冷轧板卷是以热轧卷为原料，在室温下在再结晶温度以下进行轧制而成，包括板和卷，国内众多钢厂如宝钢、武钢、鞍钢等均可以生产。其中成张交货的称为钢板，也称盒板或平板；长度很长、成卷交货的称为钢带，也称卷板。 生产过程中由于不进行加热，所以不存在热轧常出现的麻点和氧化铁皮等缺陷，表面质量好、光洁度高。而且冷轧产品的尺寸精度高，产品的性能和组织能满足一些特殊的使用要求，如电磁性能、深冲性能等。  　　规格：厚度为0.2-4mm，宽度为600-2 000mm，钢板长度为1 200-6 000mm。  　　牌号：Q195A-Q235A、Q195AF-Q235AF、Q295A(B)-Q345 A(B)；SPCC、SPCD、SPCE、ST12-15;DC01-06  　　性能：主要采用低碳钢牌号，要求具有良好的冷弯和焊接性能，以及一定的冲压性能。 钢号规格（厚*宽*长）冷轧板规格板0.4*1000*C0.5*1250*C0.35*1000*C 1.0*1000*C0.7*1020*C0.3*1000*C 0.4*1000*C1.5*1000*C2.5*1000*C 2.5*1000*C2.0*1250*C1.5*1250*C 1.0*1250*C1.0*1000*C1.0*1000*2000 1.2*1000*20001.5*1000*20000.5*1000*C 2.0*1000*20003.0*1000*20001.0*1250*2000 1.0*1250*25001.2*1250*20001.2*1250*2500 1.5*1250*20001.5*1250*20002.0*1250*2000 2.0*1250*25002.5*1250*20002.5*1250*2500 3.0*1250*20003.0*1250*25001.0*1250*2500 0.35*1000*20000.4*1000*20000.45*1000*2000 0.5*1000*20000.6*1000*20000.7*1000*2000 0.8*1000*20002.0*1000*20001.2*1000*2000 1.5*1000*20001.0*1250*2000

冷轧板带用途很广，如汽车制造、电气产品、机车车辆、航空、精密仪表、食品罐头等。 　　冷轧薄钢板是普通碳素结构钢冷轧板的简称，也称冷轧板，俗称冷板，有时会被误写成冷扎板。冷板是由普通碳素结构钢热轧钢带，经过进一步冷轧制成厚度小于4mm的钢板。由于在常温下轧制，不产生氧化铁皮，因此，冷板表面质量好，尺寸精度高，再加之退火处理，其机械性能和工艺性能都优于热轧薄钢板，在许多领域里，特别是家电制造领域，已逐渐用它取代热轧薄钢板。 　　适用牌号：Q195、Q215、Q235、Q275；SPCC（日本牌号）；ST12（德国牌号） 　　符号：冷轧板的用途 　　1、Q—普通碳素结构钢屈服点（极限）的代号，它是“屈”的第一个汉语拼音字母的大小写；195、215、235、255、275—分别表示它们屈服点（极限）的数值，单位：兆帕MPa（N/mm2）；由于Q235钢的强度、塑性、韧性和焊接性等综合机械性能在普通碳素结构钢中属最了，能较好地满足一般的使用要求，所以应用范围十分广泛。 　　2、S-钢（Steel）、P-板（Plate）、C-冷轧（cold）、第四位C-普通级（common）。 　　3、ST-钢（Steel）、12-普通级冷轧薄钢板、　 　　标记：尺寸精度—尺寸—钢板品种标准 　　冷轧钢板：钢号—技术条件标准 　　标记示例：B-0.57501500-GB708-88；钢板、标准号Q/BQB402，牌号SPCC，热处理状态退火+平整（S），表央加工状态为麻面D，表面质量为FB级的切边（切边EC，不切边EM）钢板、厚度0.5mm，B级精度，宽度1000mm，A级精度，长度2000mm，A级精度，不平度精度为PF.A，则标记为：钢板ECQ/BQB 402-SPCC-SD-FB/（0.51000A2000A-PF.A）； 　　冷轧钢板：Q225-GB912-89 　　主要产地有：宝钢、鞍钢、本钢、武钢、邯钢、包钢、唐钢、涟钢、济钢等 　　冷轧普通薄钢板 ：由普通碳素结构钢或低合金结构钢冷轧制成。冷轧板表面质量较好。具有良好的冲压性能。对其要求要保证冷弯和杯试验合格，常用于汽车等行业和镀层板的原料。 　　冷轧优质薄钢板：主要包括各种优质钢冷轧薄板，最常用的是碳素结构钢板，尤其是深冲压用冷轧薄钢板，是由低碳优质钢08Al冷轧的薄板，钢板按表面质量分为三组；Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ，分别表示特别高级、高级、较高的精整表面,按拉延级别分为ZF、HF、F级（代表用于冲制拉延最复杂、很复杂、复杂的零件）,根据钢板厚度允许偏差，又分为A、B两级精度、广泛用于汽车拖拉机工业。 　　冷轧钢板，表面光洁，加工优良，用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及产业设备、各种建筑材料。随着经济发展，冷轧钢板已被称为现代社会的必须材料。 冷轧产品的分类： 热轧酸洗、轧硬卷、普通冷轧、镀锌（电镀锌、耐指纹、热镀锌）、镀铝锌、电镀锡、彩涂、电工钢（矽钢片）等。 　　1、热轧酸洗：　　2、轧 硬 卷：在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。

冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。镀锌是在装有镀件、玻璃球、锌粉、水和促进剂的旋转滚桶内，作为冲击介质的玻璃球随着滚桶转动，与镀件表面发生摩擦和锤击产生机械物理能量，在化学促进剂的作用下，将镀涂的锌粉“冷焊”到镀件表面上，形成光滑、均匀和细致的具有一定厚度的镀层。镀锌分为热镀锌和电镀锌两种。热镀锌也叫热浸镀锌和热浸锌，是一种有效的 金属 防腐方式，主要用于各 行业 的 金属 结构设施上。是将除锈后的钢件浸入500℃左右融化的锌液中，使钢构件表面附着锌层，从而起到防腐的目的。电镀锌，是利用电解设备将管件经过除油、酸洗、后放入成分为锌盐的溶液中，并连接电解设备的负极，在管件的对面放置锌版，连接在电解设备的正极接通电源，利用电流从正极向负极的定向移动就会在管件上沉积一层锌，冷镀管件是先加工后镀锌。

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在6~13.5吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。产品特点因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。简单来说，冷轧，是在热软板扎的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧→酸洗→冷轧这样的加工过程。冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由热轧经过连续冷变形而成的冷轧，机械性能比较差，硬度太高，必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。化学成分（Wt%）牌号CSiMnPSCuSPCC0.02～0.08≤0.100.15～0.30≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q1950.06～0.12≤0.300.25～0.50≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q235-B0.12～0.20≤0.300.30～0.70≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050制作工序冷轧通常采用众轧的方式。冷轧生产的工序一般包括原料准备、酸洗、轧制、脱脂、退火(热处理)、精整等。冷轧以热轧产品为原料，冷轧前原料要先除磷，以保证冷轧产品的表面洁净。轧制是使材料变形的主要工序。脱脂的目的在于去除轧制时附在轧材上的润滑油脂，以免退火时污染钢材表面，对不锈钢也为防止增碳。退火包括中间退火和成品热处理，中间退火是通过再结晶消除冷变形时产生的加工硬化，以恢复材料的塑性及降低金属的变形抗力。成品热处理的目的除了通过再结晶消除硬化外。还在于根据产品的技术要求以获得所需要的组织(如各种织构等)和产品性能(如深冲、电磁性能等)。精整包括检查、剪切、矫直(平整)、打印、分类包装等内容。冷轧产品有很高的包装要求，以防止产品在运输过程中表面被刮伤。除上述工序外在生产一些特殊产品时还有各自的特殊工序。如轧制硅钢板时，在冷轧前要进行脱碳退火，轧后要进行涂膜、高温退火、拉伸矫直(见张力矫直)与回火等。用于冷轧带刚的轧机有二辊轧机、四辊轧机和多辊轧机。应用最多的是四辊轧机。轧制更薄的产品则要采用多辊轧机。多辊轧机的种类很多，如六辊轧机、偏八辊轧机，十二辊轧机，二十辊轧机等(见轧机)。随着对板形要求的提高，发展了许多改进板形的技术，如弯辊技术、窜辊技术和交叉轧辊技术等。冷轧带钢轧机按机架排列可分为单机可逆或不可逆式与多机连续式两类。前者适用于多品种、少批量或合金钢产品比例大的情况。它投资低、建厂快，但产量低，金属消耗较大。多机架连续轧制适合于产品品种较单一或者变动不大的情况，它有生产效率高、产量大的优点，但投资较大。与热轧带钢(见热连轧宽带钢生产工艺、热轧窄带钢生产)相比，冷轧带钢(见冷板扎带生产)的轧制工艺有以下特点：(1)采用工艺润滑和冷却，以降低轧制时的变形抗力和冷却轧辊；(2)采用大张力轧制，以降低变形抗力和保持轧制过程的稳定。采用的平均单位张力值为材料屈服强度的10%～60%，一般不超过50%；(3)采用多轧程轧制。由于冷轧使材料产生加工硬化，当总变形量达到60%～80%时，继续变形就变得很困难。为此要进行中间退火，使材料软化后轧制得以继续进行。为了得到要求的薄带钢，这样的中间退火可能要进行多次。两次中间退火之间的轧制称为一个轧程。冷轧带钢的退火在有保护气体的连续式退火炉或罩式退火炉中进行(见冷轧板带退火)。冷轧带钢的最小厚度目前可达到0.05mm，冷轧箔材可达到0.001mm。

