冷轧板卷是以热轧卷为原料，在室温下在再结晶温度以下进行轧制而成，包括板和卷，国内众多钢厂如宝钢、武钢、鞍钢等均可以生产。其中成张交货的称为钢板，也称盒板或平板；长度很长、成卷交货的称为钢带，也称卷板。 生产过程中由于不进行加热，所以不存在热轧常出现的麻点和氧化铁皮等缺陷，表面质量好、光洁度高。而且冷轧产品的尺寸精度高，产品的性能和组织能满足一些特殊的使用要求，如电磁性能、深冲性能等。  　　规格：厚度为0.2-4mm，宽度为600-2 000mm，钢板长度为1 200-6 000mm。  　　牌号：Q195A-Q235A、Q195AF-Q235AF、Q295A(B)-Q345 A(B)；SPCC、SPCD、SPCE、ST12-15;DC01-06  　　性能：主要采用低碳钢牌号，要求具有良好的冷弯和焊接性能，以及一定的冲压性能。 钢号规格（厚*宽*长）冷轧板规格板0.4*1000*C0.5*1250*C0.35*1000*C 1.0*1000*C0.7*1020*C0.3*1000*C 0.4*1000*C1.5*1000*C2.5*1000*C 2.5*1000*C2.0*1250*C1.5*1250*C 1.0*1250*C1.0*1000*C1.0*1000*2000 1.2*1000*20001.5*1000*20000.5*1000*C 2.0*1000*20003.0*1000*20001.0*1250*2000 1.0*1250*25001.2*1250*20001.2*1250*2500 1.5*1250*20001.5*1250*20002.0*1250*2000 2.0*1250*25002.5*1250*20002.5*1250*2500 3.0*1250*20003.0*1250*25001.0*1250*2500 0.35*1000*20000.4*1000*20000.45*1000*2000 0.5*1000*20000.6*1000*20000.7*1000*2000 0.8*1000*20002.0*1000*20001.2*1000*2000 1.5*1000*20001.0*1250*2000

冷轧板带用途很广，如汽车制造、电气产品、机车车辆、航空、精密仪表、食品罐头等。 　　冷轧薄钢板是普通碳素结构钢冷轧板的简称，也称冷轧板，俗称冷板，有时会被误写成冷扎板。冷板是由普通碳素结构钢热轧钢带，经过进一步冷轧制成厚度小于4mm的钢板。由于在常温下轧制，不产生氧化铁皮，因此，冷板表面质量好，尺寸精度高，再加之退火处理，其机械性能和工艺性能都优于热轧薄钢板，在许多领域里，特别是家电制造领域，已逐渐用它取代热轧薄钢板。 　　适用牌号：Q195、Q215、Q235、Q275；SPCC（日本牌号）；ST12（德国牌号） 　　符号：冷轧板的用途 　　1、Q—普通碳素结构钢屈服点（极限）的代号，它是“屈”的第一个汉语拼音字母的大小写；195、215、235、255、275—分别表示它们屈服点（极限）的数值，单位：兆帕MPa（N/mm2）；由于Q235钢的强度、塑性、韧性和焊接性等综合机械性能在普通碳素结构钢中属最了，能较好地满足一般的使用要求，所以应用范围十分广泛。 　　2、S-钢（Steel）、P-板（Plate）、C-冷轧（cold）、第四位C-普通级（common）。 　　3、ST-钢（Steel）、12-普通级冷轧薄钢板、　 　　标记：尺寸精度—尺寸—钢板品种标准 　　冷轧钢板：钢号—技术条件标准 　　标记示例：B-0.57501500-GB708-88；钢板、标准号Q/BQB402，牌号SPCC，热处理状态退火+平整（S），表央加工状态为麻面D，表面质量为FB级的切边（切边EC，不切边EM）钢板、厚度0.5mm，B级精度，宽度1000mm，A级精度，长度2000mm，A级精度，不平度精度为PF.A，则标记为：钢板ECQ/BQB 402-SPCC-SD-FB/（0.51000A2000A-PF.A）； 　　冷轧钢板：Q225-GB912-89 　　主要产地有：宝钢、鞍钢、本钢、武钢、邯钢、包钢、唐钢、涟钢、济钢等 　　冷轧普通薄钢板 ：由普通碳素结构钢或低合金结构钢冷轧制成。冷轧板表面质量较好。具有良好的冲压性能。对其要求要保证冷弯和杯试验合格，常用于汽车等行业和镀层板的原料。 　　冷轧优质薄钢板：主要包括各种优质钢冷轧薄板，最常用的是碳素结构钢板，尤其是深冲压用冷轧薄钢板，是由低碳优质钢08Al冷轧的薄板，钢板按表面质量分为三组；Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ，分别表示特别高级、高级、较高的精整表面,按拉延级别分为ZF、HF、F级（代表用于冲制拉延最复杂、很复杂、复杂的零件）,根据钢板厚度允许偏差，又分为A、B两级精度、广泛用于汽车拖拉机工业。 　　冷轧钢板，表面光洁，加工优良，用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及产业设备、各种建筑材料。随着经济发展，冷轧钢板已被称为现代社会的必须材料。 冷轧产品的分类： 热轧酸洗、轧硬卷、普通冷轧、镀锌（电镀锌、耐指纹、热镀锌）、镀铝锌、电镀锡、彩涂、电工钢（矽钢片）等。 　　1、热轧酸洗：　　2、轧 硬 卷：在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。

冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。镀锌是在装有镀件、玻璃球、锌粉、水和促进剂的旋转滚桶内，作为冲击介质的玻璃球随着滚桶转动，与镀件表面发生摩擦和锤击产生机械物理能量，在化学促进剂的作用下，将镀涂的锌粉“冷焊”到镀件表面上，形成光滑、均匀和细致的具有一定厚度的镀层。镀锌分为热镀锌和电镀锌两种。热镀锌也叫热浸镀锌和热浸锌，是一种有效的 金属 防腐方式，主要用于各 行业 的 金属 结构设施上。是将除锈后的钢件浸入500℃左右融化的锌液中，使钢构件表面附着锌层，从而起到防腐的目的。电镀锌，是利用电解设备将管件经过除油、酸洗、后放入成分为锌盐的溶液中，并连接电解设备的负极，在管件的对面放置锌版，连接在电解设备的正极接通电源，利用电流从正极向负极的定向移动就会在管件上沉积一层锌，冷镀管件是先加工后镀锌。

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在6~13.5吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。产品特点因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。简单来说，冷轧，是在热软板扎的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧→酸洗→冷轧这样的加工过程。冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由热轧经过连续冷变形而成的冷轧，机械性能比较差，硬度太高，必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。化学成分（Wt%）牌号CSiMnPSCuSPCC0.02～0.08≤0.100.15～0.30≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q1950.06～0.12≤0.300.25～0.50≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q235-B0.12～0.20≤0.300.30～0.70≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050制作工序冷轧通常采用众轧的方式。冷轧生产的工序一般包括原料准备、酸洗、轧制、脱脂、退火(热处理)、精整等。冷轧以热轧产品为原料，冷轧前原料要先除磷，以保证冷轧产品的表面洁净。轧制是使材料变形的主要工序。脱脂的目的在于去除轧制时附在轧材上的润滑油脂，以免退火时污染钢材表面，对不锈钢也为防止增碳。退火包括中间退火和成品热处理，中间退火是通过再结晶消除冷变形时产生的加工硬化，以恢复材料的塑性及降低金属的变形抗力。成品热处理的目的除了通过再结晶消除硬化外。还在于根据产品的技术要求以获得所需要的组织(如各种织构等)和产品性能(如深冲、电磁性能等)。精整包括检查、剪切、矫直(平整)、打印、分类包装等内容。冷轧产品有很高的包装要求，以防止产品在运输过程中表面被刮伤。除上述工序外在生产一些特殊产品时还有各自的特殊工序。如轧制硅钢板时，在冷轧前要进行脱碳退火，轧后要进行涂膜、高温退火、拉伸矫直(见张力矫直)与回火等。用于冷轧带刚的轧机有二辊轧机、四辊轧机和多辊轧机。应用最多的是四辊轧机。轧制更薄的产品则要采用多辊轧机。多辊轧机的种类很多，如六辊轧机、偏八辊轧机，十二辊轧机，二十辊轧机等(见轧机)。随着对板形要求的提高，发展了许多改进板形的技术，如弯辊技术、窜辊技术和交叉轧辊技术等。冷轧带钢轧机按机架排列可分为单机可逆或不可逆式与多机连续式两类。前者适用于多品种、少批量或合金钢产品比例大的情况。它投资低、建厂快，但产量低，金属消耗较大。多机架连续轧制适合于产品品种较单一或者变动不大的情况，它有生产效率高、产量大的优点，但投资较大。与热轧带钢(见热连轧宽带钢生产工艺、热轧窄带钢生产)相比，冷轧带钢(见冷板扎带生产)的轧制工艺有以下特点：(1)采用工艺润滑和冷却，以降低轧制时的变形抗力和冷却轧辊；(2)采用大张力轧制，以降低变形抗力和保持轧制过程的稳定。采用的平均单位张力值为材料屈服强度的10%～60%，一般不超过50%；(3)采用多轧程轧制。由于冷轧使材料产生加工硬化，当总变形量达到60%～80%时，继续变形就变得很困难。为此要进行中间退火，使材料软化后轧制得以继续进行。为了得到要求的薄带钢，这样的中间退火可能要进行多次。两次中间退火之间的轧制称为一个轧程。冷轧带钢的退火在有保护气体的连续式退火炉或罩式退火炉中进行(见冷轧板带退火)。冷轧带钢的最小厚度目前可达到0.05mm，冷轧箔材可达到0.001mm。

