冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板，俗称冷板。　　冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。 　　一般来说，冷轧钢板分为三代产品：沸腾钢为第一代，铝镇静钢为第二代，无间隙原子刚（IF钢）为第三代。   您查询的关键词是：冷轧钢板  。如果打开速度慢，可以尝试快速版；如果想保存快照，可以添加到搜藏。 "冷轧钢板""2,冷轧钢板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.56",,"2.5","6000x1200 7000x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","22.25""0.45",,"4.01",,"2.75",,"24.48""0.5",,"4.45",,"3.0",,"26.70""0.6",,"5.34",,"3.5",,"31.50""0.7",,"6.23",,"4.0",,"35.60""0.8",,"7.12",,"4.5",,"40.05""0.9",,"8.01",,"5.0",,"44.50""1.0",,"8.90",,"5.5",,"48.95""1.1",,"9.79",,"6.0",,"53.40""1.2",,"10.68",,"6.5",,"57.85""1.35",,"12.02",,"7.0",,"62.30""1.5",,"13.35",,"7.5",,"66.75""1.65",,"14.60",,"8.0",,"71.20""1.8",,"16.02",,"9.0",,"80.10""2.0",,"17.80",,"10.0",,"89.00""2.25",,"20.03""冷轧铜条""2,冷轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.20","200~400","500~800","1.78",,"2.50","200~500","500~2000","22.25""0.25",,,"2.23",,"2.75",,,"24.48""0.30",,,"2.67",,"3.00",,"1000~2000","26.70""0.35",,,"3.12",,"3.50",,,"31.15""0.40","200~500","500~2000","3.56",,"4.00",,,"35.60""0.45",,,"4.01",,"4.50",,,"40.05""0.50",,,"4.45",,"5.00",,,"44.50""0.60",,,"5.34",,"5.50",,,"48.95""0.70",,,"6.23",,"6.00",,,"53.40""0.80",,,"7.12",,"6.50",,,"57.85""0.90",,,"8.01",,"7.00",,,"62.30""1.00",,,"8.90",,"8.00",,,"71.20""1.20",,,"10.68",,"9.00",,,"80.10""1.30",,,"11.57",,"10.00",,,"89.00""1.40",,,"12.46",,"11.00",,,"97.90""1.50",,,"13.35",,"12.00",,,"106.8""1.60",,,"14.69",,"13.00",,,"115.7""1.80",,,"16.02",,"14.00",,,"124.6""2.00",,,"17.80",,"15.00",,,"133.5""注 铜板和条(热轧,冷轧)的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4和TU和TUP,其化学成分应符合YB145-71规定""特殊用冷轧黄铜条""3,特殊用冷轧黄铜条(YB555-65)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)""0.20","200~300","500~1000","1.76",,"1.6","200~500","500~2000","14.08""0.25",,,"2.20",,"1.8",,,"15.84""0.30","200~400",,"2.64",,"2.0",,,"17.60""0.35",,,"3.08",,"2.5",,,"22.00""0.40","200~500",,"3.52",,"2.75",,,"24.20""0.45",,,"3.96",,"3.0",,,"26.40""0.50",,"500~2000","4.40",,"3.5",,,"30.80""0.55",,,"4.84",,"4.0",,,"35.20""0.60",,,"5.28",,"4.5",,,"39.60""0.70",,,"6.16",,"5.0",,,"44.00""0.80",,,"7.04",,"5.5",,,"48.40""0.90",,,"7.92",,"6.0",,,"52.80""1.0",,,"8.8",,"6.5",,,"57.20""1.2",,,"10.56",,"7.0",,,"61.60""1.3",,,"11.44",,"8.0",,,"70.40""1.4",,,"12.32",,"9.0",,,"79.20""1.5",,,"13.20",,"10.0",,,"88.00""注 (1)标记举例:用H80制成的,厚度为0.8mm,宽度为300mm,长度为1000mm的1/2硬条标记为:"" 条H80-Y20.8x300x1000YB555-65."" (2)冷轧条分为定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.""多面体的体积和表面积""多面体的体积和表面积""图形",,"尺寸符号",,"重心(G)""立方体",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方体∧棱柱∨",,,,"G0=h/2""三棱柱",,,,"Go=h/2""棱锥",,,,"Go=h/4""棱台""圆柱和空心圆柱∧管∨",,,,"Go=h/2""斜线直圆柱""直圆锥",,,,"Go=h/4""圆台""球",,,,"在球心上""球扇形∧球楔∨",,,,"Go=3/4(r-h/2)""球缺",,,,"Go=3(2r-h)2/4(3r-h)""圆环体∧胎∨",,,,"在环中心上""球带体",,,,"Go=h1+h/2""桶形",,,,"在轴交点上""椭球体",," a,b,c-半轴",,"在轴交点上""交叉圆柱体",,,,"在二轴交点上""梯形体""常用图形求面积,体积公式""常用图形求面积,体积公式""图形",,"尺寸符号","面积(F) 表面积(S)","重心(G)""正方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""三角形",,,,"GB=1/3BD CD=DA""平行四边形",,,,"对角线交点上""任意四边形""正多边形",,,,"在o点上""菱形",,,,"在对角线交点上""梯形""圆形",,,,"在圆心上""椭圆形",,"a·b-主轴","F= (π/4) a·b","在主轴交点G上""扇形""弓形""圆环",,,,"在圆心O""部分圆环""新月形",,,,"O1G=(π-P)L/2P","L d/10","2d/10 3d/10 4d/10","5d/10 6d/10 7d/10 ","8d/10 9d/10","P 0.40","0.79 1.18 1.56","1.91 2.25 2.55","2.81 3.02""抛物线形""等多边形",,," "," 在内,外接圆心处""冷轧黄钢板""4,冷轧黄钢板(YB460-71)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)""0.20","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","1.70",,"2.00","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","17.00""0.25",,"2.13",,"2.25",,"19.13""0.30",,"2.55",,"2.50",,"21.25""0.35",,"2.98",,"2.75",,"23.38""0.40",,"3.40",,"3.00",,"25.50""0.45",,"3.82",,"3.50",,"29.75""0.50",,"4.25",,"4.00",,"34.00""0.60",,"5.10",,"4.50",,"38.20""0.70",,"5.95",,"5.00",,"42.50""0.80",,"6.80",,"5.50",,"46.75""0.90",,"7.65",,"6.00",,"51.00""1.00",,"8.50",,"6.50",,"55.25""1.10",,"9.35",,"7.00",,"59.50""1.20",,"10.20",,"7.50",,"63.75""1.35",,"11.48",,"8.00",,"68.00""1.50",,"12.75",,"9.00",,"76.50""1.65",,"14.03",,"10.00",,"85.00""1.80",,"15.30""注 (1)冷轧软板仅供应H59,H62,H68,H80,H90,H96,HMn58-2,HPb59-1牌号.""(2)冷轧1/2硬板仅供应H62,H65,H68,H90,HMn58-2牌号.""(3)冷轧特硬板仅供应H62牌号.""(4)冷轧板材长度分为:定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.其通常长度为500~2000mm,但长度不得小于宽度.""特殊用冷轧黄钢板""5,特殊用冷轧黄钢板(YB555-65)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.52",,"2.25","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","19.60""0.45",,"3.96",,"2.50",,"22.00""0.50",,"4.40",,"2.75",,"24.20""0.55",,"4.84",,"3.0",,"26.40""0.60",,"5.28",,"3.5",,"30.80""0.70",,"6.16",,"4.0",,"35.20""0.80",,"7.04",,"4.5",,"39.60""0.90",,"7.92",,"5.0",,"44.00""1.0",,"8.80",,"5.5",,"48.40""1.1",,"9.68",,"6.0",,"52.80""1.2",,"10.56",,"6.5",,"57.20""1.35",,"11.88",,"7.0",,"61.60""1.5",,"13.20",,"7.5",,"66.60""1.65",,"14.52",,"8.0",,"70.40""1.8",,"15.84",,"9.0",,"79.20""2.0",,"17.60",,"10.0",,"88.00""注 标记举例:用H90制成的,厚度为2.5mm,宽度为600mm,长度为1200mm的软板标记为:"" 板H90M2.5x600x1200xYB555-65.""铝及铝合金板""6,铝及铝合金板""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)"0.5,"1.40",,"2.5","7.00",,"9.0","25.2",,"25","70.0"0.6,"1.68",,"3.0","8.40",,"10.0","28.0",,"30","84.0"0.8,"2.24",,"3.5","9.80",,"12.0","33.6",,"35","98.0""1.0","2.80",,"4.0","11.20",,"14.0","39.2",,"40","112.0""1.2","3.36",,"5.0","14.00",,"16.0","44.8",,"50","140.0""1.5","4.20",,"6.0","16.80",,"18.0","50.4",,"60","168.0""1.8","5.04",,"7.0","19.60",,"20.0","56.0",,"70","196.0""2.0","5.60",,"8.0","22.40",,"22.0","61.6",,"80","224.0""注 (1)板的宽度有1000,1200和500mm;板的长度有2000,3000和4000mm."" (2)理论重量按LY11,LY12和LD10等牌号铝合金的比重2.8计算,对于其他牌号的铝合金和工业纯铝,应乘以"" 下列换算系数:LD2-0.961;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975;LC4-1.018;工业纯铝-0.967.""铅板""7,铅板(GB1470-79)""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)""1.0","11.37",,"3.0","34.11",,"5.0","56.85",,"9.0","102.33""1.5","17.06",,"3.5","39.80",,"6.0","68.22",,"10.0","113.70""2.0","22.74",,"4.0","45.48",,"7.0","79.59",,"12.0","136.44""2.5","28.43",,"4.5","51.17",,"8.0","90.96",,"16.0","170.55""注 (1)铅的化学成分按GB469-64标准."" (2)板材理论重量按比重为11.34计算,宽度按500mm进张."" (3)板材成卷供应,厚度大于15mm的板材,以片状供应,厚度不大于1.5mm的板材,应用木箱包装.""纯铜带"",纯铜带(YB464-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.05","18~150","≥20","0.44",,"0.50","18~300","≥10","4.45""0.06",,,"0.53",,"0.55",,,"4.90""0.07",,,"0.62",,"0.60",,,"5.34""0.08",,,"0.71",,"0.65",,,"5.79""0.09",,,"0.80",,"0.70",,,"6.23""0.10","18~300",,"0.89",,"0.75",,,"6.68""0.12",,,"1.07",,"0.80",,,"7.12""0.15",,,"1.34",,"0.85",,,"7.57""0.18",,,"1.60",,"0.90",,,"8.01""0.20",,,"1.78",,"1.00",,,"8.90""0.22",,,"1.96",,"1.10",,,"9.79""0.25",,,"2.23",,"1.20",,"≥7","10.68""0.30",,,"2.67",,"1.30",,,"11.57""0.35",,,"3.12",,"14.40",,,"12.46""0.40",,,"3.56",,"1.50",,,"13.35""0.45",,,"4.01""注 纯铜带的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4,TUP,其化学成分符合YB145-71的规定.""铝带""9,铝带""宽 度 (mm)","厚 度 (mm)","3","4","5","6","8","10","12","重 量 (kg/m)""10","0.080","0.107","0.134 0.161 0.268 0.335 0.402 0.536 0.670 0.804 1.072 1.340 1.608","0.161","0.214","0.268","0.322""12","0.096","0.129",,"0.193","0.257","0.322","0.386""15","0.121","0.161",,"0.241","0.322","0.402","0.482""20","0.161","0.214",,"0.322","0.429","0.568","0.643""25","0.201","0.268",,"0.402","0.568","0.670","0.804""30","0.241","0.332",,"0.482","0.643","0.804","0.965""40","0.322","0.429",,"0.643","0.858","1.072","1.286""50","0.402","0.536",,"0.804","1.072","1.340","1.608""60","0.482","0.643",,"0.965","1.286","1.608","1.930""80","0.643","0.858",,"1.286","1.715","2.144","2.573""100","0.804","1.072",,"1.608","2.144","2.680","3.216""120","0.965","1.286",,"1.930","2.573","3.216","3.859""注 表中重量系以LY11,LY12,(比重2.8)为准,其他合金应乘以下列系数:"" L1~L6-0.967;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975.""热轧铜条""1,热轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""4.0","200~500","≥1000","35.60",,"8.0","200~500","≥1000","71.20""4.5",,,"40.05",,"9.0",,,"80.10""5.0",,,"44.05",,"10.0",,,"89.0""5.5",,,"48.95",,"11.0",,,"97.9""6.0",,,"53.40",,"12.0",,,"106.8""6.5",,,"57.85",,"13.0",,,"115.7""7.0",,,"62.30",,"14.0",,,"124.6""7.5",,,"66.75",,"15.0",,,"133.5""英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""(二)英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm""0","0.324","8.230",,"14","0.080","2.032",,"28","0.0148","0.376""1","0.300","7.020",,"15","0.072","1.829",,"29","0.0136","0.345""2","0.276","7.010",,"16","0.064","1.626",,"30","0.0124","0.315""3","0.252","6.401",,"17","0.056","1.422",,"31","0.0116","0.295""4","0.232","5.893",,"18","0.048","1.219",,"32","0.0108","0.274""5","0.212","5.385",,"19","0.040","1.016",,"33","0.0100","0.254""6","0.192","4.877",,"20","0.036","0.914",,"34","0.0092","0.234""7","0.176","4.470",,"21","0.032","0.813",,"35","0.0084","0.213""8","0.160","4.064",,"22","0.028","0.711",,"36","0.0076","0.193""9","0.144","3.658",,"23","0.024","0.610",,"37","0.0068","0.173""10","0.128","3.251",,"24","0.022","0.559",,"38","0.0060","0.152""11","0.116","2.946",,"25","0.020","0.508",,"39","0.0052","0.132"12,"0.104","2.642",,"26","0.018","0.457",,"40","0.0048","0.122"13,"0.092","2.337",,"27","0.0164","0.417",,"41","0.0044","0.112""刺钢丝""三)刺钢丝规格和重量""说 明 和 用 途",,"钢丝划号 (号)","刺间距离 (mm)","每kg长度 (m)","重量 (kg/km)""刺钢丝又名刺铁丝,俗称"花园铅丝"(因常作花园围墙篱笆之用,故名),系以镀锌钢丝经机器铰缠而成(一般用#12或#14钢丝制作).适于作各种围墙(尤其是公园围墙和临时建筑场地 的围墙)篱笆或障碍物用.",,"12","65","6.4","156",,,"75","7.2","139",,,"100","7.9","127",,,"125","8.6","116",,"14","65","10.9","91.8",,,"75","11.5","86.9",,,"100","13.0","76.9",,,"125","14.0","71.4""注 (1)刺钢丝规格的注写方法为"钢丝直径(号数)x尖数x刺间距离",或"钢丝直径(号数)x刺间距离"."" (2)表列刺钢丝的"每kg长度"和"重量",仅供参考.""刻痕钢丝""四)刻痕钢丝规格和重量""直径 (mm)","断面积 (mm2)","重量 (kg/m)"," 抗 拉 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,"屈 服 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,,"I组","II组","I组","II组""2.5","4.90","0.034","190","160","152","128""3","7.06","0.056","180","150","144","120""4","12.56","0.094","170","140","136","112""5","19.63","0.150","160","130","126","104""注 刻痕钢丝是由预应力混凝土结构用碳素钢丝(冷拔高强度钢丝)在经特制的"刻痕机"进行刻痕而制成的"" 预应力钢筋混凝土结构用的钢丝.""钢丝网""五)钢丝网规格和重量""号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)"20,"1.6","1.5",,"6","2.0","6.7",,"2.5","0.7","2.0",,"1","0.3","0.9","3.0","5.1",,"5.5","0.5","0.6",,"2.2","0.45","1.0",,,"0.35","1.2""18","1.6","1.7",,,"1.6","4.7",,,"0.6","1.6",,"0.9","0.25","0.7","3.0","5.7",,,"2.0","7.2",,,"0.8","2.9",,,"0.3","1.0""16","1.6","1.9",,"5","0.7","1.1",,"2","0.4","0.9",,,"0.4","1.6","3.0","6.3",,,"1.4","4.1",,,"0.5","1.3",,"0.8","0.22","0.6""14","1.4","1.7",,,"2.2","8.9",,,"0.6","1.9",,,"0.28","0.9","2.5","4.9",,"4.5","0.5","0.7",,,"1.2","6.0",,,"0.3","1.0""12","1.2","1.4",,,"1.0","2.3",,"1.8","0.4","0.9",,"0.7","0.2","0.6","2.5","5.7",,,"1.8","6.8",,,"0.5","1.4",,,"0.25","0.9""11","1.2","1.5",,"4","0.6","1.0",,,"0.7","2.6",,,"0.30","1.2","2.5","6.1",,,"1.0","2.6",,"1.6","0.3","0.6",,"0.63","0.22","0.7""10","1.0","1.2",,,"1.4","4.8",,,"0.4","1.0",,,"0.25","0.9","2.5","6.6",,"3.5","0.7","1.5",,,"0.45","1.3",,,"0.28","1.2""9","1.0","1.3",,,"1.0","2.9",,"1.4","0.30","0.7",,"0.56","0.22","0.8","2.2","5.7",,,"1.2","4.0",,,"0.35","0.9",,,"0.25","1.0""8","0.7","0.7",,"3.2","0.45","0.7",,,"0.65","2.7",,,"0.28","1.2","1.2","2.1",,,"0.9","2.7",,"1.2","0.28","0.7",,"0.5","0.22","0.9","1.8","4.5",,,"1.2","4.3",,,"0.35","1.0",,,"0.25","1.1""7","0.7","0.8",,"2.8","0.4","0.7",,,"0.4","1.3",,,"0.3","1.5","1.2","2.3",,,"0.7","1.8",,"1.1","0.28","0.7",,"0.45","0.2","0.8","1.8","5.0",,,"1.0","3.6",,,"0.35","1.1",,,"0.25","1.2""6","0.7","0.9",,"2.5","0.4","0.7",,,"0.40","1.4",,,"0.2","0.9","1.2","2.7",,,"0.5","1.1",,"1","0.25","0.7",,"0.4","0.25","1.3""钢板网""六)钢板网规格和重量""品 种","规 格 (mm)",,,,,,"每张大约重量(kg)","生产单位","丝梗厚度 h","孔眼宽度 T","丝梗宽度 b","节 距 t","网面宽度 B","网面长度 L""小","0.5","9","1","25","1800","600","0.875","上海中国钢板网厂",,,,,"2000",,"0.875","0.6","9","1","25","1800","600","1.000",,,,,"2000",,"1.125","0.7","9","1","25","1800","600","1.125",,,,,"2000",,"1.250""网","0.75","9","1","25","1800","600","1.250",,,,,"2000",,"1.375","0.8","9","1","25","1800","600","1.375",,,,,"2000",,"1.500","1","9","1","25","1500","600","1.625",,,,,"1800",,"1.875",,,,,"2000",,"2.125""大","0.5","7","1.2","2.5","1800","2800","5.85","上海中国钢板网厂","1","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","11.70",,"9","1.2","25","1500","3000","7.95",,,,,"1800","3600","11.70",,"9","1.1","25","2000","4000","14.76",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","11.70",,,,,"2000","4000","14.60","1.2","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","14.04",,"9","1.2","25","1800","3600","14.04",,,"1.1","25","2000","4000","17.71",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","14.04""网",,,,,"2000","4000","17.71","1.5","11","1.6","40","1800","3600","17.55",,"17","2.3","65","2000","4000","22.14","2","17","2.3","65","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"22","3.0","75","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"27","3.8","100","2000","4000","29.52","3","36","4.6","115","2000","4000","44.28",,"45","6.1","150""钢丝纱""七)钢丝纱(窗纱)规格和重量""规 格","面 积(m2/卷)","重 量",,"(kg/卷)","(kg/m2)""14目3x100","27.87","12.5","0.448""14目4x100","37.16","16.6","0.448""16目3x100",27.87,13.5,"0.484""16目4x100",37.16,"18.0","0.484""紫铜丝布""(八)紫铜丝布(紫铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","22","2.691",,"30","30","2.5116",,"65","36","1.9734""10","24","2.691",,"35","31","1.9734",,"70","36","1.9734""12","24","3.0498",,"40","32","1.9734",,"75","37","1.9734""16","26","2.1528",,"45","33","1.9734",,"80","37","1.9734""20","27","2.1528",,"50","34","1.9734",,"100","39","1.7940""24","30","2.1528",,"55","35","1.9734""28","30","2.3322",,"60","35","1.7940""黄铜丝布""(九)黄铜丝布(黄铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","24","1.5787",,"24","34","0.8611",,"50","38","0.6458""10","26","1.2375",,"26","34","0.8252",,"60","41","0.3947""12","27","1.2558",,"28","36","0.5386",,"70","42","0.3347""14","27","1.3276",,"30","36","0.5741",,"80","43","0.3767""16","32","0.6100",,"32","36","0.6100",,"90","43","0.4306""18","33","0.6100",,"34","36","0.6279",,"100","43","0.5023""20","33","0.7176",,"36","36","0.7176",,"110","44","0.3347""22","33","0.8611",,"40","36","0.4844",,"120","44","0.4485""铝及铝合金直角角型材""1,铝及铝合金直角角型材(XC111)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b"1,"12","1","0.234","0.065",,"25","25","1.3","0.734","0.204",,"49","38.3","5","3.590","0.998"2,"12","2","0.440","0.122",,"26","25","1.6","0.777","0.216",,"50","38.3","6.3","4.444","1.235"3,"12.5","1.6","0.377","0.105",,"27","25","2","0.964","0.268",,"51","40","2","1.564","0.435"4,"15","1","0.294","0.082",,"28","25","2.5","1.189","0.331",,"52","40","2.5","1.944","0.540"5,"15","1.2","0.353","0.098",,"29","25","3","1.410","0.392",,"53","40","3","2.320","0.645"6,"15","1.5","0.434","0.121",,"30","25","3.2","1.509","0.429",,"54","40","3.5","2.671","0.743"7,"15","2","0.564","0.157",,"31","25","3.5","1.641","0.456",,"55","40","3.5","2.694","0.749"8,"15","3","0.820","0.223",,"32","25","4","1.857","0.516",,"56","40","4","3.057","0.850"9,"16","1.6","0.429","0.119",,"33","25","5","2.242","0.623",,"57","40","5","3.750","1.043"10,"16","2.4","0.726","0.202",,"34","27","2","1.041","0.289",,"58","45","4","3.475","0.961"11,"18","1.5","0.524","0.146",,"35","27","2","1.090","0.303",,"59","45","5","4.277","1.189"12,"18","2","0.684","0.190",,"36","30","1.5","0.884","0.246",,"60","50","3","2.920","0.812"13,"19","1.6","0.585","0.163",,"37","30","2","1.164","0.324",,"61","50","4","3.857","1.072"14,"19","2.4","0.861","0.239",,"38","30","2.5","1.438","0.400",,"62","50","5","4.777","1.328"15,"19","3.2","1.125","0.313",,"39","30","3","1.720","0.478",,"63","50","6","5.655","1.572"16,"20","1","0.397","0.110",,"40","30","4","2.240","0.623",,"64","50","6.5","6.110","1.699"17,"20","1.2","0.473","0.131",,"41","32","2.4","1.491","0.415",,"65","50","12","10.600","2.947"18,"20","1.5","0.584","0.162",,"42","32","3.2","1.957","0.554",,"66","60","5","5.777","1.606"19,"20","2","0.764","0.212",,"43","32","3.5","2.131","0.592",,"67","60","6","6.855","1.906"20,"20","3","1.140","0.137",,"44","32","6.5","3.723","1.036",,"68","75","7","10.010","2.783"21,"20","4","1.475","0.410",,"45","35","3","2.005","0.557",,"69","75","8","11.360","3.158"22,"20.5","1.6","0.633","0.176",,"46","35","4","2.657","0.739",,"70","75","10","14.000","3.892"23,"23","2","0.680","0.245",,"47","38","2.4","1.773","0.498",,"71","90","5","8.750","2.433"24,"25","1.2","0.597","0.166",,"48","38.3","3.5","2.562","0.712",,"72","90","8","13.760","3.825""注 (1)铝及铝合金型材的尺寸,规格等摘自冶金工业部1970年颁发的《铝及铝镁合金挤压型材》."" (2)表内理论重量均按LY12合金比重(2.78)进行计算,其他材料的比重及换算系数如下:L1~L7(2.71)-0.975;"" LF2(2.68)-0.964;LF11(2.65)-0.953;LF21(2.73)-0.982;LD2(2.70)-0.971;"" LY11(2.80)-1.007;LY12(2.78)-1.000."" (3)铝型材主要生产单位有哈尔滨和西北铝加工厂等.西北铝加工厂的产品断面为100~400cm2,宽度小于530mm."" (4)铝及铝合金型材规格的表示方法是型材类别组号加序号,如XC111-4,其中,XC表示型材,后面的数字依次为"" 类别,组号,连字符后的数字为顺序号.""铝及铝合金直丁字型材""2,铝及铝合金直丁字型材(XC211)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"15","25","1","0.405","0.113",,"34","32","45","3","2.259","0.628"2,"19","50","2","1.378","0.383",,"35","32","48","2.4","1.874","0.521"3,"20","20","2","0.760","0.211",,"36","32","50","3","2.423","0.674"4,"20","30","1.5","0.740","0.206",,"37","35","32","1.5","1.000","0.278"5,"20","35","2","1.060","0.295",,"38","35","35","4","2.713","0.754"6,"20","37","2","1.117","0.311",,"39","35","40","2","1.468","0.408"7,"20","42","2","1.200","0.334",,"40","37","42","2","1.500","0.417"8,"20","42","2","1.240","0.345",,"41","38","44","5","3.910","1.087"9,"20","45","2","1.860","0.517",,"42","38","50","3.5","3.026","0.841"10,"20","90","2","2.160","0.600",,"43","38","50","4.8","3.990","1.109"11,"21","53","1.8","1.300","0.361",,"44","39","75","5","5.510","1.532"12,"22","48","1.4","1.960","0.267",,"45","40","36","5","3.350","0.933"13,"25","29","1.6","0.847","0.25",,"46","40","45","3","2.479","0.689"14,"25","35","1.5","0.890","0.247",,"47","40","45","4","3.274","0.910"15,"25","38","2.5","1.510","0.420",,"48","40","68","3","3.300","0.917"16,"25","40","2","1.280","0.356",,"49","40","130","6","9.840","2.736"17,"25","45","2.5","1.726","0.480",,"50","42","64","4","4.100","1.140"18,"25","45","3","2.019","0.561",,"51","45","40","2.2","1.860","0.517"19,"25","45","4","2.708","0.753",,"52","50","70","4","4.640","1.300"20,"25","48","1.4","1.012","0.288",,"53","51","51","2.4","2.443","0.679"21,"25","48","1.5","1.082","0.301",,"54","54","50","3","3.040","0.845"22,"25","50","2","1.499","0.417",,"55","54","68","3","3.608","1.003"23,"25","50","2.5","1.851","0.515",,"56","64","50","5","5.781","1.607"24,"26","38","2.5","1.554","0.432",,"57","63","50","2","2.320","0.645"25,"27","70","2","1.920","0.534",,"58","70","37","2","2.100","0.584"26,"29","38","1.6","1.055","0.293",,"59","70","55","2","2.460","0.684"27,"29","58","2.5","2.180","0.606",,"60","74","66","6","8.080","2.246"28,"29","58","3.5","2.991","0.831",,"61","75","40","3","3.400","0.945"29,"30","40","1.5","1.040","0.289",,"62","80","50","2","2.560","0.712"30,"30","40","2","1.370","0.381",,"63","80","60","3","4.110","1.143"31,"30","45","3","2.150","0.597",,"64","83","50","3","3.953","1.099"32,"30","56","4","3.280","0.912",,"65","90","77","10","15.700","4.365"33,"30","68","6.5","6.100","1.696""热轧铜板""1,热轧铜板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽 度 (mm)",,,,,,,,"理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)","600~900","1000~1200","1300~1500","1600~1800","1900~2200","2300~2500","2600~2800","2900~3000","最 大 长 度 (mm)""5.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"44.50""5.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"48.95""6.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"53.40""6.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"57.85""7.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"62.30""7.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"66.75""8.0","4000","5000","6000","5500","4800","4200","3700","3500","71.20""9.0","4000","5000","6000","5000","4200","3700","3300","3100","80.10""10.0","4000","5000","5500","4500","3800","3300","3000","3000","89.0""11.0","4000","5000","5000","4000","3400","3300","2800",,"97.9""12.0","4000","5000","4500","3800","3100","2800",,,"106.8""13.0","4000","5000","4000","3600","2900",,,,"115.7""14.0","4000","4500","3800","3300","2700",,,,"124.6""15.0","4500","4300","3600","3100","2500",,,,"133.5""16.0","4500","4300","3400","2000","2400",,,,"142.4""17.0","4500","4000","3200","2700","2200",,,,"151.3""18.0","4500","3900","3000","2600",,,,,"160.2""19.0","4500","3700","2800","2400",,,,,"169.1""20.0","4500","3500","2600","2300",,,,,"178.0""21.0","4000","3300","2500","2200",,,,,"186.9""22.0","4000","3000","2400","2100",,,,,"195.8""23.0","4000","3000","2400","2000",,,,,"204.7""24.0","3500","2800","2200","1900",,,,,"213.6""25.0","3500","2800","2000","1800",,,,,"222.5""注 热轧板的宽度按100mm进级.""铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材(XC511)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积 (mm2)","理论重量 (kg/m)","H","B","b"1,"23","38","1.2","1.178","0.327"2,"26","34.5","3.5","3.157","0.875"3,"57","48","8","11.000","3.058"4,"68","38","2.5","3.509","0.976"5,"86","60","6","11.600","3.225""铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材(XC411)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"12.7","15.9","1.6","0.688","0.191",,11,"38","25","3","2.613","0.726"2,"20","15","1.2","0.578","0.163",,12,"44","25","4","3.690","1.001"3,"20","15","1.5","0.721","0.200",,13,"50","19","2.5","2.102","0.584"4,"25","18","1.5","0.885","0.246",,14,"80","30","3","4.020","1.118"5,"25","23","3.5","2.267","0.630",,15,"80","35","4","5.680","1.579"6,"31","25","2.5","1.900","0.528",,16,"80","40","4","6.080","1.690"7,"32","14","1.9","1.000","0.303",,17,"100","30","3","4.620","1.284"8,"34","25","3.5","2.764","0.768",,18,"100","35","4","6.480","1.801"9,"36","26","2.5","2.075","0.577",,19,"100","40","4","6.880","1.913"10,"36","31.5","3.2","2.960","0.823""铝及铝合金槽形型材""3,铝及铝合金槽形型材(XC311)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"13","13","1.6","0.561","0.156",,"31","45","40","3","3.638","1.011"2,"13","34","3.5","2.579","0.717",,"32","46","25","5","4.300","1.195"3,"20","15","1.3","0.620","0.172",,"33","50","20","4","5.331","0.926"4,"21","28","4","2.868","0.797",,"34","50","30","2","2.120","0.589"5,"25","13","2.4","1.134","0.315",,"35","50","30","4","4.131","1.148"6,"25","15","1.5","0.795","0.221",,"36","55","25","5","4.819","1.340"7,"25","18","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"37","55","30","3","3.299","0.917"8,"25","18","2","1.140","0.317",,"38","60","25","4","4.131","1.148"9,"25","20","2.5","1.520","0.423",,"39","60","35","5","6.000","1.668"10,"25","20","4","2.280","0.634",,"40","60","40","4","4.480","1.245"11,"25","25","5","3.250","0.904",,"41","63","38.3","4.8","6.275","1.744"12,"30","15","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"42","64","38","4","5.300","1.473"13,"30","18","1.5","0.960","0.267",,"43","70","25","3","3.449","0.959"14,"30","20","2","1.335","0.371",,"44","70","25","5","5.500","1.529"15,"30","22","6","3.870","1.076",,"45","70","26","3.2","3.700","1.028"16,"32","25","1.8","1.437","0.399",,"46","70","30","4","4.931","1.371"17,"32","25","2.5","1.925","0.535",,"47","70","40","5","7.080","1.968"18,"35","20","2.5","1.770","0.492",,"48","75","45","5","7.831","2.177"19,"35","30","2","1.833","0.510",,"49","80","30","4.5","6.010","1.671"20,"38","50","5","6.560","1.824",,"50","80","35","4.5","6.414","1.783"21,"40","18","2","1.453","0.404",,"51","80","35","6","8.280","2.302"22,"40","18","2.5","1.795","0.499",,"52","80","40","4","6.131","1.704"23,"40","18","3","2.129","0.592",,"53","80","40","6","8.900","2.474"24,"40","21","4","2.960","0.823",,"54","80","60","4","7.480","2.079"25,"40","25","2","1.730","0.481",,"55","90","50","6","10.680","2.969"26,"40","25","3","2.549","0.709",,"56","100","40","6","10.080","2.802"27,"40","30","3.5","3.250","0.904",,"57","100","48","6.3","11.550","3.211"28,"40","32","3","2.978","0.828",,"58","100","50","5","9.580","2.663"29,"40","50","4","5.280","1.468",,"59","128","40","9","17.100","4.754"30,"45","20","3","2.370","0.659""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管1""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","0.25","0.30","0.40","0.50","0.60","0.80","1.0","1.2",1.4,"1.5",1.6,1.8,"2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""50",,,,,,,"1.21","1.44","1.68","1.79","1.91","2.14","2.37","2.59","2.93","3.25","3.48","3.70","4.01","4.54","5.05","5.55""(51)",,,,,,,"1.23","1.47","1.71","1.83","1.96","2.18","2.42","2.64","2.99","3.32","3.55","3.79","4.10","4.64","5.16","5.67""53",,,,,,,"1.28","1.53","1.78","1.91","2.03","2.27","2.52","2.76","3.11","3.46","3.70","3.94","4.27","4.83","5.38","5.92""(54)",,,,,,,"1.31","1.59","1.82","1.94","2.07","2.31","2.56","2.81","3.18","3.53","3.77","4.02","4.36","4.93","5.49","6.04""56",,,,,,,"1.36","1.62","1.89","2.02","2.15","2.40","2.66","2.92","3.30","3.66","3.92","4.17","4.53","5.13","5.71","6.29""(57)",,,,,,,"1.38","1.65","1.92","2.05","2.18","2.45","2.71","2.97","3.36","3.74","4.00","4.25","4.62","5.23","5.83","6.41""60",,,,,,,"1.46","1.74","2.02","2.16","2.31","2.58","2.86","3.13","3.55","3.94","4.22","4.49","4.88","5.52","6.16","6.78""63",,,,,,,"1.53","1.83","2.13","2.27","2.42","2.71","3.01","3.30","3.72","4.15","4.44","4.73","5.13","5.81","6.49","7.14""65",,,,,,,"1.58","1.89","2.20","2.35","2.50","2.80","3.11","3.40","3.85","4.29","4.59","4.89","5.31","6.02","6.71","7.40""(68)",,,,,,,"1.65","1.98","2.36","2.46","2.62","2.93","3.26","3.57","4.04","4.49","4.81","5.12","5.57","6.31","7.05","7.77""70",,,,,,,"1.70","2.03","2.37","2.53","2.70","3.02","3.35","3.68","4.16","4.36","4.96","5.23","5.74","6.51","7.27","8.01""(73)",,,,,,,"1.78","2.12","2.47","2.64","2.82","3.16","3.50","3.84","4.35","4.84","5.18","5.52","6.00","6.81","7.60","8.38""75",,,,,,,"1.82","2.18","2.54","2.71","2.90","3.24","3.60","3.95","4.46","4.97","5.32","5.68","6.17","7.00","7.82","8.62""(76)",,,,,,,"1.85","2.21","2.57","2.76","2.94","3.29","3.65","4.00","4.53","5.05","5.40","5.75","6.26","7.10","7.93","8.75""80",,,,,,,,,"2.71","2.90","3.09","3.47","3.84","4.22","4.77","5.32","5.69","6.07","6.60","7.49","8.37","9.24""(83)",,,,,,,,,"2.82","3.02","3.21","3.60","4.00","4.37","4.96","5.52","5.92","6.31","6.86","7.79","8.71","9.62""85",,,,,,,,,"2.88","3.08","3.29","3.69","4.09","4.48","5.08","5.66","6.06","6.46","7.04","7.98","8.93","9.83""(89)",,,,,,,,,"3.02","3.24","3.45","3.86","4.29","4.70","5.33","5.94","6.36","6.77","7.38","8.38","9.38","10.33""90",,,,,,,,,"3.05","3.27","3.49","3.91","4.34","4.76","5.39","6.01","6.43","6.86","7.47","8.47","9.49","10.47""95",,,,,,,,,"3.21","3.46","3.68","4.13","4.59","5.02","5.70","6.36","6.81","7.26","7.90","8.98","10.04","11.10"100,,,,,,,,,"3.40","3.64","3.88","4.35","4.83","5.30","6.00","6.70","7.17","7.65","8.32","9.46","10.59","11.70""(102)",,,,,,,,,"3.46","3.73","3.97","4.45","4.93","5.40","6.13","6.84","7.32","7.81","8.50","9.67","10.82","11.96""(108)",,,,,,,,,"3.67","3.95","4.21","4.72","5.23","5.74","6.50","7.25","7.77","8.29","9.02","10.26","11.49","12.70"110,,,,,,,,,"3.74","4.03","4.28","4.81","5.32","5.84","6.62","7.39","7.92","8.43","9.19","10.46","11.70","12.93"120,,,,,,,,,,"4.36","4.66","5.25","5.83","6.38","7.24","8.07","8.66","9.22","10.06","11.44","12.93","14.30"125,,,,,,,,,,,,"5.46","6.06","6.64","7.54","8.42","9.02","9.61","10.50","11.91","13.37","14.80"130,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"7.86","8.78","9.40","10.00","10.92","12.43","13.92","15.48""(133)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"8.05","8.98","9.59","10.25","11.18","12.75","14.26","15.75"140,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.11","10.79","11.80","13.42","15.05","16.65"150,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.85","11.52","12.65","14.39","16.11","17.85"160,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"13.53","15.38","17.25","19.09"170,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"14.31","16.31","18.35","20.30"180,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"15.20","17.30","19.50","21.59"190,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"18.29","20.60","22.80"200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"19.67","21.65","24.00""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管2""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","5.5","6.0","6.5","7.0","7.5","8.0","8.5","9","9.5","10",11,12,"钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""5""6""7""8""9""10","0.518","0.536","0.561""11","0.592","0.615","0.647""12","0.666","0.694","0.734","0.789""(13)","0.740","0.774","0.820","0.888""14","0.814","0.852","0.906","0.986""(15)","0.888","0.932","0.993","1.09","1.17","1.23""16","0.962","1.10","1.08","1.18","1.28","1.35""(17)","1.04","1.09","1.17","1.28","1.39","1.48""18","1.11","1.17","1.25","1.38","1.50","1.60""(19)","1.18","1.25","1.34","1.48","1.61","1.73","1.54","1.92""20","1.26","1.33","1.42","1.58","1.72","1.85","1.97","2.07""(21)","1.33","1.41","1.51","1.68","1.83","1.97","2.10","2.22""22","1.41","1.49","1.60","1.77","1.94","2.10","2.24","2.37""(23)","1.48","1.57","1.68","1.87","2.05","2.22","2.37","2.52""(24)","1.55","1.64","1.77","1.97","2.16","2.34","2.51","2.66","2.81","2.93""25","1.63","1.72","1.86","2.07","2.28","2.47","2.64","2.81","2.97","3.11""(27)","1.78","1.88","2.03","2.27","2.50","2.71","2.92","3.11","3.29","3.45""28","1.85","1.96","2.11","2.37","2.61","2.84","3.05","3.26","3.45","3.68""29","1.92","2.02","2.20","2.47","2.72","2.96","3.19","3.40","3.60","3.80","3.98""30","2.00","2.12","2.29","2.56","2.83","3.08","3.32","3.55","3.77","3.97","4.16","4.34""32","2.15","1.28","2.46","2.76","3.05","3.33","3.59","3.85","4.09","4.32","4.53","4.74""34","2.29","2.43","2.63","2.96","3.27","3.58","3.87","4.14","4.41","4.66","4.90","5.13""(35)","2.37","2.51","2.72","3.06","3.38","3.70","4.00","4.29","4.57","4.83","5.09","5.33""36","2.44","2.59","2.81","3.16","3.50","3.82","4.14","4.44","4.73","5.01","5.27","5.52""38","2.59","2.75","2.98","3.35","3.72","4.07","4.41","4.74","5.05","5.35","5.64","5.92","6.18","6.44""40","2.74","2.91","3.15","3.55","3.94","4.32","4.68","5.03","5.37","5.70","6.01","6.31","6.60","6.88""42","2.89","3.07","3.32","3.75","4.16","4.56","4.95","5.33","5.69","6.04","6.38","6.71","7.02","7.32""44.5","3.07","3.25","3.54","4.00","4.44","4.87","5.29","5.70","6.09","6.47","6.84","7.20","7.55","7.88""45","3.11","3.31","3.58","4.04","4.49","4.93","5.36","5.77","6.17","6.56","6.94","7.30","7.65","7.99","8.32","8.63""48","3.33","3.54","3.84","4.34","4.83","5.30","5.76","6.21","6.65","7.08","7.49","7.89","8.28","8.66","9.03","9.57""水,煤气输送钢管""1,水,煤气输送钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)234-63]""公称内径",,"钢 管 螺 纹",,"外径 (mm)","普通管",,"加厚管""mm","(in.)",,"壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)","壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)""6","1/8''","10","2","0.89","2.50","0.46""8","1/4''","13.5","2.25","0.62","2.75","0.73""10","3/8''","17","2.25","0.82","2.75","0.97""15","1/2''","21.25","2.75","1.25","3.25","1.44""20","3/4''","26.75","2.75","1.63","3.5","2.01""25","1''","33.5","3.25","2.42","4","2.91""32","1 1''/4","42.25","3.25","3.13","4","3.77""40","1 1''/2","48","3.5","3.84","4.25","4.58""50","2''","60","3.5","4.88","4.5","6.16""70","2 1''/2","75.5","3.75","6.64","4.5","7.88""80","3''","88.5","4","8.34","4.75","9.81""100","4''","114","4","10.85","5","13.44""125","5''","140","4.5","15.04","5.5","18.24""150","6''","165","4.5","17.81","5.5","21.63""注(1)表列钢管是适用于输送水,煤气及采暖系统等用的钢管.分镀锌和不镀锌(黑管)两种;又分带螺纹和"" 不带螺纹两种;按壁厚可分为普通钢管,加厚钢管和薄壁钢管."" (2)钢管的长度规定为:无螺纹的黑管4~12m;带螺纹的黑管和镀锌管4~9m.每批允许有10%的(按根数计算)"" 2~4m长的短尺钢管或4~9m米长的接管(即用一个管接头将两根钢管连接而成)."" (3)经供需双方协议,可供应定尺长度或倍尺长度的钢管.其最大长度可到8m.按倍尺交货的钢管,每个单"" 倍尺应留切口5~10mm."" (4)钢管用易焊接的软钢制造,钢号和制造方法(炉焊或电焊)均由制造厂选择."" (5)钢管应能承受下列规定压力的水压试验:普通钢管和薄壁钢管:20kg/cm2;加厚钢管30kg/cm2.""电丝套管""2,电丝套管规格,重量表""名称","外径 (mm)","近似内径 (mm)","管壁厚度 (mm)","重量 (kg/m)","每吨长度 (m/t)""5/8''","15.9","12.3","1.8","0.626","1597.44""3/4''","19.1","15.5","1.8","0.627","1302.08""1''","25.4","21.8","1.8","0.628","954.20""1 1''/4","31.8","28.2","1.8","0.629","750.75""1 1''/2","38.1","34.5","1.8","0.630","620.73""电焊钢管""电焊钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)242-68]""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)",0.5,0.6,0.8,"1.0","1.2","1.4","1.5","1.6","1.8","2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","3.8","4.0",4.2,4.5,4.8,"5.0",5.5,"钢 管 的 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""(5)","0.055","0.065","0.083","0.099""(6)","0.068","0.080","0.108","0.123""(7)","0.080","0.095","0.122","0.148""(8)","0.092","0.110","0.142","0.173","(0.202)""(9)","0.105","0.125","0.162","0.197","0.231""10","0.117","0.139","0.182","0.222","(0.261)""(11)","0.129","0.154","0.201","0.247","0.290""12","0.142","0.169","0.221","0.271","0.320","0.365","(0.388)","0.411""(13)",,"0.184","0.241","0.296","0.349","0.400","0.425","0.451""(14)",,"0.199","0.260","0.321","0.379","0.434","0.462","0.490""15",,"0.214","0.280","0.345","0.409","0.468","(0.499)","0.529""16",,"0.228","0.300","0.370","0.438","0.503","(0.536)","0.568""(17)",,"0.244","0.320","0.395","0.468","0.537","0.573","0.608""18",,"0.258","0.340","0.419","0.497","0..572","(0.610)","0.647","(0.717)","(0.789)""(19)",,"0.274","0.359","0.444","0.527","0