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板，俗称冷板。　　冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。 　　一般来说，冷轧钢板分为三代产品：沸腾钢为第一代，铝镇静钢为第二代，无间隙原子刚（IF钢）为第三代。   您查询的关键词是：冷轧钢板  。如果打开速度慢，可以尝试快速版；如果想保存快照，可以添加到搜藏。 "冷轧钢板""2,冷轧钢板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.56",,"2.5","6000x1200 7000x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","22.25""0.45",,"4.01",,"2.75",,"24.48""0.5",,"4.45",,"3.0",,"26.70""0.6",,"5.34",,"3.5",,"31.50""0.7",,"6.23",,"4.0",,"35.60""0.8",,"7.12",,"4.5",,"40.05""0.9",,"8.01",,"5.0",,"44.50""1.0",,"8.90",,"5.5",,"48.95""1.1",,"9.79",,"6.0",,"53.40""1.2",,"10.68",,"6.5",,"57.85""1.35",,"12.02",,"7.0",,"62.30""1.5",,"13.35",,"7.5",,"66.75""1.65",,"14.60",,"8.0",,"71.20""1.8",,"16.02",,"9.0",,"80.10""2.0",,"17.80",,"10.0",,"89.00""2.25",,"20.03""冷轧铜条""2,冷轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.20","200~400","500~800","1.78",,"2.50","200~500","500~2000","22.25""0.25",,,"2.23",,"2.75",,,"24.48""0.30",,,"2.67",,"3.00",,"1000~2000","26.70""0.35",,,"3.12",,"3.50",,,"31.15""0.40","200~500","500~2000","3.56",,"4.00",,,"35.60""0.45",,,"4.01",,"4.50",,,"40.05""0.50",,,"4.45",,"5.00",,,"44.50""0.60",,,"5.34",,"5.50",,,"48.95""0.70",,,"6.23",,"6.00",,,"53.40""0.80",,,"7.12",,"6.50",,,"57.85""0.90",,,"8.01",,"7.00",,,"62.30""1.00",,,"8.90",,"8.00",,,"71.20""1.20",,,"10.68",,"9.00",,,"80.10""1.30",,,"11.57",,"10.00",,,"89.00""1.40",,,"12.46",,"11.00",,,"97.90""1.50",,,"13.35",,"12.00",,,"106.8""1.60",,,"14.69",,"13.00",,,"115.7""1.80",,,"16.02",,"14.00",,,"124.6""2.00",,,"17.80",,"15.00",,,"133.5""注 铜板和条(热轧,冷轧)的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4和TU和TUP,其化学成分应符合YB145-71规定""特殊用冷轧黄铜条""3,特殊用冷轧黄铜条(YB555-65)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)""0.20","200~300","500~1000","1.76",,"1.6","200~500","500~2000","14.08""0.25",,,"2.20",,"1.8",,,"15.84""0.30","200~400",,"2.64",,"2.0",,,"17.60""0.35",,,"3.08",,"2.5",,,"22.00""0.40","200~500",,"3.52",,"2.75",,,"24.20""0.45",,,"3.96",,"3.0",,,"26.40""0.50",,"500~2000","4.40",,"3.5",,,"30.80""0.55",,,"4.84",,"4.0",,,"35.20""0.60",,,"5.28",,"4.5",,,"39.60""0.70",,,"6.16",,"5.0",,,"44.00""0.80",,,"7.04",,"5.5",,,"48.40""0.90",,,"7.92",,"6.0",,,"52.80""1.0",,,"8.8",,"6.5",,,"57.20""1.2",,,"10.56",,"7.0",,,"61.60""1.3",,,"11.44",,"8.0",,,"70.40""1.4",,,"12.32",,"9.0",,,"79.20""1.5",,,"13.20",,"10.0",,,"88.00""注 (1)标记举例:用H80制成的,厚度为0.8mm,宽度为300mm,长度为1000mm的1/2硬条标记为:"" 条H80-Y20.8x300x1000YB555-65."" (2)冷轧条分为定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.""多面体的体积和表面积""多面体的体积和表面积""图形",,"尺寸符号",,"重心(G)""立方体",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方体∧棱柱∨",,,,"G0=h/2""三棱柱",,,,"Go=h/2""棱锥",,,,"Go=h/4""棱台""圆柱和空心圆柱∧管∨",,,,"Go=h/2""斜线直圆柱""直圆锥",,,,"Go=h/4""圆台""球",,,,"在球心上""球扇形∧球楔∨",,,,"Go=3/4(r-h/2)""球缺",,,,"Go=3(2r-h)2/4(3r-h)""圆环体∧胎∨",,,,"在环中心上""球带体",,,,"Go=h1+h/2""桶形",,,,"在轴交点上""椭球体",," a,b,c-半轴",,"在轴交点上""交叉圆柱体",,,,"在二轴交点上""梯形体""常用图形求面积,体积公式""常用图形求面积,体积公式""图形",,"尺寸符号","面积(F) 表面积(S)","重心(G)""正方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""三角形",,,,"GB=1/3BD CD=DA""平行四边形",,,,"对角线交点上""任意四边形""正多边形",,,,"在o点上""菱形",,,,"在对角线交点上""梯形""圆形",,,,"在圆心上""椭圆形",,"a·b-主轴","F= (π/4) a·b","在主轴交点G上""扇形""弓形""圆环",,,,"在圆心O""部分圆环""新月形",,,,"O1G=(π-P)L/2P","L d/10","2d/10 3d/10 4d/10","5d/10 6d/10 7d/10 ","8d/10 9d/10","P 0.40","0.79 1.18 1.56","1.91 2.25 2.55","2.81 3.02""抛物线形""等多边形",,," "," 在内,外接圆心处""冷轧黄钢板""4,冷轧黄钢板(YB460-71)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)""0.20","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","1.70",,"2.00","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","17.00""0.25",,"2.13",,"2.25",,"19.13""0.30",,"2.55",,"2.50",,"21.25""0.35",,"2.98",,"2.75",,"23.38""0.40",,"3.40",,"3.00",,"25.50""0.45",,"3.82",,"3.50",,"29.75""0.50",,"4.25",,"4.00",,"34.00""0.60",,"5.10",,"4.50",,"38.20""0.70",,"5.95",,"5.00",,"42.50""0.80",,"6.80",,"5.50",,"46.75""0.90",,"7.65",,"6.00",,"51.00""1.00",,"8.50",,"6.50",,"55.25""1.10",,"9.35",,"7.00",,"59.50""1.20",,"10.20",,"7.50",,"63.75""1.35",,"11.48",,"8.00",,"68.00""1.50",,"12.75",,"9.00",,"76.50""1.65",,"14.03",,"10.00",,"85.00""1.80",,"15.30""注 (1)冷轧软板仅供应H59,H62,H68,H80,H90,H96,HMn58-2,HPb59-1牌号.""(2)冷轧1/2硬板仅供应H62,H65,H68,H90,HMn58-2牌号.""(3)冷轧特硬板仅供应H62牌号.""(4)冷轧板材长度分为:定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.其通常长度为500~2000mm,但长度不得小于宽度.""特殊用冷轧黄钢板""5,特殊用冷轧黄钢板(YB555-65)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.52",,"2.25","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","19.60""0.45",,"3.96",,"2.50",,"22.00""0.50",,"4.40",,"2.75",,"24.20""0.55",,"4.84",,"3.0",,"26.40""0.60",,"5.28",,"3.5",,"30.80""0.70",,"6.16",,"4.0",,"35.20""0.80",,"7.04",,"4.5",,"39.60""0.90",,"7.92",,"5.0",,"44.00""1.0",,"8.80",,"5.5",,"48.40""1.1",,"9.68",,"6.0",,"52.80""1.2",,"10.56",,"6.5",,"57.20""1.35",,"11.88",,"7.0",,"61.60""1.5",,"13.20",,"7.5",,"66.60""1.65",,"14.52",,"8.0",,"70.40""1.8",,"15.84",,"9.0",,"79.20""2.0",,"17.60",,"10.0",,"88.00""注 标记举例:用H90制成的,厚度为2.5mm,宽度为600mm,长度为1200mm的软板标记为:"" 板H90M2.5x600x1200xYB555-65.""铝及铝合金板""6,铝及铝合金板""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)"0.5,"1.40",,"2.5","7.00",,"9.0","25.2",,"25","70.0"0.6,"1.68",,"3.0","8.40",,"10.0","28.0",,"30","84.0"0.8,"2.24",,"3.5","9.80",,"12.0","33.6",,"35","98.0""1.0","2.80",,"4.0","11.20",,"14.0","39.2",,"40","112.0""1.2","3.36",,"5.0","14.00",,"16.0","44.8",,"50","140.0""1.5","4.20",,"6.0","16.80",,"18.0","50.4",,"60","168.0""1.8","5.04",,"7.0","19.60",,"20.0","56.0",,"70","196.0""2.0","5.60",,"8.0","22.40",,"22.0","61.6",,"80","224.0""注 (1)板的宽度有1000,1200和500mm;板的长度有2000,3000和4000mm."" (2)理论重量按LY11,LY12和LD10等牌号铝合金的比重2.8计算,对于其他牌号的铝合金和工业纯铝,应乘以"" 下列换算系数:LD2-0.961;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975;LC4-1.018;工业纯铝-0.967.""铅板""7,铅板(GB1470-79)""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)""1.0","11.37",,"3.0","34.11",,"5.0","56.85",,"9.0","102.33""1.5","17.06",,"3.5","39.80",,"6.0","68.22",,"10.0","113.70""2.0","22.74",,"4.0","45.48",,"7.0","79.59",,"12.0","136.44""2.5","28.43",,"4.5","51.17",,"8.0","90.96",,"16.0","170.55""注 (1)铅的化学成分按GB469-64标准."" (2)板材理论重量按比重为11.34计算,宽度按500mm进张."" (3)板材成卷供应,厚度大于15mm的板材,以片状供应,厚度不大于1.5mm的板材,应用木箱包装.""纯铜带"",纯铜带(YB464-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.05","18~150","≥20","0.44",,"0.50","18~300","≥10","4.45""0.06",,,"0.53",,"0.55",,,"4.90""0.07",,,"0.62",,"0.60",,,"5.34""0.08",,,"0.71",,"0.65",,,"5.79""0.09",,,"0.80",,"0.70",,,"6.23""0.10","18~300",,"0.89",,"0.75",,,"6.68""0.12",,,"1.07",,"0.80",,,"7.12""0.15",,,"1.34",,"0.85",,,"7.57""0.18",,,"1.60",,"0.90",,,"8.01""0.20",,,"1.78",,"1.00",,,"8.90""0.22",,,"1.96",,"1.10",,,"9.79""0.25",,,"2.23",,"1.20",,"≥7","10.68""0.30",,,"2.67",,"1.30",,,"11.57""0.35",,,"3.12",,"14.40",,,"12.46""0.40",,,"3.56",,"1.50",,,"13.35""0.45",,,"4.01""注 纯铜带的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4,TUP,其化学成分符合YB145-71的规定.""铝带""9,铝带""宽 度 (mm)","厚 度 (mm)","3","4","5","6","8","10","12","重 量 (kg/m)""10","0.080","0.107","0.134 0.161 0.268 0.335 0.402 0.536 0.670 0.804 1.072 1.340 1.608","0.161","0.214","0.268","0.322""12","0.096","0.129",,"0.193","0.257","0.322","0.386""15","0.121","0.161",,"0.241","0.322","0.402","0.482""20","0.161","0.214",,"0.322","0.429","0.568","0.643""25","0.201","0.268",,"0.402","0.568","0.670","0.804""30","0.241","0.332",,"0.482","0.643","0.804","0.965""40","0.322","0.429",,"0.643","0.858","1.072","1.286""50","0.402","0.536",,"0.804","1.072","1.340","1.608""60","0.482","0.643",,"0.965","1.286","1.608","1.930""80","0.643","0.858",,"1.286","1.715","2.144","2.573""100","0.804","1.072",,"1.608","2.144","2.680","3.216""120","0.965","1.286",,"1.930","2.573","3.216","3.859""注 表中重量系以LY11,LY12,(比重2.8)为准,其他合金应乘以下列系数:"" L1~L6-0.967;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975.""热轧铜条""1,热轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""4.0","200~500","≥1000","35.60",,"8.0","200~500","≥1000","71.20""4.5",,,"40.05",,"9.0",,,"80.10""5.0",,,"44.05",,"10.0",,,"89.0""5.5",,,"48.95",,"11.0",,,"97.9""6.0",,,"53.40",,"12.0",,,"106.8""6.5",,,"57.85",,"13.0",,,"115.7""7.0",,,"62.30",,"14.0",,,"124.6""7.5",,,"66.75",,"15.0",,,"133.5""英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""(二)英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm""0","0.324","8.230",,"14","0.080","2.032",,"28","0.0148","0.376""1","0.300","7.020",,"15","0.072","1.829",,"29","0.0136","0.345""2","0.276","7.010",,"16","0.064","1.626",,"30","0.0124","0.315""3","0.252","6.401",,"17","0.056","1.422",,"31","0.0116","0.295""4","0.232","5.893",,"18","0.048","1.219",,"32","0.0108","0.274""5","0.212","5.385",,"19","0.040","1.016",,"33","0.0100","0.254""6","0.192","4.877",,"20","0.036","0.914",,"34","0.0092","0.234""7","0.176","4.470",,"21","0.032","0.813",,"35","0.0084","0.213""8","0.160","4.064",,"22","0.028","0.711",,"36","0.0076","0.193""9","0.144","3.658",,"23","0.024","0.610",,"37","0.0068","0.173""10","0.128","3.251",,"24","0.022","0.559",,"38","0.0060","0.152""11","0.116","2.946",,"25","0.020","0.508",,"39","0.0052","0.132"12,"0.104","2.642",,"26","0.018","0.457",,"40","0.0048","0.122"13,"0.092","2.337",,"27","0.0164","0.417",,"41","0.0044","0.112""刺钢丝""三)刺钢丝规格和重量""说 明 和 用 途",,"钢丝划号 (号)","刺间距离 (mm)","每kg长度 (m)","重量 (kg/km)""刺钢丝又名刺铁丝,俗称"花园铅丝"(因常作花园围墙篱笆之用,故名),系以镀锌钢丝经机器铰缠而成(一般用#12或#14钢丝制作).适于作各种围墙(尤其是公园围墙和临时建筑场地 的围墙)篱笆或障碍物用.",,"12","65","6.4","156",,,"75","7.2","139",,,"100","7.9","127",,,"125","8.6","116",,"14","65","10.9","91.8",,,"75","11.5","86.9",,,"100","13.0","76.9",,,"125","14.0","71.4""注 (1)刺钢丝规格的注写方法为"钢丝直径(号数)x尖数x刺间距离",或"钢丝直径(号数)x刺间距离"."" (2)表列刺钢丝的"每kg长度"和"重量",仅供参考.""刻痕钢丝""四)刻痕钢丝规格和重量""直径 (mm)","断面积 (mm2)","重量 (kg/m)"," 抗 拉 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,"屈 服 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,,"I组","II组","I组","II组""2.5","4.90","0.034","190","160","152","128""3","7.06","0.056","180","150","144","120""4","12.56","0.094","170","140","136","112""5","19.63","0.150","160","130","126","104""注 刻痕钢丝是由预应力混凝土结构用碳素钢丝(冷拔高强度钢丝)在经特制的"刻痕机"进行刻痕而制成的"" 预应力钢筋混凝土结构用的钢丝.""钢丝网""五)钢丝网规格和重量""号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)"20,"1.6","1.5",,"6","2.0","6.7",,"2.5","0.7","2.0",,"1","0.3","0.9","3.0","5.1",,"5.5","0.5","0.6",,"2.2","0.45","1.0",,,"0.35","1.2""18","1.6","1.7",,,"1.6","4.7",,,"0.6","1.6",,"0.9","0.25","0.7","3.0","5.7",,,"2.0","7.2",,,"0.8","2.9",,,"0.3","1.0""16","1.6","1.9",,"5","0.7","1.1",,"2","0.4","0.9",,,"0.4","1.6","3.0","6.3",,,"1.4","4.1",,,"0.5","1.3",,"0.8","0.22","0.6""14","1.4","1.7",,,"2.2","8.9",,,"0.6","1.9",,,"0.28","0.9","2.5","4.9",,"4.5","0.5","0.7",,,"1.2","6.0",,,"0.3","1.0""12","1.2","1.4",,,"1.0","2.3",,"1.8","0.4","0.9",,"0.7","0.2","0.6","2.5","5.7",,,"1.8","6.8",,,"0.5","1.4",,,"0.25","0.9""11","1.2","1.5",,"4","0.6","1.0",,,"0.7","2.6",,,"0.30","1.2","2.5","6.1",,,"1.0","2.6",,"1.6","0.3","0.6",,"0.63","0.22","0.7""10","1.0","1.2",,,"1.4","4.8",,,"0.4","1.0",,,"0.25","0.9","2.5","6.6",,"3.5","0.7","1.5",,,"0.45","1.3",,,"0.28","1.2""9","1.0","1.3",,,"1.0","2.9",,"1.4","0.30","0.7",,"0.56","0.22","0.8","2.2","5.7",,,"1.2","4.0",,,"0.35","0.9",,,"0.25","1.0""8","0.7","0.7",,"3.2","0.45","0.7",,,"0.65","2.7",,,"0.28","1.2","1.2","2.1",,,"0.9","2.7",,"1.2","0.28","0.7",,"0.5","0.22","0.9","1.8","4.5",,,"1.2","4.3",,,"0.35","1.0",,,"0.25","1.1""7","0.7","0.8",,"2.8","0.4","0.7",,,"0.4","1.3",,,"0.3","1.5","1.2","2.3",,,"0.7","1.8",,"1.1","0.28","0.7",,"0.45","0.2","0.8","1.8","5.0",,,"1.0","3.6",,,"0.35","1.1",,,"0.25","1.2""6","0.7","0.9",,"2.5","0.4","0.7",,,"0.40","1.4",,,"0.2","0.9","1.2","2.7",,,"0.5","1.1",,"1","0.25","0.7",,"0.4","0.25","1.3""钢板网""六)钢板网规格和重量""品 种","规 格 (mm)",,,,,,"每张大约重量(kg)","生产单位","丝梗厚度 h","孔眼宽度 T","丝梗宽度 b","节 距 t","网面宽度 B","网面长度 L""小","0.5","9","1","25","1800","600","0.875","上海中国钢板网厂",,,,,"2000",,"0.875","0.6","9","1","25","1800","600","1.000",,,,,"2000",,"1.125","0.7","9","1","25","1800","600","1.125",,,,,"2000",,"1.250""网","0.75","9","1","25","1800","600","1.250",,,,,"2000",,"1.375","0.8","9","1","25","1800","600","1.375",,,,,"2000",,"1.500","1","9","1","25","1500","600","1.625",,,,,"1800",,"1.875",,,,,"2000",,"2.125""大","0.5","7","1.2","2.5","1800","2800","5.85","上海中国钢板网厂","1","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","11.70",,"9","1.2","25","1500","3000","7.95",,,,,"1800","3600","11.70",,"9","1.1","25","2000","4000","14.76",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","11.70",,,,,"2000","4000","14.60","1.2","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","14.04",,"9","1.2","25","1800","3600","14.04",,,"1.1","25","2000","4000","17.71",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","14.04""网",,,,,"2000","4000","17.71","1.5","11","1.6","40","1800","3600","17.55",,"17","2.3","65","2000","4000","22.14","2","17","2.3","65","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"22","3.0","75","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"27","3.8","100","2000","4000","29.52","3","36","4.6","115","2000","4000","44.28",,"45","6.1","150""钢丝纱""七)钢丝纱(窗纱)规格和重量""规 格","面 积(m2/卷)","重 量",,"(kg/卷)","(kg/m2)""14目3x100","27.87","12.5","0.448""14目4x100","37.16","16.6","0.448""16目3x100",27.87,13.5,"0.484""16目4x100",37.16,"18.0","0.484""紫铜丝布""(八)紫铜丝布(紫铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","22","2.691",,"30","30","2.5116",,"65","36","1.9734""10","24","2.691",,"35","31","1.9734",,"70","36","1.9734""12","24","3.0498",,"40","32","1.9734",,"75","37","1.9734""16","26","2.1528",,"45","33","1.9734",,"80","37","1.9734""20","27","2.1528",,"50","34","1.9734",,"100","39","1.7940""24","30","2.1528",,"55","35","1.9734""28","30","2.3322",,"60","35","1.7940""黄铜丝布""(九)黄铜丝布(黄铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","24","1.5787",,"24","34","0.8611",,"50","38","0.6458""10","26","1.2375",,"26","34","0.8252",,"60","41","0.3947""12","27","1.2558",,"28","36","0.5386",,"70","42","0.3347""14","27","1.3276",,"30","36","0.5741",,"80","43","0.3767""16","32","0.6100",,"32","36","0.6100",,"90","43","0.4306""18","33","0.6100",,"34","36","0.6279",,"100","43","0.5023""20","33","0.7176",,"36","36","0.7176",,"110","44","0.3347""22","33","0.8611",,"40","36","0.4844",,"120","44","0.4485""铝及铝合金直角角型材""1,铝及铝合金直角角型材(XC111)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b"1,"12","1","0.234","0.065",,"25","25","1.3","0.734","0.204",,"49","38.3","5","3.590","0.998"2,"12","2","0.440","0.122",,"26","25","1.6","0.777","0.216",,"50","38.3","6.3","4.444","1.235"3,"12.5","1.6","0.377","0.105",,"27","25","2","0.964","0.268",,"51","40","2","1.564","0.435"4,"15","1","0.294","0.082",,"28","25","2.5","1.189","0.331",,"52","40","2.5","1.944","0.540"5,"15","1.2","0.353","0.098",,"29","25","3","1.410","0.392",,"53","40","3","2.320","0.645"6,"15","1.5","0.434","0.121",,"30","25","3.2","1.509","0.429",,"54","40","3.5","2.671","0.743"7,"15","2","0.564","0.157",,"31","25","3.5","1.641","0.456",,"55","40","3.5","2.694","0.749"8,"15","3","0.820","0.223",,"32","25","4","1.857","0.516",,"56","40","4","3.057","0.850"9,"16","1.6","0.429","0.119",,"33","25","5","2.242","0.623",,"57","40","5","3.750","1.043"10,"16","2.4","0.726","0.202",,"34","27","2","1.041","0.289",,"58","45","4","3.475","0.961"11,"18","1.5","0.524","0.146",,"35","27","2","1.090","0.303",,"59","45","5","4.277","1.189"12,"18","2","0.684","0.190",,"36","30","1.5","0.884","0.246",,"60","50","3","2.920","0.812"13,"19","1.6","0.585","0.163",,"37","30","2","1.164","0.324",,"61","50","4","3.857","1.072"14,"19","2.4","0.861","0.239",,"38","30","2.5","1.438","0.400",,"62","50","5","4.777","1.328"15,"19","3.2","1.125","0.313",,"39","30","3","1.720","0.478",,"63","50","6","5.655","1.572"16,"20","1","0.397","0.110",,"40","30","4","2.240","0.623",,"64","50","6.5","6.110","1.699"17,"20","1.2","0.473","0.131",,"41","32","2.4","1.491","0.415",,"65","50","12","10.600","2.947"18,"20","1.5","0.584","0.162",,"42","32","3.2","1.957","0.554",,"66","60","5","5.777","1.606"19,"20","2","0.764","0.212",,"43","32","3.5","2.131","0.592",,"67","60","6","6.855","1.906"20,"20","3","1.140","0.137",,"44","32","6.5","3.723","1.036",,"68","75","7","10.010","2.783"21,"20","4","1.475","0.410",,"45","35","3","2.005","0.557",,"69","75","8","11.360","3.158"22,"20.5","1.6","0.633","0.176",,"46","35","4","2.657","0.739",,"70","75","10","14.000","3.892"23,"23","2","0.680","0.245",,"47","38","2.4","1.773","0.498",,"71","90","5","8.750","2.433"24,"25","1.2","0.597","0.166",,"48","38.3","3.5","2.562","0.712",,"72","90","8","13.760","3.825""注 (1)铝及铝合金型材的尺寸,规格等摘自冶金工业部1970年颁发的《铝及铝镁合金挤压型材》."" (2)表内理论重量均按LY12合金比重(2.78)进行计算,其他材料的比重及换算系数如下:L1~L7(2.71)-0.975;"" LF2(2.68)-0.964;LF11(2.65)-0.953;LF21(2.73)-0.982;LD2(2.70)-0.971;"" LY11(2.80)-1.007;LY12(2.78)-1.000."" (3)铝型材主要生产单位有哈尔滨和西北铝加工厂等.