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板，俗称冷板。　　冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。 　　一般来说，冷轧钢板分为三代产品：沸腾钢为第一代，铝镇静钢为第二代，无间隙原子刚（IF钢）为第三代。   您查询的关键词是：冷轧钢板  。如果打开速度慢，可以尝试快速版；如果想保存快照，可以添加到搜藏。 "冷轧钢板""2,冷轧钢板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.56",,"2.5","6000x1200 7000x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","22.25""0.45",,"4.01",,"2.75",,"24.48""0.5",,"4.45",,"3.0",,"26.70""0.6",,"5.34",,"3.5",,"31.50""0.7",,"6.23",,"4.0",,"35.60""0.8",,"7.12",,"4.5",,"40.05""0.9",,"8.01",,"5.0",,"44.50""1.0",,"8.90",,"5.5",,"48.95""1.1",,"9.79",,"6.0",,"53.40""1.2",,"10.68",,"6.5",,"57.85""1.35",,"12.02",,"7.0",,"62.30""1.5",,"13.35",,"7.5",,"66.75""1.65",,"14.60",,"8.0",,"71.20""1.8",,"16.02",,"9.0",,"80.10""2.0",,"17.80",,"10.0",,"89.00""2.25",,"20.03""冷轧铜条""2,冷轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.20","200~400","500~800","1.78",,"2.50","200~500","500~2000","22.25""0.25",,,"2.23",,"2.75",,,"24.48""0.30",,,"2.67",,"3.00",,"1000~2000","26.70""0.35",,,"3.12",,"3.50",,,"31.15""0.40","200~500","500~2000","3.56",,"4.00",,,"35.60""0.45",,,"4.01",,"4.50",,,"40.05""0.50",,,"4.45",,"5.00",,,"44.50""0.60",,,"5.34",,"5.50",,,"48.95""0.70",,,"6.23",,"6.00",,,"53.40""0.80",,,"7.12",,"6.50",,,"57.85""0.90",,,"8.01",,"7.00",,,"62.30""1.00",,,"8.90",,"8.00",,,"71.20""1.20",,,"10.68",,"9.00",,,"80.10""1.30",,,"11.57",,"10.00",,,"89.00""1.40",,,"12.46",,"11.00",,,"97.90""1.50",,,"13.35",,"12.00",,,"106.8""1.60",,,"14.69",,"13.00",,,"115.7""1.80",,,"16.02",,"14.00",,,"124.6""2.00",,,"17.80",,"15.00",,,"133.5""注 铜板和条(热轧,冷轧)的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4和TU和TUP,其化学成分应符合YB145-71规定""特殊用冷轧黄铜条""3,特殊用冷轧黄铜条(YB555-65)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)""0.20","200~300","500~1000","1.76",,"1.6","200~500","500~2000","14.08""0.25",,,"2.20",,"1.8",,,"15.84""0.30","200~400",,"2.64",,"2.0",,,"17.60""0.35",,,"3.08",,"2.5",,,"22.00""0.40","200~500",,"3.52",,"2.75",,,"24.20""0.45",,,"3.96",,"3.0",,,"26.40""0.50",,"500~2000","4.40",,"3.5",,,"30.80""0.55",,,"4.84",,"4.0",,,"35.20""0.60",,,"5.28",,"4.5",,,"39.60""0.70",,,"6.16",,"5.0",,,"44.00""0.80",,,"7.04",,"5.5",,,"48.40""0.90",,,"7.92",,"6.0",,,"52.80""1.0",,,"8.8",,"6.5",,,"57.20""1.2",,,"10.56",,"7.0",,,"61.60""1.3",,,"11.44",,"8.0",,,"70.40""1.4",,,"12.32",,"9.0",,,"79.20""1.5",,,"13.20",,"10.0",,,"88.00""注 (1)标记举例:用H80制成的,厚度为0.8mm,宽度为300mm,长度为1000mm的1/2硬条标记为:"" 条H80-Y20.8x300x1000YB555-65."" (2)冷轧条分为定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.""多面体的体积和表面积""多面体的体积和表面积""图形",,"尺寸符号",,"重心(G)""立方体",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方体∧棱柱∨",,,,"G0=h/2""三棱柱",,,,"Go=h/2""棱锥",,,,"Go=h/4""棱台""圆柱和空心圆柱∧管∨",,,,"Go=h/2""斜线直圆柱""直圆锥",,,,"Go=h/4""圆台""球",,,,"在球心上""球扇形∧球楔∨",,,,"Go=3/4(r-h/2)""球缺",,,,"Go=3(2r-h)2/4(3r-h)""圆环体∧胎∨",,,,"在环中心上""球带体",,,,"Go=h1+h/2""桶形",,,,"在轴交点上""椭球体",," a,b,c-半轴",,"在轴交点上""交叉圆柱体",,,,"在二轴交点上""梯形体""常用图形求面积,体积公式""常用图形求面积,体积公式""图形",,"尺寸符号","面积(F) 表面积(S)","重心(G)""正方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""三角形",,,,"GB=1/3BD CD=DA""平行四边形",,,,"对角线交点上""任意四边形""正多边形",,,,"在o点上""菱形",,,,"在对角线交点上""梯形""圆形",,,,"在圆心上""椭圆形",,"a·b-主轴","F= (π/4) a·b","在主轴交点G上""扇形""弓形""圆环",,,,"在圆心O""部分圆环""新月形",,,,"O1G=(π-P)L/2P","L d/10","2d/10 3d/10 4d/10","5d/10 6d/10 7d/10 ","8d/10 9d/10","P 0.40","0.79 1.18 1.56","1.91 2.25 2.55","2.81 3.02""抛物线形""等多边形",,," "," 在内,外接圆心处""冷轧黄钢板""4,冷轧黄钢板(YB460-71)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)""0.20","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","1.70",,"2.00","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","17.00""0.25",,"2.13",,"2.25",,"19.13""0.30",,"2.55",,"2.50",,"21.25""0.35",,"2.98",,"2.75",,"23.38""0.40",,"3.40",,"3.00",,"25.50""0.45",,"3.82",,"3.50",,"29.75""0.50",,"4.25",,"4.00",,"34.00""0.60",,"5.10",,"4.50",,"38.20""0.70",,"5.95",,"5.00",,"42.50""0.80",,"6.80",,"5.50",,"46.75""0.90",,"7.65",,"6.00",,"51.00""1.00",,"8.50",,"6.50",,"55.25""1.10",,"9.35",,"7.00",,"59.50""1.20",,"10.20",,"7.50",,"63.75""1.35",,"11.48",,"8.00",,"68.00""1.50",,"12.75",,"9.00",,"76.50""1.65",,"14.03",,"10.00",,"85.00""1.80",,"15.30""注 (1)冷轧软板仅供应H59,H62,H68,H80,H90,H96,HMn58-2,HPb59-1牌号.""(2)冷轧1/2硬板仅供应H62,H65,H68,H90,HMn58-2牌号.""(3)冷轧特硬板仅供应H62牌号.""(4)冷轧板材长度分为:定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.其通常长度为500~2000mm,但长度不得小于宽度.""特殊用冷轧黄钢板""5,特殊用冷轧黄钢板(YB555-65)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.52",,"2.25","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","19.60""0.45",,"3.96",,"2.50",,"22.00""0.50",,"4.40",,"2.75",,"24.20""0.55",,"4.84",,"3.0",,"26.40""0.60",,"5.28",,"3.5",,"30.80""0.70",,"6.16",,"4.0",,"35.20""0.80",,"7.04",,"4.5",,"39.60""0.90",,"7.92",,"5.0",,"44.00""1.0",,"8.80",,"5.5",,"48.40""1.1",,"9.68",,"6.0",,"52.80""1.2",,"10.56",,"6.5",,"57.20""1.35",,"11.88",,"7.0",,"61.60""1.5",,"13.20",,"7.5",,"66.60""1.65",,"14.52",,"8.0",,"70.40""1.8",,"15.84",,"9.0",,"79.20""2.0",,"17.60",,"10.0",,"88.00""注 标记举例:用H90制成的,厚度为2.5mm,宽度为600mm,长度为1200mm的软板标记为:"" 板H90M2.5x600x1200xYB555-65.""铝及铝合金板""6,铝及铝合金板""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)"0.5,"1.40",,"2.5","7.00",,"9.0","25.2",,"25","70.0"0.6,"1.68",,"3.0","8.40",,"10.0","28.0",,"30","84.0"0.8,"2.24",,"3.5","9.80",,"12.0","33.6",,"35","98.0""1.0","2.80",,"4.0","11.20",,"14.0","39.2",,"40","112.0""1.2","3.36",,"5.0","14.00",,"16.0","44.8",,"50","140.0""1.5","4.20",,"6.0","16.80",,"18.0","50.4",,"60","168.0""1.8","5.04",,"7.0","19.60",,"20.0","56.0",,"70","196.0""2.0","5.60",,"8.0","22.40",,"22.0","61.6",,"80","224.0""注 (1)板的宽度有1000,1200和500mm;板的长度有2000,3000和4000mm."" (2)理论重量按LY11,LY12和LD10等牌号铝合金的比重2.8计算,对于其他牌号的铝合金和工业纯铝,应乘以"" 下列换算系数:LD2-0.961;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975;LC4-1.018;工业纯铝-0.967.""铅板""7,铅板(GB1470-79)""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)""1.0","11.37",,"3.0","34.11",,"5.0","56.85",,"9.0","102.33""1.5","17.06",,"3.5","39.80",,"6.0","68.22",,"10.0","113.70""2.0","22.74",,"4.0","45.48",,"7.0","79.59",,"12.0","136.44""2.5","28.43",,"4.5","51.17",,"8.0","90.96",,"16.0","170.55""注 (1)铅的化学成分按GB469-64标准."" (2)板材理论重量按比重为11.34计算,宽度按500mm进张."" (3)板材成卷供应,厚度大于15mm的板材,以片状供应,厚度不大于1.5mm的板材,应用木箱包装.""纯铜带"",纯铜带(YB464-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.05","18~150","≥20","0.44",,"0.50","18~300","≥10","4.45""0.06",,,"0.53",,"0.55",,,"4.90""0.07",,,"0.62",,"0.60",,,"5.34""0.08",,,"0.71",,"0.65",,,"5.79""0.09",,,"0.80",,"0.70",,,"6.23""0.10","18~300",,"0.89",,"0.75",,,"6.68""0.12",,,"1.07",,"0.80",,,"7.12""0.15",,,"1.34",,"0.85",,,"7.57""0.18",,,"1.60",,"0.90",,,"8.01""0.20",,,"1.78",,"1.00",,,"8.90""0.22",,,"1.96",,"1.10",,,"9.79""0.25",,,"2.23",,"1.20",,"≥7","10.68""0.30",,,"2.67",,"1.30",,,"11.57""0.35",,,"3.12",,"14.40",,,"12.46""0.40",,,"3.56",,"1.50",,,"13.35""0.45",,,"4.01""注 纯铜带的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4,TUP,其化学成分符合YB145-71的规定.""铝带""9,铝带""宽 度 (mm)","厚 度 (mm)","3","4","5","6","8","10","12","重 量 (kg/m)""10","0.080","0.107","0.134 0.161 0.268 0.335 0.402 0.536 0.670 0.804 1.072 1.340 1.608","0.161","0.214","0.268","0.322""12","0.096","0.129",,"0.193","0.257","0.322","0.386""15","0.121","0.161",,"0.241","0.322","0.402","0.482""20","0.161","0.214",,"0.322","0.429","0.568","0.643""25","0.201","0.268",,"0.402","0.568","0.670","0.804""30","0.241","0.332",,"0.482","0.643","0.804","0.965""40","0.322","0.429",,"0.643","0.858","1.072","1.286""50","0.402","0.536",,"0.804","1.072","1.340","1.608""60","0.482","0.643",,"0.965","1.286","1.608","1.930""80","0.643","0.858",,"1.286","1.715","2.144","2.573""100","0.804","1.072",,"1.608","2.144","2.680","3.216""120","0.965","1.286",,"1.930","2.573","3.216","3.859""注 表中重量系以LY11,LY12,(比重2.8)为准,其他合金应乘以下列系数:"" L1~L6-0.967;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975.""热轧铜条""1,热轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""4.0","200~500","≥1000","35.60",,"8.0","200~500","≥1000","71.20""4.5",,,"40.05",,"9.0",,,"80.10""5.0",,,"44.05",,"10.0",,,"89.0""5.5",,,"48.95",,"11.0",,,"97.9""6.0",,,"53.40",,"12.0",,,"106.8""6.5",,,"57.85",,"13.0",,,"115.7""7.0",,,"62.30",,"14.0",,,"124.6""7.5",,,"66.75",,"15.0",,,"133.5""英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""(二)英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm""0","0.324","8.230",,"14","0.080","2.032",,"28","0.0148","0.376""1","0.300","7.020",,"15","0.072","1.829",,"29","0.0136","0.345""2","0.276","7.010",,"16","0.064","1.626",,"30","0.0124","0.315""3","0.252","6.401",,"17","0.056","1.422",,"31","0.0116","0.295""4","0.232","5.893",,"18","0.048","1.219",,"32","0.0108","0.274""5","0.212","5.385",,"19","0.040","1.016",,"33","0.0100","0.254""6","0.192","4.877",,"20","0.036","0.914",,"34","0.0092","0.234""7","0.176","4.470",,"21","0.032","0.813",,"35","0.0084","0.213""8","0.160","4.064",,"22","0.028","0.711",,"36","0.0076","0.193""9","0.144","3.658",,"23","0.024","0.610",,"37","0.0068","0.173""10","0.128","3.251",,"24","0.022","0.559",,"38","0.0060","0.152""11","0.116","2.946",,"25","0.020","0.508",,"39","0.0052","0.132"12,"0.104","2.642",,"26","0.018","0.457",,"40","0.0048","0.122"13,"0.092","2.337",,"27","0.0164","0.417",,"41","0.0044","0.112""刺钢丝""三)刺钢丝规格和重量""说 明 和 用 途",,"钢丝划号 (号)","刺间距离 (mm)","每kg长度 (m)","重量 (kg/km)""刺钢丝又名刺铁丝,俗称"花园铅丝"(因常作花园围墙篱笆之用,故名),系以镀锌钢丝经机器铰缠而成(一般用#12或#14钢丝制作).适于作各种围墙(尤其是公园围墙和临时建筑场地 的围墙)篱笆或障碍物用.",,"12","65","6.4","156",,,"75","7.2","139",,,"100","7.9","127",,,"125","8.6","116",,"14","65","10.9","91.8",,,"75","11.5","86.9",,,"100","13.0","76.9",,,"125","14.0","71.4""注 (1)刺钢丝规格的注写方法为"钢丝直径(号数)x尖数x刺间距离",或"钢丝直径(号数)x刺间距离"."" (2)表列刺钢丝的"每kg长度"和"重量",仅供参考.""刻痕钢丝""四)刻痕钢丝规格和重量""直径 (mm)","断面积 (mm2)","重量 (kg/m)"," 抗 拉 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,"屈 服 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,,"I组","II组","I组","II组""2.5","4.90","0.034","190","160","152","128""3","7.06","0.056","180","150","144","120""4","12.56","0.094","170","140","136","112""5","19.63","0.150","160","130","126","104""注 刻痕钢丝是由预应力混凝土结构用碳素钢丝(冷拔高强度钢丝)在经特制的"刻痕机"进行刻痕而制成的"" 预应力钢筋混凝土结构用的钢丝.""钢丝网""五)钢丝网规格和重量""号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)"20,"1.6","1.5",,"6","2.0","6.7",,"2.5","0.7","2.0",,"1","0.3","0.9","3.0","5.1",,"5.5","0.5","0.6",,"2.2","0.45","1.0",,,"0.35","1.2""18","1.6","1.7",,,"1.6","4.7",,,"0.6","1.6",,"0.9","0.25","0.7","3.0","5.7",,,"2.0","7.2",,,"0.8","2.9",,,"0.3","1.0""16","1.6","1.9",,"5","0.7","1.1",,"2","0.4","0.9",,,"0.4","1.6","3.0","6.3",,,"1.4","4.1",,,"0.5","1.3",,"0.8","0.22","0.6""14","1.4","1.7",,,"2.2","8.9",,,"0.6","1.9",,,"0.28","0.9","2.5","4.9",,"4.5","0.5","0.7",,,"1.2","6.0",,,"0.3","1.0""12","1.2","1.4",,,"1.0","2.3",,"1.8","0.4","0.9",,"0.7","0.2","0.6","2.5","5.7",,,"1.8","6.8",,,"0.5","1.4",,,"0.25","0.9""11","1.2","1.5",,"4","0.6","1.0",,,"0.7","2.6",,,"0.30","1.2","2.5","6.1",,,"1.0","2.6",,"1.6","0.3","0.6",,"0.63","0.22","0.7""10","1.0","1.2",,,"1.4","4.8",,,"0.4","1.0",,,"0.25","0.9","2.5","6.6",,"3.5","0.7","1.5",,,"0.45","1.3",,,"0.28","1.2""9","1.0","1.3",,,"1.0","2.9",,"1.4","0.30","0.7",,"0.56","0.22","0.8","2.2","5.7",,,"1.2","4.0",,,"0.35","0.9",,,"0.25","1.0""8","0.7","0.7",,"3.2","0.45","0.7",,,"0.65","2.7",,,"0.28","1.2","1.2","2.1",,,"0.9","2.7",,"1.2","0.28","0.7",,"0.5","0.22","0.9","1.8","4.5",,,"1.2","4.3",,,"0.35","1.0",,,"0.25","1.1""7","0.7","0.8",,"2.8","0.4","0.7",,,"0.4","1.3",,,"0.3","1.5","1.2","2.3",,,"0.7","1.8",,"1.1","0.28","0.7",,"0.45","0.2","0.8","1.8","5.0",,,"1.0","3.6",,,"0.35","1.1",,,"0.25","1.2""6","0.7","0.9",,"2.5","0.4","0.7",,,"0.40","1.4",,,"0.2","0.9","1.2","2.7",,,"0.5","1.1",,"1","0.25","0.7",,"0.4","0.25","1.3""钢板网""六)钢板网规格和重量""品 种","规 格 (mm)",,,,,,"每张大约重量(kg)","生产单位","丝梗厚度 h","孔眼宽度 T","丝梗宽度 b","节 距 t","网面宽度 B","网面长度 L""小","0.5","9","1","25","1800","600","0.875","上海中国钢板网厂",,,,,"2000",,"0.875","0.6","9","1","25","1800","600","1.000",,,,,"2000",,"1.125","0.7","9","1","25","1800","600","1.125",,,,,"2000",,"1.250""网","0.75","9","1","25","1800","600","1.250",,,,,"2000",,"1.375","0.8","9","1","25","1800","600","1.375",,,,,"2000",,"1.500","1","9","1","25","1500","600","1.625",,,,,"1800",,"1.875",,,,,"2000",,"2.125""大","0.5","7","1.2","2.5","1800","2800","5.85","上海中国钢板网厂","1","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","11.70",,"9","1.2","25","1500","3000","7.95",,,,,"1800","3600","11.70",,"9","1.1","25","2000","4000","14.76",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","11.70",,,,,"2000","4000","14.60","1.2","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","14.04",,"9","1.2","25","1800","3600","14.04",,,"1.1","25","2000","4000","17.71",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","14.04""网",,,,,"2000","4000","17.71","1.5","11","1.6","40","1800","3600","17.55",,"17","2.3","65","2000","4000","22.14","2","17","2.3","65","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"22","3.0","75","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"27","3.8","100","2000","4000","29.52","3","36","4.6","115","2000","4000","44.28",,"45","6.1","150""钢丝纱""七)钢丝纱(窗纱)规格和重量""规 格","面 积(m2/卷)","重 量",,"(kg/卷)","(kg/m2)""14目3x100","27.87","12.5","0.448""14目4x100","37.16","16.6","0.448""16目3x100",27.87,13.5,"0.484""16目4x100",37.16,"18.0","0.484""紫铜丝布""(八)紫铜丝布(紫铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","22","2.691",,"30","30","2.5116",,"65","36","1.9734""10","24","2.691",,"35","31","1.9734",,"70","36","1.9734""12","24","3.0498",,"40","32","1.9734",,"75","37","1.9734""16","26","2.1528",,"45","33","1.9734",,"80","37","1.9734""20","27","2.1528",,"50","34","1.9734",,"100","39","1.7940""24","30","2.1528",,"55","35","1.9734""28","30","2.3322",,"60","35","1.7940""黄铜丝布""(九)黄铜丝布(黄铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","24","1.5787",,"24","34","0.8611",,"50","38","0.6458""10","26","1.2375",,"26","34","0.8252",,"60","41","0.3947""12","27","1.2558",,"28","36","0.5386",,"70","42","0.3347""14","27","1.3276",,"30","36","0.5741",,"80","43","0.3767""16","32","0.6100",,"32","36","0.6100",,"90","43","0.4306""18","33","0.6100",,"34","36","0.6279",,"100","43","0.5023""20","33","0.7176",,"36","36","0.7176",,"110","44","0.3347""22","33","0.8611",,"40","36","0.4844",,"120","44","0.4485""铝及铝合金直角角型材""1,铝及铝合金直角角型材(XC111)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b"1,"12","1","0.234","0.065",,"25","25","1.3","0.734","0.204",,"49","38.3","5","3.590","0.998"2,"12","2","0.440","0.122",,"26","25","1.6","0.777","0.216",,"50","38.3","6.3","4.444","1.235"3,"12.5","1.6","0.377","0.105",,"27","25","2","0.964","0.268",,"51","40","2","1.564","0.435"4,"15","1","0.294","0.082",,"28","25","2.5","1.189","0.331",,"52","40","2.5","1.944","0.540"5,"15","1.2","0.353","0.098",,"29","25","3","1.410","0.392",,"53","40","3","2.320","0.645"6,"15","1.5","0.434","0.121",,"30","25","3.2","1.509","0.429",,"54","40","3.5","2.671","0.743"7,"15","2","0.564","0.157",,"31","25","3.5","1.641","0.456",,"55","40","3.5","2.694","0.749"8,"15","3","0.820","0.223",,"32","25","4","1.857","0.516",,"56","40","4","3.057","0.850"9,"16","1.6","0.429","0.119",,"33","25","5","2.242","0.623",,"57","40","5","3.750","1.043"10,"16","2.4","0.726","0.202",,"34","27","2","1.041","0.289",,"58","45","4","3.475","0.961"11,"18","1.5","0.524","0.146",,"35","27","2","1.090","0.303",,"59","45","5","4.277","1.189"12,"18","2","0.684","0.190",,"36","30","1.5","0.884","0.246",,"60","50","3","2.920","0.812"13,"19","1.6","0.585","0.163",,"37","30","2","1.164","0.324",,"61","50","4","3.857","1.072"14,"19","2.4","0.861","0.239",,"38","30","2.5","1.438","0.400",,"62","50","5","4.777","1.328"15,"19","3.2","1.125","0.313",,"39","30","3","1.720","0.478",,"63","50","6","5.655","1.572"16,"20","1","0.397","0.110",,"40","30","4","2.240","0.623",,"64","50","6.5","6.110","1.699"17,"20","1.2","0.473","0.131",,"41","32","2.4","1.491","0.415",,"65","50","12","10.600","2.947"18,"20","1.5","0.584","0.162",,"42","32","3.2","1.957","0.554",,"66","60","5","5.777","1.606"19,"20","2","0.764","0.212",,"43","32","3.5","2.131","0.592",,"67","60","6","6.855","1.906"20,"20","3","1.140","0.137",,"44","32","6.5","3.723","1.036",,"68","75","7","10.010","2.783"21,"20","4","1.475","0.410",,"45","35","3","2.005","0.557",,"69","75","8","11.360","3.158"22,"20.5","1.6","0.633","0.176",,"46","35","4","2.657","0.739",,"70","75","10","14.000","3.892"23,"23","2","0.680","0.245",,"47","38","2.4","1.773","0.498",,"71","90","5","8.750","2.433"24,"25","1.2","0.597","0.166",,"48","38.3","3.5","2.562","0.712",,"72","90","8","13.760","3.825""注 (1)铝及铝合金型材的尺寸,规格等摘自冶金工业部1970年颁发的《铝及铝镁合金挤压型材》."" (2)表内理论重量均按LY12合金比重(2.78)进行计算,其他材料的比重及换算系数如下:L1~L7(2.71)-0.975;"" LF2(2.68)-0.964;LF11(2.65)-0.953;LF21(2.73)-0.982;LD2(2.70)-0.971;"" LY11(2.80)-1.007;LY12(2.78)-1.000."" (3)铝型材主要生产单位有哈尔滨和西北铝加工厂等.