冷轧薄钢板，简称冷轧钢板、冷轧薄板、冷轧板、冷板等。它还包括不锈钢板、弹簧钢板、硬钢片、镀锌板、镀锡板、镀铝板等。冷轧薄钢带，简称冷轧钢带、冷轧带钢、钢带、带钢、薄钢带、冷轧卷等。还包括不锈钢带、镀锌钢带、镀锡钢带等。 冷轧钢板标准 冷轧薄钢板、钢带（以下简称冷轧薄板）主要用于零件的冲压加工，而冷轧薄板的力学性能十分重要，它直接关系到板材的冲压性能。冷轧薄板是以不同的热处理状态分级的，不同硬度的材料，用于不同的加工方法，国家标准GB/T 13237-1991《优质碳素结构钢冷轧薄钢板和钢带》将冷轧薄板大致分为三级，P级用于普通冲压，S级用于深度冲压，Z级用于最深度冲压。中国冶金标准YB/T 5059-1993《低碳钢冷轧钢带》将薄钢板按硬度分为五级，即：TR（特级）、R（软）、BR（半软）、DY（低硬）和Y（冷硬）。其实通过一定的冷轧变形程度和冷轧后热处理的恰当配合，可以在广泛的范围内满足用户关于材料力学性能方面的要求。冷轧薄板根据用户加工上的要求可以分成更多的级别。例如：日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》的分类除分为一般用（spcc）、冲压用(spcd)和深冲压用（spce）三类外，还细分为退火、标准调质、1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬、全硬等级别。 在冷轧薄板力学性能的检测方面，一些标准只规定了拉伸试验，另一些标准除拉伸试验外还规定了硬度试验。 中国标准GB/T 13237-1991就只规定了拉伸试验，技术要求冷轧钢板标准如表一所示：牌号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率不小于拉延级别Z－S和PZSP08F275～365275～38034323008,08Al,10F275～390275～41032302810295～410295～43030392815F315～430315～45029282715335～450335～47027262520355～490335～50026252425——390～540——242330——440～590——222135——490～635——201940——510～650————1845——530～680————1650——540～715————14 日本标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》（该标准中包含了冷轧薄钢板和钢带）规定了拉伸试验，也规定了硬度试验，该标准的力学性能要求如下：表二：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的拉伸试验质牌号抗拉强度/MPa 不小于 伸长率/%不小于试样按以下公称厚度/mm>=0.250.250.400.601.01.6>=2.5SPCC SPCD SPCE(270) 270 270(32) 34 36(34) 36 3836 38 40　 37 39 41 　　 (38) 40 42 　39 41 435号试样轧制方向 表三：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的硬度值。调质区分符号 硬度最大HRBHV退火A57105标准调质S65115 注：厚度小于0.6mm的钢板和钢带，原则上不进行拉伸试验。 表四：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬材料的拉伸试验值。调质区分 符号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率/%最小试样1/8硬8294～410255号试样轧制方向1/4硬4370～490101/2硬2440～590——硬1>=550——     表五：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬状态的硬度值。调质区分符号HRBHV1/8硬 1/4硬8450～7165～8095～130 115～1501/2硬 硬2174～89 ≥85135～185 ≥170注：HRB和HV，仅选用其中之一。英国标准BS 1449/1.9-1991《厚板、薄板和钢带第一部分：碳素钢和碳锰钢厚板、薄板和钢带具有成形性能的冷轧窄钢带技术条件》对冷轧板分级为CS1（铝镇静稳定化超深冲）、CS2（超深冲）、CS3（深冲）、CS4（折边）、CS15（商品级）。这项标准的力学性能要求如表六所示： 表六：钢材交货时的力学性能轧制状态和级别退火（A）或平整冷轧（SP）状态硬度HV1)2)最大屈服强度Re1)/MPa最小抗拉强度Rm1)/MPa最小伸长率A1)/%最小弯心直径1)（180°弯曲）原始标距LO50mm80mmCS1A9514027038（36）0aSP10514027036（34）0aCS2A9514027036（34）0a SP10014027036（34）0aCS3A100（140）（280）（34）（32）0aSP110（140）（280）（34）（32）0aCS4A105（140）（280）——0aSP115（140）（280）——0a 注：1）窄钢带交货应符合，或者硬度和弯曲试验，或者拉伸和弯曲试验，但硬度和拉伸试验不应同时进行。     2）对于SP（平整冷轧）状态，与镀层精整（PL）或镜面光洁度（MF），或以“无拉伸痕”交货的钢材组合，最大硬度可以提高5个HV或抗拉强度可以提高20MPa。     3）牌号CS2、CS3和CS4的硬度值仅适用于沸腾钢。 如上所述冷轧薄板的力学性能可以通过拉伸试验来检测，也可以通过硬度试验来检测。由于硬度试验设备简单、易于掌握，试验效率高，并且金属硬度与强度之间有一定的对应关系，所以硬度检测是确定材料力学性能的更方便的方法。冷轧薄板的硬度检测可以用于冷轧板生产过程的质量控制，更适于生产冲压产品的厂家对原材料进行力学性能的复检。 日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996规定的硬度试验是洛氏硬度HRB和维氏硬度HV。维氏硬度试验可用于冷轧薄板，但洛氏硬度HRB却不适用于测试薄板材料。因为当板材厚度小于2mm时，测试HRB硬度可能会因为发生“测砧效应”而使测量的硬度值失准。对于薄板材料，可以测试表面洛氏硬度HRN或HRT，然后换算成HRB或HV硬度。冷轧钢板标准生产了一种便携式表面洛氏硬度计，它非常适合测试薄板和钢带材料，它可以在生产现场、销售现场或材料仓库快速进行冷轧薄板材料的洛氏硬度检测，完成一次测量仅需要10秒钟时间，检测的板材厚度范围为0.05-50mm。这种仪器可以用在冷轧薄板带的生产线上，对产品的热处理效果进行在线的质量控制。这种仪器更适用于冲压产品的生产厂家。可以用它对购入的板材硬度进行复检，可以携带它去钢材市场选购材料，也可以利用它对自己厂生产的冲压产品进行硬度检测。 这种仪器如果配上一个支承座，还可以放到办公桌上使用。可以对成批的成品或半成品工件做逐件检测。它的测试精度与台式洛氏硬度计相同。 目前冷轧薄带材料正在向超薄方向发展，据报道，上海宝钢已扎制出厚度为0.08mm的冷轧薄板带材。采用本所生产的PHR-1S型表面洛氏硬度计，配一个金刚点砧座，就可测试薄至0.05mm冷轧薄板带材料的硬度。 这种应用完全可以取代维氏硬度计，使冷轧薄板材料的力学性能检测实现快速、简便、经济。