西北铝加工厂的产品断面为100~400cm2,宽度小于530mm."" (4)铝及铝合金型材规格的表示方法是型材类别组号加序号,如XC111-4,其中,XC表示型材,后面的数字依次为"" 类别,组号,连字符后的数字为顺序号.""铝及铝合金直丁字型材""2,铝及铝合金直丁字型材(XC211)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"15","25","1","0.405","0.113",,"34","32","45","3","2.259","0.628"2,"19","50","2","1.378","0.383",,"35","32","48","2.4","1.874","0.521"3,"20","20","2","0.760","0.211",,"36","32","50","3","2.423","0.674"4,"20","30","1.5","0.740","0.206",,"37","35","32","1.5","1.000","0.278"5,"20","35","2","1.060","0.295",,"38","35","35","4","2.713","0.754"6,"20","37","2","1.117","0.311",,"39","35","40","2","1.468","0.408"7,"20","42","2","1.200","0.334",,"40","37","42","2","1.500","0.417"8,"20","42","2","1.240","0.345",,"41","38","44","5","3.910","1.087"9,"20","45","2","1.860","0.517",,"42","38","50","3.5","3.026","0.841"10,"20","90","2","2.160","0.600",,"43","38","50","4.8","3.990","1.109"11,"21","53","1.8","1.300","0.361",,"44","39","75","5","5.510","1.532"12,"22","48","1.4","1.960","0.267",,"45","40","36","5","3.350","0.933"13,"25","29","1.6","0.847","0.25",,"46","40","45","3","2.479","0.689"14,"25","35","1.5","0.890","0.247",,"47","40","45","4","3.274","0.910"15,"25","38","2.5","1.510","0.420",,"48","40","68","3","3.300","0.917"16,"25","40","2","1.280","0.356",,"49","40","130","6","9.840","2.736"17,"25","45","2.5","1.726","0.480",,"50","42","64","4","4.100","1.140"18,"25","45","3","2.019","0.561",,"51","45","40","2.2","1.860","0.517"19,"25","45","4","2.708","0.753",,"52","50","70","4","4.640","1.300"20,"25","48","1.4","1.012","0.288",,"53","51","51","2.4","2.443","0.679"21,"25","48","1.5","1.082","0.301",,"54","54","50","3","3.040","0.845"22,"25","50","2","1.499","0.417",,"55","54","68","3","3.608","1.003"23,"25","50","2.5","1.851","0.515",,"56","64","50","5","5.781","1.607"24,"26","38","2.5","1.554","0.432",,"57","63","50","2","2.320","0.645"25,"27","70","2","1.920","0.534",,"58","70","37","2","2.100","0.584"26,"29","38","1.6","1.055","0.293",,"59","70","55","2","2.460","0.684"27,"29","58","2.5","2.180","0.606",,"60","74","66","6","8.080","2.246"28,"29","58","3.5","2.991","0.831",,"61","75","40","3","3.400","0.945"29,"30","40","1.5","1.040","0.289",,"62","80","50","2","2.560","0.712"30,"30","40","2","1.370","0.381",,"63","80","60","3","4.110","1.143"31,"30","45","3","2.150","0.597",,"64","83","50","3","3.953","1.099"32,"30","56","4","3.280","0.912",,"65","90","77","10","15.700","4.365"33,"30","68","6.5","6.100","1.696""热轧铜板""1,热轧铜板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽 度 (mm)",,,,,,,,"理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)","600~900","1000~1200","1300~1500","1600~1800","1900~2200","2300~2500","2600~2800","2900~3000","最 大 长 度 (mm)""5.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"44.50""5.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"48.95""6.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"53.40""6.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"57.85""7.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"62.30""7.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"66.75""8.0","4000","5000","6000","5500","4800","4200","3700","3500","71.20""9.0","4000","5000","6000","5000","4200","3700","3300","3100","80.10""10.0","4000","5000","5500","4500","3800","3300","3000","3000","89.0""11.0","4000","5000","5000","4000","3400","3300","2800",,"97.9""12.0","4000","5000","4500","3800","3100","2800",,,"106.8""13.0","4000","5000","4000","3600","2900",,,,"115.7""14.0","4000","4500","3800","3300","2700",,,,"124.6""15.0","4500","4300","3600","3100","2500",,,,"133.5""16.0","4500","4300","3400","2000","2400",,,,"142.4""17.0","4500","4000","3200","2700","2200",,,,"151.3""18.0","4500","3900","3000","2600",,,,,"160.2""19.0","4500","3700","2800","2400",,,,,"169.1""20.0","4500","3500","2600","2300",,,,,"178.0""21.0","4000","3300","2500","2200",,,,,"186.9""22.0","4000","3000","2400","2100",,,,,"195.8""23.0","4000","3000","2400","2000",,,,,"204.7""24.0","3500","2800","2200","1900",,,,,"213.6""25.0","3500","2800","2000","1800",,,,,"222.5""注 热轧板的宽度按100mm进级.""铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材(XC511)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积 (mm2)","理论重量 (kg/m)","H","B","b"1,"23","38","1.2","1.178","0.327"2,"26","34.5","3.5","3.157","0.875"3,"57","48","8","11.000","3.058"4,"68","38","2.5","3.509","0.976"5,"86","60","6","11.600","3.225""铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材(XC411)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"12.7","15.9","1.6","0.688","0.191",,11,"38","25","3","2.613","0.726"2,"20","15","1.2","0.578","0.163",,12,"44","25","4","3.690","1.001"3,"20","15","1.5","0.721","0.200",,13,"50","19","2.5","2.102","0.584"4,"25","18","1.5","0.885","0.246",,14,"80","30","3","4.020","1.118"5,"25","23","3.5","2.267","0.630",,15,"80","35","4","5.680","1.579"6,"31","25","2.5","1.900","0.528",,16,"80","40","4","6.080","1.690"7,"32","14","1.9","1.000","0.303",,17,"100","30","3","4.620","1.284"8,"34","25","3.5","2.764","0.768",,18,"100","35","4","6.480","1.801"9,"36","26","2.5","2.075","0.577",,19,"100","40","4","6.880","1.913"10,"36","31.5","3.2","2.960","0.823""铝及铝合金槽形型材""3,铝及铝合金槽形型材(XC311)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"13","13","1.6","0.561","0.156",,"31","45","40","3","3.638","1.011"2,"13","34","3.5","2.579","0.717",,"32","46","25","5","4.300","1.195"3,"20","15","1.3","0.620","0.172",,"33","50","20","4","5.331","0.926"4,"21","28","4","2.868","0.797",,"34","50","30","2","2.120","0.589"5,"25","13","2.4","1.134","0.315",,"35","50","30","4","4.131","1.148"6,"25","15","1.5","0.795","0.221",,"36","55","25","5","4.819","1.340"7,"25","18","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"37","55","30","3","3.299","0.917"8,"25","18","2","1.140","0.317",,"38","60","25","4","4.131","1.148"9,"25","20","2.5","1.520","0.423",,"39","60","35","5","6.000","1.668"10,"25","20","4","2.280","0.634",,"40","60","40","4","4.480","1.245"11,"25","25","5","3.250","0.904",,"41","63","38.3","4.8","6.275","1.744"12,"30","15","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"42","64","38","4","5.300","1.473"13,"30","18","1.5","0.960","0.267",,"43","70","25","3","3.449","0.959"14,"30","20","2","1.335","0.371",,"44","70","25","5","5.500","1.529"15,"30","22","6","3.870","1.076",,"45","70","26","3.2","3.700","1.028"16,"32","25","1.8","1.437","0.399",,"46","70","30","4","4.931","1.371"17,"32","25","2.5","1.925","0.535",,"47","70","40","5","7.080","1.968"18,"35","20","2.5","1.770","0.492",,"48","75","45","5","7.831","2.177"19,"35","30","2","1.833","0.510",,"49","80","30","4.5","6.010","1.671"20,"38","50","5","6.560","1.824",,"50","80","35","4.5","6.414","1.783"21,"40","18","2","1.453","0.404",,"51","80","35","6","8.280","2.302"22,"40","18","2.5","1.795","0.499",,"52","80","40","4","6.131","1.704"23,"40","18","3","2.129","0.592",,"53","80","40","6","8.900","2.474"24,"40","21","4","2.960","0.823",,"54","80","60","4","7.480","2.079"25,"40","25","2","1.730","0.481",,"55","90","50","6","10.680","2.969"26,"40","25","3","2.549","0.709",,"56","100","40","6","10.080","2.802"27,"40","30","3.5","3.250","0.904",,"57","100","48","6.3","11.550","3.211"28,"40","32","3","2.978","0.828",,"58","100","50","5","9.580","2.663"29,"40","50","4","5.280","1.468",,"59","128","40","9","17.100","4.754"30,"45","20","3","2.370","0.659""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管1""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","0.25","0.30","0.40","0.50","0.60","0.80","1.0","1.2",1.4,"1.5",1.6,1.8,"2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""50",,,,,,,"1.21","1.44","1.68","1.79","1.91","2.14","2.37","2.59","2.93","3.25","3.48","3.70","4.01","4.54","5.05","5.55""(51)",,,,,,,"1.23","1.47","1.71","1.83","1.96","2.18","2.42","2.64","2.99","3.32","3.55","3.79","4.10","4.64","5.16","5.67""53",,,,,,,"1.28","1.53","1.78","1.91","2.03","2.27","2.52","2.76","3.11","3.46","3.70","3.94","4.27","4.83","5.38","5.92""(54)",,,,,,,"1.31","1.59","1.82","1.94","2.07","2.31","2.56","2.81","3.18","3.53","3.77","4.02","4.36","4.93","5.49","6.04""56",,,,,,,"1.36","1.62","1.89","2.02","2.15","2.40","2.66","2.92","3.30","3.66","3.92","4.17","4.53","5.13","5.71","6.29""(57)",,,,,,,"1.38","1.65","1.92","2.05","2.18","2.45","2.71","2.97","3.36","3.74","4.00","4.25","4.62","5.23","5.83","6.41""60",,,,,,,"1.46","1.74","2.02","2.16","2.31","2.58","2.86","3.13","3.55","3.94","4.22","4.49","4.88","5.52","6.16","6.78""63",,,,,,,"1.53","1.83","2.13","2.27","2.42","2.71","3.01","3.30","3.72","4.15","4.44","4.73","5.13","5.81","6.49","7.14""65",,,,,,,"1.58","1.89","2.20","2.35","2.50","2.80","3.11","3.40","3.85","4.29","4.59","4.89","5.31","6.02","6.71","7.40""(68)",,,,,,,"1.65","1.98","2.36","2.46","2.62","2.93","3.26","3.57","4.04","4.49","4.81","5.12","5.57","6.31","7.05","7.77""70",,,,,,,"1.70","2.03","2.37","2.53","2.70","3.02","3.35","3.68","4.16","4.36","4.96","5.23","5.74","6.51","7.27","8.01""(73)",,,,,,,"1.78","2.12","2.47","2.64","2.82","3.16","3.50","3.84","4.35","4.84","5.18","5.52","6.00","6.81","7.60","8.38""75",,,,,,,"1.82","2.18","2.54","2.71","2.90","3.24","3.60","3.95","4.46","4.97","5.32","5.68","6.17","7.00","7.82","8.62""(76)",,,,,,,"1.85","2.21","2.57","2.76","2.94","3.29","3.65","4.00","4.53","5.05","5.40","5.75","6.26","7.10","7.93","8.75""80",,,,,,,,,"2.71","2.90","3.09","3.47","3.84","4.22","4.77","5.32","5.69","6.07","6.60","7.49","8.37","9.24""(83)",,,,,,,,,"2.82","3.02","3.21","3.60","4.00","4.37","4.96","5.52","5.92","6.31","6.86","7.79","8.71","9.62""85",,,,,,,,,"2.88","3.08","3.29","3.69","4.09","4.48","5.08","5.66","6.06","6.46","7.04","7.98","8.93","9.83""(89)",,,,,,,,,"3.02","3.24","3.45","3.86","4.29","4.70","5.33","5.94","6.36","6.77","7.38","8.38","9.38","10.33""90",,,,,,,,,"3.05","3.27","3.49","3.91","4.34","4.76","5.39","6.01","6.43","6.86","7.47","8.47","9.49","10.47""95",,,,,,,,,"3.21","3.46","3.68","4.13","4.59","5.02","5.70","6.36","6.81","7.26","7.90","8.98","10.04","11.10"100,,,,,,,,,"3.40","3.64","3.88","4.35","4.83","5.30","6.00","6.70","7.17","7.65","8.32","9.46","10.59","11.70""(102)",,,,,,,,,"3.46","3.73","3.97","4.45","4.93","5.40","6.13","6.84","7.32","7.81","8.50","9.67","10.82","11.96""(108)",,,,,,,,,"3.67","3.95","4.21","4.72","5.23","5.74","6.50","7.25","7.77","8.29","9.02","10.26","11.49","12.70"110,,,,,,,,,"3.74","4.03","4.28","4.81","5.32","5.84","6.62","7.39","7.92","8.43","9.19","10.46","11.70","12.93"120,,,,,,,,,,"4.36","4.66","5.25","5.83","6.38","7.24","8.07","8.66","9.22","10.06","11.44","12.93","14.30"125,,,,,,,,,,,,"5.46","6.06","6.64","7.54","8.42","9.02","9.61","10.50","11.91","13.37","14.80"130,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"7.86","8.78","9.40","10.00","10.92","12.43","13.92","15.48""(133)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"8.05","8.98","9.59","10.25","11.18","12.75","14.26","15.75"140,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.11","10.79","11.80","13.42","15.05","16.65"150,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.85","11.52","12.65","14.39","16.11","17.85"160,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"13.53","15.38","17.25","19.09"170,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"14.31","16.31","18.35","20.30"180,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"15.20","17.30","19.50","21.59"190,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"18.29","20.60","22.80"200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"19.67","21.65","24.00""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管2""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","5.5","6.0","6.5","7.0","7.5","8.0","8.5","9","9.5","10",11,12,"钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""5""6""7""8""9""10","0.518","0.536","0.561""11","0.592","0.615","0.647""12","0.666","0.694","0.734","0.789""(13)","0.740","0.774","0.820","0.888""14","0.814","0.852","0.906","0.986""(15)","0.888","0.932","0.993","1.09","1.17","1.23""16","0.962","1.10","1.08","1.18","1.28","1.35""(17)","1.04","1.09","1.17","1.28","1.39","1.48""18","1.11","1.17","1.25","1.38","1.50","1.60""(19)","1.18","1.25","1.34","1.48","1.61","1.73","1.54","1.92""20","1.26","1.33","1.42","1.58","1.72","1.85","1.97","2.07""(21)","1.33","1.41","1.51","1.68","1.83","1.97","2.10","2.22""22","1.41","1.49","1.60","1.77","1.94","2.10","2.24","2.37""(23)","1.48","1.57","1.68","1.87","2.05","2.22","2.37","2.52""(24)","1.55","1.64","1.77","1.97","2.16","2.34","2.51","2.66","2.81","2.93""25","1.63","1.72","1.86","2.07","2.28","2.47","2.64","2.81","2.97","3.11""(27)","1.78","1.88","2.03","2.27","2.50","2.71","2.92","3.11","3.29","3.45""28","1.85","1.96","2.11","2.37","2.61","2.84","3.05","3.26","3.45","3.68""29","1.92","2.02","2.20","2.47","2.72","2.96","3.19","3.40","3.60","3.80","3.98""30","2.00","2.12","2.29","2.56","2.83","3.08","3.32","3.55","3.77","3.97","4.16","4.34""32","2.15","1.28","2.46","2.76","3.05","3.33","3.59","3.85","4.09","4.32","4.53","4.74""34","2.29","2.43","2.63","2.96","3.27","3.58","3.87","4.14","4.41","4.66","4.90","5.13""(35)","2.37","2.51","2.72","3.06","3.38","3.70","4.00","4.29","4.57","4.83","5.09","5.33""36","2.44","2.59","2.81","3.16","3.50","3.82","4.14","4.44","4.73","5.01","5.27","5.52""38","2.59","2.75","2.98","3.35","3.72","4.07","4.41","4.74","5.05","5.35","5.64","5.92","6.18","6.44""40","2.74","2.91","3.15","3.55","3.94","4.32","4.68","5.03","5.37","5.70","6.01","6.31","6.60","6.88""42","2.89","3.07","3.32","3.75","4.16","4.56","4.95","5.33","5.69","6.04","6.38","6.71","7.02","7.32""44.5","3.07","3.25","3.54","4.00","4.44","4.87","5.29","5.70","6.09","6.47","6.84","7.20","7.55","7.88""45","3.11","3.31","3.58","4.04","4.49","4.93","5.36","5.77","6.17","6.56","6.94","7.30","7.65","7.99","8.32","8.63""48","3.33","3.54","3.84","4.34","4.83","5.30","5.76","6.21","6.65","7.08","7.49","7.89","8.28","8.66","9.03","9.57""水,煤气输送钢管""1,水,煤气输送钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)234-63]""公称内径",,"钢 管 螺 纹",,"外径 (mm)","普通管",,"加厚管""mm","(in.)",,"壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)","壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)""6","1/8''","10","2","0.89","2.50","0.46""8","1/4''","13.5","2.25","0.62","2.75","0.73""10","3/8''","17","2.25","0.82","2.75","0.97""15","1/2''","21.25","2.75","1.25","3.25","1.44""20","3/4''","26.75","2.75","1.63","3.5","2.01""25","1''","33.5","3.25","2.42","4","2.91""32","1 1''/4","42.25","3.25","3.13","4","3.77""40","1 1''/2","48","3.5","3.84","4.25","4.58""50","2''","60","3.5","4.88","4.5","6.16""70","2 1''/2","75.5","3.75","6.64","4.5","7.88""80","3''","88.5","4","8.34","4.75","9.81""100","4''","114","4","10.85","5","13.44""125","5''","140","4.5","15.04","5.5","18.24""150","6''","165","4.5","17.81","5.5","21.63""注(1)表列钢管是适用于输送水,煤气及采暖系统等用的钢管.分镀锌和不镀锌(黑管)两种;又分带螺纹和"" 不带螺纹两种;按壁厚可分为普通钢管,加厚钢管和薄壁钢管."" (2)钢管的长度规定为:无螺纹的黑管4~12m;带螺纹的黑管和镀锌管4~9m.每批允许有10%的(按根数计算)"" 2~4m长的短尺钢管或4~9m米长的接管(即用一个管接头将两根钢管连接而成)."" (3)经供需双方协议,可供应定尺长度或倍尺长度的钢管.其最大长度可到8m.按倍尺交货的钢管,每个单"" 倍尺应留切口5~10mm."" (4)钢管用易焊接的软钢制造,钢号和制造方法(炉焊或电焊)均由制造厂选择."" (5)钢管应能承受下列规定压力的水压试验:普通钢管和薄壁钢管:20kg/cm2;加厚钢管30kg/cm2.""电丝套管""2,电丝套管规格,重量表""名称","外径 (mm)","近似内径 (mm)","管壁厚度 (mm)","重量 (kg/m)","每吨长度 (m/t)""5/8''","15.9","12.3","1.8","0.626","1597.44""3/4''","19.1","15.5","1.8","0.627","1302.08""1''","25.4","21.8","1.8","0.628","954.20""1 1''/4","31.8","28.2","1.8","0.629","750.75""1 1''/2","38.1","34.5","1.8","0.630","620.73""电焊钢管""电焊钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)242-68]""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)",0.5,0.6,0.8,"1.0","1.2","1.4","1.5","1.6","1.8","2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","3.8","4.0",4.2,4.5,4.8,"5.0",5.5,"钢 管 的 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""(5)","0.055","0.065","0.083","0.099""(6)","0.068","0.080","0.108","0.123""(7)","0.080","0.095","0.122","0.148""(8)","0.092","0.110","0.142","0.173","(0.202)""(9)","0.105","0.125","0.162","0.197","0.231""10","0.117","0.139","0.182","0.222","(0.261)""(11)","0.129","0.154","0.201","0.247","0.290""12","0.142","0.169","0.221","0.271","0.320","0.365","(0.388)","0.411""(13)",,"0.184","0.241","0.296","0.349","0.400","0.425","0.451""(14)",,"0.199","0.260","0.321","0.379","0.434","0.462","0.490""15",,"0.214","0.280","0.345","0.409","0.468","(0.499)","0.529""16",,"0.228","0.300","0.370","0.438","0.503","(0.536)","0.568""(17)",,"0.244","0.320","0.395","0.468","0.537","0.573","0.608""18",,"0.258","0.340","0.419","0.497","0..572","(0.610)","0.647","(0.717)","(0.789)""(19)",,"0.274","0.359","0.444","0.527","0