西北铝加工厂的产品断面为100~400cm2,宽度小于530mm."" (4)铝及铝合金型材规格的表示方法是型材类别组号加序号,如XC111-4,其中,XC表示型材,后面的数字依次为"" 类别,组号,连字符后的数字为顺序号.""铝及铝合金直丁字型材""2,铝及铝合金直丁字型材(XC211)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"15","25","1","0.405","0.113",,"34","32","45","3","2.259","0.628"2,"19","50","2","1.378","0.383",,"35","32","48","2.4","1.874","0.521"3,"20","20","2","0.760","0.211",,"36","32","50","3","2.423","0.674"4,"20","30","1.5","0.740","0.206",,"37","35","32","1.5","1.000","0.278"5,"20","35","2","1.060","0.295",,"38","35","35","4","2.713","0.754"6,"20","37","2","1.117","0.311",,"39","35","40","2","1.468","0.408"7,"20","42","2","1.200","0.334",,"40","37","42","2","1.500","0.417"8,"20","42","2","1.240","0.345",,"41","38","44","5","3.910","1.087"9,"20","45","2","1.860","0.517",,"42","38","50","3.5","3.026","0.841"10,"20","90","2","2.160","0.600",,"43","38","50","4.8","3.990","1.109"11,"21","53","1.8","1.300","0.361",,"44","39","75","5","5.510","1.532"12,"22","48","1.4","1.960","0.267",,"45","40","36","5","3.350","0.933"13,"25","29","1.6","0.847","0.25",,"46","40","45","3","2.479","0.689"14,"25","35","1.5","0.890","0.247",,"47","40","45","4","3.274","0.910"15,"25","38","2.5","1.510","0.420",,"48","40","68","3","3.300","0.917"16,"25","40","2","1.280","0.356",,"49","40","130","6","9.840","2.736"17,"25","45","2.5","1.726","0.480",,"50","42","64","4","4.100","1.140"18,"25","45","3","2.019","0.561",,"51","45","40","2.2","1.860","0.517"19,"25","45","4","2.708","0.753",,"52","50","70","4","4.640","1.300"20,"25","48","1.4","1.012","0.288",,"53","51","51","2.4","2.443","0.679"21,"25","48","1.5","1.082","0.301",,"54","54","50","3","3.040","0.845"22,"25","50","2","1.499","0.417",,"55","54","68","3","3.608","1.003"23,"25","50","2.5","1.851","0.515",,"56","64","50","5","5.781","1.607"24,"26","38","2.5","1.554","0.432",,"57","63","50","2","2.320","0.645"25,"27","70","2","1.920","0.534",,"58","70","37","2","2.100","0.584"26,"29","38","1.6","1.055","0.293",,"59","70","55","2","2.460","0.684"27,"29","58","2.5","2.180","0.606",,"60","74","66","6","8.080","2.246"28,"29","58","3.5","2.991","0.831",,"61","75","40","3","3.400","0.945"29,"30","40","1.5","1.040","0.289",,"62","80","50","2","2.560","0.712"30,"30","40","2","1.370","0.381",,"63","80","60","3","4.110","1.143"31,"30","45","3","2.150","0.597",,"64","83","50","3","3.953","1.099"32,"30","56","4","3.280","0.912",,"65","90","77","10","15.700","4.365"33,"30","68","6.5","6.100","1.696""热轧铜板""1,热轧铜板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽 度 (mm)",,,,,,,,"理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)","600~900","1000~1200","1300~1500","1600~1800","1900~2200","2300~2500","2600~2800","2900~3000","最 大 长 度 (mm)""5.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"44.50""5.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"48.95""6.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"53.40""6.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"57.85""7.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"62.30""7.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"66.75""8.0","4000","5000","6000","5500","4800","4200","3700","3500","71.20""9.0","4000","5000","6000","5000","4200","3700","3300","3100","80.10""10.0","4000","5000","5500","4500","3800","3300","3000","3000","89.0""11.0","4000","5000","5000","4000","3400","3300","2800",,"97.9""12.0","4000","5000","4500","3800","3100","2800",,,"106.8""13.0","4000","5000","4000","3600","2900",,,,"115.7""14.0","4000","4500","3800","3300","2700",,,,"124.6""15.0","4500","4300","3600","3100","2500",,,,"133.5""16.0","4500","4300","3400","2000","2400",,,,"142.4""17.0","4500","4000","3200","2700","2200",,,,"151.3""18.0","4500","3900","3000","2600",,,,,"160.2""19.0","4500","3700","2800","2400",,,,,"169.1""20.0","4500","3500","2600","2300",,,,,"178.0""21.0","4000","3300","2500","2200",,,,,"186.9""22.0","4000","3000","2400","2100",,,,,"195.8""23.0","4000","3000","2400","2000",,,,,"204.7""24.0","3500","2800","2200","1900",,,,,"213.6""25.0","3500","2800","2000","1800",,,,,"222.5""注 热轧板的宽度按100mm进级.""铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材(XC511)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积 (mm2)","理论重量 (kg/m)","H","B","b"1,"23","38","1.2","1.178","0.327"2,"26","34.5","3.5","3.157","0.875"3,"57","48","8","11.000","3.058"4,"68","38","2.5","3.509","0.976"5,"86","60","6","11.600","3.225""铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材(XC411)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"12.7","15.9","1.6","0.688","0.191",,11,"38","25","3","2.613","0.726"2,"20","15","1.2","0.578","0.163",,12,"44","25","4","3.690","1.001"3,"20","15","1.5","0.721","0.200",,13,"50","19","2.5","2.102","0.584"4,"25","18","1.5","0.885","0.246",,14,"80","30","3","4.020","1.118"5,"25","23","3.5","2.267","0.630",,15,"80","35","4","5.680","1.579"6,"31","25","2.5","1.900","0.528",,16,"80","40","4","6.080","1.690"7,"32","14","1.9","1.000","0.303",,17,"100","30","3","4.620","1.284"8,"34","25","3.5","2.764","0.768",,18,"100","35","4","6.480","1.801"9,"36","26","2.5","2.075","0.577",,19,"100","40","4","6.880","1.913"10,"36","31.5","3.2","2.960","0.823""铝及铝合金槽形型材""3,铝及铝合金槽形型材(XC311)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"13","13","1.6","0.561","0.156",,"31","45","40","3","3.638","1.011"2,"13","34","3.5","2.579","0.717",,"32","46","25","5","4.300","1.195"3,"20","15","1.3","0.620","0.172",,"33","50","20","4","5.331","0.926"4,"21","28","4","2.868","0.797",,"34","50","30","2","2.120","0.589"5,"25","13","2.4","1.134","0.315",,"35","50","30","4","4.131","1.148"6,"25","15","1.5","0.795","0.221",,"36","55","25","5","4.819","1.340"7,"25","18","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"37","55","30","3","3.299","0.917"8,"25","18","2","1.140","0.317",,"38","60","25","4","4.131","1.148"9,"25","20","2.5","1.520","0.423",,"39","60","35","5","6.000","1.668"10,"25","20","4","2.280","0.634",,"40","60","40","4","4.480","1.245"11,"25","25","5","3.250","0.904",,"41","63","38.3","4.8","6.275","1.744"12,"30","15","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"42","64","38","4","5.300","1.473"13,"30","18","1.5","0.960","0.267",,"43","70","25","3","3.449","0.959"14,"30","20","2","1.335","0.371",,"44","70","25","5","5.500","1.529"15,"30","22","6","3.870","1.076",,"45","70","26","3.2","3.700","1.028"16,"32","25","1.8","1.437","0.399",,"46","70","30","4","4.931","1.371"17,"32","25","2.5","1.925","0.535",,"47","70","40","5","7.080","1.968"18,"35","20","2.5","1.770","0.492",,"48","75","45","5","7.831","2.177"19,"35","30","2","1.833","0.510",,"49","80","30","4.5","6.010","1.671"20,"38","50","5","6.560","1.824",,"50","80","35","4.5","6.414","1.783"21,"40","18","2","1.453","0.404",,"51","80","35","6","8.280","2.302"22,"40","18","2.5","1.795","0.499",,"52","80","40","4","6.131","1.704"23,"40","18","3","2.129","0.592",,"53","80","40","6","8.900","2.474"24,"40","21","4","2.960","0.823",,"54","80","60","4","7.480","2.079"25,"40","25","2","1.730","0.481",,"55","90","50","6","10.680","2.969"26,"40","25","3","2.549","0.709",,"56","100","40","6","10.080","2.802"27,"40","30","3.5","3.250","0.904",,"57","100","48","6.3","11.550","3.211"28,"40","32","3","2.978","0.828",,"58","100","50","5","9.580","2.663"29,"40","50","4","5.280","1.468",,"59","128","40","9","17.100","4.754"30,"45","20","3","2.370","0.659""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管1""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","0.25","0.30","0.40","0.50","0.60","0.80","1.0","1.2",1.4,"1.5",1.6,1.8,"2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""50",,,,,,,"1.21","1.44","1.68","1.79","1.91","2.14","2.37","2.59","2.93","3.25","3.48","3.70","4.01","4.54","5.05","5.55""(51)",,,,,,,"1.23","1.47","1.71","1.83","1.96","2.18","2.42","2.64","2.99","3.32","3.55","3.79","4.10","4.64","5.16","5.67""53",,,,,,,"1.28","1.53","1.78","1.91","2.03","2.27","2.52","2.76","3.11","3.46","3.70","3.94","4.27","4.83","5.38","5.92""(54)",,,,,,,"1.31","1.59","1.82","1.94","2.07","2.31","2.56","2.81","3.18","3.53","3.77","4.02","4.36","4.93","5.49","6.04""56",,,,,,,"1.36","1.62","1.89","2.02","2.15","2.40","2.66","2.92","3.30","3.66","3.92","4.17","4.53","5.13","5.71","6.29""(57)",,,,,,,"1.38","1.65","1.92","2.05","2.18","2.45","2.71","2.97","3.36","3.74","4.00","4.25","4.62","5.23","5.83","6.41""60",,,,,,,"1.46","1.74","2.02","2.16","2.31","2.58","2.86","3.13","3.55","3.94","4.22","4.49","4.88","5.52","6.16","6.78""63",,,,,,,"1.53","1.83","2.13","2.27","2.42","2.71","3.01","3.30","3.72","4.15","4.44","4.73","5.13","5.81","6.49","7.14""65",,,,,,,"1.58","1.89","2.20","2.35","2.50","2.80","3.11","3.40","3.85","4.29","4.59","4.89","5.31","6.02","6.71","7.40""(68)",,,,,,,"1.65","1.98","2.36","2.46","2.62","2.93","3.26","3.57","4.04","4.49","4.81","5.12","5.57","6.31","7.05","7.77""70",,,,,,,"1.70","2.03","2.37","2.53","2.70","3.02","3.35","3.68","4.16","4.36","4.96","5.23","5.74","6.51","7.27","8.01""(73)",,,,,,,"1.78","2.12","2.47","2.64","2.82","3.16","3.50","3.84","4.35","4.84","5.18","5.52","6.00","6.81","7.60","8.38""75",,,,,,,"1.82","2.18","2.54","2.71","2.90","3.24","3.60","3.95","4.46","4.97","5.32","5.68","6.17","7.00","7.82","8.62""(76)",,,,,,,"1.85","2.21","2.57","2.76","2.94","3.29","3.65","4.00","4.53","5.05","5.40","5.75","6.26","7.10","7.93","8.75""80",,,,,,,,,"2.71","2.90","3.09","3.47","3.84","4.22","4.77","5.32","5.69","6.07","6.60","7.49","8.37","9.24""(83)",,,,,,,,,"2.82","3.02","3.21","3.60","4.00","4.37","4.96","5.52","5.92","6.31","6.86","7.79","8.71","9.62""85",,,,,,,,,"2.88","3.08","3.29","3.69","4.09","4.48","5.08","5.66","6.06","6.46","7.04","7.98","8.93","9.83""(89)",,,,,,,,,"3.02","3.24","3.45","3.86","4.29","4.70","5.33","5.94","6.36","6.77","7.38","8.38","9.38","10.33""90",,,,,,,,,"3.05","3.27","3.49","3.91","4.34","4.76","5.39","6.01","6.43","6.86","7.47","8.47","9.49","10.47""95",,,,,,,,,"3.21","3.46","3.68","4.13","4.59","5.02","5.70","6.36","6.81","7.26","7.90","8.98","10.04","11.10"100,,,,,,,,,"3.40","3.64","3.88","4.35","4.83","5.30","6.00","6.70","7.17","7.65","8.32","9.46","10.59","11.70""(102)",,,,,,,,,"3.46","3.73","3.97","4.45","4.93","5.40","6.13","6.84","7.32","7.81","8.50","9.67","10.82","11.96""(108)",,,,,,,,,"3.67","3.95","4.21","4.72","5.23","5.74","6.50","7.25","7.77","8.29","9.02","10.26","11.49","12.70"110,,,,,,,,,"3.74","4.03","4.28","4.81","5.32","5.84","6.62","7.39","7.92","8.43","9.19","10.46","11.70","12.93"120,,,,,,,,,,"4.36","4.66","5.25","5.83","6.38","7.24","8.07","8.66","9.22","10.06","11.44","12.93","14.30"125,,,,,,,,,,,,"5.46","6.06","6.64","7.54","8.42","9.02","9.61","10.50","11.91","13.37","14.80"130,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"7.86","8.78","9.40","10.00","10.92","12.43","13.92","15.48""(133)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"8.05","8.98","9.59","10.25","11.18","12.75","14.26","15.75"140,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.11","10.79","11.80","13.42","15.05","16.65"150,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.85","11.52","12.65","14.39","16.11","17.85"160,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"13.53","15.38","17.25","19.09"170,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"14.31","16.31","18.35","20.30"180,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"15.20","17.30","19.50","21.59"190,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"18.29","20.60","22.80"200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"19.67","21.65","24.00""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管2""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","5.5","6.0","6.5","7.0","7.5","8.0","8.5","9","9.5","10",11,12,"钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""5""6""7""8""9""10","0.518","0.536","0.561""11","0.592","0.615","0.647""12","0.666","0.694","0.734","0.789""(13)","0.740","0.774","0.820","0.888""14","0.814","0.852","0.906","0.986""(15)","0.888","0.932","0.993","1.09","1.17","1.23""16","0.962","1.10","1.08","1.18","1.28","1.35""(17)","1.04","1.09","1.17","1.28","1.39","1.48""18","1.11","1.17","1.25","1.38","1.50","1.60""(19)","1.18","1.25","1.34","1.48","1.61","1.73","1.54","1.92""20","1.26","1.33","1.42","1.58","1.72","1.85","1.97","2.07""(21)","1.33","1.41","1.51","1.68","1.83","1.97","2.10","2.22""22","1.41","1.49","1.60","1.77","1.94","2.10","2.24","2.37""(23)","1.48","1.57","1.68","1.87","2.05","2.22","2.37","2.52""(24)","1.55","1.64","1.77","1.97","2.16","2.34","2.51","2.66","2.81","2.93""25","1.63","1.72","1.86","2.07","2.28","2.47","2.64","2.81","2.97","3.11""(27)","1.78","1.88","2.03","2.27","2.50","2.71","2.92","3.11","3.29","3.45""28","1.85","1.96","2.11","2.37","2.61","2.84","3.05","3.26","3.45","3.68""29","1.92","2.02","2.20","2.47","2.72","2.96","3.19","3.40","3.60","3.80","3.98""30","2.00","2.12","2.29","2.56","2.83","3.08","3.32","3.55","3.77","3.97","4.16","4.34""32","2.15","1.28","2.46","2.76","3.05","3.33","3.59","3.85","4.09","4.32","4.53","4.74""34","2.29","2.43","2.63","2.96","3.27","3.58","3.87","4.14","4.41","4.66","4.90","5.13""(35)","2.37","2.51","2.72","3.06","3.38","3.70","4.00","4.29","4.57","4.83","5.09","5.33""36","2.44","2.59","2.81","3.16","3.50","3.82","4.14","4.44","4.73","5.01","5.27","5.52""38","2.59","2.75","2.98","3.35","3.72","4.07","4.41","4.74","5.05","5.35","5.64","5.92","6.18","6.44""40","2.74","2.91","3.15","3.55","3.94","4.32","4.68","5.03","5.37","5.70","6.01","6.31","6.60","6.88""42","2.89","3.07","3.32","3.75","4.16","4.56","4.95","5.33","5.69","6.04","6.38","6.71","7.02","7.32""44.5","3.07","3.25","3.54","4.00","4.44","4.87","5.29","5.70","6.09","6.47","6.84","7.20","7.55","7.88""45","3.11","3.31","3.58","4.04","4.49","4.93","5.36","5.77","6.17","6.56","6.94","7.30","7.65","7.99","8.32","8.63""48","3.33","3.54","3.84","4.34","4.83","5.30","5.76","6.21","6.65","7.08","7.49","7.89","8.28","8.66","9.03","9.57""水,煤气输送钢管""1,水,煤气输送钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)234-63]""公称内径",,"钢 管 螺 纹",,"外径 (mm)","普通管",,"加厚管""mm","(in.)",,"壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)","壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)""6","1/8''","10","2","0.89","2.50","0.46""8","1/4''","13.5","2.25","0.62","2.75","0.73""10","3/8''","17","2.25","0.82","2.75","0.97""15","1/2''","21.25","2.75","1.25","3.25","1.44""20","3/4''","26.75","2.75","1.63","3.5","2.01""25","1''","33.5","3.25","2.42","4","2.91""32","1 1''/4","42.25","3.25","3.13","4","3.77""40","1 1''/2","48","3.5","3.84","4.25","4.58""50","2''","60","3.5","4.88","4.5","6.16""70","2 1''/2","75.5","3.75","6.64","4.5","7.88""80","3''","88.5","4","8.34","4.75","9.81""100","4''","114","4","10.85","5","13.44""125","5''","140","4.5","15.04","5.5","18.24""150","6''","165","4.5","17.81","5.5","21.63""注(1)表列钢管是适用于输送水,煤气及采暖系统等用的钢管.分镀锌和不镀锌(黑管)两种;又分带螺纹和"" 不带螺纹两种;按壁厚可分为普通钢管,加厚钢管和薄壁钢管."" (2)钢管的长度规定为:无螺纹的黑管4~12m;带螺纹的黑管和镀锌管4~9m.每批允许有10%的(按根数计算)"" 2~4m长的短尺钢管或4~9m米长的接管(即用一个管接头将两根钢管连接而成)."" (3)经供需双方协议,可供应定尺长度或倍尺长度的钢管.其最大长度可到8m.按倍尺交货的钢管,每个单"" 倍尺应留切口5~10mm."" (4)钢管用易焊接的软钢制造,钢号和制造方法(炉焊或电焊)均由制造厂选择."" (5)钢管应能承受下列规定压力的水压试验:普通钢管和薄壁钢管:20kg/cm2;加厚钢管30kg/cm2.""电丝套管""2,电丝套管规格,重量表""名称","外径 (mm)","近似内径 (mm)","管壁厚度 (mm)","重量 (kg/m)","每吨长度 (m/t)""5/8''","15.9","12.3","1.8","0.626","1597.44""3/4''","19.1","15.5","1.8","0.627","1302.08""1''","25.4","21.8","1.8","0.628","954.20""1 1''/4","31.8","28.2","1.8","0.629","750.75""1 1''/2","38.1","34.5","1.8","0.630","620.73""电焊钢管""电焊钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)242-68]""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)",0.5,0.6,0.8,"1.0","1.2","1.4","1.5","1.6","1.8","2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","3.8","4.0",4.2,4.5,4.8,"5.0",5.5,"钢 管 的 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""(5)","0.055","0.065","0.083","0.099""(6)","0.068","0.080","0.108","0.123""(7)","0.080","0.095","0.122","0.148""(8)","0.092","0.110","0.142","0.173","(0.202)""(9)","0.105","0.125","0.162","0.197","0.231""10","0.117","0.139","0.182","0.222","(0.261)""(11)","0.129","0.154","0.201","0.247","0.290""12","0.142","0.169","0.221","0.271","0.320","0.365","(0.388)","0.411""(13)",,"0.184","0.241","0.296","0.349","0.400","0.425","0.451""(14)",,"0.199","0.260","0.321","0.379","0.434","0.462","0.490""15",,"0.214","0.280","0.345","0.409","0.468","(0.499)","0.529""16",,"0.228","0.300","0.370","0.438","0.503","(0.536)","0.568""(17)",,"0.244","0.320","0.395","0.468","0.537","0.573","0.608""18",,"0.258","0.340","0.419","0.497","0..572","(0.610)","0.647","(0.717)","(0.789)""(19)",,"0.274","0.359","0.444","0.527","0