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板。冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，冷轧钢板的密度不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。冷轧钢板的密度：热轧钢板含碳量可比冷轧钢板略高些。在成份相持不大的情况下密度是一样的。但如果成份相差悬殊，如不锈钢不论冷轧、热轧密度都在7.9g/cm3左右。具体还要看成份，热轧只是延展性更好，钢材同样受到压力作用

结构用无缝钢管标准材质： 20G 16Mn 标准： GB5310-95 GB6479-86 GB9948-8822×2.5-451×3-6108×4-20159×5-30299×10-5025×2.5-557×3-8114×5-20168×8-30325×8-4528×3-560×4-10121×5-20180×7-30351×10-3632×3-563.5×4-12127×6-20194×8-30377×10-3838×3-676×4-14133×5-22203×10-32402×10-4542×3-683×5-14140×6-22219×7-45426×10-3045×3-689×4.5-20146×8-25245×8-45480×12-3048×3-6102×4-20152×8-25273×8-50530×12-30中低压锅炉管、流体管、地质管结构用无缝钢管标准材质： 20# dz40 标准： GB3087-1999 GB8163-1999 YB23-708×1-238×3-795×6-20159×5-40351×10-50101-242×3-8102×4-20168×8-40377×10-5012×1-2.545×3-8108×4-20180×7-40402×10-5014×1.5-451×3-10114×4-20194×8-40426×10-5016×2-457×3-10121×5-20203×10-45480×12-4518×2-560×3-12127×6-25219×7-50530×12-4022×2-563.5×3-14133×5-25245×8-50450×12-4025×2-676×4-14140×6-25273×8-50610×12-3028×2-683×5-16146×8-20299×10-50430×12-3032×2.5-689×4-20152×8-30325×8-50720×12-30 　结构用无缝钢管（GB/T8162-1999）是用于一般结构和机械结构的无缝钢管。 　　GB/T8162——中国国家标准　　ASTM A53——美国材料与试验学会标准　　ASME SA53 ——美国锅炉及压力容器规范　　用途：　　结构用无缝钢管用途用于制造管道、容器、设备、管件及机械结构用无缝钢管　　主要钢管牌号：　　10、20、35、45、Q345、15CrMo、12Cr1MoV、A53A、A53B、SA53A、SA53B

16mn无缝钢管尺寸及允许偏差: 偏差等级    标准化外径允许偏差D1 ±1.5%， 最小±0.75 mmD2 ±1.0%。 最小±0.50 mmD3 ±0.75%．最小±0.30 mmD4 ±0.50%。最小±0.10 mm    16Mn无缝钢管用途： (1)16Mn无缝钢管用途很广泛。一般用途的无缝钢管由普通碳素结构钢、低合金结构钢或合金结构钢轧制，产量最多，主要用作输送流体的管道或结构零件。用做高压容器瓶的原料、高温环境中作为输送用管道、桥梁、作钢结构的支柱材料。(2)根据用途不同分三类供应  按化学成分和机械性能供应；  按机械性能供应；  按水压试验供应。按a、b类供应的钢管，如用于承受液体压力，也要进行水压试验。(3)专门用途的16Mn无缝钢管有锅炉用无缝钢管、地质用无缝钢管及石油用无缝钢管等多种。16Mn无缝钢管重量公式: 　　[(外径-壁厚)*壁厚]*0.02466=kg/米(每米的重量) 116Mn无缝钢管用途其它说法： 2用于桥梁的专用钢种为“16Mnq”，汽车大梁的专用钢种为“16MnL”，压力容器的专用钢种为“16MnR”。 3此类钢是依靠调整含碳（C）量来改善钢的力学性能，因此，根据含碳量的高低，此类钢又可分为： 4低碳钢--含碳量一般小于0.25%，如10、20钢等； 5中碳钢--含碳量一般在0.25～0.60%之间，如35、45钢等； 6高碳钢--含碳量一般大于0.60%。此类钢一般不用于制造钢管。

紫铜管用途广泛，常应用于制冷、暖通、水管、汽管、油管等多个领域。1、紫铜管是经济的。 由于铜管容易加工和连接，使其在安装时，可以节省材料和总费用，稳定性可可靠性，可省去维修。2、紫铜管是轻便的。 对相同内径的绞螺纹管而言，铜管不需要黑色 金属 的厚度。当安装时，铜管的输送费用更小，维护更容 易，占用空间更小。　　3、紫铜管是可以改变形状的。 因为铜管可以弯曲、变形，它常常可以做成弯头和接头，光滑的弯曲允许铜管以任何角度折弯。4、紫铜管是易连接的。5、紫铜管是安全的。 不渗漏、不助燃、不产生有毒气体、耐腐蚀。紫铜管质地坚硬，不易腐蚀，且耐高温、耐高压，可在多种环境中使用。与此相比，许多其他管材的缺点显而易见，比如过去住宅中多用的镀锌钢管，极易锈蚀，使用时间不长就会出现自来水发黄、水流变小等问题。还有些材料在高温下的强度会迅速降低，用于热水管时会产生不安全隐患，而铜的熔点高达摄氏1083度，热水系统的温度对铜管微不足道。紫铜管具有优良的导电性﹑导热性﹑延展性和耐蚀性。主要用于制作发电机﹑母线﹑电缆﹑开关装置﹑变压器等电工器材和热交换器﹑管道﹑太阳能加热装置的平板集热器等导热器材。想要了解更多关于紫铜管用途的信息，请继续浏览上海 有色 网。 