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在20-40吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。　　　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。　　　　简单来说，冷轧，是在热轧板卷的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧---酸洗---冷轧这样的加工过程。　　　　冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由于热轧经过连续冷变型而成的冷轧，在机械性能比较差，硬度太高。必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。　　　　冷轧一般都会经过退火处理。

冷轧薄钢板，简称冷轧钢板、冷轧薄板、冷轧板、冷板等。它还包括不锈钢板、弹簧钢板、硬钢片、镀锌板、镀锡板、镀铝板等。冷轧薄钢带，简称冷轧钢带、冷轧带钢、钢带、带钢、薄钢带、冷轧卷等。还包括不锈钢带、镀锌钢带、镀锡钢带等。 冷轧钢板标准 冷轧薄钢板、钢带（以下简称冷轧薄板）主要用于零件的冲压加工，而冷轧薄板的力学性能十分重要，它直接关系到板材的冲压性能。冷轧薄板是以不同的热处理状态分级的，不同硬度的材料，用于不同的加工方法，国家标准GB/T 13237-1991《优质碳素结构钢冷轧薄钢板和钢带》将冷轧薄板大致分为三级，P级用于普通冲压，S级用于深度冲压，Z级用于最深度冲压。中国冶金标准YB/T 5059-1993《低碳钢冷轧钢带》将薄钢板按硬度分为五级，即：TR（特级）、R（软）、BR（半软）、DY（低硬）和Y（冷硬）。其实通过一定的冷轧变形程度和冷轧后热处理的恰当配合，可以在广泛的范围内满足用户关于材料力学性能方面的要求。冷轧薄板根据用户加工上的要求可以分成更多的级别。例如：日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》的分类除分为一般用（spcc）、冲压用(spcd)和深冲压用（spce）三类外，还细分为退火、标准调质、1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬、全硬等级别。 在冷轧薄板力学性能的检测方面，一些标准只规定了拉伸试验，另一些标准除拉伸试验外还规定了硬度试验。 中国标准GB/T 13237-1991就只规定了拉伸试验，技术要求冷轧钢板标准如表一所示：牌号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率不小于拉延级别Z－S和PZSP08F275～365275～38034323008,08Al,10F275～390275～41032302810295～410295～43030392815F315～430315～45029282715335～450335～47027262520355～490335～50026252425——390～540——242330——440～590——222135——490～635——201940——510～650————1845——530～680————1650——540～715————14 日本标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》（该标准中包含了冷轧薄钢板和钢带）规定了拉伸试验，也规定了硬度试验，该标准的力学性能要求如下：表二：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的拉伸试验质牌号抗拉强度/MPa 不小于 伸长率/%不小于试样按以下公称厚度/mm>=0.250.250.400.601.01.6>=2.5SPCC SPCD SPCE(270) 270 270(32) 34 36(34) 36 3836 38 40　 37 39 41 　　 (38) 40 42 　39 41 435号试样轧制方向 表三：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的硬度值。调质区分符号 硬度最大HRBHV退火A57105标准调质S65115 注：厚度小于0.6mm的钢板和钢带，原则上不进行拉伸试验。 表四：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬材料的拉伸试验值。调质区分 符号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率/%最小试样1/8硬8294～410255号试样轧制方向1/4硬4370～490101/2硬2440～590——硬1>=550——     表五：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬状态的硬度值。调质区分符号HRBHV1/8硬 1/4硬8450～7165～8095～130 115～1501/2硬 硬2174～89 ≥85135～185 ≥170注：HRB和HV，仅选用其中之一。英国标准BS 1449/1.9-1991《厚板、薄板和钢带第一部分：碳素钢和碳锰钢厚板、薄板和钢带具有成形性能的冷轧窄钢带技术条件》对冷轧板分级为CS1（铝镇静稳定化超深冲）、CS2（超深冲）、CS3（深冲）、CS4（折边）、CS15（商品级）。这项标准的力学性能要求如表六所示： 表六：钢材交货时的力学性能轧制状态和级别退火（A）或平整冷轧（SP）状态硬度HV1)2)最大屈服强度Re1)/MPa最小抗拉强度Rm1)/MPa最小伸长率A1)/%最小弯心直径1)（180°弯曲）原始标距LO50mm80mmCS1A9514027038（36）0aSP10514027036（34）0aCS2A9514027036（34）0a SP10014027036（34）0aCS3A100（140）（280）（34）（32）0aSP110（140）（280）（34）（32）0aCS4A105（140）（280）——0aSP115（140）（280）——0a 注：1）窄钢带交货应符合，或者硬度和弯曲试验，或者拉伸和弯曲试验，但硬度和拉伸试验不应同时进行。     2）对于SP（平整冷轧）状态，与镀层精整（PL）或镜面光洁度（MF），或以“无拉伸痕”交货的钢材组合，最大硬度可以提高5个HV或抗拉强度可以提高20MPa。     3）牌号CS2、CS3和CS4的硬度值仅适用于沸腾钢。 如上所述冷轧薄板的力学性能可以通过拉伸试验来检测，也可以通过硬度试验来检测。由于硬度试验设备简单、易于掌握，试验效率高，并且金属硬度与强度之间有一定的对应关系，所以硬度检测是确定材料力学性能的更方便的方法。冷轧薄板的硬度检测可以用于冷轧板生产过程的质量控制，更适于生产冲压产品的厂家对原材料进行力学性能的复检。 日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996规定的硬度试验是洛氏硬度HRB和维氏硬度HV。维氏硬度试验可用于冷轧薄板，但洛氏硬度HRB却不适用于测试薄板材料。因为当板材厚度小于2mm时，测试HRB硬度可能会因为发生“测砧效应”而使测量的硬度值失准。对于薄板材料，可以测试表面洛氏硬度HRN或HRT，然后换算成HRB或HV硬度。冷轧钢板标准生产了一种便携式表面洛氏硬度计，它非常适合测试薄板和钢带材料，它可以在生产现场、销售现场或材料仓库快速进行冷轧薄板材料的洛氏硬度检测，完成一次测量仅需要10秒钟时间，检测的板材厚度范围为0.05-50mm。这种仪器可以用在冷轧薄板带的生产线上，对产品的热处理效果进行在线的质量控制。这种仪器更适用于冲压产品的生产厂家。可以用它对购入的板材硬度进行复检，可以携带它去钢材市场选购材料，也可以利用它对自己厂生产的冲压产品进行硬度检测。 这种仪器如果配上一个支承座，还可以放到办公桌上使用。可以对成批的成品或半成品工件做逐件检测。它的测试精度与台式洛氏硬度计相同。 目前冷轧薄带材料正在向超薄方向发展，据报道，上海宝钢已扎制出厚度为0.08mm的冷轧薄板带材。采用本所生产的PHR-1S型表面洛氏硬度计，配一个金刚点砧座，就可测试薄至0.05mm冷轧薄板带材料的硬度。 这种应用完全可以取代维氏硬度计，使冷轧薄板材料的力学性能检测实现快速、简便、经济。

冷轧镀锌板，是一种镀锌钢板。钢板按轧制分为热轧和冷轧两种。冷轧板是平板状的，矩形的，可直接轧制而成的。冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧和热轧的区别： 1、冷轧成型钢允许截面出现局部屈曲，从而可以充分利用杆件屈曲后的承载力；而热轧型钢不允许截面发生局部屈曲。2、热轧型钢和冷轧型钢残余应力产生的原因不同，所以截面上的分布也有很大差异。冷弯薄壁型钢截面上的残余应力分布是弯曲型的，而热扎型钢或焊接型钢截面上残余应力分布是薄膜型。3、热轧型钢的自由扭转刚度比冷轧型钢高，所以热轧型钢的抗扭性能要优于冷轧型钢。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。冷轧镀锌板用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及 产业 设备、各种建筑材料。