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在20-40吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。　　　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。　　　　简单来说，冷轧，是在热轧板卷的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧---酸洗---冷轧这样的加工过程。　　　　冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由于热轧经过连续冷变型而成的冷轧，在机械性能比较差，硬度太高。必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。　　　　冷轧一般都会经过退火处理。

冷轧薄钢板，简称冷轧钢板、冷轧薄板、冷轧板、冷板等。它还包括不锈钢板、弹簧钢板、硬钢片、镀锌板、镀锡板、镀铝板等。冷轧薄钢带，简称冷轧钢带、冷轧带钢、钢带、带钢、薄钢带、冷轧卷等。还包括不锈钢带、镀锌钢带、镀锡钢带等。 冷轧钢板标准 冷轧薄钢板、钢带（以下简称冷轧薄板）主要用于零件的冲压加工，而冷轧薄板的力学性能十分重要，它直接关系到板材的冲压性能。冷轧薄板是以不同的热处理状态分级的，不同硬度的材料，用于不同的加工方法，国家标准GB/T 13237-1991《优质碳素结构钢冷轧薄钢板和钢带》将冷轧薄板大致分为三级，P级用于普通冲压，S级用于深度冲压，Z级用于最深度冲压。中国冶金标准YB/T 5059-1993《低碳钢冷轧钢带》将薄钢板按硬度分为五级，即：TR（特级）、R（软）、BR（半软）、DY（低硬）和Y（冷硬）。其实通过一定的冷轧变形程度和冷轧后热处理的恰当配合，可以在广泛的范围内满足用户关于材料力学性能方面的要求。冷轧薄板根据用户加工上的要求可以分成更多的级别。例如：日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》的分类除分为一般用（spcc）、冲压用(spcd)和深冲压用（spce）三类外，还细分为退火、标准调质、1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬、全硬等级别。 在冷轧薄板力学性能的检测方面，一些标准只规定了拉伸试验，另一些标准除拉伸试验外还规定了硬度试验。 中国标准GB/T 13237-1991就只规定了拉伸试验，技术要求冷轧钢板标准如表一所示：牌号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率不小于拉延级别Z－S和PZSP08F275～365275～38034323008,08Al,10F275～390275～41032302810295～410295～43030392815F315～430315～45029282715335～450335～47027262520355～490335～50026252425——390～540——242330——440～590——222135——490～635——201940——510～650————1845——530～680————1650——540～715————14 日本标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》（该标准中包含了冷轧薄钢板和钢带）规定了拉伸试验，也规定了硬度试验，该标准的力学性能要求如下：表二：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的拉伸试验质牌号抗拉强度/MPa 不小于 伸长率/%不小于试样按以下公称厚度/mm>=0.250.250.400.601.01.6>=2.5SPCC SPCD SPCE(270) 270 270(32) 34 36(34) 36 3836 38 40　 37 39 41 　　 (38) 40 42 　39 41 435号试样轧制方向 表三：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的硬度值。调质区分符号 硬度最大HRBHV退火A57105标准调质S65115 注：厚度小于0.6mm的钢板和钢带，原则上不进行拉伸试验。 表四：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬材料的拉伸试验值。调质区分 符号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率/%最小试样1/8硬8294～410255号试样轧制方向1/4硬4370～490101/2硬2440～590——硬1>=550——     表五：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬状态的硬度值。调质区分符号HRBHV1/8硬 1/4硬8450～7165～8095～130 115～1501/2硬 硬2174～89 ≥85135～185 ≥170注：HRB和HV，仅选用其中之一。英国标准BS 1449/1.9-1991《厚板、薄板和钢带第一部分：碳素钢和碳锰钢厚板、薄板和钢带具有成形性能的冷轧窄钢带技术条件》对冷轧板分级为CS1（铝镇静稳定化超深冲）、CS2（超深冲）、CS3（深冲）、CS4（折边）、CS15（商品级）。这项标准的力学性能要求如表六所示： 表六：钢材交货时的力学性能轧制状态和级别退火（A）或平整冷轧（SP）状态硬度HV1)2)最大屈服强度Re1)/MPa最小抗拉强度Rm1)/MPa最小伸长率A1)/%最小弯心直径1)（180°弯曲）原始标距LO50mm80mmCS1A9514027038（36）0aSP10514027036（34）0aCS2A9514027036（34）0a SP10014027036（34）0aCS3A100（140）（280）（34）（32）0aSP110（140）（280）（34）（32）0aCS4A105（140）（280）——0aSP115（140）（280）——0a 注：1）窄钢带交货应符合，或者硬度和弯曲试验，或者拉伸和弯曲试验，但硬度和拉伸试验不应同时进行。     2）对于SP（平整冷轧）状态，与镀层精整（PL）或镜面光洁度（MF），或以“无拉伸痕”交货的钢材组合，最大硬度可以提高5个HV或抗拉强度可以提高20MPa。     3）牌号CS2、CS3和CS4的硬度值仅适用于沸腾钢。 如上所述冷轧薄板的力学性能可以通过拉伸试验来检测，也可以通过硬度试验来检测。由于硬度试验设备简单、易于掌握，试验效率高，并且金属硬度与强度之间有一定的对应关系，所以硬度检测是确定材料力学性能的更方便的方法。冷轧薄板的硬度检测可以用于冷轧板生产过程的质量控制，更适于生产冲压产品的厂家对原材料进行力学性能的复检。 日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996规定的硬度试验是洛氏硬度HRB和维氏硬度HV。维氏硬度试验可用于冷轧薄板，但洛氏硬度HRB却不适用于测试薄板材料。因为当板材厚度小于2mm时，测试HRB硬度可能会因为发生“测砧效应”而使测量的硬度值失准。对于薄板材料，可以测试表面洛氏硬度HRN或HRT，然后换算成HRB或HV硬度。冷轧钢板标准生产了一种便携式表面洛氏硬度计，它非常适合测试薄板和钢带材料，它可以在生产现场、销售现场或材料仓库快速进行冷轧薄板材料的洛氏硬度检测，完成一次测量仅需要10秒钟时间，检测的板材厚度范围为0.05-50mm。这种仪器可以用在冷轧薄板带的生产线上，对产品的热处理效果进行在线的质量控制。这种仪器更适用于冲压产品的生产厂家。可以用它对购入的板材硬度进行复检，可以携带它去钢材市场选购材料，也可以利用它对自己厂生产的冲压产品进行硬度检测。 这种仪器如果配上一个支承座，还可以放到办公桌上使用。可以对成批的成品或半成品工件做逐件检测。它的测试精度与台式洛氏硬度计相同。 目前冷轧薄带材料正在向超薄方向发展，据报道，上海宝钢已扎制出厚度为0.08mm的冷轧薄板带材。采用本所生产的PHR-1S型表面洛氏硬度计，配一个金刚点砧座，就可测试薄至0.05mm冷轧薄板带材料的硬度。 这种应用完全可以取代维氏硬度计，使冷轧薄板材料的力学性能检测实现快速、简便、经济。

