、铅黄铜主要生产牌号的化学成份三、热轧铅黄铜工艺(板式法生产)3.1 锭坯尺寸：60(厚)×360(宽)×900(长)3.2 热轧成品尺寸：6(厚)×600(宽)×5400(长)3.3 锭坯加热及轧制设备：3.3.1 锭坯加热设备：步进式柴油加热炉。1.5m(高)×3m(宽)×25m(长)3.3.2热轧设备：Ф450×860二辊非可逆式热轧机3.4热轧工艺四、生产中常见的铅黄铜轧制裂纹类型4.1 生产中常见的热轧板坯裂纹的类型实际生产中，铅黄铜热轧裂纹主要有以下两种：1、板坯边部裂纹。2、板坯碎裂。4.2热轧板坯裂纹图示：五、铅黄铜阀体开裂原因分析HPb59-1铅黄铜热锻产品在后期加工过程中出现大量开裂现象,采用金相及电子探针分析方法对HPb59-1铅黄铜阀体开裂原因进行分析。结果发现:铅黄铜阀体材质铅含量较高,显微组织分布不均匀,晶粒粗大;断口表面除含有大量富Pb的腐蚀产物外,还存在明显的高Pb和S元素的富集区.表明,热锻造过程中操作不当,退火不充分及腐蚀介质的存在,从而造成阀体的应力腐蚀开裂.。

日常生产中，阳极氧化膜厚度的增长是随着氧化时间的延长而逐渐增厚的，其膜层的增长能力在恒定电流密度下是基本不变的，但硫酸溶液对氧化膜的溶解能力在逐渐提高，这一现象与膜孔中的酸液温度逐渐升高有关的。当酸液对氧化膜的溶解速度达到膜的生成速度时，氧化膜的厚度就不再增长，此时的厚度将为极限氧化膜厚度。   极限氧化膜厚度的大小与氧化的工艺条件和制件的合金成分有着十分密切的关系，在采取较小的电流密度和较高硫酸浓度，较高槽液温度条件下，此时所获得的极限氧化膜厚度相对较薄。   为提高氧化膜的极限厚度，在允许范围条件下，应适当提高电流密度并降低硫酸浓度和槽液温度。