钢材是钢锭、钢坯或钢材通过压力加工制成所需要的各种形状、尺寸和性能的材料的统称，一般分为型材、板材、管材和金属制品四大类。A1000-99钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:弹簧专用碳钢和合金钢钢丝规范钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A1001-99钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:大型材高强度钢铸件规范钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A1002-99钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:镍铝类合金铸件规范钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A100-93(2000)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:硅铁钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A101-93(2000)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:铬铁钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A102-93(2000)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:钒铁合金钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A105/A105M-01钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:管系部件用碳素钢锻件钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A106-999e1钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:高温用无缝碳素钢管钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A108-99钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:优质冷加工碳素钢棒材技术规范钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A109/A109M-00e1钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:冷轧碳素钢带技术规范钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A111-99a钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:电话和电报线路用镀锌"铁"丝规格钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A116-00钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:镀锌钢丝编织栏栅网钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A121-99钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:镀锌刺钢丝钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A123/A123M-00钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:钢铁产品的锌镀层（热浸镀锌）技术规范钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A125-96钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:热处理螺旋形钢弹簧钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A126-95(2001)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:阀门、法兰和管配件用灰铁铸件钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A128/A128M-93(1998)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:钢铸件,奥氏体锰钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A131/A131M-94钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:海船用结构钢钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A132-89(2000)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:钼铁合金钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A134-96钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:电熔(电弧)焊钢管(NPS为16英寸和16英寸以上)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A135-01钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:电阻焊钢管钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A139-00钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:电熔(电弧)焊钢管(4英寸以上的)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A143-74(1999)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:热浸镀锌结构钢制品防脆裂措施和探测脆裂的程序钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A146-64(2000)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:氧化钼制品钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A148/A148M-01钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:结构用高强度钢铸件钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A153/A153M-00钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:钢铁制金属构件上镀锌层(热浸)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A159-83(2001)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:汽车用灰铁铸件钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A167-99钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:不锈钢和耐热铬镍钢板、薄板及带材钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A176-99钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:不锈钢和耐热铬钢板、薄板及带材钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A178/A178M-95(2000)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:电阻焊接碳素钢钢管及碳锰钢锅炉和过热器管的技术规范钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A179/A179M-90a(1996)e1钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:热交换器和冷凝器用无缝冷拉低碳钢管钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A181/A181M-01钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:普通锻制碳素钢管的规格钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A182/A182M-01钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:高温设备用锻制或轧制的合金钢管法兰、锻制管件、阀门及零件钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A183-98钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:钢轨用碳素钢螺栓和螺母钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A184/A184M-01钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:混凝土加筋用变形钢筋编织网钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A185-97钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:钢筋混凝土用焊接钢丝结构钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A1-00钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:碳素钢丁字轨钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A192/A192M-91(1996)e1钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:高压用无缝碳素钢锅炉管钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A193/A193M-01钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:高温设备用合金钢和不锈钢螺栓材料钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A194/A194M-01钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:高温和高压设备用碳素钢与合金钢螺栓和螺母的规格钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A197/A197M-00钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:化铁炉用可锻铸铁钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A20/A20M-01钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:压力容器用钢板材通用要求钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A202/A202M-93(1999)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:压力容器用铬锰硅合金钢板钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A203/A203M-97钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:压力容器用镍合金钢板钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A204/A204M-93(1999)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:压力容器用钼合金钢板钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A209/A209M-98钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:锅炉和过热器用无缝碳钼合金钢管钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A210/A210M-96钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:锅炉和过热器用无缝中碳素管钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A213/A213M-01钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:无缝铁素体和奥氏体合金钢锅炉、过热器和换热器管钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A214/A214M-96钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:热交换器与冷凝器用电阻焊接碳素钢管钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A216/A216M-93(1998)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:高温下使用的适合于熔焊的碳素钢铸件规格钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A217/A217M-01钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:适合高温受压零件用合金钢和马氏体不锈钢铸件钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A21-94(1999)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:铁路用未经热处理和经热处理的碳素钢轴钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A220/A220M-99钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:珠光体可锻铁钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A225/A225M-93(1999)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:压力容器用锰矾镍合金钢板钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A227/A227M-99钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:机械弹簧用冷拉钢丝钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A228/A228M-00钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:乐器用优质弹簧钢丝钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A229/A229M-99钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:机械弹簧用油回火的钢丝钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A230/A230M-99钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:阀门用油回火优质碳素钢弹簧丝钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A231/A231M-96钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:铬钒合金钢弹簧丝钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A232/A232M-99钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:阀门用优质铬钒合金钢弹簧丝钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A234/A234M-00a钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:中温与高温下使用的锻制碳素钢及合金钢管配件钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A239-95(1999)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:用普力斯试验法(硫酸铜浸蚀)确定铁或钢制品上镀锌层最薄点的测试方法钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A240/A240M-01钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:压力容器用耐热铬及铬镍不锈钢板、薄板及带材钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A242/A242M-00a钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:高强度低合金结构钢钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A247-67(1998)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:铁铸件中石墨显微结构评定试验方法钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A249/A249M-01钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:锅炉、过热器、换热器和冷凝器用焊接奥氏体钢管钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A250/A250M-95(2001)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:锅炉和过热器用电阻焊铁素体合金钢管钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A252-98e1钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:焊接钢和无缝钢管桩钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A254-97钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:铜焊钢管规格钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A255-99钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:测定钢淬透性用末端淬火试验的标准试验方法钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A262-98钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:奥氏体不锈钢晶间浸蚀敏感性的检测钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A263-94a(1999)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:耐腐蚀铬钢包覆板材,薄板材及带材技术规范钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A264-94a(1999)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:包覆的不锈铬镍钢板,薄板及带材规格钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A265-94a(1999)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:镍和镍基合金包覆钢板规格钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A266/A266M-99钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:压力容器部件用碳素钢锻件规格钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A268/A268M-01钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:一般设备用无缝和焊接铁素体与马氏体不锈钢管钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A269-01钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:一般设备用无缝和焊接奥氏体不锈钢管钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A27/A27M-95(2000)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:通用碳素钢铸件钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A270-01钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:卫生设施用无缝钢和焊接奥氏体不锈钢管钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A275/A275M-98钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:钢锻件的磁粉检查试验方法钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A276-00a钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:不锈钢棒材和型材钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A278-93钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:适用于650F容压部件用灰铸铁件的技术规范钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A283/A283M-00钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:低和中等抗拉强度碳素钢板钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A285/A285M-90(2001)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:压力容器用低和中等抗拉强度的碳素钢板钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A288-91(1998)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:涡轮发电机磁性定位环用碳素钢和合金钢锻件钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A289/A289M-97钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:发电机非磁性定位环用合金钢锻件的技术规范钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A29/A29M-99e1钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:热锻及冷加工碳素钢和合金钢棒钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A2-90(1997)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:普通型,带槽和防护型碳素工字钢轨钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A290-95(1999)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:减速器环用碳素钢和合金钢锻件钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A291-95(1999)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:减速器小齿轮、齿轮和心轴用碳素钢和合金钢锻件钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A295-98钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:高碳耐磨轴承钢技术规范钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A297/A297M-97(1998)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:一般用耐热铬铁与镍铬铁合金钢铸件规格钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A299/A299M-97e1钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:压力容器用锰硅碳钢板钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A302/A302M-97e1钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:压力容器用锰钼和锰钼镍合金钢板钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A304-96钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:有末端淬火淬透性要求的合金钢棒材的技术规范钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A307-00钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:抗拉强度为60000psi的碳素钢螺栓和螺柱的技术规范钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A308-99钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:经热浸处理镀有铅锡合金的薄板材的技术规范钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A309-94a(1999)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:用三点试验法测定长镀锌薄钢板镀层的重量成分的试验方法钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A311/A311M-95(2000)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:有机械性能要求的消除应力的冷拉碳素钢棒钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A312/A312M-00c钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:无缝和焊接奥氏体不锈钢管钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A313/A313M-98钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:不锈钢弹簧丝技术规范钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A314-97钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:锻造用不锈及耐热钢坯及钢棒规格钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A31-00钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:钢铆钉及铆钉和压力容器用棒材钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A319-71(2001)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:高温无压部件用灰铁铸件钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A320/A320M-01钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:低温用合金钢螺栓材料规格钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A321-90(1995)e1钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:经淬火和回火的碳素钢棒钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A322-91(1996)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:合金钢棒材.级别钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A323-93(2000)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:硼铁规格钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A324-73(2000)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:钛铁合金钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A325-00钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:经热处理最小抗拉强度为120/105ksi的钢结构螺栓钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A325M-00钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:结构钢连接件用高强度螺栓(米制)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A327-91(1997)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:铸铁冲击试验方法钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A327M-91(1997)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:铸铁冲击试验方法(米制)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A328/A328M-00钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:薄钢板桩钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A331-95(2000)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:冷加工合金钢棒钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A333/A333M-99钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:低温用无缝与焊接钢管规格钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A334/A334M-99钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:低温设备用无缝与焊接碳素和合金钢管钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A335/A335M-01钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:高温用无缝铁素体合金钢管钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A336/A336M-99e1钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:压力与高温部件用合金钢锻件规格钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表: A338-84(1998)钢材代码表|钢材规格|钢材规格表|钢材规格重量表:铁路,船舶和其他重型装备在温度达到650华

钢材镀锌是提高钢材耐锈蚀性能、装饰美观的一种工艺手法。目前，最常用的钢材镀锌方法是热镀锌。钢材（Steel）：是钢锭、钢坯或钢材通过压力加工制成所需要的各种形状、尺寸和性能的材料。钢材是国家建设和实现四化必不可少的重要物资，应用广泛、品种繁多，根据断面形状的不同、钢材一般分为型材、板材、管材和 金属 制品四大类、为了便于组织钢材的生产、订货供应和搞好经营管理工作，又分为重轨、轻轨、大型型钢、中型型钢、小型型钢、钢材冷弯型钢，优质型钢、线材、中厚钢板、薄钢板、电工用硅钢片、带钢、无缝钢管钢材、焊接钢管、 金属 制品等品种。钢是含碳量在0.04%-2.3%之间的铁碳合金。为了保证其韧性和塑性，含碳量一般不超过1.7%。钢的主要元素除铁、碳外，还有硅、锰、硫、磷等。钢材 有色金属 又称非铁 金属 ，指除黑色 金属 外的 金属 和合金，如铜、锡、铅、锌、铝以及黄铜、青铜、铝合金和轴承合金等。另外在工业上还采用铬、镍、锰、钼、钴钢材、钒、钨、钛等，这些 金属 主要用作合金附加物，以改善 金属 的性能，其中钨、钢材钛、钼等多用以生产刀具用的硬质合金。以上这些 有色金属 都称为工业用 金属 ，钢材此外还有贵重 金属 ：铂、金、银等和稀有 金属 ，包括放射性的铀、镭等钢材。中国钢材需要的政策面固然很踊跃，然而产能过剩不是在2010年就可以处理的成绩。只需产能过剩使不得无效处理，只管出什么样的计划，不落到实处，在弱势需要的条件下，钢材 价格 很难有大的走强的态势涌现。但钢材镀锌后 价格 完全不同，结合镀锌所带来的优势，镀锌钢材 价格 有望走上坡。

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板。冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，冷轧钢板的密度不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。冷轧钢板的密度：热轧钢板含碳量可比冷轧钢板略高些。在成份相持不大的情况下密度是一样的。但如果成份相差悬殊，如不锈钢不论冷轧、热轧密度都在7.9g/cm3左右。具体还要看成份，热轧只是延展性更好，钢材同样受到压力作用

线　　材：普线 高线 螺纹钢    型　　材：工字钢 槽钢 角钢 方钢 重轨 高工钢 H型钢 圆钢 不等边角钢 扁钢 轻轨 齿轮钢 六角钢 耐热钢棒 合结圆钢 合工圆钢 方管 碳工钢 轴承钢 碳结圆钢 不锈圆钢 轴承圆钢 矩型管 弹簧钢板　　材：中厚板 容器板 中板 碳结板 锅炉板 低合金板 花纹板 冷板 热板 冷卷板 热卷板 镀锌板 电镀锌板 电镀锌卷 锰板 不锈钢板 硅钢片 彩涂板 彩钢瓦楞铁 镀锌卷板 热轧带钢    管　　材：焊管 不锈钢管 热镀锌管 冷镀锌管 无缝管 螺旋管 热轧无缝    金属材料：生铁 马口铁 铝 铅 黄铜 锡 锌　　一、黑色金属、钢和有色金属　　在介绍钢的分类之前先简略介绍一下黑色金属、钢与有色金属的基本概念。　　1、黑色金属是指铁和铁的合金。如钢、生铁合金、铸铁等。钢和生铁都是以铁为根底，以碳为首要增加元素的合金，统称为铁碳合金。生铁是指把铁矿石放到高炉中冶炼而成的产品，首要用来炼钢和制作铸件。把铸造生铁放在熔铁炉中熔炼，即得到铸铁（液状），把液状铸铁浇铸成铸件，这种铸铁叫铸铁件。    铁合金是由铁与硅、锰、铬、钛等元素组成的合金，铁合金是炼钢的质料之一，在炼钢时做钢的脱氧剂和合金元素增加剂用。　　2、把炼钢用生铁放到炼钢炉内按必定工艺熔炼，即得到钢。钢的产品有钢锭、连铸坯和直接铸成各种钢铸件等。一般所讲的钢，一般是指轧制成各种钢材的钢。钢归于黑色金属但钢不完全等于黑色金属。　　3、有色金属又称非铁金属，指除黑色金属外的金属和合金，如铜、锡、铅、锌、铝以及黄铜、青铜、铝合金和轴承合金等。另外在工业上还选用铬、镍、锰、钼、钴、钒、钨、钛等，这些金属首要用作合金附加物，以改进金属的功能，其间钨、钛、钼等多用以出产刀具用的硬质合金。以上这些有色金属都称为工业用金属，此外还有宝贵金属：铂、金、银等和稀有金属，包含放射性的铀、镭等。　　二、钢的分类　　钢是含碳量在0.04%-2.3%之间的铁碳合金。为了保证其耐性和塑性，含碳量一般不超越1.7%。钢的首要元素除铁、碳外，还有硅、锰、硫、磷等。钢的分类办法多种多样，其首要办法有如下七种：　　1、按质量分类　　(1) 普通钢（P≤0.045%，S≤0.050%）　　(2) 优质钢（P、S均≤0.035%）　　(3) 高档优质钢（P≤0.035%，S≤0.030%）　　2.、按化学成份分类　　(1) 碳素钢：a.低碳钢（C≤0.25%）；b.中碳钢（C≤0.25~0.60%）；c.高碳钢（C≤0.60%）。　　(2)合金钢：a.低合金钢（合金元素总含量≤5%）b.中合金钢（合金元素总含量＞5~10%）c.高合金钢（合金元素总含量＞10%）。　　3、按成形办法分类：(1) 锻钢；(2) 铸钢；(3) 热轧钢；(4) 冷拉钢。　　4、按金相安排分类　　(1) 退火状况的a.亚共析钢（铁素体+珠光体）b.共析钢（珠光体）c.过共析钢（珠光体+渗碳体）d.莱氏体钢（珠光体+渗体）。　　(2) 正火状况的：a.珠光体钢；b.贝氏体钢；c.马氏体钢；d.奥氏体钢。　　(3) 无相变或部分发作相变的　　5、按用处分类　　(1) 建筑及工程用钢：a.普通碳素结构钢；b.低合金结构钢；c.钢筋钢。　　(2) 结构钢a.机械制作用钢：(a)调质结构钢；(b)表面硬化结构钢：包含渗碳钢、钢、表面淬火用钢；(c)易切结构钢；(d)冷塑性成形用钢：包含冷冲压用钢、冷镦用钢。　b.弹簧钢　c.轴承钢　　(3) 工具钢：a.碳素工具钢；b.合金工具钢；c.高速工具钢。　　(4) 特殊功能钢：a.不锈耐酸钢b.耐热钢包含抗氧化钢、热强钢、气阀钢c.电热合金钢；d.耐磨钢；e.低温用钢；f.电工用钢　　(5) 专业用钢——如桥梁用钢、船只用钢、锅炉用钢、压力容器用钢、农机用钢等。　　6、归纳分类　　(1)普通钢a.碳素结构钢：(a) Q195；(b) Q215(A、B)；(c) Q235(A、B、C)；(d) Q255(A、B)；(e) Q275。b.低合金结构钢c.特定用处的普通结构钢　　(2)优质钢（包含高档优质钢）　　 a.结构钢：(a)优质碳素结构钢；(b)合金结构钢；(c)弹簧钢；(d)易切钢；(e)轴承钢；　　　　　　　 (f)特定用处优质结构钢。　　 b.工具钢：(a)碳素工具钢；(b)合金工具钢；(c)高速工具钢。c.特殊功能钢：(a)不锈耐酸钢；(b)耐热钢；　　　　　　　 (c)电热合金钢；(d)电工用钢；(e)高锰耐磨钢。　　7、按冶炼办法分类　　(1) 按炉种分a.平炉钢:(a)酸性平炉钢；(b)碱性平炉钢。　　　　　　　　b.转炉钢:(a)酸性转炉钢;(b)碱性转炉钢。或 (a)底吹转炉钢;(b)侧吹转炉钢；(c)顶吹转炉钢。　　　　　　　　c.电炉钢:(a)电弧炉钢；(b)电渣炉钢；(c)感应炉钢；(d)真空自耗炉钢；(e)电子束炉钢。　　(2)按脱氧程度和浇注准则分a.沸腾钢；b.半镇静钢；镇静钢；d.特殊镇静钢。

（二）电工用冷轧硅钢薄板（GB2521-88）  　　用含硅0.8％-4.8％的电工硅钢为材质，经冷轧而成。  　　冷轧硅钢片分晶粒无取向和晶粒取向两种钢带。冷轧电工钢带具有表面平整、厚度均匀、叠装系数高、冲片性好等特点，且比热轧电工钢带磁感高、铁损低。用冷带代替热轧带制造电机或变压器，其重量和体积可减少0％-25％。若用冷轧取向带，性能更佳，用它代替热轧带或低档次冷轧带，可减少变压器电能消耗量45％-50％，且变压器工作性能更可靠。  　　用于制造电机和变压器。通常，晶粒无取向冷轧带用作电机或焊接变压器等的状态；晶粒取向冷轧带用作电源变压器、脉冲变压器和磁放大器等的铁芯。  　　钢板规格尺寸：厚度为0.35、0.50、0.65mm，宽度为800-1000mm，长度为≤2.0m。

钢材的保管   双击自动滚屏 发布者：聊城市联谊物资有限公司 发布时间：2008-11-9 阅读：95次 【字体：大 中 小】     1．选择适宜的场地和库房     1)保管钢材的场地或仓库，应选择在清洁干净、排水通畅的地方，远离产生有害气体或粉尘的厂矿。在场地上要清除杂草及一切杂物，保持钢材干净      2)在仓库里不得与酸、碱、盐、水泥等对钢材有侵蚀性的材料堆放在一起。不同品种的钢材应分别堆放，防止混淆，防止接触腐蚀     3)大型型钢、钢轨、辱钢板、大口径钢管、锻件等可以露天堆放     4)中小型型钢、盘条、钢筋、中口径钢管、钢丝及钢丝绳等，可在通风良好的料棚内存放，但必须上苫下垫      5)一些小型钢材、薄钢板、钢带、硅钢片、小口径或薄壁钢管、各种冷轧、冷拔钢材以及价格高、易腐蚀的金属制品，可存放入库    6)库房应根据地理条件选定，一般采用普通封闭式库房，即有房顶有围墙、门窗严密，设有通风装置的库房    7)库房要求晴天注意通风，雨天注意关闭防潮，经常保持适宜的储存环境