冷轧镀锌板，是一种镀锌钢板。钢板按轧制分为热轧和冷轧两种。冷轧板是平板状的，矩形的，可直接轧制而成的。冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧和热轧的区别： 1、冷轧成型钢允许截面出现局部屈曲，从而可以充分利用杆件屈曲后的承载力；而热轧型钢不允许截面发生局部屈曲。2、热轧型钢和冷轧型钢残余应力产生的原因不同，所以截面上的分布也有很大差异。冷弯薄壁型钢截面上的残余应力分布是弯曲型的，而热扎型钢或焊接型钢截面上残余应力分布是薄膜型。3、热轧型钢的自由扭转刚度比冷轧型钢高，所以热轧型钢的抗扭性能要优于冷轧型钢。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。冷轧镀锌板用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及 产业 设备、各种建筑材料。

怎样添加黄铜的硬度？黄铜怎样自己硬度？黄铜是咱们日子中常见的一种金属合金，在咱们印象中，黄铜的硬度一般都是不高的，相关于其他金属合金来说比较软，那么，有没有什么方法能够添加黄铜的硬度呢？下面小编就为我们带来添加黄铜硬度的！黄铜　　怎样添加黄铜的硬度？在铝黄铜中添加微量钴研讨微量钴、冶炼铸造技术及制作技术参数对轧制法加工的带材的机械功能的影响.探究选用铝黄铜代替现在广泛运用的弹性铜合金材料.锡磷青铜的可行性.　　研讨结果显现:钴能有用削减铸态合金的晶粒尺度、改动晶粒的形状,进步合金的抗拉强度、硬度,并确保合金具有较好的延展性.铝黄铜中添加0.4%钴.选用合理的制作技术加工出的黄铜带具有比锡磷青铜更优异的功能,0.25mm厚的带材,其抗拉强度可达840.4MPa,伸长率为2.8%,维氏硬度值为228,比特硬状况的QSn6.5-0.1带材的抗拉强度最大值(805MPa)进步了4.4%,满意弹性元件的运用要求;一起,因为该黄铜中含有22.7%的锌,可有用下降成本,具有实践使用价值.　　黄铜管是由铜和锌所组成的合金。假如仅仅由铜、锌组成的黄铜就叫作普通黄铜。假如是由二种以上的元素组成的多种合金就称为特殊黄铜。如由铅、锡、锰、镍、铅、铁、硅组成的铜合金。黄铜有较强的耐磨功能。特殊黄铜又名特种黄铜，它强度高、硬度大、耐化学腐蚀性强。还有切削制作的机械功能也较杰出。由黄铜所拉成的无缝铜管，质软、耐磨功能强。黄铜无缝管可用于热交换器和冷凝器、低温管路、海底运送管。制作板料、条材、棒材、管材，铸造零件等。含铜在62%～68%，塑性强，制作耐压设备等。　　怎样添加黄铜的硬度？依据黄铜中所含合金元素品种的不同，黄铜分为普通黄铜和特殊黄铜两种。压力制作用的黄铜称为变形黄铜。　　1.普通黄铜管　　(1)普通黄铜的室温安排普通黄铜是铜锌二元合金，其含锌量改变规模较大，因而其室温安排也有很大不同。依据Cu-Zn二元状况图(图6)，黄铜的室温安排有三种：含锌量在35%以下的黄铜，室温下的显微安排由单相的α固溶体组成，称为α黄铜;含锌量在36%～46%规模内的黄铜，室温下的显微安排由(α+β)两相组成，称为(α+β)黄铜(两相黄铜);含锌量超越46%～50%的黄铜，室温下的显微安排仅由β相组成，称为β黄铜。　　(2)压力制作功能α单相黄铜管(从H96至H65)具有杰出的塑性，能接受冷热制作，但α单相黄铜在铸造等热制作时易呈现中温脆性，其详细温度规模随含Zn量不同而有所改变，一般在200～700℃之间。因而，热制作时温度应高于700℃。单相α黄铜中温脆性区发作的原因主要是在Cu-Zn合金系α相区内存在着Cu3Zn和Cu9Zn两个有序化合物，在中低温加热时发作有序改变，使合金变脆;别的，合金中存在微量的铅、铋有害杂质与铜构成低熔点共晶薄膜散布在晶界上，热制作时发作晶间决裂。实践标明，参加微量的铈能够有用地消除中温脆性。　　含锌量大于46%～50%的β黄铜因功能硬脆，不能进行压力制作。　　(3)机械功能黄铜中因为含锌量不同，机械功能也不一样，图7是黄铜的机械功能随含锌量不同而改变的曲线。关于α黄铜，跟着含锌量的增多，σb和δ均不断增高。关于(α+β)黄铜，当含锌量添加到约为45%之前，室温强度不断进步。若再进一步添加含锌量，则因为合金安排中呈现了脆性更大的r相(以Cu5Zn8化合物为基的固溶体)，强度急剧下降。(α+β)黄铜的室温塑性则一直随含锌量的添加而下降。所以含锌量超越45%的铜锌合金无实用价值。　　2.特殊黄铜　　为了进步黄铜的耐蚀性、强度、硬度和切削性等，在铜-锌合金中参加少数(一般为1%～2%，少数达3%～4%，极个别的达5%～6%)锡、铝、锰、铁、硅、镍、铅等元素，构成三元、四元、乃至五元合金，即为杂乱黄铜，亦称特殊黄铜。　　铅黄铜：铅实践不溶于黄铜内，呈游离质点状况散布在晶界上。铅黄铜按其安排有α和(α+β)两种。α铅黄铜因为铅的有害效果较大，高温塑性很低，故只能进行冷变形或热挤压。(α+β)铅黄铜在高温下具有较好的塑性，可进行铸造。　　锡黄铜：黄铜中参加锡，可明显进步合金的耐热性，特别是进步抗海水腐蚀的才能，故锡黄铜有“水兵黄铜”之称。锡能溶入铜基固溶体中，起固溶强化效果。可是跟着含锡量的添加，合金中会呈现脆性的r相(CuZnSn化合物)，不利于合金的塑性变形，故锡黄铜的含锡量一般在0.5%～1.5%规模内。　　常用的锡黄铜有HSn70-1，HSn62-1，HSn60-1等。前者是α合金，具有较高的塑性，可进行冷、热压力制作。后两种牌号的合金具有(α+β)两相安排，并常呈现少数的r相，室温塑性不高，只能在热态下变形。　　锰黄铜：锰在固态黄铜中有较大的溶解度。黄铜中参加1%～4%的锰，可明显进步合金的强度和耐蚀性，而不下降其塑性。　　锰黄铜具有(α+β)安排，常用的有HMn58-2，冷、热态下的压力制作功能相当好。　　铁黄铜：铁黄铜中，铁以富铁相的微粒分出，作为晶核而细化晶粒，并能阻挠再结晶晶粒长大，然后进步合金的机械功能和技术功能。铁黄铜中的铁含量通常在1.5%以下，其安排为(α+β)，具有高的强度和耐性，高温下塑性很好，冷态下也可变形。常用的牌号为Hfe59-1-1。　　镍黄铜：镍与铜能构成接连固溶体，明显扩展α相区。黄铜中参加镍可明显进步黄铜在大气和海水中的耐蚀性。镍还能进步黄铜的再结晶温度，促进构成更细的晶粒。   以上便是今日小编为我们带来的关于“怎样添加黄铜的硬度”的介绍，期望能对各位有所协助。拓宽阅览：黄铜管体积的计算方法黄 铜价 格一斤？h85黄铜棒化学成分及其使用【组图】h65黄铜板特色及其应用范围【组图】铜及铜合金的标准－板材标准 