热轧钢管采用的是德国技术的制造设备及先进的涡流探伤设备；美国进口的清除内毛刺和冷缩径工艺设备，确保内壁光洁平滑无损伤及焊缝再处理；国内最先进的自动化天然气高温退火炉，退火温度达1000℃，彻底消除钢管制造过程中产生的内应力；国内最先进的排辊式制管及缩径设备；水压试验工序改为100％静水压常规工序，压力不低于60公斤，确保产品质量过关。设备完善的化学实验室、物理实验室、万能材料试验机、洛氏硬度仪等高端检验检测设备，为产品质量提高可靠保障。 热轧钢管适用范围： 本产品广泛应用于中低压流体输送管道，煤气管道、天然气管道、供水管道、污水处理管道、空调管道、消防管道、建筑工程、化工工程、石油管道工程、供热取暖工程及设备工程等是近两年开发的国家“九五”重点高新技术推广项目和国家“火炬”计划项目，适用于石油天然气工业。给排水工程、化学工业、电力工业农业灌溉、城市建设，也可用于气体输送管道用，并可做结构管使用，打桩、桥梁、码头、道路等通用。 热轧钢管的材质： 本产品材质为10#，20#，35#，45#，X42, X60, X80, Q235，Q295，Q345，也可根据客户需求自选材质。 热轧钢管的标准： 本产品依据API SPEC 5L石油天然气标准、API SPEC 5CT石油套管规范,GB/T8163-1999输送流体用钢管GB/T8162-1999结构用钢管标准。 定尺长度： 定尺长度为8000～12000mm±500mm，也可根据客户需求长度生产。 热轧钢管可供应的规格型号：除下列规格型号外，也可根据客户需求生产非型号钢管。 经过几年来厂家和客户的使用验证了我公司产品质量有可靠保障，是无缝钢管的替代产品，产品畅销全国20多个省、市、自治区，因质优价廉受到广大客户的青睐。

陶瓷钢管用途　　液体管道输送已遍及电力、冶金、煤炭、石油、化工、建材、机械等行业，并高速地发展着。当管道内输送磨削性大的物料时(如灰渣、煤粉、矿精粉、尾矿、水泥等)，都存在一个管道磨损快的问题。特别是弯管磨损更快。当管道内输送具有强烈腐蚀的气体、液体或固体时，都存在管道被腐蚀而很快破坏的问题。当管道内输送具有较高温度的物料时，存在着使用耐热钢管价格十分昂贵的问题。当陶瓷钢管上市后，这些问题均迎刃而解。陶瓷钢管广泛用于磨损严重的矿山充填料、矿精粉和尾矿运送，燃煤火电厂送粉、除渣、输灰等管道最合适。陶瓷钢管是输送强烈腐蚀的酸、碱、盐以及磨蚀兼有的固体、液体输送的理想管道。陶瓷钢管在高温腐蚀、高温磨损或高温熔蚀的场合下使用非常安全可靠。 　　本公司生产的陶瓷钢直管和陶瓷弯管、三通、四通等，已在一百多家燃煤电厂，五十多家矿山，以及煤碳、建材、机械、化工等行业得到了应用。例如在强烈磨损场合下，陶瓷钢直管使用数年，到现在为止，还没有一家陶瓷钢直管被磨穿过。磨损最快的陶瓷钢弯管，其寿命比铸石弯管，耐磨合金铸钢弯管，钢塑、钢橡弯管高十倍到二倍。 　　陶瓷钢管迅速占领市场，除质量高、性能好外，还在于它的性能价格比高于其他耐磨耐蚀耐热管材。在相同规格和单位长度的管道方面，陶瓷钢管重量只有耐磨合金铸钢管的二分之一左右，其每米工程造价降低20%-30%；只有铸石管重量三分之一，每米降低工程造价5%-10%；在腐蚀或高温场合下使用的陶瓷钢管，其价格只有不锈钢管、镍钛管的几分之一。

冷轧板带用途很广，如汽车制造、电气产品、机车车辆、航空、精密仪表、食品罐头等。 　　冷轧薄钢板是普通碳素结构钢冷轧板的简称，也称冷轧板，俗称冷板，有时会被误写成冷扎板。冷板是由普通碳素结构钢热轧钢带，经过进一步冷轧制成厚度小于4mm的钢板。由于在常温下轧制，不产生氧化铁皮，因此，冷板表面质量好，尺寸精度高，再加之退火处理，其机械性能和工艺性能都优于热轧薄钢板，在许多领域里，特别是家电制造领域，已逐渐用它取代热轧薄钢板。 　　适用牌号：Q195、Q215、Q235、Q275；SPCC（日本牌号）；ST12（德国牌号） 　　符号：冷轧板的用途 　　1、Q—普通碳素结构钢屈服点（极限）的代号，它是“屈”的第一个汉语拼音字母的大小写；195、215、235、255、275—分别表示它们屈服点（极限）的数值，单位：兆帕MPa（N/mm2）；由于Q235钢的强度、塑性、韧性和焊接性等综合机械性能在普通碳素结构钢中属最了，能较好地满足一般的使用要求，所以应用范围十分广泛。 　　2、S-钢（Steel）、P-板（Plate）、C-冷轧（cold）、第四位C-普通级（common）。 　　3、ST-钢（Steel）、12-普通级冷轧薄钢板、　 　　标记：尺寸精度—尺寸—钢板品种标准 　　冷轧钢板：钢号—技术条件标准 　　标记示例：B-0.57501500-GB708-88；钢板、标准号Q/BQB402，牌号SPCC，热处理状态退火+平整（S），表央加工状态为麻面D，表面质量为FB级的切边（切边EC，不切边EM）钢板、厚度0.5mm，B级精度，宽度1000mm，A级精度，长度2000mm，A级精度，不平度精度为PF.A，则标记为：钢板ECQ/BQB 402-SPCC-SD-FB/（0.51000A2000A-PF.A）； 　　冷轧钢板：Q225-GB912-89 　　主要产地有：宝钢、鞍钢、本钢、武钢、邯钢、包钢、唐钢、涟钢、济钢等 　　冷轧普通薄钢板 ：由普通碳素结构钢或低合金结构钢冷轧制成。冷轧板表面质量较好。具有良好的冲压性能。对其要求要保证冷弯和杯试验合格，常用于汽车等行业和镀层板的原料。 　　冷轧优质薄钢板：主要包括各种优质钢冷轧薄板，最常用的是碳素结构钢板，尤其是深冲压用冷轧薄钢板，是由低碳优质钢08Al冷轧的薄板，钢板按表面质量分为三组；Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ，分别表示特别高级、高级、较高的精整表面,按拉延级别分为ZF、HF、F级（代表用于冲制拉延最复杂、很复杂、复杂的零件）,根据钢板厚度允许偏差，又分为A、B两级精度、广泛用于汽车拖拉机工业。 　　冷轧钢板，表面光洁，加工优良，用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及产业设备、各种建筑材料。随着经济发展，冷轧钢板已被称为现代社会的必须材料。 冷轧产品的分类： 热轧酸洗、轧硬卷、普通冷轧、镀锌（电镀锌、耐指纹、热镀锌）、镀铝锌、电镀锡、彩涂、电工钢（矽钢片）等。 　　1、热轧酸洗：　　2、轧 硬 卷：在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。

热轧是在再结晶温度以上进行的轧制。可以破坏钢锭的铸造组织，细化钢材的晶粒，并消除显微组织的缺陷，从而使钢材组织密实，力学性能得到改善。这种改善主要体现在沿轧制方向上，从而使钢材在一定程度上不再是各向同性体；浇注时形成的气泡、裂纹和疏松，也可在高温和压力作用下被焊合。热轧钢管生产工艺流程 热轧无缝钢管的生产工艺流程包括坯料轧前准备、管坯加热、穿孔、轧制、定减径和钢 管冷却、精整等几个基本工序。 当今热轧无缝钢管生产的一般主要变形工序有三个：穿孔、轧管和定减径；其各自的工 艺目的和要求为： 热轧钢管生产穿孔 将实心的管坯变为空心的毛管；我们可以理解为定型，既将轧件断面定为圆环状；其设 备被称为穿孔机。对穿孔工艺的要求是：首先要保证穿出的毛管壁厚均匀，椭圆度小，几何 尺寸精度高；其次是毛管的内外表面要较光滑，不得有结疤、折叠、裂纹等缺陷；第三是要 有相应的穿孔速度和轧制周期， 以适应整个机组的生产节奏， 使毛管的终轧温度能满足轧管 机的要求。 2.1.2 热轧钢管生产轧管 将厚壁的毛管变为薄壁（接近成品壁厚）的荒管；我们可以视其为定壁，即根据后续的 工序减径量和经验公式确定本工序荒管的壁厚值； 该设备被称为轧管机。 对轧管工艺的要求 是： 第一是将厚壁毛管变成薄壁荒管 （减壁延伸） 时首先要保证荒管具有较高的壁厚均匀度； 其次荒管具有良好的内外表面质量。 2.1.3 热轧钢管生产定减径（包括张减） 大圆变小圆，简称定径；相应的设备为定（减）径机。对定减径工艺的要求是：首先在 一定的总减径率和较小的单机架减径率条件下来达到定径目的， 第二可实现使用一种规格管 坯生产多种规格成品管的任务，第三还可进一步改善钢管的外表面质量。 20 世纪 80 年代末,曾出现过试图取消轧管工序,仅使用穿孔加定减的方法生产无缝钢管, 简称 CPS,即斜轧穿孔和张减的英文缩写),并在南非的 Tosa 厂进行了工业试验,用来生产外径: ３３.４～１７９.８mm，壁厚 3.4～25mm 的钢管，其中定径最小外径为 101.6mm；张减最 大外径我 101.6mm。经过实践检验，该工艺在产生壁厚大于 10mm 的钢管时质量尚可，但 在生产壁厚小于 8mm 的钢管时通过定径、张减不能完全消除穿孔毛管的螺旋线，影响了钢 管的外观质量。在随后的改造中不得不在穿孔机于定减径机之间增设了一台 MINI-MPM(4 机架)来确保产品质量。 2.2 各热轧机组生产工艺过程特点 我们通常将毛管的壁厚加工称之为轧管。轧管是钢管成型过程中最重要的一个工序环 节。 这个环节的主要任务是按照成品钢管的要求将厚壁的毛管减薄至与成品钢管相适应的程 度，即它必须考虑到后继定、减径工序时壁厚的变化，这个环节还要提高毛管的内外表面质 量和壁厚的均匀度。 通过轧管减壁延伸工序后的管子一般称为荒管。 轧管减壁方法的基本特 点是在毛管内按上刚性芯棒，由外部工具（轧辊或模孔）对毛管壁厚进行压缩减壁。依据变 形原理和设备特点的不同，它有许多种生产方法，如表 1 所示。一般习惯根据轧管机的形式 来 命 名 热 轧 机 组 。 轧 管 机 分 单 机 架和 多 机 架 ，单 机 架 有 自动 轧 管 机 、阿 塞 尔 轧 机 、

汽车半轴套管用无缝钢管（GB3088-82）是制造汽车半轴套管及驱动桥桥壳轴管用的优质碳素结构钢和合金结构钢热轧无缝钢管。 汽车半轴套管用无缝钢管要遵守。

冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。镀锌是在装有镀件、玻璃球、锌粉、水和促进剂的旋转滚桶内，作为冲击介质的玻璃球随着滚桶转动，与镀件表面发生摩擦和锤击产生机械物理能量，在化学促进剂的作用下，将镀涂的锌粉“冷焊”到镀件表面上，形成光滑、均匀和细致的具有一定厚度的镀层。镀锌分为热镀锌和电镀锌两种。热镀锌也叫热浸镀锌和热浸锌，是一种有效的 金属 防腐方式，主要用于各 行业 的 金属 结构设施上。是将除锈后的钢件浸入500℃左右融化的锌液中，使钢构件表面附着锌层，从而起到防腐的目的。电镀锌，是利用电解设备将管件经过除油、酸洗、后放入成分为锌盐的溶液中，并连接电解设备的负极，在管件的对面放置锌版，连接在电解设备的正极接通电源，利用电流从正极向负极的定向移动就会在管件上沉积一层锌，冷镀管件是先加工后镀锌。

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在6~13.5吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。产品特点因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。简单来说，冷轧，是在热软板扎的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧→酸洗→冷轧这样的加工过程。冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由热轧经过连续冷变形而成的冷轧，机械性能比较差，硬度太高，必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。化学成分（Wt%）牌号CSiMnPSCuSPCC0.02～0.08≤0.100.15～0.30≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q1950.06～0.12≤0.300.25～0.50≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q235-B0.12～0.20≤0.300.30～0.70≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050制作工序冷轧通常采用众轧的方式。冷轧生产的工序一般包括原料准备、酸洗、轧制、脱脂、退火(热处理)、精整等。冷轧以热轧产品为原料，冷轧前原料要先除磷，以保证冷轧产品的表面洁净。轧制是使材料变形的主要工序。脱脂的目的在于去除轧制时附在轧材上的润滑油脂，以免退火时污染钢材表面，对不锈钢也为防止增碳。退火包括中间退火和成品热处理，中间退火是通过再结晶消除冷变形时产生的加工硬化，以恢复材料的塑性及降低金属的变形抗力。成品热处理的目的除了通过再结晶消除硬化外。还在于根据产品的技术要求以获得所需要的组织(如各种织构等)和产品性能(如深冲、电磁性能等)。精整包括检查、剪切、矫直(平整)、打印、分类包装等内容。冷轧产品有很高的包装要求，以防止产品在运输过程中表面被刮伤。除上述工序外在生产一些特殊产品时还有各自的特殊工序。如轧制硅钢板时，在冷轧前要进行脱碳退火，轧后要进行涂膜、高温退火、拉伸矫直(见张力矫直)与回火等。用于冷轧带刚的轧机有二辊轧机、四辊轧机和多辊轧机。应用最多的是四辊轧机。轧制更薄的产品则要采用多辊轧机。多辊轧机的种类很多，如六辊轧机、偏八辊轧机，十二辊轧机，二十辊轧机等(见轧机)。随着对板形要求的提高，发展了许多改进板形的技术，如弯辊技术、窜辊技术和交叉轧辊技术等。冷轧带钢轧机按机架排列可分为单机可逆或不可逆式与多机连续式两类。前者适用于多品种、少批量或合金钢产品比例大的情况。它投资低、建厂快，但产量低，金属消耗较大。多机架连续轧制适合于产品品种较单一或者变动不大的情况，它有生产效率高、产量大的优点，但投资较大。与热轧带钢(见热连轧宽带钢生产工艺、热轧窄带钢生产)相比，冷轧带钢(见冷板扎带生产)的轧制工艺有以下特点：(1)采用工艺润滑和冷却，以降低轧制时的变形抗力和冷却轧辊；(2)采用大张力轧制，以降低变形抗力和保持轧制过程的稳定。采用的平均单位张力值为材料屈服强度的10%～60%，一般不超过50%；(3)采用多轧程轧制。由于冷轧使材料产生加工硬化，当总变形量达到60%～80%时，继续变形就变得很困难。为此要进行中间退火，使材料软化后轧制得以继续进行。为了得到要求的薄带钢，这样的中间退火可能要进行多次。两次中间退火之间的轧制称为一个轧程。冷轧带钢的退火在有保护气体的连续式退火炉或罩式退火炉中进行(见冷轧板带退火)。冷轧带钢的最小厚度目前可达到0.05mm，冷轧箔材可达到0.001mm。