我们常说的钢材的密度有以下几种方面: 钢的密度为： 7.85g/cm3  钢材理论重量计算  钢材理论重量计算的计量单位为公斤（ kg ）。其基本公式为：  W（重量，kg ）=F(断面积 mm2)×L(长度，m)×ρ(密度，g/cm3)×1/1000  各种钢材理论重量计算公式如下：  名称（单位）  计算公式  符号意义  计算举例  圆钢 盘条（kg/m）   W= 0.006165 ×d×d   d = 直径mm   直径100 mm 的圆钢，求每m 重量。每m 重量= 0.006165 ×1002=61.65kg   螺纹钢（kg/m）   W= 0.00617 ×d×d   d= 断面直径mm   断面直径为12 mm 的螺纹钢，求每m 重量。每m 重量=0.00617 ×12 2=0.89kg   方钢（kg/m）   W= 0.00785 ×a ×a   a= 边宽mm   边宽20 mm 的方钢，求每m 重量。每m 重量= 0.00785 ×202=3.14kg   扁钢   （kg/m）   W= 0.00785 ×b ×d   b= 边宽mm   d= 厚mm   边宽40 mm ，厚5mm 的扁钢，求每m 重量。每m 重量= 0.00785 ×40 ×5= 1.57kg   六角钢  （kg/m）  W= 0.006798 ×s×s  s= 对边距离mm  对边距离50 mm 的六角钢，求每m 重量。每m 重量= 0.006798 ×502=17kg  八角钢  （kg/m）  W= 0.0065 ×s ×s  s= 对边距离mm  对边距离80 mm 的八角钢，求每m 重量。每m 重量= 0.0065 ×802=41.62kg  等边角钢  （kg/m）  = 0.00785 ×[d （2b – d ）+0.215 （R2 – 2r 2 ）]  b= 边宽  d= 边厚  R= 内弧半径  r= 端弧半径  求20 mm ×4mm 等边角钢的每m 重量。从冶金产品目录中查出4mm ×20 mm 等边角钢的R 为3.5 ，r 为1.2 ，则每m 重量= 0.00785 ×[4 ×（2 ×20 – 4 ）+0.215 ×（3.52 – 2 ×1.2 2 ）]=1.15kg  不等边角钢  （kg/m）  W= 0.00785 ×[d （B+b – d ）+0.215 （R2 – 2 r 2 ）]  B= 长边宽  b= 短边宽  d= 边厚  R= 内弧半径  r= 端弧半径  求30 mm ×20mm ×4mm 不等边角钢的每m 重量。从冶金产品目录中查出30 ×20 ×4 不等边角钢的R 为3.5 ，r 为1.2 ，则每m 重量= 0.00785 ×[4 ×（30+20 – 4 ）+0.215 ×（3.52 – 2 ×1.2 2 ）]=1.46kg  槽钢  （kg/m）  W=0.00785 ×[hd+2t （b – d ）+0.349 （R2 – r 2 ）]  h= 高  b= 腿长  d= 腰厚  t= 平均腿厚  R= 内弧半径  r= 端弧半径  求80 mm ×43mm ×5mm 的槽钢的每m 重量。从冶金产品目录中查出该槽钢t 为8 ，R 为8 ，r 为4 ，则每m 重量=0.00785 ×[80 ×5+2 ×8 ×（43 – 5 ）+0.349 ×（82–4 2 ）]=8.04kg  工字钢（kg/m）  W= 0.00785 ×[hd+2t （b – d ）+0.615 （R2 – r 2 ）]  h= 高  b= 腿长  d= 腰厚  t= 平均腿厚  R= 内弧半径  r= 端弧半径  求250 mm ×118mm ×10mm 的工字钢每m 重量。从金属材料手册中查出该工字钢t 为13 ，R 为10 ，r 为5 ，则每m 重量= 0.00785 ×[250 ×10+2 ×13 ×（118 –10 ）+0.615 ×（102 –5 2 ）]=42.03kg  钢板（kg/m2）  W= 7.85 ×d  d= 厚  厚度 4mm 的钢板，求每m2 重量。每m2 重量=7.85 ×4=31.4kg  钢管（包括无缝钢管及焊接钢管（kg/m）  W= 0.02466 ×S （D – S ）  D= 外径  S= 壁厚  外径为60 mm 壁厚4mm 的无缝钢管，求每m 重量。每m 重量= 0.02466 ×4 ×（60 –4 ）=5.52kg  名称 牌 号 密度  /（g/cm3）  灰铸铁 HT100～HT350  6.6--7.4  白口铸铁 S15、P08、J13等  7.4--7.7  可锻铸铁 KT30-6～KT270-2  7.2--7.4  铸钢 ZG45、ZG35CrMnSi等  7.8  工业纯铁 DT1--DT6  7.87  普通碳素钢 Q195、Q215、Q235、Q255、Q275  7.85  优质碳素钢 05F、08F、15F  10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50  7.85  碳素工具钢 T7、T8、T9、T10、T12、T13、T7A、T8A、T9A、T10A、  T11A、T12A、T13A、T8MnA  7.85  易切钢 Y12、Y30  7.85  弹簧钢丝 Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅱa、Ⅲ  7.85  低碳优质钢丝 Zd、Zg  7.85  锰钢 20Mn、60Mn、65Mn  7.81  铬钢 15CrA  20Cr、30Cr、40Cr  38CrA  7.74  7.82  7.80  铬钒钢 50CrVA  7.85  铬镍钢 12CrNi3A、20CrNi3A  37CrNi3A  7.85  铬镍钼钢 40CrNiMoA  7.85  铬镍钨钢 18Cr2Ni4WA  7.8  铬钼铝钢 38CrMoA1A  7.65  铬锰硅钢 30CrMnSiA  7.85  铬锰硅镍钢 30CrMnSiNi2A  7.85  硅锰钢 60Si2nMnA  7.85  硅铬钢 70Si2CrA  7.85  高强度合金钢 GC-4、GC11  7.82  高速工具钢 W9Cr4V  W18Cr4V  8.3  8.7  轴承钢 GCr15  7.81  不锈钢 0Cr13、1Cr13、2Cr13、3Cr13、4Cr13  Cr14、Cr17  Cr17Ni2、Cr18、9Cr18、Cr25、Cr28  0Cr18Ni9、1Cr18Ni9  1Cr18Ni9Ti、2Cr18Ni9  Cr18Ni11Nb  1Cr23Ni18、Cr17Ni3Mo2Ti  1Cr18Ni11Si4A1Ti  2Cr13Ni4Mn9  3Cr13Ni7Si2  7.7  7.75  7.85  7.85  7.9  7.9  7.52  8.5  8.0

线　　材：普线 高线 螺纹钢　　型　　材：工字钢 槽钢 角钢 方钢 重轨 高工钢 H型钢 圆钢 不等边角钢 扁钢 轻轨 齿轮钢 六角钢 耐热钢棒 合结圆钢 合工圆钢方管 碳工钢 轴承钢 碳结圆钢 不锈圆钢 轴承圆钢 矩型管 弹簧钢　　板　　材：中厚板 容器板 中板 碳结板 锅炉板 低合金板 花纹板 冷板 热板 冷卷板 热卷板 镀锌板 电镀锌板 电镀锌卷 锰板 不锈钢板　　硅钢片 彩涂板 彩钢瓦楞铁 镀锌卷板 热轧带钢　　管　　材：焊管 不锈钢管 热镀锌管 冷镀锌管 无缝管 螺旋管 热轧无缝　　一、黑色金属、钢和有色金属　　在介绍钢的分类之前先简略介绍一下黑色金属、钢与有色金属的基本概念。　　1、黑色金属是指铁和铁的合金。如钢、生铁合金、铸铁等。钢和生铁都是以铁为根底，以碳为首要增加元素的合金，统称为铁碳合金。生铁是指把铁矿石放到高炉中冶炼而成的产品，首要用来炼钢和制作铸件。把铸造生铁放在熔铁炉中熔炼，即得到铸铁（液状），把液状铸铁浇铸成铸件，这种铸铁叫铸铁件。　　铁合金是由铁与硅、锰、铬、钛等元素组成的合金，铁合金是炼钢的质料之一，在 炼钢时做钢的脱氧剂和合金元素增加剂用。　　2、把炼钢用生铁放到炼钢炉内按必定工艺熔炼，即得到钢。钢的产品有钢锭、连铸坯和直接铸成各种钢铸件等。一般所讲的钢，一般是指轧制成各种钢材的钢。钢归于黑色金属但钢不完全等于黑色金属。　　3、有色金属又称非铁金属，指除黑色金属外的金属和合金，如铜、锡、铅、锌、铝以及黄铜、青铜、铝合金和轴承合金等。另外在工业上还选用铬、镍、锰、钼、钴、钒、钨、钛等，这些金属首要用作合金附加物，以改进金属的功能，其间钨、钛、钼等多用以出产刀具用的硬质合金。以上这些有色金属都称为工业用金属，此外还有宝贵金属：铂、金、银等和稀有金属，包含放射性的铀、镭等。　　二、钢的分类　　钢是含碳量在0.04%-2.3%之间的铁碳合金。为了保证其耐性和塑性，含碳量一般不超越1.7%。钢的首要元素除铁、碳外，还有硅、锰、硫、磷等。钢的分类办法多种多样，其首要办法有如下七种：　　1、按质量分类　　(1) 普通钢（P≤0.045%，S≤0.050%）　　(2) 优质钢（P、S均≤0.035%）　　(3) 高档优质钢（P≤0.035%，S≤0.030%）　　2.、按化学成份分类　　(1) 碳素钢：a.低碳钢（C≤0.25%）；b.中碳钢（C≤0.25~0.60%）；c.高碳钢（C≤0.60%）。　　(2)合金钢：a.低合金钢（合金元素总含量≤5%）b.中合金钢（合金元素总含量＞5~10%）c.高合金钢（合金元素总含量＞10%）。　　3、按成形办法分类：(1) 锻钢；(2) 铸钢；(3) 热轧钢；(4) 冷拉钢。　　4、按金相安排分类　　(1) 退火状况的a.亚共析钢（铁素体+珠光体）b.共析钢（珠光体）c.过共析钢（珠光体+渗碳体）d.莱氏体钢（珠光体+渗体）。　　(2) 正火状况的：a.珠光体钢；b.贝氏体钢；c.马氏体钢；d.奥氏体钢。　　(3) 无相变或部分发作相变的　　5、按用处分类　　(1) 建筑及工程用钢：a.普通碳素结构钢；b.低合金结构钢；c.钢筋钢。　　(2) 结构钢a.机械制作用钢：(a)调质结构钢；(b)表面硬化结构钢：包含渗碳钢、钢、表面淬火用钢；(c)易切结构钢；(d) 冷塑性成形用钢：包含冷冲压用钢、冷镦用钢。　b.弹簧钢　c.轴承钢　　(3) 工具钢：a.碳素工具钢；b.合金工具钢；c.高速工具钢。　　(4) 特殊功能钢：a.不锈耐酸钢b.耐热钢包含抗氧化钢、热强钢、气阀钢c.电热合金钢；d.耐磨钢；e.低温用钢；f.电工用钢　　(5) 专业用钢¡¡如桥梁用钢、船只用钢、锅炉用钢、压力容器用钢、农机用钢等。　　6、归纳分类　　(1)普通钢a.碳素结构钢：(a) Q195；(b) Q215(A、B)；(c) Q235(A、B、C)；(d)Q255(A、B)；(e) Q275。b.低合金结构钢c.特定用处的普通结构钢　　(2)优质钢（包含高档优质钢）a.结构钢：(a)优质碳素结构钢；(b)合金结构钢；(c)弹簧钢；(d)易切钢；(e)轴承钢；(f)特定用处优质结构钢.b.工具钢：(a)碳素工具钢；(b)合金工具钢；(c)高速工具钢。c.特殊功能钢：(a)不锈耐酸钢；(b)耐热钢；(c)电热合金钢；(d)电工用钢；(e)高锰耐磨钢。　　7、按冶炼办法分类　　(1) 按炉种分a.平炉钢:(a)酸性平炉钢；(b)碱性平炉钢。b.转炉钢:(a)酸性转炉钢;(b)碱性转炉钢。或 (a)底吹转炉钢;(b)侧吹转炉钢；(c)顶吹转炉钢。c.电炉钢:(a)电弧炉钢；(b)电渣炉钢；(c)感应炉钢；(d)真空自耗炉钢；(e)电子束炉钢。　　(2)按脱氧程度和浇注准则分a.沸腾钢；b.半镇静钢；镇静钢；d.特殊镇静钢。

钢材热镀锌是提高钢材耐锈蚀性能、装饰美观的一种工艺手法。也是目前最常用的钢材镀锌的方法。钢材（Steel）：是钢锭、钢坯或钢材通过压力加工制成所需要的各种形状、尺寸和性能的材料。钢材是国家建设和实现四化必不可少的重要物资，应用广泛、品种繁多，根据断面形状的不同、钢材一般分为型材、板材、管材和 金属 制品四大类、为了便于组织钢材的生产、订货供应和搞好经营管理工作，又分为重轨、轻轨、大型型钢、中型型钢、小型型钢、钢材冷弯型钢，优质型钢、线材、中厚钢板、薄钢板、电工用硅钢片、带钢、无缝钢管钢材、焊接钢管、 金属 制品等品种。钢是含碳量在0.04%-2.3%之间的铁碳合金。为了保证其韧性和塑性，含碳量一般不超过1.7%。钢的主要元素除铁、碳外，还有硅、锰、硫、磷等。热镀锌也叫热浸锌和热浸镀锌，是一种有效的 金属 防腐方式，主要用于各 行业 的 金属 结构设施上。是将除锈后的钢件浸入500℃左右融化的锌液中，使钢构件表面附着锌层，从而起到防腐的目的。热镀锌生产工艺流程主要包括：原板准备→镀前处理→热浸镀→镀后处理→成品检验等。热镀锌是由较古老的热镀方法发展而来，自从1836年法国把热镀锌应用于工业以来，已经有170年的历史了。然而近30年来，伴随冷轧带钢的飞速发展，热镀锌工业得到了大规模发展。热镀锌钢材在镀锌钢材 市场 上需求量大，相反电镀锌钢材使用的少，只有部分小企业还在制造电镀锌产品，电镀锌已被禁止。热镀锌钢材包括热镀锌钢管、热镀锌板、热镀锌带钢、热镀锌角钢、热镀锌扁钢等等，这些都是热镀锌钢材产品，之所以对这些产品热镀锌，是为了达到防腐的目的。中国钢材需要的政策面固然很踊跃，然而产能过剩不是在2010年就可以处理的成绩。只需产能过剩使不得无效处理，只管出什么样的计划，不落到实处，在弱势需要的条件下，钢材 价格 很难有大的走强的态势涌现。但钢材镀锌后 价格 完全不同，结合镀锌所带来的优势，镀锌钢材 价格 有望走上坡。

镀锌钢材是一个统称，镀锌钢管、镀锌板、镀锌角钢、镀锌扁钢、镀锌角铁等都属于镀锌钢材。方管，是方形管材的一种称呼，也就是边长相等的的钢管。是带钢经过工艺处理卷制而成。一般是把带钢经过拆包，平整，卷曲，焊接形成圆管，再由圆管轧制成方形管然后剪切成需要长度。一般是50根每包。角钢俗称角铁、是两边互相垂直成角形的长条钢材。有等边角钢和不等边角钢之分。等边角钢的 两个边宽相等。其规格以边宽×边宽×边厚的毫米数表示。如“∠30×30×3”，即表示边宽为 30毫米、边厚为3毫米的等边角钢。也可用型号表示，型号是边宽的厘米数，如∠3#。镀锌板是指表面镀有一层锌的钢板。镀锌是一种经常采用的经济而有效的防腐方法。全世界锌 产量 的一半左右均用于此种工艺。镀锌是为防止钢板表面遭受腐蚀延长其使用寿命。槽钢是截面为凹槽形的长条钢材。其规格以腰高(h)*腿宽(b)*腰厚(d)的毫米数表示，如120*53*5，表示腰高为120毫米，腿宽为53毫米的槽钢，腰厚为5毫米的槽钢，或称12#槽钢。镀锌钢材种类繁多，应用于我们生活中的方方面面，而且镀锌钢材的 价格 也在上涨。首先是因为现在0#锌的 价格 在不断上扬，再加上近几年，我国建筑、家电等 行业 对镀锌干菜需求增长很快， 市场 潜力较大，尤其是近年来随着建筑轻型结构的迅速发展，轿车 产量 的逐年增加，家用电器的广泛普及，合资、独资企业电子产品的大量出口，使镀锌产品的消费量增长较快。目前，国内镀锌钢材的生产无论是数量还是品种均不能满足 市场 需求，每年需要大量进口，国内镀锌钢材生产 市场 占有率较低，国内 市场 供不应求， 市场 潜力巨大。 