紫铜的硬度根据它的不同品种各有大小，现在 市场 上有很多测量紫铜硬度的仪器。WBB75是轻便的紫铜硬度计，可以现场快速测试软 金属 硬度的仪器。测试迅速，简便，一卡即可，硬度值直接读出，符合中国 有色 标准YS/T471。 WBB75系列铜合金韦氏硬度计可以测试型材、管材和板材，测试过程对工件无损伤，并且不必取样。特别适于在生产现场、销售现场或施工现场对产品进行快速无损的硬度检查。 WBB75适于测试黄铜和超硬铝合金材料。 WBB75适于测试退火黄铜和紫铜上材料。 W－B75b、W－BB75b型仪器分别是W－B75和W－BB75型仪器的细管专用型，仪器砧座减小到Ф5.8mm，可测试内径6mm以上的细管材。 标准硬度块经过标准硬度机的检测，附有检测报告。WBB75紫铜硬度计用 途* 确定工件有无热处理，检查热处理效果，判定工件力学性能是否合格。* 测试不便送到实验室的过长、过重工件或装配件。* 确定工件是否为不适当的合金加工而成，判定材料合金成份是否合格。* 区分材料的硬度级别。判断材料的退火、1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬、全硬等各种热处理状态。 WBB75紫铜硬度计主要技术参数 量 程：0-20HW 精 度：0.5HW 重 量：0.5kg 试样尺寸：厚 度：0.4mm-6mm 管材内径：?10mm以上 WBB75紫铜硬度计标准配置 主 机： 1台 标准硬度块： 1块 校正 扳手： 1个 备用 压针： 1支 小螺 丝刀： 1个 仪 器 箱： 1个 WBB75紫铜硬度计可选附件标准硬度块 ） 备用压针 表头玻璃片 仪器选型型号 试样范围/直径 mm 净重 Kg 总重 Kg 包装尺寸 mm W-B75 厚度：0.4 ～6mm，内径≥10mm 0.5 1.1 280×230×80 W-BB75 厚度：0.4 ～6mm，内径≥10mm 0.5 1.1 280×230×80 W-B75b 厚度：0.4 ～6mm，内径≥6mm 0.5 1.1 280×230×80 W-BB75b 厚度：0.4 ～6mm，内径≥6mm 0.5 1.1 280×230×80想要了解更多关于紫铜硬度的信息，请继续浏览上海 有色 网。

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板。冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，冷轧钢板的密度不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。冷轧钢板的密度：热轧钢板含碳量可比冷轧钢板略高些。在成份相持不大的情况下密度是一样的。但如果成份相差悬殊，如不锈钢不论冷轧、热轧密度都在7.9g/cm3左右。具体还要看成份，热轧只是延展性更好，钢材同样受到压力作用

白铜硬度先看白铜的介绍：     白铜是以镍为主要添加元素的铜基合金，呈银白色，有 金属 光泽，故名白铜。铜镍之间彼此可无限固溶形成连续固溶体，即不论彼此的比例多少，而恒为α--单相合金。当把镍熔入红铜里，含量超过16％以上时，产生的合金色泽就变得洁白如银，镍含量越高，颜色越白。白铜中镍的含量一般为25%。优势与缺点：    纯铜加镍能显著提高强度、耐蚀性、硬度、电阻和热电性，并降低电阻率温度系数。因此白铜较其他铜合金机械及物理性能都异常良好，延展性好、硬度高、色泽美观、耐腐蚀、富有深冲性能，被广泛使用于造船、石油化工、电器、仪表、医疗器械、装饰工艺品等领域，并还是重要的电阻及热电偶合金。白铜的缺点是主要添加元素——镍属于稀缺的战略物资， 价格 昂贵。分类：一、复杂白铜：    加有锰、铁、锌、铝等元素的白铜合金称复杂白铜（即三元以上的白铜），包括铁白铜、锰白铜、锌白铜和铝白铜等。在复杂白铜中，第二个主要元素符号及铜含量以外的成分数字组表示各种元素的含量。如BMn3-12表示镍含量约为3%，锰含量约为12%。复杂白铜有4个型号：    ①铁白铜：型号有BFe5-1.5（Fe）-0.5（Mn）、Bfe10-1（Fe）-1（Mn）、Bfe30-1(Fe)-1(Mn)。铁白铜中铁的加入量不超过2％以防腐蚀开裂，其特点是强度高，抗腐蚀特别是抗流动海水的能力可明显提高。    ②锰白铜：型号有BMn3-12、BMn4.0-1.5、BMn43-0.5。锰白铜具有低的电阻温度系数，可在较宽的温度范围内使用，耐腐蚀性好，还具有良好的加工性。    ③锌白铜：型号有BZn18-18、BZn18-26、BZn18-18、BZn15-12（Zn）-1.8（Pb）、BZn15-24（Zn）-1.5（Pb）。锌白铜具有优良的综合机械性能，耐腐蚀性优异、冷热加工成型性好，易切削，可制成线材、棒材和板材，用于制造仪器、仪表、医疗器械、日用品和通讯等领域的精密零件。    ④铝白铜：型号有Bal13-3、Bal16-1.5。是以铜镍合金为基加入铝形成的合金，密度8.54—0.3。合金性能与合金中镍量和铝量的比例有关，当Ni:Al=10:1时，合金性能最好。常用的铝白铜有Cu6Ni1.5Al，Cul3Ni3Al等，主要用于造船、电力、化工等工业部门中各种高强耐蚀件。二、普通白铜：    铜镍二元合金（即二元白铜）称为普通白铜。    在普通白铜中，字母B表示加镍的含量，如：B5表示镍含量为约5%，其余约为铜含量。型号有B0.6、B19、B25、B30。三、工业白铜：    工业用白铜分为结构白铜和精密电阻合金用白铜（电工白铜）两大类。（1）、结构白铜：    结构白铜的特点是机械性能和耐蚀性好，色泽美观。结构白铜中，最常用的是B30、B10和锌白铜。另外，还有铝白铜、铁白铜和铌白铜等。B30在白铜中耐蚀性最强，但 价格 较贵。铝白铜的性能同B30接近， 价格 低廉，可作B30的代用品。锌白铜于15世纪时就已在中国生产使用，被称为“中国银”，所谓镍银或德银也属此类锌白铜。锌能大量固溶于铜镍之中，能产生固溶强化作用，且抗腐蚀。锌白铜加铅以后能顺利的切削加工成各种精密零件，故广泛使用于仪器仪表及医疗器件中。这种合金具有高的强度和耐蚀性，弹性也较好，外表美观， 价格 低廉。铝白铜中的铝能显著提高合金的强度及耐蚀性，其析出物还可产生沉淀硬化作用。    结构白铜广泛用于制造精密机械、化工机械和船舶构件。（2）、精密电阻合金用白铜（电工白铜）：    精密电阻合金用白铜（电工白铜）有良好的热电性能。BMn 3-12锰铜、BMn 40-1.5康铜、BMn 43-0.5考铜以及以锰代镍的新康铜（又称无镍锰白铜，含锰10.8～12.5％、铝2.5～4.5％、铁1.0～1.6％）是含锰量不同的锰白铜。锰白铜是一种精密电阻合金。这类合金具有高的电阻率和低的电阻率温度系数，适于制作标准电阻元件和精密电阻元件。是制造精密电工仪器、变阻器、仪表、精密电阻、应变片等用的材料。康铜和考铜的热电势高，还可用作热电偶和补偿导线。根据《工程材料实用手册  铜合金  精密合金  粉末冶金及无机涂层材料》工程材料实用手册编辑委员会 1989年9月第1版  中国标准出版社page257  15-20锌白铜（BZnl5—20） 软态硬度HRB22～HRB55；半硬态硬度HRB80；硬态的硬度HRB87～HRB90；page262  30-1-1铁白铜 （BFe30-1）硬态的硬度HRB85或者HB100kgf/mm2；page269  28-2.5-1.5镍铜合金 （NCu28-2.5-1.5） 软态硬度HB135kgf/mm2；硬态的硬度HB210kgf/mm2；更多白铜硬度信息请详见上海 有色金属 网

黄铜硬度介绍黄铜是由铜和锌所组成的合金。如果只是由铜、锌组成的黄铜就叫作普通黄铜。如果是由二种以上的元素组成的多种合金就称为特殊黄铜。如由铅、锡、锰、镍、铅、铁、硅组成的铜合金。黄铜有较强的耐磨性能。特殊黄铜又叫特种黄铜，它强度高、硬度大、耐化学腐蚀性强。还有切削加工的机械性能也较突出。由黄铜所拉成的无缝铜管，质软、耐磨性能强。黄铜无缝管可用于热交换器和冷凝器、低温管路、海底运输管。制造板料、条材、棒材、管材，铸造零件等。含铜在62%～68%，塑性强，制造耐压设备等。  根据黄铜中所含合金元素种类的不同，黄铜分为普通黄铜和特殊黄铜两种。压力加工用的黄铜称为变形黄铜。C3604是日本工业标准的牌号, 其铜含量为 57-61%, 铅含量为 1.8-3.7%. 铁和锌小于等于1%,余量为锌。硬度大于等于HV80(维氏硬度)。以上是黄铜硬度介绍,更多信息请详见上海 有色金属 网

磷铜硬度规格 状态 维氏硬度 抗拉强度 延伸率C5191 软料 90-110 310-395 >40 H/4 110-150 395-490 >35 H/2 半硬 150-180 490-600 >20 H 硬态 180-210 590-680 >10 EH 特硬 210-230 大于650 >5C5210 状态 维氏硬度 抗拉强度 延伸率 H/4 130-160 390-490 >40 H/2 半硬 160-190 480-600 >27 H 硬态 190-210 590-705 >20 EH 特硬 210-230 680-785 >11  磷铜（磷青铜）（锡磷青铜）由青铜添加脱气剂磷P含量0.03~0.35%,锡含量5~8%.及其它微量元素如铁Fe,锌Zn等组成延展性,耐疲劳性均佳可用于电气及机械材料,可靠度高于一般铜合金制品. 　　锡磷青铜有更高的耐蚀性,耐磨损,冲击时不发生火花。用于中速、重载荷轴承，工作最高温度250℃。具有自动调心，对偏斜不敏感，轴承受力均匀承载力高，可同时受径向载荷，自润滑无需维护等特性。 　　锡磷青铜是一种合金铜，具有良好的导电性能，不易发热、确保安全同时具备很强的抗疲劳性。 　　锡磷青铜的插孔簧片硬连线电气结构，无铆钉连接或无摩擦触点，可保证接触良好，弹力好，拨插平稳。 　　该合金具有优良机械加工性能及成屑性能，可迅速缩短零件加工时间 　　磷铜作为中间合金广泛用于铜铸造、焊料等领域，在国民经济的发展中占有重要的一席之地。

黄铜硬度黄铜h62拉制棒材(半硬状态)的抗拉强度为: 370MPa(直径为5-40mm);伸长率δ10=15% δ5=18% 335MPa(直径为>40~80mm);伸长率δ10=20% δ5=24% 铸造黄铜 屈服强度为120MPa 抗拉强度为330MPa 伸长率35% 加工黄铜--棒材 160MPa 370MPa 49% 加工黄铜—管材（软） 110MPa 360MPa 49% 加工黄铜—管材（硬） 480MPa 680MPa 3%黄铜是铜与锌的合金.改变黄铜中锌的含量可以得到不同机械性能的黄铜.黄铜中锌的含量越高,其强度也越高,塑性稍代.工业中采用的黄铜含锌量不超过45%,含锌量再高将会产生脆性,使合金性变有效期.在黄铜中加1%锡能显著改善铜的抗海水和海洋大气腐蚀的能力,因此称为”海军黄铜”.锡能改性,铅对黄铜硬度强度影响不大.雕刻铜也是铅黄铜的一种.