热轧钢材是经过高温加热轧制而成的钢材，它的强度不是很高，但足以满足我们的使用，它的塑性、可焊性较好，因此我们比较常用；冷轧钢是普通热轧钢经过强力拉拔超过应变硬化阶段的钢材，它的强度很高，但韧性、可焊性差，比较硬、脆！    热轧低碳钢 Q/BQB 302 SPHCSPHDSPHE JIS G3131 SPHCSPHDSPHE 适用于制造冷成型加工的零件。  StW22StW23StW24 DIN 1614(EN10111) StW22 (DD11)STW23 (DD12)StW24 (DD13)  一般结构用钢 Q/BQB 303 SS 330SS 400SS 490SS 540 JIS G3101 SS 330SS 400SS 490SS 540 用于建筑、桥梁、船舶、车辆等一般结构件。  St 33St 37-2St 37-3St 44-2St 50-2St 52-3 DIN 17100(EN10025) St 33 (S185)St 37-2 (S235JR)St 37-3 (S235JO)St 44-2 (S275JR)St 50-2 (E295)St 52-3 (S355JO)  焊接结构用钢 Q/BQB 303 SM 400ASM400BSM 400CSM 490ASM490BSM 490CSM490YASM490YBSM520BSM 520C JIS G3106 SM 400ASM400BSM 400CSM 490ASM490BSM 490CSM490YASM490YBSM520BSM 520C 用于建筑、桥梁、船舶、车辆、石油罐、工程机械等要求焊接性能优良的结构件。  B520JJ --- --- 混凝土搅拌车筒体用热连轧钢板。  Welten590RE NSC Welten590RE 可焊高强度钢板，用于压力容器、油罐、工程机械、采矿机械、压力水管等。  B590GJAB590GJB --- ---  机械结构用钢 Q/BQB 303 C 22C35S 20CS 35C DIN 17200JIS G4501 C 22C35S 20CS 35C 用于经切削等加工并热处理后使用的机械结构件。  细晶粒结构钢 --- StE255StE355 DIN 17102 StE255StE355 适用于焊接的细晶粒结构钢。  钢管用钢带钢 Q/BQB 303 SPHT1SPHT2SPHT3 JIS G3132 SPHT1SPHT2SPHT3 用于焊接钢管。  汽车结构用钢 Q/BQB 310BZJ 311BZJ 312BZJ 313BZJ 314 SAPH 310SAPH 370SAPH 400SAPH 440 JIS G3113 SAPH 310SAPH 370SAPH 400SAPH 440 用于要求成形性加工性能的汽车构架、车轮等汽车结构件。  QStE 340TMQStE 380TMQStE 420TMQStE 460TMQStE 500TM SEW 092(EN10149-2) QStE 340TM (---)QStE 380TM (---)QStE 420TM (S420MC)QStE 460TM (S460MC)QStE 500TM (S500MC) 冷变形用热轧粒钢，用于要求良好冷成型性能并有较高或高强度要求的汽车大梁等结构件。  B330CLB380CLB420CL --- --- 有良好冷成型性能，用于汽车滚型车轮轮网及轮幅。  B440QZRB480QZR --- --- 制造汽车传动轴管用。  B 320L B 550LB 510L B 420LB 510DL --- --- 汽车大梁、横梁用。  锅炉及压力容器用钢 Q/BQB 320 HII19Mn6 DIN 17155 (EN10028-2) HII (P265GH)19Mn6 (P355GH) 除保证常温性能外，还保证较高温度下的力学性能，适用于蒸汽锅炉设备，较高工作温度的压力容器及类似结构件。  Q/BQB 320 SB410 JIS G3103 SB410  Q/BQB 321 B440HPB490HP JIS G3116 SG295SG325 焊接气瓶用钢板。  船体结构用钢 Q/BQB 330 ABD LR,BVGL,DNV 及ABS 船规 ABD 可按各国船级社规范供货。  耐大气腐蚀钢 Q/BQB 340 WTSt37-2WTSt52-3 SEW087 (EN10155) WTSt37-2 (S235J2W)WTSt52-3 (S355J 2G 1W) 用于制造集装箱、铁道车辆、石油井架、工程机械等要求耐大气腐蚀的结构件截流和燃料。  NAW 400NAW 490 NSC NAW 400NAW 490  B460NQRB490NQR --- ---  耐硫酸腐蚀钢 S-ten2 NSC S-ten2 用于制造含介质的容器等。  耐海水腐蚀钢 Mariloy G 41AMariloy S 50A Mariloy G 41AMariloy S 50A 用于采油平台、船舶、海港建筑等结构构件。  高耐候性结构钢 BZJ342 B480GNQR --- --- 用于制造车辆、集装、建筑及其它结构件。  厚度方向性能热连轧钢板 Q/BQB 350 Z15Z25Z35 --- --- 钢板厚度方向性能有良好的抗层状撕裂性能，用于海上采油平台及其它要求厚度性能的结构件。  表面硬化钢 Q/BQB 360 C 10C15 DIN 17210 C 10C15 高纯净低碳钢，供进行表面渗碳或渗氮后进行淬火硬化制造表层高硬度、耐磨、芯部具高韧性的结构件。  S09CKS15CK JIS G4051 S09CKS15CK  高韧性管线钢 BZJ 371 X60RLX70RL API 5L X60X70 供螺旋焊生产石油输送管用高韧性管线钢热轧宽带钢  直缝焊接套管用钢 BZJ 372 J55 API 5CT J55 供制造直缝焊石油套管用  花纹钢板 BZJ 390 BCP 270BCP 340BCP 400 --- --- 扁豆型花纹钢板  自行车用热连轧宽带钢 BZJ 304 SPHT1Z,SPHT2ZSPHT3Z,SPHDZSM50BZ,SM53BZ --- --- 用于制造自行车上、下、后接头，前叉肩、前花盘、链条滚车把横管，中轴等零件  管线用热连轧卷 GB 14164 S205,S240S315S290,S360,S385S415,S450,S480 API 5L Grade A,BX42,X46,X52X56,X60,X65X70 石油、天然气输送管用  1 、热连轧钢板产品简介：     热连轧钢板、带产品，是以板坯（主要为连铸坯）为原料，经加热后由粗轧机组及精轧机组制成带钢。从精轧最后一架轧机出来的热钢带通过层流冷却至设定温度，由卷取机卷成钢带卷，冷却后的钢带卷，根据用户的不同需求，经过不同的精整作业线（平整、矫直、横切或纵切、检验、称重、包装及标志等）加工而成为钢板、平整卷及纵切钢带产品。由于热连轧钢板产品具有强度高，韧性好，易于加工成型及良好的可焊接性等优良性能，因而北广泛应用于船舶、汽车、桥梁、建筑、机械、压力容器等制造行业。随着热轧尺寸精度、板形、表面质量等控制新技术的日益成熟以及新产品的不断问世，热连轧钢板、带产品得到了越来越广泛的应用并在市场上具有越来越强的竞争力。一般说明热连轧钢板产品，钢种规格品种繁多，用途广泛，从一般的工程结构至汽车、桥梁、船舶、锅炉压力容器等制造，都得到大量使用。各种不同用途，对钢板的材质性能、表面质量及尺寸、外形精度等要求也各不相同，因此，必须对热轧钢板产品的品种、材质、特性及其用途有所了解，才能做到经济、合理利用。 2 、力学性能考虑要点 力学性能名词术语（ 1 ）力学性能： 钢板的力学性能式指钢板在受力作用下所显示与弹性或非弹性反应相关或涉及应力——应变关系的性能。抗拉强度、屈服点、伸长率及冲击吸收功是表示热轧钢板力学性能的主要指标。其大小表示钢材抵抗各种作用的能力的大小，是评定钢板材料质量的主要判据，也是钢板制件设计时选材和进行强度计算的主要依据。 （ 2 ）力学性能实验： 测定热轧钢板力学性能的实验主要有拉伸试验及冲击试验等。 （ 3 ）屈服强度： 试样在拉伸过程中，负荷不增加或开始有所降低而试样仍能继续伸长（变形）时的应力。钢材的屈服强度愈低，产生永久变形所需的力愈小，即愈容易成形加工。（ 4 ）抗拉强度： 试样拉伸时，在拉断前所承受的最大应力。当材料所受的外应力大于其抗拉强度时，将会发生破裂，因此，钢板材料的抗拉强度愈大，则表示它愈能承受大的外应力而不断裂。 （ 5 ）伸长率： 试样在拉断后，其标距部分所增加的长度与原标距长度的百分比。伸长率的比数愈大，则表示材料在受力破坏前可以经受永久变形的性能（塑性）愈好；反之则塑性愈差。 （ 6 ）冲击功 （冲击吸收功）：冲击试验时，规定形状和尺寸的试样在冲击力一次作用下折断时所吸收的功，冲击功的大小，表示金属材料对冲击负荷的抵抗能力。冲击功愈高，则材料抗突然脆断的能力愈强。 3 、热连轧钢板产品的选用 1 ）力学性能与可成形性及使用性能的关系    要使钢板获得所需的形状，必须使其永久变形，所采取的工艺可以是局部或整体弯曲、深冲、张拉或这些成型方法的组合。（ 1 ）薄钢板的屈服强度表示出成形后的可成形性和强度，对普通碳素钢板的成形，屈服点值过高，常常有可能发生过大的回弹、成形时容易破断，磨具磨损快以及由于塑性不良而出现缺陷。然而材料的屈服点小于 140Mpa 时，又可能经受不住成形过程中施加的应力，对用于较复杂或复杂成形加工或冲压加工的钢板，通常要求具有比较低的屈服强度值，而且屈服比值愈小，由钢板的成形性能愈好。（ 2 ）中厚板的冷态可成形性与材料的屈服强度和伸长率有直接关系。屈服强度值愈低，产生永久变形所需的应力愈小；伸长率值愈高，高的延展性可以允许承受大的变形量而不致断裂。 （ 3 ）对用于建筑结构、桥梁及机械结构件的钢板，为防止构件断裂，要求钢板材料具有特点的抗拉强度，而为防止构件变形，又要求钢板材料具有一定的屈服强度，因此对这类用途的钢材都要求规定抗拉强度、屈服强度的最小值或范围值。 （ 4 ）对用于承受冲击负荷变形，例如船舶、桥梁、石油、天然气管线用钢板，为防止其使用中发生脆性断裂，又要求其具有一定足够高的冲击韧性 - 冲击功值。 2 ）钢板品种类别的选用 .    热连轧钢板产品包括带（卷）及由其剪切而成的钢板。而钢带（卷）又可分为直发卷及精整卷（分卷，平整分卷及纵切带卷）。    由于直发卷未经重卷，未切除钢带头尾尺寸变化部分并且未经矫直和平整，因此直发卷带有舌头和鱼尾，并且容易发生头尾厚度、宽度不均，边部浪形，折边、塔形以及开卷后出现折皱（腰折）等缺陷，因此对钢板的表面质量，板形要求比较高的用途而言，不宜选用热轧直发卷，而应选用经过精整线重卷、平整的平整卷。 5、“热轧带钢 ” １．产品：普通碳素结构钢钢带 标准：（ GB/T3524-1992 、 GB/T8164-1993 、 QJ/HG02.22-1995 规格：厚度： 2.0 -5.0mm 宽度： 100 -230mm 钢种： HG5 、 Q215 、 Q235 ２．产品：优质碳素结构钢钢带 标准：（ GB8749-1998 、 GB/T8164-1993 size="3"> ） 规格：厚度： 2.5 -4.5mm 宽度： 钢种： 10# 、 20# 、 45# 、 50# 、 40Mn 、 45Mn 、 65Mn ３．产品：自行车链条用钢带 标准： QJ/HG02.15-1991 规格：厚度： 2.75 -4.5mm 宽度： 125 -205mm 钢种： ZL20MnSi 用途：焊接管用、工业链条用、自行车变速链条用、建筑机械、工具用、弹簧用（卷帘门弹簧、卡簧等） “ 冷轧带钢 ” １．产品：碳素结构钢冷轧钢带 标准：（ GB716-1991 、 QJ/HG02.22-1995 ） 规格：厚度： 0.5 -2.0mm 宽度：≤ 205mm 钢种： HG5 、 Q215 、 Q235 ２．产品：优质碳素结构钢冷轧钢带 标准： GB3522-1983 规格：厚度： 0.5 -2.0mm 宽度：≤ 205mm 钢种： 10# 、 20# 、 40Mn 、 45# 、 50# ３．产品：自行车链条用冷轧钢带 标准：（ QJ/HG02.15-1991 、 GB3522-1983 ） 规格：厚度： 0.5 -2.0mm 宽度： 125 -205mm 钢种： ZL20MnSi 用途：工业链条用、自行车变速链条用、刀具用、家具用 “ 小型材 ” １．产品：圆钢（小轧股份公司生产） 标准：（ GB699-1988 、 GB700-1988 、 GB3077-1988 、 GB702-1986 、 QJ/HG02.17-1991 ） 规格： 10 -42mm （ 10 、 12 、 14 、 16 、 18 、 20 、 22 、 25 、 28 、 30 、 32 、 34 、 35 、 36 、 38 、 40 、 42mm ） 钢种： Q215 、 Q235 、 45# 、 50# 、 HG3 、 20CrMnTi 、 20Cr 、 20CrMo 、 35CrMo 、 42CrMo 、 60Si2Mn 、 40Cr 用途：机械零件、轴、五金工具、齿轮用钢、标准件用钢等；螺铆、螺栓、轴、销、自行车、摩托车等配 件 ２．产品：螺纹钢筋 标准 :(GB1499-1991 、 BS4449:1988 ） 规格： 10 、 12 、 14 、 16 、 18 、 20 、 22 、 25 、 28 、 32 、 36 、 40mm 钢种： 20MnSi 、 20MnV 、 25MnSi 、 BS20MnSi 。 用途：建筑用材、包括可供高层建筑用材。（钢筋混凝土结构用）

紫铜管简介及用途   又称铜管。 有色金属 管一种。是压制的和拉制的无缝管。 　　重量较轻，导热性好，低温强度高。常用于制造换热设备（如冷凝器等）。也用于制氧设备中装配低温管路。直径小的铜管常用于输送有压力的液体（如润滑系统、油压系统等）和用作仪表的测压管等。 　　铜管具备坚固、耐腐蚀的特性，而成为现代承包商在所有住宅商品房的自来水管道、供热、制冷管道安装的首选。    1、铜是经济的。 由于铜管容易加工和连接，使其在安装时，可以节省材料和总费用，稳定性可可靠性，可省去维修。　　2、铜是轻便的。 对相同内径的绞螺纹管而言，铜管不需要黑色 金属 的厚度。当安装时，铜管的输送费用更小，维护更容 易，占用空间更小。　　3、铜是可以改变形状的。 因为铜管可以弯曲、变形，它常常可以做成弯头和接头，光滑的弯曲允许铜管以任何角度折弯。　　4、铜是易连接的。　　5、铜是安全的。 不渗漏、不助燃、不产生有毒气体、耐腐蚀。广泛应用于制冷、暖通、水管、汽管、油管等多个领域产品标准执行GB、ASTM、JIS、DIN、BS等国内国外的标准；也可按客户要求定制有关产品，并可提供切割、倒角、抛光、冲压等铜管（铝管）深加工服务，可以减少客户再次寻找深加工配套单位的麻烦。紫铜管的重量计算公式,紫铜就是纯铜： 纯铜呈紫红色，又称紫铜。纯铜密度为8.96，熔点为1083℃， 　　紫铜管的质量计算如下：G＝8.96πδ（D-δ）/1000 　　G：质量kg δ：管壁厚mm D：管直径mm 　　适宜制造紫铜管铜材的牌号为T1、T2。 　　T1的化学成份　Cu+Ag99.95%，P0.001%，Bi0.001%，Sb0.002%，As0.002%，Fe0.005%，Ni0.002%，Pb0.003%,Sn0.002%,S0.005%，Zn0.005%，O0.02%。 　　T2的化学成份　Cu+Ag99.95%，Bi0.001%，Sb0.002%，As0.002%，Fe0.005%，Pb0.005%,S0.005%。 　　导热率（λ）384/W·(m·K)-1 　　比热熔（C) 0.394/kj·(kg·K)-1在现在的生活中，紫铜管的作用很广，普遍被人们使用。给人类带来了便捷。想查阅更多关于紫铜管的信息，欢迎来上海 有色 网 

螺旋钢管生产工艺简单，生产效率高，成本低，发展较快。螺旋钢管的强度一般比直缝焊管高，能用较窄的坯料生产管径较大的焊管，还可以用同样宽度的坯料生产管径不同的焊管。但是与相同长度的直缝管相比，焊缝长度增加30~100%，而且生产速度较低。    螺旋钢管受到广泛应用,螺旋钢管应用有化学工业、电力工业、农业灌溉、水工程、石化工业、城市建设，是我国开发的二十个重点产品之一。 作液体输送用：给水、排水。作气体输送用：煤气、蒸气、液化。作结构用：作打桩管、作桥梁；码头、道路、建筑结构用管等广泛用途。螺旋钢管是以带钢卷板为原材料,经常温挤压成型,以自动双丝双面埋弧焊工艺焊接而成的螺旋缝钢管. 　　（1）原材料即带钢卷，焊丝，焊剂。在投入前都要经过严格的理化检验。 　　（2）带钢头尾对接，采用单丝或双丝埋弧焊接，在卷成钢管后采用自动埋弧焊补焊。 　　（3）成型前，带钢经过矫平、剪边、刨边，表面清理输送和予弯边处理。 　　（4）采用电接点压力表控制输送机两边压下油缸的压力，确保了带钢的平稳输送。 　　（5）采用外控或内控辊式成型。 　　（6）采用焊缝间隙控制装置来保证焊缝间隙满足焊接要求，管径，错边量和焊缝间隙都得到严格的控制。 　　（7）内焊和外焊均采用美国林肯电焊机进行单丝或双丝埋弧焊接，从而获得稳定的焊接规范。 　　（8）焊完的焊缝均经过在线连续超声波自动伤仪检查，保证了100%的螺旋焊缝的无损检测覆盖率。若有缺陷，自动报警并喷涂标记，生产工人依此随时调整工艺参数，及时消除缺陷。 　　（9）采用空气等离子切割机将钢管切成单根。 　　（10）切成单根钢管后，每批钢管都要进行严格的首检制度，检查焊缝的力学性能，化学成份，溶合状况，钢管表面质量以及经过无损探伤检验，确保制管工艺合格后，才能正式投入生产。 　　（11）焊缝上有连续声波探伤标记的部位，经过手动超声波和X射线复查，如确有缺陷，经过修补后，再次经过无损检验，直到确认缺陷已经消除。 　　（12）带钢对焊焊缝及与螺旋焊缝相交的丁型接头的所在管，全部经过X射线电视或拍片检查。 　　（13）每根钢管经过静水压试验，压力采用径向密封。试验压力和时间都由钢管水压微机检测装置严格控制。试验参数自动打印记录。 　　（14）管端机械加工，使端面垂直度，坡口角和钝边得到准确控制。