1、 碳素钢的界说及钢中五元素　　含碳2%以下的铁碳合金称为钢。　　碳素钢中的五元素是指化学成份中的首要组成物，即 C、Si、Mn、S、P（碳、硅、锰、硫、磷）。其次是在炼钢进程中不可避免地　　会混入气体，含O、H、N（氧、氢、氮）。此外，用铝¡硅脱氧冷静工艺中，必定在钢水中含有 Al，当Als（酸溶铝）≥0。020%时，　　还有细化晶粒的效果。　　2、 钢铁是怎样炼成的？　　炼钢的首要任务是按所炼钢种的质量要求，调整钢中碳和合金元素含量到规则规模之内，并使P、S、H、O、N等杂质的含量降至允 许定量之下。　　炼钢进程实质上是一个氧化进程，炉猜中过剩的碳被氧化，焚烧成CO气体逸出，其它Si、P、Mn 等氧化后进入炉渣中。S部份进入　　炼渣中，部份则生成SO2排出。当钢水成份和温度到达工艺要求后，即可出钢。为了除掉钢中过剩的氧及调整化学成份，能够增加脱氧剂和铁合金或合金元素。　　3、 转炉炼钢简介　　从车运来的铁水通过脱硫、挡渣等处理后即可倒入转炉中作为首要炉料，另加10% 以下的废钢。然后，向转炉内吹氧焚烧，铁水中的过量碳被氧化并放出很多热量，当探头测得到达预订的低碳含量时，即中止吹氧并出钢。一般在钢包中需进行脱氧及调整成份操作；然后在钢液表面抛上碳化稻壳避免钢水被氧化，即可送往连铸或模铸工区。　　对要求高的钢种可增加底吹氩、RH真空处理、喷粉处理（喷SI¡CA粉及变性石灰）能够有用下降钢中的气体与搀杂，并有进一步降碳及降硫的效果。在这些炉外精粹办法后还能够终究微调成份，满意优质钢材的需求。　　4、 初轧　　模铸钢锭采纳热装、热送新工艺，进入均热炉加热，然后通过初轧机及钢坯连轧机轧成板坯、管坯、小方坯等初轧产品，通过切头、　　切尾、表面整理，（火焰整理、打磨）高质量产品则还需对初轧坯进行扒皮和探伤，查验合格后入库。　　现在初轧厂的产品有初轧板坯、轧制方坯、氧气瓶用钢坯、齿轮用圆管坯、铁路车辆用车轴坯及塑模用钢等。　　初轧板坯首要直销热轧厂作为质料；轧制方坯除部份外供，首要送往高速线材轧机作质料。　　因为连铸板坯的先进性，初轧板坯的需求量大为减少，因而转向上述其它产品了。　　5、 热连轧　　用连铸板坯或初轧板坯作质料，经步进式加热炉加热，高压水除鳞后进入粗轧机，粗轧料经切头、尾、再进入精轧机，施行计算机控制轧制，终轧后即通过层流冷却（计算机控制冷却速率）和卷取机卷取、成为直发卷。直发卷的头、尾往往呈舌状及鱼尾状，厚度、宽度精度较差，边部常存在浪形、折边、塔形等缺点。其卷重较重、钢卷内径为760mm。(一般制管职业喜欢运用。)　　将直发卷经切头、 切尾、切边及多道次的矫直、平坦等精整线处理后，再切板或重卷，即成为：热轧钢板、平坦热轧钢卷、纵切带等产品。　　热轧精整卷若经酸洗去除氧化皮并涂油后即成热轧酸洗板卷。该产品有部分代替冷轧板的趋向，报价适中，深受广阔用户喜欢。　　宝钢新出资的一条热轧酸洗线正在严重建设中。　　6、 冷连轧　　用热轧钢卷为质料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其制品为轧硬卷，因为接连冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑目标下降，因而冲压功能将恶化，只能用于简略变形的零件。　　轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的质料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退 前方。轧硬卷重一般在6~13.5吨，钢卷内径为610mm。　　一般冷连轧板、卷均应通过接连退火（CAPL机组）或罩式炉退火消除冷作硬化及轧制应力，到达相应标准规则的力学功能目标。　　冷轧钢板的表面质量、外观、尺度精度均优于热轧板，且其产品厚度右轧薄至0.18mm左右，因而深受广阔用户喜爱。　　以冷轧钢卷为基板进行产品的深加工，成为高附加值产品。如电镀锌、热镀锌、耐指纹电镀锌、彩涂钢板卷及减振复合钢板、PVC 复膜钢板等，使这些产品具有漂亮、高抗腐蚀等优秀质量，得到了广泛应用。　　冷轧钢卷经退火后有必要进行精整，包含切头、尾、切边、矫平、平坦、重卷、或纵剪切板等。冷轧产品广泛应用于轿车制造、家电产品、外表开关、建筑、工作家具等职业。钢板捆包后的每包分量为3~5吨。平坦分卷重一般为3~10吨/卷。钢卷内径610mm。　　7、 钢的力学功能　　7．1拉力实验　　按标准制备的拉力试样，装置在拉力实验机的夹头内，对试样缓慢施加单轴向拉伸应力，直至试样被拉断停止的实验称作拉力实验。　　7．1．1强度　　金属材料在外力效果下，反抗变形和开裂的才能叫强度。强度目标包含：份额极限、弹性极限、屈从强度、抗拉强度等。　　7．1．2份额极限　　对金属施加拉力，金属存在着力与变构成直线份额的阶段，而这个阶段的最大极限负荷Pp除以试样的原横截面积即为份额极限，用 σ P表明。　　7．1．3弹性极限　　金属受外力效果发作了变形，外力去掉后，能彻底康复本来的形状，这种变形称为弹性变形。金属能坚持弹性变形的最大应力称为弹性极限，用σe表明。　　7．1．4抗拉强度　　试样拉伸时，在拉断前所接受的最大负荷除以原横截面积所得的应力，称作抗拉强度，用σb表明。当材料所受的外应力大于其抗拉强度时，将会发作开裂。因而σb越高，则表明它能接受愈大的外应力而不致于开裂。　　国外标准的结构钢常按抗拉强度来分类，如SS400，其间400即表明σb的最小值为400MPa超高强度钢是指σb≥1373 Mpa的钢。　　7．1．5屈强比　　屈强比即屈从强度与抗拉强度之比值（σS/σb）。屈从比值越高，则该材料的强度愈高，屈强比值愈低则塑性愈佳，冲压成形性愈好。如深冲钢板的屈强比值为≤0.65。　　弹簧钢一般均在弹性极限规模内执役，受载荷时不允许发生塑性变形，因而要求弹簧钢经淬火、回火后具有尽可能高的弹性极限和屈强比值（σS/σb≥0.90）此外疲惫寿数与抗拉强度及表面质量往往有很大干系。　　7．1．6塑性　　金属材料在受力损坏前能够饱尝永久变形的功能称为塑性。塑性目标一般伸长率和断面缩短率表明。伸长率与断面缩短率越高，则 塑性越好。　　8、冲击耐性　　用必定尺度和形状的金属试样，在规则类型的冲击实验上受冲击负荷折断时，试样刻槽处单位横截面上所耗费的冲击功，称为冲击 耐性以αk表明。　　现在常用的10×10×55mm，带2 mm深的V形缺口夏氏冲击试样，标准上直接选用冲击功（J焦耳值）AK，而不是选用αK值。因为单位面积上的冲击功并无实践意义。　　冲击功关于查看金属材料在不同温度下的脆性转化最为灵敏，而实践执役条件下的灾难性破断事端，往往与材料的冲击功及执役温 度有关。　　因而在有关标准中常常规则某一温度时的冲击功值为多少、还规则FATT（断口面积转化温度）要低于某一温度的技能条件。所谓FATT，即一组在不同温度下的冲击试样冲断后，对冲击断口进行鉴定，当脆性开裂占总面积的50%时所对应的温度。　　因为钢板厚度的影响，对厚度≤10mm的钢板，可获得3/4小尺度冲击试样（7.5×10×55mm）或1/2小尺度冲击试样（5×10×55mm）。可是必定要注意，同规格及同一温度下的冲击功值才可彼此比较。只要在标准规则的条件下，才可按标准的换算办法，折算成标准冲击试样的冲击功，再彼此比较。　　9、硬度实验　　金属材料反抗压头（淬硬的钢球或具有1200圆锥或角锥的金刚石压头）压陷表面的才能称为硬度。依据实验办法和适用规模的不同，硬度可分为布氏硬度、洛氏硬度、维氏硬度、肖氏硬度以及显微硬度、高温硬度等。　　冶金产品常用的是布氏硬度和洛氏硬度。　　10、宝钢厂商标准（Q/BQB）　　宝钢企标中的钢号大致可分为三个来历即从日本JIS标准、德国DIN标准移植及自行开发研发的钢号。从日本JIS标准中移植来的钢号，一般首位常为S（Steel）；从DIN标准移植来的钢号，一般常以ST最初（Stahl德文中的“钢”）；宝钢自行开发研发的钢号，一般首位常以宝钢的拼音首位B最初。　　11、结构用热连轧、冷连轧钢板及钢带　　结构钢一般按强度分类，在钢号中的数字往往代表抗拉强度的最低值。因为该类钢常用于制造结构件，因而称作为结构钢。结构钢的强化机制倾向于降碳增锰固溶强化铁素体、细化珠光体和增加微合金的分出强化、沉积强化和细晶强化，以保证在进步强度的一起仍坚持较好的韧、塑目标并兼具杰出的焊接功能。

Q255钢材化学成分Q255钢材牌号Q255钢材等级Q255钢材化学成分（质量分数）（%）CMnSiSP≤Q255A0.18~0.280.40~0.700.300.0500.045B0.045 Q255钢材力学性能Q255钢材牌号拉力强度MPa屈服点MPa伸长率（%）Q255410~55025524

钢材力学性能是保证钢材最终使用性能（机械性能）的重要指标，它取决于钢的化学成分和热处理制度。在钢管标准中，根据不同的使用要求，规定了拉伸性能（抗拉强度、屈服强度或屈服点、伸长率）以及硬度、韧性指标，还有用户要求的高、低温性能等。    　　①抗拉强度（σb）     　　试样在钢铁拉伸过程中，在拉断时所承受的最大力（Fb），出以试样原横截面积（So）所得的应力（σ），称为抗拉强度（σb），单位为N/mm2（MPa）。它表示金属材料在拉力作用下抵抗破坏的最大能力。计算公式为：     　　式中：Fb--试样拉断时所承受的最大力，N（牛顿）；     　　So--试样原始横截面积，mm2。       　　②屈服点（σs）     　　具有屈服现象的金属材料，试样在拉伸过程中力不增加（保持恒定）仍能继续伸长时的应力，称屈服点。若力发生下降时，则应区分上、下屈服点。屈服点的单位为N/mm2（MPa）。     　　上屈服点（σsu）：试样发生屈服而力首次下降前的最大应力；     　　下屈服点（σsl）：当不计初始瞬时效应时，屈服阶段中的最小应力。     　　屈服点的计算公式为：     　　式中：Fs--试样拉伸过程中屈服力（恒定），N（牛顿）；     　　So--试样原始横截面积，mm2。         　　③断后伸长率（σ）     　　在拉伸试验中，试样拉断后其标距所增加的长度与原标距长度的百分比，称为伸长率。以σ表示，单位为%。计算公式为：     　　式中：L1--试样拉断后的标距长度，mm；     　　L0--试样原始标距长度，mm。     　　④断面收缩率（ψ）     　　在拉伸试验中，试样拉断后其缩径处横截面积的最大缩减量与原始横截面积的百分比，称为断面收缩率。以ψ表示，单位为%。计算公式如下：     　　式中：S0--试样原始横截面积，mm2；     S1--试样拉断后缩径处的最少横截面积，mm2。        　　⑤硬度指标     　　金属材料抵抗硬的物体压陷表面的能力，称为硬度。根据试验方法和适用范围不同，硬度又可分为布氏硬度、洛氏硬度、维氏硬度、肖氏硬度、显微硬度和高温硬度等。对于管材一般常用的有布氏、洛氏、维氏硬度三种。    　　A、布氏硬度（HB）     　　用一定直径的钢球或硬质合金球，以规定的试验力（F）压入式样表面，经规定保持时间后卸除试验力，测量试样表面的压痕直径（L）。布氏硬度值是以试验力除以压痕球形表面积所得的商。以HBS（钢球）表示，单位为N/mm2(MPa)。     　　其计算公式为：     　　式中：F--压入金属试样表面的试验力，N；     　　D--试验用钢球直径，mm；    　　d--压痕平均直径，mm。     　　测定布氏硬度较准确可靠，但一般HBS只适用于450N/mm2（MPa）以下的金属材料，对于较硬的钢或较薄的板材不适用。在钢管标准中，布氏硬度用途最广，往往以压痕直径d来表示该材料的硬度，既直观，又方便。     　　举例：120HBS10/1000130：表示用直径10mm钢球在1000Kgf（9.807KN）试验力作用下，保持30s（秒）测得的布氏硬度值为120N/ mm2（MPa）。     　　B、洛氏硬度（HK）     　　洛氏硬度试验同布氏硬度试验一样，都是压痕试验方法。不同的是，它是测量压痕的深度。即，在初邕试验力（Fo）及总试验力（F）的先后作用下，将压头（金钢厂圆锥体或钢球）压入试样表面，经规定保持时间后，卸除主试验力，用测量的残余压痕深度增量（e）计算硬度值。其值是个无名数，以符号HR表示，所用标尺有A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、K等9个标尺。其中常用于钢材硬度试验的标尺一般为A、B、C，即HRA、HRB、HRC。         　　硬度值用下式计算：     　　当用A和C标尺试验时，HR=100-e     　　当用B标尺试验时，HR=130-e     　　式中e--残余压痕深度增量，其什系以规定单位0.002mm表示，即当压头轴向位移一个单位（0.002mm）时，即相当于洛氏硬度变化一个数。e值愈大，金属的硬度愈低，反之则硬度愈高。     　　上述三个标尺适用范围如下：     　　HRA（金刚石圆锥压头）20-88     　　HRC（金刚石圆锥压头）20-70     　　HRB（直径1.588mm钢球压头）20-100     　　洛氏硬度试验是目前应用很广的方法，其中HRC在钢管标准中使用仅次于布氏硬度HB。洛氏硬度可适用于测定由极软到极硬的金属材料，它弥补了布氏法的不是，较布氏法简便，可直接从硬度机的表盘读出硬度值。但是，由于其压痕小，故硬度值不如布氏法准确。         　　C、维氏硬度（HV）     　　维氏硬度试验也是一种压痕试验方法，是将一个相对面夹角为1360的正四棱锥体金刚石压头以选定的试验力（F）压入试验表面，经规定保持时间后卸除试验力，测量压痕两对角线长度。     　　维氏硬度值是试验力除以压痕表面积所得之商，其计算公式为：     　　式中：HV--维氏硬度符号，N/mm2(MPa)；     　　F--试验力，N；     　　d--压痕两对角线的算术平均值，mm。     　　维氏硬度采用的试验力F为5（49.03）、10（98.07）、20（196.1）、30（294.2）、50（490.3）、100（980.7）Kgf(N)等六级，可测硬度值范围为5～1000HV。     　　表示方法举例：640HV30/20表示用30Hgf（294.2N）试验力保持20S（秒）测定的维氏硬度值为640N/mm2(MPa)。     　　维氏硬度法可用于测定很薄的金属材料和表面层硬度。它具有布氏、洛氏法的主要优点，而克服了它们的基本缺点，但不如洛氏法简便。维氏法在钢管标准中很少用。     　　⑥冲击韧性指标     　　冲击韧性是反映金属才来哦对外来冲击负荷的抵抗能力，一般由冲击韧性值（ak）和冲击功（Ak）表示，其单位分别为J/cm2和J（焦耳）。     　　冲击韧性或冲击功试验（简称"冲击试验"），因试验温度不同而分为常温、低温和高温冲击试验三种；若按试样缺口形状又可分为"V"形缺口和"U"形缺口冲击试验两种。     　　冲击试验：用一定尺寸和形状（10×10×55mm）的试样（长度方向的中间处有"U"型或"V"型缺口，缺口深度2mm）在规定试验机上受冲击负荷打击下自缺口处折断的实验。     　　A、冲击吸收功Akv(u)--具有一定尺寸和形状的金属式样，在冲击负荷作用下折断时所吸收的功。单位为焦耳（J）或Kgf . m。     　　B、冲击韧性值akv(u)--冲击吸收功除以试样缺口处底部横截面积所得的商。单位为焦耳/厘米2（J/cm2）或公斤力 . 米/厘米2（Kgf . m/cm2）。计算公式为：     　　式中：Akv(u)--试样折断时所吸收的功，Kgf . m（J）；     　　S --试样缺口处底部横截面面积，cm2。     常温冲击试验温度为20±50C；低温冲击试验温度范围为<15～-1920C；高温冲击试验温度范围为35～10000C。     　　低温冲击试验所用冷却介质一般为无毒、安全、不腐蚀金属和在试验温度下不凝固的液体或气体。如无水乙醇（酒精）、固态二氧化碳（干冰）或液氮雾化气（液氮）等。

q460钢材化学成分q460钢材牌号等级q460钢材化学成分(质量分数)(%)C ≤MnSi ≤P ≤S ≤VNbTiAI≥Cr ≤Ni ≤  Q460C  0.201.00 ~ 1.70  0.550.0350.0350.02 ~ 0.200.015 ~ 0.0600.02 ~ 0.200.0150.700.70D0.0300.0300.0150.700.70E0.0250.0250.0150.700.70 q460钢材力学性能q460钢材牌号等级拉力强度MPa屈服点MPa伸长率（%）Q460A    550~720    460    17