（二）电工用冷轧硅钢薄板（GB2521-88）  　　用含硅0.8％-4.8％的电工硅钢为材质，经冷轧而成。  　　冷轧硅钢片分晶粒无取向和晶粒取向两种钢带。冷轧电工钢带具有表面平整、厚度均匀、叠装系数高、冲片性好等特点，且比热轧电工钢带磁感高、铁损低。用冷带代替热轧带制造电机或变压器，其重量和体积可减少0％-25％。若用冷轧取向带，性能更佳，用它代替热轧带或低档次冷轧带，可减少变压器电能消耗量45％-50％，且变压器工作性能更可靠。  　　用于制造电机和变压器。通常，晶粒无取向冷轧带用作电机或焊接变压器等的状态；晶粒取向冷轧带用作电源变压器、脉冲变压器和磁放大器等的铁芯。  　　钢板规格尺寸：厚度为0.35、0.50、0.65mm，宽度为800-1000mm，长度为≤2.0m。

锡青铜硬度是很多人都会关心的问题，因为格影响着锡的价格，下文中就会有这方面的知识。铸造锡青铜是不能通过热处理来强化机械性能的，因为当Sn含量达到10%时，锡青铜组织结构不再是固溶体而是化合物。这与其它青铜如铍青铜、铝青铜等固溶体类青铜可以通过热处理增强是不同的。锡青铜是铸造收缩率最小的有色金属合金，用来生产形状复杂、轮廓清晰、气密性要求不高的铸件，锡青铜在大气、海水、淡水和蒸汽中十分耐蚀，广泛用于蒸汽锅炉和海船零件。含磷锡青铜具有良好的力学性能，可用作高精密工作母机的耐磨零件和弹性零件。含铅锡青铜常用作耐磨零件和滑动轴承。含锌锡青铜可作高气密性铸件。常用牌号有QSn4-3，QSn4.4-2.5，QSn7-O.2，ZQSn10，ZQSn5-2-5，ZQSN6-6-3等。锡青铜是铸造收缩率最小的有色金属合金，可用来生产形状复杂、轮廓清晰、气密性要求不高的铸件。锡青铜在大气、海水、淡水和蒸汽中十分耐蚀，广泛用于蒸汽锅炉和海船零件。含磷锡青铜具有良好的力学性能，可用作高精密工作母机的耐磨零件和弹性零件。含铅锡青铜常用作耐磨零件和滑动轴承。含锌锡青铜可作高气密性铸件。含有3％～14％锡的青铜，此外还常常加入磷、锌、铅等元素。是人类应用最早的合金，至今已有约4000年的使用历史。它耐蚀、耐磨，有较好的力学性能和工艺性能，并能很好地焊接和钎焊，冲击时不产生火花。分为加工锡青铜和铸造锡青铜。用于压力加工的锡青铜含锡量低于6％～7％，铸造锡青铜的含锡量为10％～14％。锡青铜含锡量一般在3～14％之间,主要用于制作弹性元件和耐磨零件。变形锡青铜的含锡量不超过 8％，有时还添加磷、铅、锌等元素。磷是良好的脱氧剂，还能改善流动性和耐磨性。锡青铜中加铅可改善可切削性和耐磨性，加锌可改善铸造性能。这种合金具有较高的力学性能、减磨性能和耐蚀性，易切削加工，钎焊和焊接性能好，收缩系数小，无磁性。可用线材火焰喷涂和电弧喷涂制备青铜衬套、轴套、抗磁元件等涂层。尺寸规格有Ф1.6mm、Ф2.3mm如果你想了解锡青铜硬度等更多关于锡的信息，你可以登陆上海有色网中的锡专区进行查询和访问。

铝能提高黄铜的强度﹑硬度和耐蚀性﹐但使塑性降低﹐适合作海轮冷凝管及其他耐蚀零件。铝青铜：强度高﹐耐磨性和耐蚀性好﹐用於铸造高载荷的齿轮﹑轴套﹑船用螺旋桨等。铬铜：硬度高、耐磨抗爆、常用做导电块。直立性好，打薄片不弯曲。铬铜：导电导热性能好、硬度高、耐磨抗爆、常用做导电块。直立性好，打薄片不弯曲。铍铜是一种过饱和固溶体铜基合金，是机械性能，物理性能，化学性能及抗蚀性能良铜合金好结合的 有色 合金，经固溶和时效处理后，具有与特殊钢相当的高强度极限，弹性极限，屈服极限和疲劳极限。同时又具备有高的导电率，导热率，高硬度和耐磨性。

金属镍的硬度标准为HRC28电镀镍层的硬度仅为HV160～180。知道的镍的硬度，让我们来更详细的了解下化学镀镍如何调整镍的硬度?锌层易溶解于酸性化学镀镍溶液中；由于基体与镍层之间夹杂锌层，在腐蚀介质中形成电偶腐蚀（al-zn-ni），将导致镀层鼓泡或脱落，降低耐蚀性；经浸锌后化学镀镍，不宜进行400oc热处理，会造成浸锌层空松。同时铝和镍膨胀系数相差悬殊，在高温时会引起足够的应力，使镀层与铝之间产生破裂。而以活化代替浸锌，为化学镀镍提供了一个较好的底层，镀层与在材有结合力能达到同浸锌一样好的结果，是一种很有用途的铝合金前处理新工艺。活化处理液为：niso4。6h2024~30g/l，hedp 40~50g/l，稳定剂n25~30ml/l，ph（naoh调整）>12，室温，1~4min。控制活化时间至关重要，对某一具体配方，可通过实验杰确定最佳浸清时间，即当表面完全呈均匀灰色时，进行化学镀镍可得到最佳镀层质量。如何保证电子微组铝件化学镀镍的质量微组铝件（放大器铝腔体、微波开关、振荡器和天线蚀电架等）化学镀镍取代铝镀银工艺必须保证外观装饰性、优异附着力、耐腐蚀性和理想的物理、化学特性（电磁屏蔽、焊接性、高硬度、耐磨、高低温等）。关键在于优化工艺配方和镀层组合。典型工艺流程：有机溶剂支油（lyc2被镀铝件）→碱性除油（或碱腐蚀） →硝酸浸蚀→二次浸锌→碱性化学镀镍→酸性化学镀镍→热处理（1）改良特殊预处理工艺选择了含镍盐和辅助络合剂的改良锌酸盐酸方，碱浓度适中，特别是含有镍盐，并将酒石酸钾钠含量升高，又增加添加剂，使镍离子呈较稳定络离子开式存在，从而使镍离子与锌离子一起缓慢而均匀地置换沉积在铝表面，得到的锌镍合金层比从传统浸锌液中获得的浸锌层更薄更均匀。且控制zn-ni层重量在1~2mg/dm2范围，能充分保证铝上镀层附着力和抗蚀性良好；特别是含镍的锌层为随后的化学镀镍沉积初期提供了充足的催化核心，得到均匀细小晶核，这是提高随后镀镍层附着力的一上重要因素。改良锌酸盐配方：naoh 240g/l，znso4 120g/l，niso4 60g/l，knac4h4o6 120g/l，添加剂10~30g/l，室温，2~3min。（2）改善预镀底层由于锌层不耐性液腐蚀，必须预镀碱性化学镀镍作底层。但碱性镀镍液存在沉积速度较慢（5~10m），含p量较低（4%~6%），抗蚀性较差等缺点。要求改变还剂和络合剂浓度，选择最佳期ph值范围，保证镀液稳定，镀速适中，并能在浸锌层表面得到一层结晶细小、均匀与基体结合良好的预镀薄镍层。改进碱性镀镍配方：niso4。6h2o 25g/l，nah2po。h2o 25g/l，na3c6h5o7 45g/l nh4cl 30g/l，35~45oc，ph=8~9（3）提高镍的硬度的防护性与装饰性优选酸性化学镀镍配方，含有少量学亮剂,镍离子与次亚磷酸根子的摩尔浓度比值控制在0.4左右，保证镀速适中(16~20m/h)，溶液稳定（6周期以上，即使煮沸镀液也不会分解）。此外加入复合络合剂，防止生成亚磷酸镍沉淀。从本久液中可镀出呈学亮黄白色的镍层（含磷量8%~10%），耐蚀性好（镍层厚度25μm经中性盐雾试验48h，耐蚀等级9.5）。

1、铝棒时效炉温的设定与控制：通常，时效炉温与时效炉表显温度存在一定的误差，设定表温时要根据炉子的实际温度来进行设定，并密切关注时效炉温的波动情况。　　　　2、铝棒时效保温：要严格按照工艺要求来进行时效，保温时间要适当，防止欠时效或过时效而导致硬度不够。坯料装框、装炉　　　　3、铝棒挤压装框不能过密，料与料之间要有间隔，特别是不通风的小料、厚料间隔更加要大些，管料与小料、板料合装一框时，管料放下面这样有利于时效循环送风。　　　　4铝棒装炉前要将6xxx的其它特殊合金与普通6063合金分开装炉时效，由于生产的原因确实要同炉时效时，要取用特殊合金的工艺来进行时效。　　　　挤压生产出来的6061铝棒，未经时效前硬度偏低，不能作为成品使用，因此，一般来说，都必须经过时效来提高强度。通常，时效可分为自然时效和人工时效两种，目前6xxx铝型材生产基本上还是以后者为主。

纯铜硬度较差，但韧性好，1克的铜可以拉成3000米长的细丝，或压成10多平方米几乎透明的铜箔，所以应用非常广泛。    机械工程: 　　    几乎在所有的机器中都可以找到铜制品部件。除了电机、电路、油压系统、气压系统和控制系统中大量用铜以外，种类繁多用黄铜和青铜制造的传动件和固定件，如齿轮、蜗轮、蜗杆、联结件、紧固件、扭拧件、螺钉、螺母等，比比皆是。几乎在所有作机械相对运动的部件之间，都要使用减磨铜合金制作的轴承或轴套，特别是万吨级的大型挤压机、锻压机的缸套、滑板几乎都用青铜制成，铸件重量可达数吨。许多弹性元件，几乎都选用硅青铜和锡青铜作为材料。焊接工具、压铸模具等更离不开铜合金，如此等等。    冶金设备: 　　    冶金工业是消耗电能的大户，素有"电老虎"之称。在冶金厂的建设中通常必须要有一个依靠铜来进行工作的庞大的输、配电系统和电力运转设备。此外，在火法冶金中，连续铸造技术已占据主导地位，其中的关键部件一结晶器，大都采用铬铜、银铜等高强度和高导热性的铜合金。电冶金中的真空电弧炉和电渣炉水冷坩埚使用铜管材制造，各种感应加热的感应线圈都是用铜管或异型铜管绕制而成，内中通水冷却。    钟表 　　    目前生产的钟表，计时器和有钟表机构的装置，其中大部分的工作部件都用"钟表黄铜"制造。合金中含1.5-2%的铅，有良好加工性能，适合于大规模生产。例如，齿轮由长的挤压黄铜棒切出，平轮由相应厚度的带材冲出，用黄铜或其它铜合金制作搂刻的钟表面以及螺丝和接头等等。大量便宜的手表用炮铜（锡锌青铜）制造，或镀以镍银（白铜）。一些著名的大钟都用钢和铜合金制作。英国"大笨钟"的时针用的是实心炮铜杆，分针用的是14英尺长的铜管。    管道系统 　　    由于铜水管具有美观耐用、安装方便、安全防火、卫生保健等诸多优点，使它与镀锌钢管和塑料管相比存在明显优越的 价格 性能比。在住宅和公用建筑中，用于供水、供热、供气以及防火喷淋系统，日益受到人们的青睐，成为当前的首选材料。在发达国家中，铜制供水系统己占很大比重。美国纽约号称世界第六高楼的曼哈顿大厦，其中仅供水系统一项，就用去铜管 6万英尺 （l公里）。在欧洲，饮水用钢管消耗量很大。英国的饮水用钢管消耗量平均每人每年1.6公斤，日本为0.2公斤。由于镀锌钢管容易锈蚀，许多国家己明令禁用。香港早于1996年 1月起禁止使用，上海也于 1998年5月起实行。我国在房屋建设中推广使用铜管道系统，势在必行。   纯铜硬度不必不锈钢差，但易断裂。 

6061铝硬度接近或超过优质钢，而且塑性好工业上广泛使用，使用量仅次于钢。    修伤是铝合金模锻工艺中的重要一环。由于铝合金在高温下较软，粘性大，流动性差，容易粘模并产生各种表面缺陷(折叠、毛刺、裂纹等)，在进行下一道工序前，必须打磨、修伤，将表面缺陷清除干净，否则在后续工序中缺陷将进一步扩大，甚至引起锻件报废。修伤用的工具有风动砂轮机、风动小铣刀、电动小铣刀及扁铲等。修伤前先经腐蚀查清缺陷部位，修伤处要圆滑过渡，其宽度应为深度的5～10倍。 　高强度铝合金指其抗拉强度大于480兆帕的铝合金，主要是压力加工铝合金中防锈铝合金类、硬铝合金类、超硬铝合金类、锻铝合金类、铝锂合金类。    硅对硬质合金有腐蚀作用。虽然一般将超过12%Si的铝合金称为高硅铝合金，推荐使用金刚石刀具，但这不是绝对的，硅含量逐渐增多对刀具的破坏力也逐渐加大。因此有些厂商在硅含量超过8%时就推荐使用金刚石刀具。　硅含量在8%-12%之间的铝合金是一个过渡区间，既可以使用普通硬质合金，也可以使用金刚石刀具。但使用硬质合金应使用经PVD(物理镀层)方法、不含铝元素的、膜层厚度较小的刀具。因为PVD方法和小的膜层厚度使刀具保持较锋利的切削刃成为可能(否则为避免膜层在刃口处异常长大需要对刃口进行足够的钝化，切铝合金就会不够锋利)，而膜层材料含铝可能使刀片膜层与工件材料发生亲合作用而破坏膜层与刀具基体的结合。因为目前的超硬镀层多为铝、氮、钛三者的化合物，可能会因硬质合金基体随膜层剥落时少量剥落造成崩刃。    了解更多有关6061铝硬度的信息，请关注上海 有色 网。 