现代无缝钢管生产用途有很多，无缝钢管(Seamless Steel Tube)是一种具有中空截面、周边没有接缝的长条钢材。钢管具有中空截面，大量用作输送流体的管道，如输送石油、天然气、煤气、水及某些固体物料的管道等。钢管与圆钢等实心钢材相比，在抗弯抗扭强度相同时，重量较轻，是一种经济截面钢材，广泛用于制造结构件和机械零件，如石油钻杆、汽车传动轴、自行车架以及建筑施工中用的钢脚手架等。用钢管制造环形零件，可提高材料利用率，简化制造工序，节约材料和加工工时，如滚动轴承套圈、千斤顶套等，目前已广泛用钢管来制造。钢管还是各种常规武器不可缺少的材料，管、炮筒等都要钢管来制造。钢管按横截面积形状的不同可分为圆管和异型管。由于在周长相等的条件下，圆面积最大，用圆形管可以输送更多的流体。此外，圆环截面在承受内部或外部径向压力时，受力较均匀，因此，绝大多数钢管是圆管。　　但是，圆管也有一定的局限性，如在受平面弯曲的条件下，圆管就不如方、矩形管抗弯强度大，一些农机具骨架、钢木家具等就常用方、矩形管。根据不同用途还需有其他截面形状的异型钢管。　　目前，全世界生产钢管的共计有110多个国家的1850多个公司下的5100多个生产厂，其中生产石油管的有44个国家的170多个公司下的260多个厂。2000年，无缝钢管全国表观消费量为418.0万吨，其中国内供应量的382.1万吨，占国内总需求的91.4%。进口为35.9万吨，占国内总需求的8.59%。同年石油管消费量大约为91万吨。进口约25.2万吨。进口管占国内总消费量的大约70%，其中进口管占国内总消费量的27.69%，石油管进口量约占无缝钢管总进口量的大约70%。从日本进口的石油管占总进口量一半以上。中国最大的石油套管生产基地——天津钢管公司2000年的钢管产品出来为52.20万吨，其中石油套管产量为36.41万吨。套管占全国石油产量的一半以上。在产量和销售量上都国套管市场的第一位。　　从国际和国内两个市场来看，无缝钢管（包括石油专用管）的现有生产能力均已大于需求。所以，今后的重点应放在充分发挥现有机组的能力，开发出高强度等级、高抗击毁、高抗腐蚀的石油管、高压锅炉管和气瓶管等产品。也是国家针对当前我国钢铁市场进行优化产品结构的内容。这也是增加在国内外产品竞争力、扩大市场份额的关键所在。就是说，提高国内钢管企业的市场竞争力是加和WTO以后国内企业长期的任务和成功发展的关键。[钢管]无缝钢管的制造工艺　　[1] 1.热轧（挤压无缝钢管）：圆管坯→加热→穿孔→三辊斜轧、连轧或挤压→脱管→定径（或减径）→冷却→矫直→水压试验（或探伤）→标记→入库 　　轧制无缝管的原料是圆管坯，圆管胚要经过切割机的切割加工成长度约为1米的坯料，并经传送带送到熔炉内加热。钢坯被送入熔炉内加热，温度大约为1200摄氏度。燃料为或。炉内温度控制是关键性的问题.圆管坯出炉后要经过压力穿孔机进行穿空。一般较常见的穿孔机是锥形辊穿孔机，这种穿孔机生产效率高，产品质量好，穿孔扩径量大，可穿多种钢种。穿孔后，圆管坯就先后被三辊斜轧、连轧或挤压。挤压后要脱管定径。定径机通过锥形钻头高速旋转入钢胚打孔，形成钢管。钢管内径由定径机钻头的外径长度来确定。钢管经定径后，进入冷却塔中，通过喷水冷却，钢管经冷却后，就要被矫直。钢管经矫直后由传送带送至金属探伤机（或水压实验）进行内部探伤。若钢管内部有裂纹，气泡等问题，将被探测出。钢管质检后还要通过严格的手工挑选。钢管质检后，用油漆喷上编号、规格、生产批号等。并由吊车吊入仓库中。 　　2.冷拔（轧）无缝钢管：圆管坯→加热→穿孔→打头→退火→酸洗→涂油（镀铜）→多道次冷拔（冷轧）→坯管→热处理→矫直→水压试验（探伤）→标记→入库。　　冷拔（轧）无缝钢管的轧制方法较热轧（挤压无缝钢管）复杂。它们的生产工艺流程前三步基本相同。不同之处从第四个步骤开始，圆管坯经打空后，要打头，退火。退火后要用专门的酸性液体进行酸洗。酸洗后，涂油。然后紧接着是经过多道次冷拔（冷轧）再坯管，专门的热处理。热处理后，就要被矫直。钢管经矫直后由传送带送至金属探伤机（或水压实验）进行内部探伤。若钢管内部有裂纹，气泡等问题，将被探测出。钢管质检后还要通过严格的手工挑选。钢管质检后，用油漆喷上编号、规格、生产批号等。并由吊车吊入仓库中。　　无缝管生产分类——热轧管、冷轧管、冷拔管、挤压管、顶管　　1.结构用无缝钢管（GB/T8162-1999）是用于一般结构和机械结构的无缝钢管。　　2.流体输送用无缝钢管（GB/T8163-1999）是用于输送水、油、气等流体的一般无缝钢管。　　3.低中压锅炉用无缝钢管（GB3087-1999）是用于制造各种结构低中压锅炉过热蒸汽管、沸水管及机车锅炉用过热蒸汽管、大烟管、小烟管和拱砖管用的优质碳素结构钢热轧和冷拔（轧）无缝钢管。　　4.高压锅炉用无缝钢管（GB5310-1995）是用于制造高压及其以上压力的水管锅炉受热面用的优质碳素钢、合金钢和不锈耐热钢无缝钢管。　　5.化肥设备用高压无缝钢管（GB6479-2000）是适用于工作温度为-40~400℃、工作压力为10~30Ma的化工设备和管道的优质碳素结构钢和合金钢无缝钢管。　　6.石油裂化用无缝钢管（GB9948-88）是适用于炼厂的炉管、热交换器和管道无缝钢管。　　7.地质钻探用钢管（YB235-70）是供地质部门进行岩心钻探使用的钢管，按用途可分为钻杆、钻铤、岩心管、套管和沉淀管等。　　8.金刚石岩芯钻探用无缝钢管（GB3423-82）是用于金刚石岩芯钻探的钻杆、岩心杆、套管的无缝钢管。　　9.石油钻探管（YB528-65）是用于石油钻探两端内加厚或外加厚的无缝钢管。钢管分车丝和不车丝两种，车丝管用接头联结，不车丝管用对焊的方法与工具接头联结。 　　10.船舶用碳钢无缝钢管（GB5213-85）是制造船舶I级耐压管系、Ⅱ级耐压管系、锅炉及过热器用的碳素钢无缝钢管。碳素钢无缝钢管管壁工作温度不超过450℃，合金钢无缝钢管管壁工作温度超过450℃。 　　11.汽车半轴套管用无缝钢管（GB3088-82）是制造汽车半轴套管及驱动桥桥壳轴管用的优质碳素结构钢和合金结构钢热轧无缝钢管。 　　12.柴油机用高压油管（GB3093-86）是制造柴油机喷射系统高压管用的冷拔无缝钢管。 　　13.液压和气动缸筒用精密内径无缝钢管（GB8713-88）是制造液压和气动缸筒用的具有精密内径尺寸的冷拔或冷轧精密无缝钢管。 　　14.冷拔或冷轧精密无缝钢管（GB3639-83）是用于机械结构、液压设备的尺寸精度高和表面光洁度好的冷拔或冷轧精密无缝钢管。选用精密无缝钢管制造机械结构或液压设备等，可以大大节约机械加工工时，提高材料利用率，同时有利于提高产品质量。 　　15.结构用不锈钢无缝钢管（GB/T14975-1994）是广泛用于化工、石油、轻纺、医疗、食品、机械等工业的耐腐蚀管道和结构件及零件的不锈钢制成的热轧（挤、扩）和冷拔（轧）无缝钢管。 　　16.流体输送用不锈钢无缝钢管（GB/T14976-1994）是用于输送流体的不锈钢制成的热轧（挤、扩）和冷拔（轧）无缝钢管。 　　17.异型无缝钢管是除了圆管以外的其他截面形状的无缝钢管的总称。按钢管截面形状尺寸的不同又可分为等壁厚异型无缝钢管（代号为D）、不等壁厚异型无缝钢管（代号为BD）、变直径异型无缝钢管（代号为BJ）。异型无缝钢管广泛用于各种结构件、工具和机械零部件。和圆管相比，异型管一般都有较大的惯性矩和截面模数，有较大的抗弯抗扭能力，可以大大减轻结构重量，节约钢材。 　　一般用无缝钢管是用10、20、30、35、45等优质碳结钢16Mn、5MnV等低合金结构钢或40Cr、30CrMnSi、45Mn2、40MnB等合结钢热轧或冷轧制成的。10、20等低碳钢制造的无缝管主要用于流体输送管道。45、40Cr等中碳钢制成的无缝管用来制造机械零件，如汽车、拖拉机的受力零件。　一般用无缝钢管要保证强度和压扁试验。热轧钢管以热轧状态或热处理状态交货；冷轧以热以热处理状态交货。低中压锅炉用无缝钢管：用于制造各种低中压锅炉、过热蒸汽管、沸水管、水冷壁管及机车锅炉用过热蒸汽管、大烟管、小烟管和拱砖管等。 　　用优质碳素结构钢热轧或冷轧（拨）无缝钢管。主要用10、20号钢制造，除保证化学成分和机械性能外要做水压试验，卷边、扩口、压扁等试验。热轧以热轧状态交货、冷轧（拨）以热处理状态交货。　　18.GB18248-2000（气瓶用无缝钢管）主要用于制作各种燃气、液压气瓶。其代表材质为37Mn、34Mn2V、35CrMo等.　　无缝钢管计算公式及举例说明：（kg/m） W= 0.02466 ×S （D – S） D= 外径S= 壁厚 　　外径为60 mm 壁厚4mm 的无缝钢管，求每m 重量。每m 重量= 0.02466 ×4 ×（60 –4 ）=5.52kg 9.石油钻探管（YB528-65）是用于石油钻探两端内加厚或外加厚的无缝钢管。钢管分车丝和不车丝两种，车丝管用接头联结，不车丝管用对焊的方法与工具接头联结。　　GB3088-82）是制造汽车半轴套管及驱动桥桥壳轴管用的优质碳素结构钢和合金结构钢热轧无缝钢管　　10.船舶用碳钢无缝钢管（GB5213-85）是制造船舶I级耐压管系、Ⅱ级耐压管系、锅炉及过热器用的碳素钢无缝钢管。碳素钢无缝钢管管壁工作温度不超过450℃，合金钢无缝钢管管壁工作温度超过450℃。　　11.汽车半轴套管用无缝钢管（GB3088-82）是制造汽车半轴套管及驱动桥桥壳轴管用的优质碳素结构钢和合金结构钢热轧无缝钢管。　　12.柴油机用高压油管（GB3093-2002）是制造柴油机喷射系统高压管用的冷拔无缝钢管。　　13.液压和气动缸筒用精密内径无缝钢管（GB8713-88）是制造液压和气动缸筒用的具有精密内径尺寸的冷拔或冷轧精密无缝钢管。　　无缝钢管规格中国无缝钢管规格　　规格：6 8 10 12 14 16 18 *1--3 　　20 22 24 25 28 30 32 *3--8 　　34 36 38 40 42 45 48 *3--12 　　50 51 54 57 60 63.5 *3--15 　　65 68 70 73 76 80 83 89 *3--25 　　95 102 108 114 121 127 *4--35 　　133 140 146 152 159 168 *4--50 　　178 180 194 203 219 245 *6--60 　　273 299 325 351 355 377 *6--90 　　402 406 426 450 457 465 *8--80 　　480 500 508 510 530 560 *8--80 　　580 610 630 660 680 720 *10--120 　　中国国标无缝钢管有如上无缝钢管规格,　　全国钢材市场：天津钢材市场，聊城钢材市场，上海钢材市场，北京，长沙，河北等地

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在20-40吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。　　　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。　　　　简单来说，冷轧，是在热轧板卷的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧---酸洗---冷轧这样的加工过程。　　　　冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由于热轧经过连续冷变型而成的冷轧，在机械性能比较差，硬度太高。必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。　　　　冷轧一般都会经过退火处理。

无缝钢管是指两端开口并具有中空断面，其长度与周边之比较大的钢材，按生产方法可分为无缝钢管和焊接无缝钢管，无缝钢管的规格用外形尺寸（如外径或边长）及壁厚表示，其尺寸范围很广，从直径很小的毛细管直到直径达数米的大口径管。无缝钢管可用于管道、热工设备、机械工业、石油地质勘探、容器、化学工业和特殊用途。无缝钢管的常用材质:10#   20#   35#   45#   K55   201   304   321   37Mn   30CrMo   43CrMo   30GrMo   27simn   12cr1mov   15crmo   42crmo   Q345   Q345B   Q345D 无缝钢管具有中空截面，大量用作输送流体的管道，如输送石油、天然气、煤气、水及某些固体物料的管道等 无缝钢管与圆钢等实心钢材相比，在抗弯抗扭强度相同时，重量较轻，是一种经济截面钢材，广泛用于制造结构件和机械零件，如石油钻杆、汽车传动轴、自行车架以及建筑施工中用的钢脚手架等 用无缝钢管制造环形零件，可提高材料利用率，简化制造工序，节约材料和加工工时，如滚动轴承套圈、千斤顶套等，目前已广泛用无缝钢管来制造 无缝钢管还是各种常规武器不可缺少的材料，管、炮筒等都要无缝钢管来制造 无缝钢管按横截面积形状的不同可分为圆管和异型管 由于在周长相等的条件下，圆面积最大，用圆形管可以输送更多的流体 此外，圆环截面在承受内部或外部径向压力时，受力较均匀，因此，绝大多数无缝钢管是圆管 但是，圆管也有一定的局限性，如在受平面弯曲的条件下，圆管就不如方、矩形管抗弯强度大，一些农机具骨架、钢木家具等就常用方、矩形管 根据不同用途还需有其他截面形状的异型无缝钢管 1.结构用无缝钢管（GB/T8162-1999）是用于一般结构和机械结构的无缝钢管 2.流体输送用无缝钢管（GB/T8163-1999）是用于输送水、油、气等流体的一般无缝钢管 3.低中压锅炉用无缝钢管（GB3087-1999）是用于制造各种结构低中压锅炉过热蒸汽管、沸水管及机车锅炉用过热蒸汽管、大烟管、小烟管和拱砖管用的优质碳素结构钢热轧和冷拔（轧）4.高压锅炉用无缝钢管（GB5310-1995）是用于制造高压及其以上压力的水管锅炉受热面用的优质碳素钢、合金钢和不锈耐热钢无缝钢管 5.化肥设备用高压无缝钢管（GB6479-86）是适用于工作温度为-40~400℃、工作压力为 10~30Ma 的化工设备和管道的优质碳素结构钢和合金钢无缝钢管 6.石油裂化用无缝钢管（GB9948-88）是适用于炼厂的炉管、热交换器和管道无缝钢管 7.地质钻探用无缝钢管（YB235-70）是供地质部门进行岩心钻探使用的无缝钢管，按用途可分为钻杆、钻铤、岩心管、套管和沉淀管等 8.金刚石岩芯钻探用无缝钢管（GB3423-82）是用于金刚石岩芯钻探的钻杆、岩心杆、套管的无缝钢管 9.石油钻探管（YB528-65）是用于石油钻探两端内加厚或外加厚的无缝钢管 无缝钢管分车丝和不车丝两种，车丝管用接头联结，不车丝管用对焊的方法与工具接头联结 10.船舶用碳钢无缝钢管（GB5213-85）是制造船舶I 级耐压管系、Ⅱ级耐压管系、锅炉及过热器用的碳素钢无缝钢管 碳素钢无缝钢管管壁工作温度不超过450℃，合金钢无缝钢管管壁工作温度超过450℃ 11.汽车半轴套管用无缝钢管（GB3088-82）是制造汽车半轴套管及驱动桥桥壳轴管用的优质碳素结构钢和合金结构钢热轧无缝钢管 12.柴油机用高压油管（GB3093-86）是制造柴油机喷射系统高压管用的冷拔无缝钢管 13.液压和气动缸筒用精密内径无缝钢管（GB8713-88）是制造液压和气动缸筒用的具有精密内径尺寸的冷拔或冷轧精密无缝钢管 14.冷拔或冷轧精密无缝钢管（GB3639-83）是用于机械结构、液压设备的尺寸精度高和表面光洁度好的冷拔或冷轧精密无缝钢管 选用精密无缝钢管制造机械结构或液压设备等，可以大大节约机械加工工时，提高材料利用率，同时有利于提高产品质量 15.结构用 （GB/T14975-1994）是广泛用于化工、石油、轻纺、医疗、食品、机械等工业的耐腐蚀管道和结构件及零件的不锈钢制成的热轧（挤、扩）和冷拔（轧）无缝 无缝钢管 16.流体输送用不锈钢无缝钢管（GB/T14976-1994）是用于输送流体的不锈钢制成的热轧（挤、扩）和冷拔（轧）无缝钢管 17.异型无缝钢管是除了圆管以外的其他截面形状的无缝钢管的总称 按无缝钢管截面形状尺寸的不同又可分为等壁厚异型无缝钢管（代号为D）、不等壁厚异型无缝钢管（代号为BD）、变直径异型无缝钢管（代号为BJ） 异型 广泛用于各种结构件、工具和机械零部件 和圆管相比，异型管一般都有较大的惯性矩和截面模数，有较大的抗弯抗扭能力，可以大大减轻结构重量，节约钢材

冷轧镀锌板，是一种镀锌钢板。钢板按轧制分为热轧和冷轧两种。冷轧板是平板状的，矩形的，可直接轧制而成的。冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧和热轧的区别： 1、冷轧成型钢允许截面出现局部屈曲，从而可以充分利用杆件屈曲后的承载力；而热轧型钢不允许截面发生局部屈曲。2、热轧型钢和冷轧型钢残余应力产生的原因不同，所以截面上的分布也有很大差异。冷弯薄壁型钢截面上的残余应力分布是弯曲型的，而热扎型钢或焊接型钢截面上残余应力分布是薄膜型。3、热轧型钢的自由扭转刚度比冷轧型钢高，所以热轧型钢的抗扭性能要优于冷轧型钢。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。冷轧镀锌板用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及 产业 设备、各种建筑材料。

冷轧板卷是以热轧卷为原料，在室温下在再结晶温度以下进行轧制而成，包括板和卷，国内众多钢厂如宝钢、武钢、鞍钢等均可以生产。其中成张交货的称为钢板，也称盒板或平板；长度很长、成卷交货的称为钢带，也称卷板。 生产过程中由于不进行加热，所以不存在热轧常出现的麻点和氧化铁皮等缺陷，表面质量好、光洁度高。而且冷轧产品的尺寸精度高，产品的性能和组织能满足一些特殊的使用要求，如电磁性能、深冲性能等。  　　规格：厚度为0.2-4mm，宽度为600-2 000mm，钢板长度为1 200-6 000mm。  　　牌号：Q195A-Q235A、Q195AF-Q235AF、Q295A(B)-Q345 A(B)；SPCC、SPCD、SPCE、ST12-15;DC01-06  　　性能：主要采用低碳钢牌号，要求具有良好的冷弯和焊接性能，以及一定的冲压性能。 钢号规格（厚*宽*长）冷轧板规格板0.4*1000*C0.5*1250*C0.35*1000*C 1.0*1000*C0.7*1020*C0.3*1000*C 0.4*1000*C1.5*1000*C2.5*1000*C 2.5*1000*C2.0*1250*C1.5*1250*C 1.0*1250*C1.0*1000*C1.0*1000*2000 1.2*1000*20001.5*1000*20000.5*1000*C 2.0*1000*20003.0*1000*20001.0*1250*2000 1.0*1250*25001.2*1250*20001.2*1250*2500 1.5*1250*20001.5*1250*20002.0*1250*2000 2.0*1250*25002.5*1250*20002.5*1250*2500 3.0*1250*20003.0*1250*25001.0*1250*2500 0.35*1000*20000.4*1000*20000.45*1000*2000 0.5*1000*20000.6*1000*20000.7*1000*2000 0.8*1000*20002.0*1000*20001.2*1000*2000 1.5*1000*20001.0*1250*2000

无缝钢管的生产制造方法、用途、种类无缝钢管无缝钢管是用实心管坯经穿孔后轧制的。1、生产制造方法按生产方法不同可分为热轧管、冷轧管、冷拔管、挤压管等。1.1、热轧无缝管一般在自动轧管机组上生产。实心管坯经检查并清除表面缺陷，截成所需长度，在管坯穿孔端端面上定心，然后送往加热炉加热，在穿孔机上穿孔。在穿孔同时不断旋转和前进，在轧辊和顶头的作用下，管坯内部逐渐形成空腔，称毛管。再送至自动轧管机上继续轧制。最后经均整机均整壁厚，经定径机定径，达到规格要求。利用连续式轧管机组生产热轧无缝钢管是较先进的方法。 1.2、若欲获得尺寸更小和质量更好的无缝管，必须采用冷轧、冷拔或者两者联合的方法。冷轧通常在二辊式轧机上进行，钢管在变断面圆孔槽和不动的锥形顶头所组成的环形孔型中轧制。冷拔通常在0.5～100T的单链式或双链式冷拔机上进行。 1.3、挤压法即将加热好的管坯放在密闭的挤压圆筒内，穿孔棒与挤压杆一起运动，使挤压件从较小的模孔中挤出。此法可生产直径较小的钢管。 2、用途 2.1、无缝管用途很广泛。一般用途的无缝管由普通碳素结构钢、低合金结构钢或合金结构钢轧制，产量最多，主要用作输送流体的管道或结构零件。 2.2、根据用途不同分三类供应：a、按化学成分和机械性能供应；b、按机械性能供应；c、按水压试验供应。按a、b类供应的钢管，如用于承受液体压力，也要进行水压试验。 2.3、专门用途的无缝管有锅炉用无缝管、地质用无缝管及石油用无缝管等多种。 3、种类 3.1、无缝钢管按生产方法不同可分为热轧管、冷轧管、冷拔管、挤压管等。 3.2、按外形分类有圆形管、异形管之分。异形管除方形管和矩形管外，还有椭圆管、半圆管、三角形管、六角形管、凸字形管、梅花形管等。 3.3、按材质的不同，分为普通碳素结构管、低合金结构管、优质碳素结构管、合金结构管、不锈管等。 3.4、按专门用途分，有锅炉管、地质管、石油管等。 4、规格及外观质量 无缝管按GB/T8162-87规定 4.1、规格：热轧管外径32～630mm。壁厚2.5～75mm。冷轧(冷拔)管外径5～200mm。壁厚2.5～12mm。 4.2、外观质量：钢管的内外表面不得有裂缝、折叠、轧折、离层、发纹和结疤缺陷存在。这些缺陷应完全清除掉，清除后不得使壁厚和外径超过负偏差。 4.3、钢管的两端应切成直角，并清除毛刺。壁厚大于20mm的钢管允许气割和热锯切割。经供需双方协议也可不切头。 4.4、冷拔或冷轧精密无缝钢管《表面质量》参照GB3639-83。 5、化学成分检验 5.1、按化学成分和机械性能供应的国产无缝管，如10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45和50号钢的化学成分应符合GB/T699-88的规定。进口无缝管按合同规定的有关标准检验。09MnV、16Mn、15MnV钢的化学成分应符合GB1591-79的规定。 5.2、具体分析方法参照GB223-84《钢铁及合金化学分析方法》的有关部分。 5.3、分析偏差参照GB222-84《钢的化学分析用试样及成品化学成分允许偏差》。 6、物理性能检验 6.1、按机构性能供应的国产无缝管，普通碳素钢按GB/T700-88的甲类钢制造(但必须保证含硫量不超过0.050%和含磷量不超过0.045%)，其机械性能应符合GB8162-87表内所规定的数值。 6.2、按水压试验供应的国产无缝管必须保证标准所规定的水压试验。 6.3、进口无缝管的物理性能检验按合同规定的有关标准进行。 7、主要进出口情况 7.1、一般无缝管进口量很大。主要进口国家是德国和日本。欧洲国家如罗马尼亚、俄罗斯、瑞士、法国、西班牙、捷克、南斯拉夫、匈牙利等国都有进口。还有少量从南美的阿根廷、墨西哥等国进口。 7.2、根据我国用货单位的不同要求，进口无缝管规格多达100多种，常见的规格有15922mm、1595mm、15918mm。114.38mm、114.310mm、114.313mm。长度一般为5～8m或4～7m不等。主要是热轧碳结构，钢号为ST35.ST45及ST65。进口规格直径最小的为305mm，最大的47813mm。 7.3、从法国和西班牙曾进口少量直径较小而壁薄的无缝管，如183mm，223mm、26.93mm等。执行德国曼内斯曼钢管厂的一般规则。 7.4、从匈牙利和日本进口的无缝管，常参照DIN2448、DIN1629。 7.5、在进口索赔案例中，进口无缝管存在的质量问题主要有：化学成分不合格、压扁试验发生劈裂、抗拉强度低、出现严重锈蚀及凹坑等。 8、包装 按GB2102-88规定。钢管包装分三种：捆扎、装箱、涂油捆扎或涂油装箱

（二）电工用冷轧硅钢薄板（GB2521-88）  　　用含硅0.8％-4.8％的电工硅钢为材质，经冷轧而成。  　　冷轧硅钢片分晶粒无取向和晶粒取向两种钢带。冷轧电工钢带具有表面平整、厚度均匀、叠装系数高、冲片性好等特点，且比热轧电工钢带磁感高、铁损低。用冷带代替热轧带制造电机或变压器，其重量和体积可减少0％-25％。若用冷轧取向带，性能更佳，用它代替热轧带或低档次冷轧带，可减少变压器电能消耗量45％-50％，且变压器工作性能更可靠。  　　用于制造电机和变压器。通常，晶粒无取向冷轧带用作电机或焊接变压器等的状态；晶粒取向冷轧带用作电源变压器、脉冲变压器和磁放大器等的铁芯。  　　钢板规格尺寸：厚度为0.35、0.50、0.65mm，宽度为800-1000mm，长度为≤2.0m。

不锈钢热轧钢板是用热轧工艺生产的不锈钢钢板。厚度不大于3mm的为薄板，厚度大于3mm的为厚板用于化工、石油、机械、船舶等行业制造耐蚀零件、容器和设备。其分类和牌号如下： 　　1．奥氏体型钢 　　(1)1Cr17Mn6Ni15N；(2)1Cr18Mn8Ni5N；(3)1Cr18Ni9；(4)1Cr18Ni9Si3；(5)0Cr18Ni9；(6)00Cr19Ni10；(7)0Cr19Ni9N；(8)0Cr19Ni10NbN；(9)00Cr18Ni10N；(10)1Cr18Ni12；(11) 0Cr23Ni13；(12)0Cr25Ni20；(13) 0Cr17Ni12Mo2；(14) 00Cr17Ni14Mo2；(15) 0Cr17Ni12Mo2N；(16) 00Cr17Ni13Mo2N；(17) 1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti；(18) 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti；(19) 1Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti；(20) 0Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti；(21) 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Cu2；(22) 00Cr18Ni14Mo2Cu2；(23) 0Cr19Ni13Mo3；(24) 00Cr19Ni13Mo3；(25) 0Cr18Ni16Mo5；(26) 1Cr18Ni9Ti；(27) 0Cr18Ni10Ti；(28) 0Cr18Ni11Nb；(29) 0Cr18Ni13Si4 　　2．奥氏体——铁素体型钢 　　(30)0Cr26Ni5Mo2；(31)00Cr18Ni5Mo3Si2； 　　3．铁素体型钢 　　(32)0Cr13Al；(33) 00Cr12；(34)1Cr15；(35)1Cr17；(36)1Cr17Mo；(37)00Cr17Mo； (38)00Cr18Mo2；(39)00Cr30Mo2；(40)00Cr27Mo 　　4．马氏体型钢 　　(41)1Cr12；(42)0Cr13；(43)；1Cr13；(44)2Cr13；(45)3Cr13；(46)4Cr13；(47)3Cr16；(48)7Cr17 　　5．沉淀硬化型钢 　　(49)0Cr17Ni7Al热轧板带钢工艺润滑的研究　　一 热轧工艺润滑的主要作用　　1.1 降低摩擦系数，降低轧制力　　由于磨擦系数的减小，使轧制力降低，一般为可降低轧制力10%~25%，这样降低了轧制功率，节约了能耗，。　　1.2 减少轧辊消耗，提高作业率　　热轧条件下，工作轧辊面因与冷却水长期接触发生氧化，形成黑皮，这是造成轧辊异常磨损的主要原因。采用特殊的润滑剂能够有效阻止辊面黑皮的形成，延长轧辊使用寿命，减少换辊次数，提高轧机作业率。　　1.3改善轧后表面质量　　轧辊磨损的降低，黑皮的减少直接改善了轧后板面质量。　　1.4改善制品内部组织性能　　工艺润滑可以使轧后带钢的晶料组织得到改善，提高其深冲性能。　　1.5节能降耗　　采用工艺润滑后，热轧吨钢平均节电3度；酸洗酸液减少0.3~1.0kg；金属消耗降低1.0kg；轧辊的消耗能降低30%~50%。　　二 热轧工艺润滑的机理 　　通常热轧润滑剂是以油水混合液的形式被送到轧辊表面的，水是载体，少量的油均匀分散在水中。油水混合液的作用过程是水包油相向油包水相的转变过程。混合液体到达辊面后，以水包油的形式迅速地在辊面展开，当进入变形区与高温轧件接触时，由于温度和压力的作用，水很快蒸发并转变成油包水相，一部分油燃烧成以灰分为主的燃烧物；一部分油则以油膜的形式均匀地覆盖在轧辊与轧件的接触弧面上，两者在变形区内大约0.01s的时间内都能起到润滑的作用。　　三 热轧工艺润滑剂的选用　　3.1 热轧工艺润滑剂的性能　　3.1.1良好且稳定的润滑性能　　3.1.2良好的润湿性和黏着性，能均匀地分散在轧辊表面并牢固地黏着。　　3.1.3高温下良好的抗氧化性和耐分解性，保证在与轧件接触前不产生燃烧和分解。　　3.1.4良好的抗乳化性和离水展着性。　　3.1.5无毒无味，同时分解中产生的气体也无毒无味，燃烧产物无毒，不污染环境。　　3.2热轧工艺润滑剂的组成及种类　　热轧油有水基和油基两种形式，目前大部分厂家采用油基热轧油。　　一般热轧油由基础油和油性剂两部分组成，基础油有矿物油、聚烯烃、酯类油；油性剂有动、植物油、脂肪酸、高级脂肪酸、合成脂、固体润滑剂等。　　四 热轧工艺润滑对力能参数的影响　　生产中采用上述热轧油后，使得轧制压力显著降低15%~30%；轧辊消耗减少可达50%；节能减少近10%。　　采用不同类型的热轧油进行热轧普碳钢工艺润滑效果实验，测量轧制压力并与无工艺润滑的轧制条件的轧制力作比较，结果见下表　　表： 不同类型热轧油的润滑效果　　热轧油类型 轧制压力下降%　　Q-HB-1905 32.5 　　HR-40 21.2 　　Q-HB-11 20.8 　　脂肪油 40　　由表可看出，脂肪油表现出较好的降低轧制力的能力，但脂肪油也存在致命缺陷，如轧后钢板表面的清洁性较差；另外脂肪油在高温条件下油烟较重，恶化工作环境。另外不同种类的添加剂降低轧制压力也明显不同，影响效果如图所示 五 工艺润滑对轧辊磨损的影响　　采用工艺润滑可大大降低轧辊的磨损，热轧时轧辊应有足够冷却与润滑。通过现场对比试验，轧制带钢产量与轧辊磨损的关系在不同的轧制条件下有很大的差异，如图所示 随轧制量增加，轧辊磨损加剧，由于磨损的不均匀性，将严重影响到轧后的板面质量，采用润滑后，轧辊磨损的速度要缓慢得多。　　采用工艺润滑后，轧辊磨损大大减少，沿辊身长度上的磨损也变得较为均匀，这样对热轧带钢的板形非常有利。下图为F1～F4 400连轧机组轧辊的磨损情况： 　　实践表明，采用微量的润滑剂完全可以达到降低轧辊磨损的目的，轧辊的润滑效果及磨损程度并不是与润滑剂用量及浓度成正比，相反，润滑剂的用量过大，会造成打滑、轧件咬入困难，同时造成污染。　　六 存在的问题 　　热轧带钢采用工艺润滑后，使轧件的咬入条件发生变化,不利于轧件的顺利咬入,可以通过间歇供油的方式来解决。由于采用润滑后摩擦系数的下降，对板宽、板厚将产生很大影响，且不易控制，可在条件成熟时采用AGC厚度自动控制系统，对厚度精度进行有效控制，且能获得更加良好的板形。此外由于轧制油的燃烧，使工人恶劣的工作条件比以前有所加剧，车间油烟较大，需专设排烟系统。

冷 轧 产 品 品 名        材 质碳 结 板    SPCC、St12、DC01、Q235AB优结钢板   20-45#、08-15#优质碳素钢    08AL低碳深冲板    SC1、SPCE、ST14、DC04 超深冲板  SC2、St15、DC05、SC3、St16、DC06、St17耐腐蚀钢   05CuPCrNi、09CuPCrNi、Q345GNHL 低碳冲压钢   SPCD、ST13、DC03深 冲 板   SPCEN参照： （一）冲压用冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 1、一般冲压用钢：BLC B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；L——低碳（Low Carbon）；C——一般用（Commercial） 2、抗时效性低屈服钢：BLD B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；L——低碳（Low Carbon）；D——冲压用（Drawing） 3、非时效性极深冲用钢：BUFD（BUSD） B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；U——超级（Ultra）；F——成型（Formability）； D——冲压（Drawing） 4、非时效性超深冲用钢：BSUFD B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；SU——超高级（Ultra+Super）；F——成型（Formability）； D——冲压（Drawing） （二）冷成型用高强度冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 B ××× × × B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；×××——最小屈服点值； ×——一般用V、X、Y、Z表示 V：高强度低合金，屈服点与抗拉强度差值无规定 X：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别70MPa Y：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别100MPa Z：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别140MPa ×——氧化物/硫化物夹杂控制（K：镇静、细晶粒；F：K+硫化物控制；O：K、F外） 例：B240ZK、B340VK （三）抗凹陷性冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 B ××× × × B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写 ×××——最小屈服点值 ×——强化方式（P：强化；H：烘烤硬化） ×——由1或2表示（1：超低碳；2：低碳） 築210P1：深冲压用高强度钢；B250P2：一般加工用含磷高强度钢；B180H1：深冲用烘烤硬化钢

28日国内不锈钢冷轧上涨幅度在500元左右。据信息研究中心商场监测显现，北京区域，冷卷304/2B的0.5-3.0mm报价在3.20-3.33万元左右(吨价，下同)；热板304/No.1太钢6mm-20mm价位在2.78-3.75万元之间；321圆钢报价在4.70-5.10万元，2Cr13、3Cr13报价在0.94万元左右。佛山区域，冷卷304/2B 0.4-3.0mm张浦报价在3.18-3.33万元左右；无锡区域，冷卷304/2B报价张浦0.4-3.0mm报价在3.32-3.43万元，太钢0.5-3.0mm报价在3.25-3.48万元左右。现商场上仍无会集到货，资源继续严重，报价调高后成交状况欠安。商场304冷轧卷报价较9月出厂报价已高出500元左右，在消费旺季降临、商场库存量不大等有利要素的状况下，部分供应商对后市达观。.