铍铜硬度，硬度是 金属 的相对软硬程度。硬度的单位因试验方法而异。常用的方法有压入法、动力法和划痕法三种。铍铜特性:高硬度,良好的导热性能；良好的导电性；卓越的耐磨性, 良好的加工性能；高压力条件下的性能稳定；可作模具材料及模具镶块材料；绝不受磁.铍铜的用途:注塑模具及高压吹塑模；模具镶块,快速冷却；铝合金模具镶块,增加强度,耐磨性及注塑周期；热流道喷嘴,电极及冲头材料；不受磁模具；高导热轴承.铍铜是力学,，物理，化学综合性能良好的一种合金, 铍青铜材料经过淬火调质后,具有高的强度，弹性，耐磨性，耐疲劳性和耐热性，同时铍青铜还具有很高的导电性，导热性，耐寒性和无磁性，铍铜材料碰击时无火花, 铍青铜易于焊接和钎焊,在大气，淡水和海水中耐腐蚀性极好,铍铜合金是一种不可多得的合金。物理材料在更大的范围来讲，一般分为2种；1- 结构材料 2- 功能材料，功能材料是指表现出力学性能以外的电、磁、光、生物、化学等特殊性质的材料。结构材料一般主要讲其材料的力学以及各种常规的物理性能等材料，在此意义上来说铍铜应属于结构材料，铍铜相对于其他的黄铜、红铜来讲应该说是一种轻 金属 。UT40型号的铍铜硬度是HRC36-42。想要了解更多铍铜硬度的相关资讯，请浏览上海 有色 网（ www.smm.cn ）铜频道。

    合金铜专用于制作模具的铜合金材料。其机械力学性能与铍铜相似，耐磨性能优于铍青铜，是替代铍青铜的理想模具材料.合金铜材料的适用范围,合金铜材料已用于制作高质量的不锈钢拉伸模、不锈钢轧辊、汽车排气管后导模、 高质量的注塑模、压铸模及高速冲床的滑块。 合金铜主要特点 高硬度、高耐磨、环保 合金铜（DL-HJT）材料具有硬度高， 耐磨性能好、环保的优点。 耐磨性能超过模具钢的水平。与钢模相比，最大的优点是不拉伤产品表面， 显著提高产品的表面质量。与铍铜相比：不含有毒元素，模具使用寿命长，经济实用。 模具加工工艺简便，表面能加工成镜面，加工后无需进行热处理 与AMPCO模具材料具有相同的物理、机械性能.   高效率模具铜合金材料，不用热处理、加工工艺简单、摩擦系数小、硬度可达HRC（30_55）度、并在合金中加入耐磨元素，使本身就耐磨的铜合金的耐磨、导热性进一步的提高，更适合拉伸模，现在铜合金模具材料已广泛地用于不绣钢板材拉伸模、塑料注塑模、铜合金重力铸造模、玻璃瓶制造模等。。硬质铜合金更节能、更环保的模具材料对提高模具的使用寿命、生产效率和产品品质有很大的肯定。   另外,热处理对多元铜合金硬度和冲击韧性的影响.通过金相、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM/EDS)及透射电镜(TEM)和力学性能分析方法研究不同热处理工艺对含多元合金元素铜合金硬度和冲击韧性的影响。结果表明:热处理能改变该合金的硬度,而对其冲击韧性影响不大,该合金经500℃保温2 h空冷后可获得较高硬度。

黄铜的硬度多少？黄铜的硬度单位是什么？黄铜铸造增加硬度的办法是什么？　　在介绍黄铜硬度之前，先来介绍几个相关概念。　　首要，硬度便是指材料部分反抗硬物压入其表面的才能称为硬度。　　其次，硬度也有不同分类，相对应硬度的符号也不相同，“HRB”意为洛氏硬度符号。　　洛氏硬度介绍：　　洛氏硬度实验选用三种实验力，三种压头，它们共有9种组合，对应于洛氏硬度的9个标尺。这9个标尺的运用涵盖了简直一切常用的金属材料。最常用标尺是HRC、HRB和HRF，其间HRC标尺用于测验淬火钢、回火钢、调质钢和部分不锈钢。这是金属制作职业运用最多的硬度实验办法。HRB标尺用于测验各种退火钢、正火钢、软钢、部分不锈钢及较硬的铜合金。HRF标尺用于测验纯铜、较软的铜合金和硬铝合金。HRA标尺虽然也可用于大多数黑色金属，可是实践运用上一般只限于测验硬质合金和薄硬钢带材料。黄铜带　　黄铜可分为普通黄铜与特殊黄铜，它们又有着许多不同的牌号，功能特色也有所不同，其间就包含它们的硬度，下面就让咱们一同经过黄铜硬度表来了解它们各自的硬度吧。　　黄铜的硬度表：合金牌号硬度普通黄铜H90HRB53/130H85HRB54/126H80HRB53/145H68HRB--/150H63HRB56/140H62HRB56/164H60HRB--/163铅黄铜Hpb89-2HRF55HRB58Hpb66-0.5HRF64HRF75HRF100HRB85Hpb63-3HRB40HRB86Hpb62-3HRB68HRF28Hpb59-14480铝黄铜HAl77-2HRB65/170HAl61-4-3-1HRB230HAl60-1-1HRB80/170HAl59-3-2HRB75/155锰黄铜HMn62-3-3-0.7HRB170-200HMn57-3-1HRB115/175HMn58-2HRB85/120锡黄铜HSn90-1HRB13/82HSn70-1HRB16/95HSn62-1HRB50/95HSn60-1HRB50/80铁黄铜HFe59-1-1HRB80/160镍黄铜HNi65-5HRB90/110硅黄铜HSi80-3HRB90/110HV60/180　　黄铜铸造增加硬度的办法：　　在铝黄铜(72.5Cu-22.7Zn-3.4Al)中增加微量钴(0.2%,0.4%,0.6%),研讨微量钴、冶炼铸造技术及制作技术参数对轧制法加工的带材的机械功能的影响。探究选用铝黄铜代替现在广泛运用的弹性铜合金材料。锡磷青铜的可行性研讨结果显现：钴能有用削减铸态合金的晶粒尺度、改动晶粒的形状,进步合金的抗拉强度、硬度,并确保合金具有较好的延展性.铝黄铜中增加0.4%钴。选用合理的制作技术加工出的黄铜带具有比锡磷青铜更优异的功能，0.25mm厚的带材,其抗拉强度可达840.4MPa，伸长率为2.8%；维氏硬度值为228，比特硬状况的QSn6.5-0.1带材的抗拉强度最大值(805MPa)进步了4.4%，满意弹性元件的运用要求；一起因为该黄铜中含有22.7%的锌，可有用降低成本，具有实践运用价值。　　以上为黄铜的硬度全部内容，期望对您能有所协助。

白铜、黄铜、红铜（也称为“紫铜”）、青铜（青灰色或许灰黄色）是从色彩上区其他。其间白铜、黄铜极易差异；红铜是纯铜（杂质<1％）、青铜（其他合金成分5％左右）稍难以差异。未氧化时，红铜色泽较青铜亮，青铜略带青色或黄色偏暗；氧化后，红铜变为黑色，青铜则位青绿色（多水的有害氧化）或许巧克力色。        特性高纯度，安排细密，含氧量极低。无气孔、沙眼、疏松，导电功能极佳，电蚀出的模具表面精度高，经热处理技术，电极无方向性，合适精打，细打，具有杰出的热电道性、制作性、延展性、防蚀性及耐候性等。　　应用范围可应用于电器、蒸溜建筑及化学工业，特别端子印刷电器路板，电线遮盖用铜带、气垫，汇流排端子。电磁开关、笔筒、屋根板等。　　红铜的密度8.96g/(cm) 　　红铜的比重8.89g/(mm)　　Cu≥99．95% O<003　　电导率≥57ms/m  红铜器皿        硬度≥85．2HV

6063铝合金硬度比6061低，挤出性良好，可作复杂的断面形状之形材。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6063铝合金广泛用于建筑铝门窗、幕墙的框架，为了保证门窗、幕墙具有高的抗风压性能、装配性能、耐蚀性能和装饰性能，对铝合金型材综合性能的要求远远高于工业型材标准。 在国家标准GB/T3190中规定的6063铝合金成分范围内，对化学成分的取值不同，会得到不同的材质特性，当化学成分的范围很大时，其性能差异会在很大范围内波动，以致型材的综合性能会无法控制。因此，优选6063铝合金的化学成分成为生产优质铝合金建筑型材的最重要的一环。 合金元素的作用及其对性能的影响 6063铝合金是AL-Mg-Si系中具有中等强度的可热处理强化合金，Mg和Si是主要合金元素，优选化学成分的主要工作是确定Mg和Si的百分含量。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6063铝合 金属 低合金化的Al-Mg-Si系高塑性合金。具有诸多可贵特点：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.热处理强化，冲击韧性高，对缺可不敏感。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.有极好的热塑性，可以高速挤压成结构复杂.薄壁.中空的各种型材或锻造成结构复杂的锻件，淬火温度范围宽，淬火敏感性低，挤压和锻造脱模后，只要温度高于淬火温度。即可用喷水或穿水的方法淬火。薄壁件（6&lt;3mm）还可以实行风淬。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.焊接性能和耐蚀性优良，无应力腐蚀开裂倾向，在热处理可强化型铝合金中，Al-Mg-Si系合金是唯一没有发现应力腐蚀开裂现象的合金。4.加工后表面十分光洁，且容易阳极氧化和着色。其缺点是淬火后若在室温停放一段时间在时效，会对强度带来不利影响（停放效应）。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 了解更多有关6063铝合金硬度的信息，请关注上海 有色 网。&nbsp;

铬锆铜硬度140HV。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 铬锆铜的主要优点：&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1、抗应力松弛性能高，热稳定性好，时效范围宽，成品率高，可在高温下长期使用（100 ℃-250 ℃）。直立性能尤佳；&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2、导电性能好，电导率 &ge;80%IACS；&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3、良好的耐蚀性能；&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4、电镀性能好；&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5、无毒性，适用于卫生洁具模、食品模。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 铬锆铜的导电导热性能、硬度、耐磨抗爆、 价格 比铍铜模具材料优越等特点，已经开始在模具 行业 代替铍铜作为一般模具材料。比如鞋底模具、水暖模具、一般要求光洁高的塑胶模具等。接插件、导丝、等需要高强度导线的产品中。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 了解更多关于铬锆铜硬度信息，请关注上海 有色金属 网。&nbsp;

铍青铜硬度很高。铍青铜是一种含铍铜基合金（Be0.2～2.75%wt%），在所有的铍合金中是用途最广的一种，其用量在当今世界已超过铍消费总量的70%。铍青铜是沉淀硬化型合金，固溶时效处理后具有很高强度、硬度、弹性极限和疲劳极限，弹性滞后小，并具有耐蚀、耐磨、耐低温、无磁性、高的导电性、冲击无火花等特点。铍青铜合金在海水中耐蚀速度：（1.1-1.4）&times;10-2mm／年。腐蚀深度：（10.9-13.8）&times;10-3mm／年。）腐蚀后，铍青铜合金强度、延伸率均无变化，故在还水中可保持40年以上，铍铜合金是海底电缆中继器构造体不可替代的材料。在硫酸介质中：铍青铜在小于80％浓度的硫酸中（室温）年腐蚀深度为0.0012-0.1175mm，浓度大于80％则腐蚀稍加快。同时还具有较好的流动性和重现精细花纹的能力。由于铍铜合金的诸多优越性能，使其在制造业获得了广泛的应用。铍青铜的牌号: 　　1.中国:QBe2, QBe1.7 　　2.美国(ASTM):C17200, C17000 　　3.美国(CDA):172, 170 　　4.德国(DIN):QBe2, QBe1.7 　　5.德国(数字系统):2.1247, 2.1245 　　6.日本:C1720, C1700铍青铜硬度特性决定了其用作耐腐蚀材料的地位。

6061铝合金硬度中等，但具有良好的抗腐蚀性、可焊接性，而且氧化效果较好。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6061铝合金其主要化学成份为：其主要化学成份为： Cu0.15-0.4-,Si0.4-0.8,Fe0.7-,Mn0.15-,Mg0.8-1.2-,Zn0.25-,Cr0.04-0.35-,Ti0.15-, 属热处理可强化合金，具有良好的可成型性、可焊接性、可机加工性和，同时具有中等强度，在退火后仍能维持较好的操作性。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 铝合金广泛的被应用在工程结构上。合金系统由数字系统分类(ANSI)，或由名称表示主要的组成合金(DIN及ISO)。 选择正确的合金为一种指定的应用，需要考虑材料的强度、延性、成形性、焊接性、抗腐蚀性等等。 简短的历史概述合金和制造技术，请参照[2]。铝广泛地使用在现代航空器里是由于它高强度和较低的重量比率。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 铝使用不当，可能会导致些问题。尤其是在对比铁或钢后，觉得铝有&ldquo;更好的表现&rdquo;的那些直觉行事的设计师，机械师，或技术员。 跟铁或钢相比，相同大小的铝重量只有铁或钢的三分之一，似乎有着巨大的吸引力。但必须注意到，刚性同时也减少了三分之二。因此，直接更换一个铁或钢铁的零件，并施加可接受的力量，虽然不会造成破坏，但是铝的弹性会造成零件三倍以上的挠度。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 其中一个重要的结构限制是铝合金疲劳性能，而钢具有较高的疲劳极限（理论上可以承受无限多的周期性载荷），铝的疲劳极限是接近零，也就是说它最终将破坏，甚至非常小的循环荷载作用都可以使它破坏，但对于小的应力可以使用非常长的时间。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6061铝合金硬度虽不能与2XXX系或7XXX系相比，但其镁、硅合金特性多，具有加工性能极佳、优良的焊接特点及电镀性、良好的抗腐蚀性、韧性高及加工后不变形、材料致密无缺陷及易于抛光、上色膜容易、氧化效果极佳等优良特点。&nbsp;