国际钢管生产分类（1）无缝钢管——热轧管、冷轧管、冷拔管、挤压管、顶管 （2）焊管 （a）钢管按工艺分——电弧焊管、电阻焊管（高频、低频）、气焊管、炉焊管 （b）按焊缝分——直缝焊管、螺旋焊管 中国钢管使用标准 :化工部GD HGJ514 中石化SHJ408 电力DN/T515 石油HB82外国钢管使用标准 :1 ASTM美国材料与试验协会 2 ASME美国机械工程师协   国际钢管标准规范 序号 品种 标准号 标题1 ASTM ASTM A 268／A 268M－2003 通用无缝钢管和焊接铁素体与马氏体不锈钢管标推规范2 ASTM ASTM A 269a—2002 普通设备用无缝钢管和焊接奥氏体不锈钢管标准规范3 ASTM ASTM A 270a—2003 卫生设施用无缝钢管和焊接奥氏体不锈钢管的标准规范4 ASTM ASTM A 312/A 312M—2003 无缝钢管和焊接奥氏体不锈钢管用标准规范5 ASTM ASTM A 632—2001 通用无缝钢管和焊接奥氏体不锈钢管（小直径）标准规范6 ASTM ASTM A 733—2001 焊接及无缝钢管碳素钢和奥氏体不锈钢管接头标准规范7 ASTM ASTM A 771/A 771M—1995 液态金属冷却反应堆堆芯部件用奥氏体和马氏体无缝不锈钢管的标准规范8 ASTM ASTM A 778—2001 焊接未退火的奥氏体不锈钢管形制品标准规范     9 ASTM ASTM A 790/A 790Ma一2002 无缝钢管与焊接铁素体／奥氏体不锈钢管标准规范10 ASTM ASTM A 813/A 813M—2001 单或双焊接奥氏体不锈钢管标准规范11 ASTM ASTM A 814/A 814M—2001 冷加工焊接奥氏体不锈钢管标准规范12 ASTM ASTM A 815/A 815Ma—2001 锻制铁素体、铁素体／奥氏体和马氏体不锈钢管配件标准规范13 ASTM ASTM A 872A 872M—2002 腐蚀环境用离心铸造铁素体／奥氏体不锈钢管标准规范14 ASTM ASTM A 928/A 928M—2000 铁素体／奥氏体（二联）不锈钢管加填料金属焊接的标准规范15 ASTM ASTM A 943/A 943M—2001 喷模制无缝钢管奥氏体不锈钢管的标准规范16 ASTM ASTM A 949/A 949M—2001 喷模制无缝铁素体／奥氏体不锈钢管标准规范17 ASTM ASTM A 999/A 999M—2001 合金钢及不锈钢管一般要求的标准规范18 ASTM ASTM A 1016/A 1016Ma—2002 铁素体合金钢管、奥氏体合金钢管和不锈钢管一般要求的标准规范19 ASTM ANSI/ASTM A 53M-2002  黑色和热浸镀锌焊接及无缝钢管的标准规范  20  ASTM ANSI/ASTM106A-2002  高温设备用无缝碳素钢管的标准规范  21 ASTM  ASTM A134-1996  电熔(电弧)焊钢管(NPS为16英寸和16英寸以上)的标准规范  22 ASTM ASTM A135-2001  电阻焊钢管标准规范 23 ASTM ASTM A139—2000  电熔(电弧)焊钢管(4英寸以上的)标准规范24 ASTM ASTM A179/A 179M-1990  热交换器和冷凝器用无缝冷拉低碳钢管标准规范  25 ASTM      ASTM A209/A 209M-2003  锅炉和过热器用无缝碳钼合金钢管标准规范  26 ASTM ASTM A 214／A 214M－1996 热交换器与冷凝器用电阻焊接碳素钢管的标准规范27 ASTM ASTM A 252－1998 焊接和无缝钢管桩的标准规范28 ASTM ASTM A 254－1997 铜焊钢管规格的标准规范29 ASTM ASTM A 335／A 335M－2002 高温设备用无缝铁素体合金钢管标准规范30 ASTM ASTM A 358／A 358M－2001 高温设备用电熔焊奥氏体铬镍合金钢管标准规范31 ASTM ASTM A 369／A 369M－2002 高温设备用锻制和镗加工碳素钢管和铁素体合金钢管标准规范32 ASTM ASTM A 376／A 376Ma－2002 高温中心站设备用无缝奥氏体钢管标准规范33 ASTM ASTM A 381－1996 高压输送用金属弧焊钢管的标准规范34 ASTM ASTM A 403／A 403Ma－2003 锻制奥氏体不锈钢管道配件的标准规范35 ASTM ASTM A 409／A 409M－2001 腐蚀场所或高温下使用的焊接大口径奥氏体钢管标准规范36 ASTM ASTM A 451／A 451M－2002 高温设备用离心铸造奥氏体钢管的标准规范37 ASTM ASTM A 513－2000 电阻焊碳素钢与合金钢机械钢管标准规范38 ASTM ASTM A 520－1997 符合ISO锅炉结构推荐标准规定的高温用无缝和电阻焊碳素钢管形产品的补充要求39 ASTM ASTM A 523－1996 高压管型电缆线路用平端无缝与电阻焊钢管的标准规范40 ASTM ASTM A 524－1996 常温和低温用无缝碳素钢管的标准规范41 ASTM ASTM A 587－1996 化学工业用电阻焊低碳钢管的标准规范42 ASTM ASTM A 595－2004 结构用低碳锥形钢管的标准规范43 ASTM ASTM A 608／A 608M－2002 高温压力设备用离心铸造的铁铬镍高合金钢管标准规范44 ASTM ASTM A 660－1996 高温用离心铸造碳素钢管的标准规范45 ASTM ASTM A 671—1996 常温和较低温用电熔焊钢管的标准规46 ASTM ASTM A 672－1996 中温高压用电熔焊钢管的标准规范47 ASTM ASTM A 714－1999 高强度低合金焊接和无缝钢管标准规范48 ASTM ASTM A 742／A 742M－2003 波纹钢管用预涂聚合物和金属涂覆钢薄板的标准规范49 ASTM ASTM A 758／A 758M－2000 具有改进的切口韧性的对缝焊锻制碳素钢管配件标准规范50 ASTM ASTM A 760／A 760Ma－2001 下水道和排水沟用金属涂覆波纹钢管标准规范51 ASTM ASTM A 762／A 762M－2000 下水道和排水沟用预涂聚合物波纹钢管标准规范52 ASTM ASTM A 790/A 790Ma－2002 无缝与焊接铁素体／臭氏体不锈钢管标准规范53 ASTM ASTM A 796／A 796M－2003 雨水、卫主污水和其它地下用波纹钢管、管拱和拱的结构设计标准实施规程54 ASTM ASTM A 798／A 798M－2001 污水管及其它类似用途用工厂制波纹钢管安装的标准实施规程55 ASTM ASTM A 810－2001 热浸镀锌钢管用绕网标准规范56 ASTM ASTM A 865－1997 钢管接头用黑色或镀锌焊接或无缝钢管螺纹联接套筒的标准规范57 ASTM ASTM A 929/A 929M－2001 波纹钢管用的经热浸处理的金属镀覆薄钢板标准规范58 ASTM ASW A 960－2003 可锻钢管件通用要求的标准规范59 ASTM ASTM A 978／A 978M－1997 预涂覆和聚乙烯复合肋式钢管标准规范60 ASTM ASTM A 998／A 998M－1998 下水道和其他用途工厂制造的波纹钢管中配件加筋的结构设计标准实施规范61 ASTM ASTM A 1019/A 1019M－2001 排污和排水用聚合物预涂的直径为36英寸或不足36英寸的闭合肋钢管的标准规范62 ASTM ASTM A 1020/A 1020M－2002 锅炉、加热器、热交换器和冷凝器装置的熔焊碳素和碳锰钢管的标准规范63 ASTM ASTM A 1024/A 1024M－2002 无缝平头黑色钢管线标准规范64 ASTM ASTMA422-85 提炼厂用单头焊接钢管规格65 ASTM ASTMA423/A423M-91 无缝和焊接低合金钢管规格66 ASTM ASTMA498-94 碳素钢、铁素体和奥氏体合金钢焊接及无缝配有散热片的热交换器管规格67 ASTM ASTMA500-93 冷成型焊接和无缝炭素结构钢圆管和异型管规格68 ASTM ASTMA501-93 热成型焊接和无缝炭素结构钢钢管规格69 ASTM ASTMA511-90 无缝不锈钢机械管规格70 ASTM ASTMA512-94 碳素钢冷带对焊机械管规格71 ASTM ASTMA519-94 无缝碳素钢及合金钢机械管规格72 ASTM ASTMA530/A530M-92a 特殊碳素钢及合金钢管一般要求和规格73 ASTM ASTMA539-90a 输送气体与燃料油用电阻螺旋焊钢管规格74 ASTM ASTMA554-94 焊接不锈钢机械管规格75 ASTM ASTMA556／556M-90a 冷拔无缝碳素钢供热管规格76 ASTM ASTMA557／557M．90a 电阻焊碳素钢供热水管规格77 ASTM ASTMA589-93 水井用无缝和焊接碳素钢管规格78 ASTM STMA618-93A 热成型焊接及无缝的高强度低合金结构钢钢管规格79 ASTM ASTMA632-90 一般用无缝及焊接奥氏体不锈钢小直径管规格80 ASTM ASTMA671-94 常温和较低温用电焊钢管规格81 ASTM ASTMA672-94 中温下高压用电焊管规格82 ASTM ASTM A 674-2000 水或其它液体用球墨铸铁管的聚乙烯包装的标准操作规程83 ASTM ASTMlA688/A688M-91 焊接奥氏体不锈钢供热水管规格84 ASTM ASTMA691-93 高温高压用电焊炭素及合金钢管规格85 ASTM ASTMA731/A731M-91 无缝及焊接马氏体及铁素体不锈钢管规格86 ASTM ASTMA722-93 碳素钢和奥氏休不锈钢焊接及无缝螺纹管规格87 ASTM ASTMA787-94 镀金属的电阻焊接碳素钢机械管规格88 ASTM ASTMA791/A79l M-94 焊接未退火铁素体不锈钢管规格89 ASTM ASTMA795-93 防火用黑皮和热镀锌焊接和无缝钢管规格90 ASTM ASTMA803/A803M-94 供热水用铁素体不锈钢焊接管规格91 ASTM ASTMA822-90 液压传动系统用冷拔碳素钢无缝钢管规格92 ASTM ASTMA826-88 增殖反应堆部件用奥氏体和铁素体不锈管规格93 ASTM ASTMA847-93 提高耐大气腐蚀的冷成型焊接及无缝高强度低合金结构管规格94 ASTM ASTMA851-90 高频感应焊接未退火的奥氏体钢冷凝管规格95 ASTM ASTMA896-89 电镀结构用导热套管规格96 ASTM ASTMA908-91 不锈钢针管规格97 ASTM ASTM F 218a-2002  外科植入物用锻造的无缝不锈钢管的标准规范  98 ASTM ASTM E 570-1997 铁磁钢管形制品的磁力泄漏检验99 ASTM ASTM F 1083-1997 栅栏结构用热浸锌涂层（镀锌）焊接钢管100 ANSl      ANSI/ASTM A210-1996  锅炉和过热器用无缝中碳素钢管规范  101 ANSI      ANSI/ASTM A450-1996  碳素钢管、铁素体合金钢管及奥氏体合金钢管规范  102 ANSI      ANSI/ASTM A523-1996  高压管型电缆线路用平端无缝与电阻焊钢管规范  103 ANSI ANSI／ASTM A789/A 789M－2001 普通设备用无缝与焊接铁素体／奥氏体不锈钢管规范104 ANSI ANSI／ASME B16.1-1998 25、125、250和800级铸铁管法兰和法兰配件105 ANSI ANSI／ASME B16.42－1998 球墨铸铁管法兰和法兰配件106 ANSI ANSI／ASME B36.19M－1985 不锈钢管107 ANSI ANSI／API SPEC15LT-1993 PVC衬层钢管状制品108 ANSI ANSI／ASME B36.10M－2000 焊接锻钢管和无缝锻钢管109 API APISpec 5CT 石油套管和油管规范美国钢管技术标准要求GB/T8162-1999（结构用无缝钢管）。主要用于一般结构和机械结构。其代表材质（牌号）：碳素钢20、45号钢；合金钢Q345、20Cr、40Cr、20CrMo、30-35CrMo、42CrMo等。　　GB/T8163-1999（输送流体用无缝钢管）。主要用于工程及大型设备上输送流体管道。代表材质（牌号）为20、Q345等。　　GB3087-1999（低中压锅炉用无缝钢管）。主要用于工业锅炉及生活锅炉输送低中压流体的管道。代表材质为10、20号钢。　　GB5310-1995（高压锅炉用无缝钢管）。主要用于电站及核电站锅炉上耐高温、高压的输送流体集箱及管道。代表材质为20G、12Cr1MoVG、15CrMoG等。　　GB5312-1999（船舶用碳钢和碳锰钢无缝钢管）。主要用于船舶锅炉及过热器用I、II级耐压管等。代表材质为360、410、460钢级等。　　GB1479-2000（高压化肥设备用无缝钢管）。主要用于化肥设备上输送高温高压流体管道。代表材质为20、16Mn、12CrMo、12Cr2Mo等。　　GB9948-1988（石油裂化用无缝钢管）。主要用于石油冶炼厂的锅炉、热交换器及其输送流体管道。其代表材质为20、12CrMo、1Cr5Mo、1Cr19Ni11Nb等。　　GB18248-2000（气瓶用无缝钢管）。主要用于制作各种燃气、液压气瓶。其代表材质为37Mn、34Mn2V、35CrMo等。　　GB/T17396-1998（液压支柱用热轧无缝钢管）。主要用于制作煤矿液压支架和缸、柱，以及其它液压缸、柱。其代表材质为20、45、27SiMn等。　　3093-1986（柴油机用高压无缝钢管）。主要用于柴油机喷射系统高压油管。其钢管一般为冷拔管，其代表材质为20A。　　GB/T3639-1983（冷拔或冷轧精密无缝钢管）。主要用于机械结构、碳压设备用的、要求尺寸精度高、表面光洁度好的钢管。其代表材质20、45钢等 GB/T3094-1986（冷拔无缝钢管异形钢管）。主要用于制作各种结构件和零件，其材质为优质碳素结构钢和低合金结构钢。　　GB/T8713-1988（液压和气动筒用精密内径无缝钢管）。主要用于制作液压和气动缸筒用的具有精密内径尺寸的冷拔或冷轧无缝钢管。其代表材质为20、45钢等。　　GB13296-1991（锅炉、热交换器用不锈钢无缝钢管）。主要用于化工企业的锅炉、过热器、热交换器、冷凝器、催化管等。用的耐高温、高压、耐腐蚀的钢管。其代表材质为0Cr18Ni9、1Cr18Ni9Ti、0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti等。　　GB/T14975-1994（结构用不锈钢无缝钢管）。主要用于一般结构（宾馆、饭店装饰）和化工企业机械结构用的耐大气、酸腐蚀并具有一定强度的钢管。其代表材质为0-3Cr13、0Cr18Ni9、1Cr18Ni9Ti、0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti等。　　GB/T14976-1994（流体输送用不锈钢无缝钢管）。主要用于输送腐蚀性介质的管道。代表材质为0Cr13、0Cr18Ni9、1Cr18Ni9Ti、0Cr17Ni12Mo2、0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti等。　　YB/T5035-1993（汽车半轴套管用无缝钢管）。主要用于制作汽车半轴套管及驱动桥桥壳轴管用的优质碳素结构钢和合金结构钢热轧无缝钢管。其代表材质为45、45Mn2、40Cr、20CrNi3A等。无缝钢管用途详细分类汇总

钢管有不同的分类及用途 有缝的钢管叫焊管，按焊缝分为：直缝焊管、螺旋焊管 。 1、按生产方法分类（1）无缝管——热轧管、冷轧管、冷拔管、挤压管、顶管（2）焊管（a）按工艺分——电弧焊管、电阻焊管（高频、低频）、气焊管、炉焊管（b）按焊缝分——直缝焊管、螺旋焊管2、按断面形状分类（1）简单断面钢管——圆形钢管、方形钢管、椭圆形钢管、三角形钢管、六角形钢管、菱形钢管、八角形钢管、半圆形钢圆、其他（2）复杂断面钢管——不等边六角形钢管、五瓣梅花形钢管、双凸形钢管、双凹形钢管、瓜子形钢管、圆锥形钢管、波纹形钢管、表壳钢管、其他3、按壁厚分类——薄壁钢管、厚壁钢管4、按用途分类——管道用钢管、热工设备用钢管、机械工业用钢管、石油、地质钻探用钢管、容器钢管、化学工业用钢管、特殊用途钢管、其他不同用途的钢管按照实际用途及其工作条件的不同，应对钢管尺寸的允许偏差、表面质量、化 学成分、机械性能、工艺性能及其他特殊性能等提出不同的技术条件。 一般无缝钢管用作输送水、气、油等各种流体管道和制造各种结构零件时，应对其机械 性能如抗拉强度、 屈服强度和伸长率作抽样试验。输送管一般在承压的条件下工作，还要求 做水压试验和扩口、压扁、卷边等工艺性能试验。对于大型长输原油、成品油、天然气管线 用钢管更是增加了碳当量、焊接性能、低温冲击韧性、苛刻腐蚀条件下应力腐蚀、腐蚀疲劳 及腐蚀环境下强度等要求。 普通锅炉管用于制造各种结构锅炉的过热蒸汽管和沸水管。 高压锅炉管用于高压或超高 压锅炉的过热蒸汽管、 热交换器和用于高压设备的管道。 上述热工设备用钢管都在不同的高 温高压的条件工作，应保证良好的表面状态、机械性能和工艺性能。一般均要检验其机械性 能，做压扁和水压试验，高压锅炉管还要求做有关晶粒度的检验以及更严格的无损检测。 机械用无缝钢管根据用途要求须有较高的尺寸精度、 良好的机械性能和表面状态。 如轴 承管要求较高的耐磨性、 组织均匀和严格的内、 外径公差。 除做一般的机械性能检验项目外， 还要做低倍、断口、退火组织（球化组织、网状光、带状），非金属夹杂物（氧化物、硫化 物、点状等）、脱碳层及其硬度指标等试验。 化肥工业用高压无缝钢管常在压力为 2200~3200Mpa、 工作温度为-40℃~400℃和腐蚀性 的环境下输送化工介质（如合成、甲醇、尿素等）。化肥工业用高压无缝钢管应具有较强 的抗腐蚀性能、良好的表面状态和机械性能。除做机械性能、压扁和水压试验外，应根据不 同的钢种作相应的精简腐蚀试验、经理度和更严格的无损检测。 石油、地质钻探用钢管在高压、交变应力、腐蚀性的恶劣环境下工作，故应有高的强度 级别，并能抗磨、抗扭和耐腐蚀等性能。按照钢级的不同应做抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率、 冲击韧性及硬度等试验。 对于石油油井用的套管、 油管和钻杆， 更是详细划分了钢级、 类别， 以及适用于不同环境、 地质情况由用户自己选择的较高要求的附加技术条件， 满足不同的特 殊需求。 化工、 石油裂化、 航空和其他机械行业用的各种不锈耐热耐酸管除做机械性能与水压试 验外，还要专门作晶间腐蚀试验，压扁、扩口及无损检测等试验。

紫铜钢管是紫铜的一个种类，包括c1100紫铜钢管、T2进口紫铜钢管、T1紫铜钢管等，随着中国经济的发展，中国紫铜 行业 也是众多紫铜厂商关注的焦点之一。紫铜就是铜单质，因其颜色为紫红色而得名。紫铜就是工业纯铜，其熔点为1083℃，无同素异构转变，相对密度为8.9，为镁的五倍。比普通钢还重约15%。其具有玫瑰红色，表面形成氧化膜后呈紫色，故一般称为紫铜。它是含有一定氧的铜，因而又称含氧铜。1.紫铜钢管的性质紫铜，因呈紫红色而得名。它不一定是纯铜，有时还加入少量脱氧元素或其他元素,以改善材质和性能，因此也归入铜合金。中国紫铜加工材成分可分为：普通紫铜(T1、T2、T3、T4)、无氧铜（TU1、TU2和高纯、真空无氧铜）、脱氧铜（TUP、TUMn）、添加少量合金元素的特种铜（砷铜、碲铜、银铜）四类。紫铜的电导率和热导率仅次于银，广泛用于制作导电、导热器材。紫铜在大气、海水和某些非氧化性酸（盐酸、稀硫酸）、碱、盐溶液及多种有机酸（醋酸、柠檬酸）中，有良好的耐蚀性，用于化学工业。另外，紫铜有良好的焊接性，可经冷、热塑性加工制成各种半成品和成品。20世纪70年代，紫铜的 产量 超过了其他各类铜合金的总 产量 。紫铜中的微量杂质对铜的导电、导热性能有严重影响。其中钛、磷、铁、硅等显著降低电导率,而镉、锌等则影响很小。氧、硫、硒、碲等在铜中的固溶度很小,可与铜生成脆性化合物,对导电性影响不大，但能降低加工塑性。普通紫铜在含氢或一氧化碳的还原性气氛中加热时，氢或一氧化碳易与晶界的氧化亚铜(Cu2O)作用，产生高压水蒸气或二氧化碳气体，可使铜破裂。这种现象常称为铜的“氢病”。氧对铜的焊接性有害。铋或铅与铜生成低熔点共晶，使铜产生热脆；而脆性的铋呈薄膜状分布在晶界时，又使铜产生冷脆。磷能显著降低铜的导电性,但可提高铜液的流动性,改善焊接性。适量的铅、碲、硫等能改善可切削性。紫铜退火板材的室温抗拉强度为22～25公斤力／毫米2,伸长率为45～50％，布氏硬度（HB）为35～45。具有优良的导电性﹑导热性﹑延展性和耐蚀性。主要用于制作发电机﹑母线﹑电缆﹑开关装置﹑变压器等电工器材和热交换器﹑管道﹑太阳能加热装置的平板集热器等导热器材。常用的铜合金分为黄铜﹑青铜﹑白铜3大类。纯净的铜是紫红色的 金属 ，俗称“紫铜”、“红铜”或“赤铜”。 紫铜富有延展性。象一滴水那么大小的纯铜，可拉成长达两公里的细丝，或压延成比床还大的几乎透明的箔。紫铜最可贵的性质是导电性能非常好，在所有的 金属 中仅次于银。但铜比银便宜得多，因此成了电气工业的“主角”。2.紫铜钢管的用途紫铜的用途比纯铁广泛得多，每年有50%的铜被电解提纯为纯铜，用于电气工业。这里所说的紫铜，确实要非常纯，含铜达99.95%以上才行。极少量的杂质，特别是磷、砷、铝等，会大大降低铜的导电率。铜中含氧(炼铜时容易混入少量氧)对导电率影响很大，用于电气工业的铜一般都必须是无氧。铜管质地坚硬，不易腐蚀，且耐高温、耐高压，可在多种环境中使用。与此相比，许多其他管材的缺点显而易见，比如过去住宅中多用的镀锌钢管，极易锈蚀，使用时间不长就会出现自来水发黄、水流变小等问题。还有些材料在高温下的强度会迅速降低，用于热水管时会产生不安全隐患，而铜的熔点高达摄氏1083度，热水系统的温度对铜管微不足道。想要了解更多关于紫铜钢管的信息，请继续浏览上海 有色 网。 

钢管镀锌是提高钢管耐锈蚀性能、装饰美观的一种工艺手法。目前，最常用的钢管镀锌方法是热镀锌。无缝钢管的制造工艺可以分为：热轧（挤压）、冷轧（拔）、热扩钢管这基本的几类。焊管按照制造工艺可以分为：直缝焊接钢管，埋弧焊接钢管、板卷对接焊钢管，焊管热扩钢管。按照钢管的形状可以分为方形管、矩形管、八角形，六角形、D形，五角形等异形钢管。 复杂断面钢管，双凹型钢管，五瓣梅花形钢管，圆锥形钢管，波纹形钢管，瓜子形钢管，双凸形钢管等。按用途分类--管道用钢管、热工设备用钢管、机械工业用钢管、石油、地质钻探用钢管、容器钢管、化学工业用钢管、特殊用途钢管、其他。钢管生产技术的发展开始于自行车制造业的兴起。钢管不仅用于输送流体和粉状固体、交换热能、制造机械零件和容器，它还是一种经济钢材。用钢管制造建筑结构网架、支柱和机械支架，可以减轻重量，节省 金属 20～40％，而且可实现工厂化机械化施工。钢管对国民经济发展和人类生活品质的提高关系甚大，远胜于其他钢材。从人们的日常用具、家具、供排水、供气、通风和采暖设施到各种农机用具的制造、地下资源的开发、国防和航天所用枪炮、子弹、导弹、火箭等都离不开钢管。钢管镀锌能有效地延长钢管的腐蚀时间，使得钢管的利用价值得到提升，目前钢材 市场 的镀锌钢管的 价格 也在小幅度的上涨。