热镀锌钢材包括热镀锌钢管、热镀锌板、热镀锌带钢、热镀锌角钢、热镀锌扁钢等等，这些都是热镀锌钢材产品，之所以对这些产品热镀锌，是为了达到防腐的目的。钢材（Steel）：是钢锭、钢坯或钢材通过压力加工制成所需要的各种形状、尺寸和性能的材料。钢材是国家建设和实现四化必不可少的重要物资，应用广泛、品种繁多，根据断面形状的不同、钢材一般分为型材、板材、管材和 金属 制品四大类、为了便于组织钢材的生产、订货供应和搞好经营管理工作，又分为重轨、轻轨、大型型钢、中型型钢、小型型钢、钢材冷弯型钢，优质型钢、线材、中厚钢板、薄钢板、电工用硅钢片、带钢、无缝钢管钢材、焊接钢管、 金属 制品等品种。钢是含碳量在0.04%-2.3%之间的铁碳合金。为了保证其韧性和塑性，含碳量一般不超过1.7%。钢的主要元素除铁、碳外，还有硅、锰、硫、磷等。热镀锌也叫热浸锌和热浸镀锌，是一种有效的 金属 防腐方式，主要用于各 行业 的 金属 结构设施上。是将除锈后的钢件浸入500℃左右融化的锌液中，使钢构件表面附着锌层，从而起到防腐的目的。热镀锌生产工艺流程主要包括：原板准备&rarr;镀前处理&rarr;热浸镀&rarr;镀后处理&rarr;成品检验等。现在钢材的表面镀锌主要采用的方法是热镀锌。热镀锌是由较古老的热镀方法发展而来，自从1836年法国把热镀锌应用于工业以来，已经有170年的历史了。然而近30年来，伴随冷轧带钢的飞速发展，热镀锌工业得到了大规模发展。热镀锌钢材在镀锌钢材 市场 上需求量大，相反电镀锌钢材使用的少，只有部分小企业还在制造电镀锌产品，电镀锌已被禁止。

冷 轧 产 品 品 名        材 质碳 结 板    SPCC、St12、DC01、Q235AB优结钢板   20-45#、08-15#优质碳素钢    08AL低碳深冲板    SC1、SPCE、ST14、DC04 超深冲板  SC2、St15、DC05、SC3、St16、DC06、St17耐腐蚀钢   05CuPCrNi、09CuPCrNi、Q345GNHL 低碳冲压钢   SPCD、ST13、DC03深 冲 板   SPCEN参照： （一）冲压用冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 1、一般冲压用钢：BLC B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；L——低碳（Low Carbon）；C——一般用（Commercial） 2、抗时效性低屈服钢：BLD B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；L——低碳（Low Carbon）；D——冲压用（Drawing） 3、非时效性极深冲用钢：BUFD（BUSD） B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；U——超级（Ultra）；F——成型（Formability）； D——冲压（Drawing） 4、非时效性超深冲用钢：BSUFD B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；SU——超高级（Ultra+Super）；F——成型（Formability）； D——冲压（Drawing） （二）冷成型用高强度冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 B ××× × × B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；×××——最小屈服点值； ×——一般用V、X、Y、Z表示 V：高强度低合金，屈服点与抗拉强度差值无规定 X：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别70MPa Y：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别100MPa Z：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别140MPa ×——氧化物/硫化物夹杂控制（K：镇静、细晶粒；F：K+硫化物控制；O：K、F外） 例：B240ZK、B340VK （三）抗凹陷性冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 B ××× × × B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写 ×××——最小屈服点值 ×——强化方式（P：强化；H：烘烤硬化） ×——由1或2表示（1：超低碳；2：低碳） 築210P1：深冲压用高强度钢；B250P2：一般加工用含磷高强度钢；B180H1：深冲用烘烤硬化钢

28日国内不锈钢冷轧上涨幅度在500元左右。据信息研究中心商场监测显现，北京区域，冷卷304/2B的0.5-3.0mm报价在3.20-3.33万元左右(吨价，下同)；热板304/No.1太钢6mm-20mm价位在2.78-3.75万元之间；321圆钢报价在4.70-5.10万元，2Cr13、3Cr13报价在0.94万元左右。佛山区域，冷卷304/2B 0.4-3.0mm张浦报价在3.18-3.33万元左右；无锡区域，冷卷304/2B报价张浦0.4-3.0mm报价在3.32-3.43万元，太钢0.5-3.0mm报价在3.25-3.48万元左右。现商场上仍无会集到货，资源继续严重，报价调高后成交状况欠安。商场304冷轧卷报价较9月出厂报价已高出500元左右，在消费旺季降临、商场库存量不大等有利要素的状况下，部分供应商对后市达观。.

热轧钢材是经过高温加热轧制而成的钢材，它的强度不是很高，但足以满足我们的使用，它的塑性、可焊性较好，因此我们比较常用；冷轧钢是普通热轧钢经过强力拉拔超过应变硬化阶段的钢材，它的强度很高，但韧性、可焊性差，比较硬、脆！    热轧低碳钢 Q/BQB 302 SPHCSPHDSPHE JIS G3131 SPHCSPHDSPHE 适用于制造冷成型加工的零件。  StW22StW23StW24 DIN 1614(EN10111) StW22 (DD11)STW23 (DD12)StW24 (DD13)  一般结构用钢 Q/BQB 303 SS 330SS 400SS 490SS 540 JIS G3101 SS 330SS 400SS 490SS 540 用于建筑、桥梁、船舶、车辆等一般结构件。  St 33St 37-2St 37-3St 44-2St 50-2St 52-3 DIN 17100(EN10025) St 33 (S185)St 37-2 (S235JR)St 37-3 (S235JO)St 44-2 (S275JR)St 50-2 (E295)St 52-3 (S355JO)  焊接结构用钢 Q/BQB 303 SM 400ASM400BSM 400CSM 490ASM490BSM 490CSM490YASM490YBSM520BSM 520C JIS G3106 SM 400ASM400BSM 400CSM 490ASM490BSM 490CSM490YASM490YBSM520BSM 520C 用于建筑、桥梁、船舶、车辆、石油罐、工程机械等要求焊接性能优良的结构件。  B520JJ --- --- 混凝土搅拌车筒体用热连轧钢板。  Welten590RE NSC Welten590RE 可焊高强度钢板，用于压力容器、油罐、工程机械、采矿机械、压力水管等。  B590GJAB590GJB --- ---  机械结构用钢 Q/BQB 303 C 22C35S 20CS 35C DIN 17200JIS G4501 C 22C35S 20CS 35C 用于经切削等加工并热处理后使用的机械结构件。  细晶粒结构钢 --- StE255StE355 DIN 17102 StE255StE355 适用于焊接的细晶粒结构钢。  钢管用钢带钢 Q/BQB 303 SPHT1SPHT2SPHT3 JIS G3132 SPHT1SPHT2SPHT3 用于焊接钢管。  汽车结构用钢 Q/BQB 310BZJ 311BZJ 312BZJ 313BZJ 314 SAPH 310SAPH 370SAPH 400SAPH 440 JIS G3113 SAPH 310SAPH 370SAPH 400SAPH 440 用于要求成形性加工性能的汽车构架、车轮等汽车结构件。  QStE 340TMQStE 380TMQStE 420TMQStE 460TMQStE 500TM SEW 092(EN10149-2) QStE 340TM (---)QStE 380TM (---)QStE 420TM (S420MC)QStE 460TM (S460MC)QStE 500TM (S500MC) 冷变形用热轧粒钢，用于要求良好冷成型性能并有较高或高强度要求的汽车大梁等结构件。  B330CLB380CLB420CL --- --- 有良好冷成型性能，用于汽车滚型车轮轮网及轮幅。  B440QZRB480QZR --- --- 制造汽车传动轴管用。  B 320L B 550LB 510L B 420LB 510DL --- --- 汽车大梁、横梁用。  锅炉及压力容器用钢 Q/BQB 320 HII19Mn6 DIN 17155 (EN10028-2) HII (P265GH)19Mn6 (P355GH) 除保证常温性能外，还保证较高温度下的力学性能，适用于蒸汽锅炉设备，较高工作温度的压力容器及类似结构件。  Q/BQB 320 SB410 JIS G3103 SB410  Q/BQB 321 B440HPB490HP JIS G3116 SG295SG325 焊接气瓶用钢板。  船体结构用钢 Q/BQB 330 ABD LR,BVGL,DNV 及ABS 船规 ABD 可按各国船级社规范供货。  耐大气腐蚀钢 Q/BQB 340 WTSt37-2WTSt52-3 SEW087 (EN10155) WTSt37-2 (S235J2W)WTSt52-3 (S355J 2G 1W) 用于制造集装箱、铁道车辆、石油井架、工程机械等要求耐大气腐蚀的结构件截流和燃料。  NAW 400NAW 490 NSC NAW 400NAW 490  B460NQRB490NQR --- ---  耐硫酸腐蚀钢 S-ten2 NSC S-ten2 用于制造含介质的容器等。  耐海水腐蚀钢 Mariloy G 41AMariloy S 50A Mariloy G 41AMariloy S 50A 用于采油平台、船舶、海港建筑等结构构件。  高耐候性结构钢 BZJ342 B480GNQR --- --- 用于制造车辆、集装、建筑及其它结构件。  厚度方向性能热连轧钢板 Q/BQB 350 Z15Z25Z35 --- --- 钢板厚度方向性能有良好的抗层状撕裂性能，用于海上采油平台及其它要求厚度性能的结构件。  表面硬化钢 Q/BQB 360 C 10C15 DIN 17210 C 10C15 高纯净低碳钢，供进行表面渗碳或渗氮后进行淬火硬化制造表层高硬度、耐磨、芯部具高韧性的结构件。  S09CKS15CK JIS G4051 S09CKS15CK  高韧性管线钢 BZJ 371 X60RLX70RL API 5L X60X70 供螺旋焊生产石油输送管用高韧性管线钢热轧宽带钢  直缝焊接套管用钢 BZJ 372 J55 API 5CT J55 供制造直缝焊石油套管用  花纹钢板 BZJ 390 BCP 270BCP 340BCP 400 --- --- 扁豆型花纹钢板  自行车用热连轧宽带钢 BZJ 304 SPHT1Z,SPHT2ZSPHT3Z,SPHDZSM50BZ,SM53BZ --- --- 用于制造自行车上、下、后接头，前叉肩、前花盘、链条滚车把横管，中轴等零件  管线用热连轧卷 GB 14164 S205,S240S315S290,S360,S385S415,S450,S480 API 5L Grade A,BX42,X46,X52X56,X60,X65X70 石油、天然气输送管用  1 、热连轧钢板产品简介：     热连轧钢板、带产品，是以板坯（主要为连铸坯）为原料，经加热后由粗轧机组及精轧机组制成带钢。从精轧最后一架轧机出来的热钢带通过层流冷却至设定温度，由卷取机卷成钢带卷，冷却后的钢带卷，根据用户的不同需求，经过不同的精整作业线（平整、矫直、横切或纵切、检验、称重、包装及标志等）加工而成为钢板、平整卷及纵切钢带产品。由于热连轧钢板产品具有强度高，韧性好，易于加工成型及良好的可焊接性等优良性能，因而北广泛应用于船舶、汽车、桥梁、建筑、机械、压力容器等制造行业。随着热轧尺寸精度、板形、表面质量等控制新技术的日益成熟以及新产品的不断问世，热连轧钢板、带产品得到了越来越广泛的应用并在市场上具有越来越强的竞争力。一般说明热连轧钢板产品，钢种规格品种繁多，用途广泛，从一般的工程结构至汽车、桥梁、船舶、锅炉压力容器等制造，都得到大量使用。各种不同用途，对钢板的材质性能、表面质量及尺寸、外形精度等要求也各不相同，因此，必须对热轧钢板产品的品种、材质、特性及其用途有所了解，才能做到经济、合理利用。 2 、力学性能考虑要点 力学性能名词术语（ 1 ）力学性能： 钢板的力学性能式指钢板在受力作用下所显示与弹性或非弹性反应相关或涉及应力——应变关系的性能。抗拉强度、屈服点、伸长率及冲击吸收功是表示热轧钢板力学性能的主要指标。其大小表示钢材抵抗各种作用的能力的大小，是评定钢板材料质量的主要判据，也是钢板制件设计时选材和进行强度计算的主要依据。 （ 2 ）力学性能实验： 测定热轧钢板力学性能的实验主要有拉伸试验及冲击试验等。 （ 3 ）屈服强度： 试样在拉伸过程中，负荷不增加或开始有所降低而试样仍能继续伸长（变形）时的应力。钢材的屈服强度愈低，产生永久变形所需的力愈小，即愈容易成形加工。（ 4 ）抗拉强度： 试样拉伸时，在拉断前所承受的最大应力。当材料所受的外应力大于其抗拉强度时，将会发生破裂，因此，钢板材料的抗拉强度愈大，则表示它愈能承受大的外应力而不断裂。 （ 5 ）伸长率： 试样在拉断后，其标距部分所增加的长度与原标距长度的百分比。伸长率的比数愈大，则表示材料在受力破坏前可以经受永久变形的性能（塑性）愈好；反之则塑性愈差。 （ 6 ）冲击功 （冲击吸收功）：冲击试验时，规定形状和尺寸的试样在冲击力一次作用下折断时所吸收的功，冲击功的大小，表示金属材料对冲击负荷的抵抗能力。冲击功愈高，则材料抗突然脆断的能力愈强。 3 、热连轧钢板产品的选用 1 ）力学性能与可成形性及使用性能的关系    要使钢板获得所需的形状，必须使其永久变形，所采取的工艺可以是局部或整体弯曲、深冲、张拉或这些成型方法的组合。（ 1 ）薄钢板的屈服强度表示出成形后的可成形性和强度，对普通碳素钢板的成形，屈服点值过高，常常有可能发生过大的回弹、成形时容易破断，磨具磨损快以及由于塑性不良而出现缺陷。然而材料的屈服点小于 140Mpa 时，又可能经受不住成形过程中施加的应力，对用于较复杂或复杂成形加工或冲压加工的钢板，通常要求具有比较低的屈服强度值，而且屈服比值愈小，由钢板的成形性能愈好。（ 2 ）中厚板的冷态可成形性与材料的屈服强度和伸长率有直接关系。屈服强度值愈低，产生永久变形所需的应力愈小；伸长率值愈高，高的延展性可以允许承受大的变形量而不致断裂。 （ 3 ）对用于建筑结构、桥梁及机械结构件的钢板，为防止构件断裂，要求钢板材料具有特点的抗拉强度，而为防止构件变形，又要求钢板材料具有一定的屈服强度，因此对这类用途的钢材都要求规定抗拉强度、屈服强度的最小值或范围值。 （ 4 ）对用于承受冲击负荷变形，例如船舶、桥梁、石油、天然气管线用钢板，为防止其使用中发生脆性断裂，又要求其具有一定足够高的冲击韧性 - 冲击功值。 2 ）钢板品种类别的选用 .    热连轧钢板产品包括带（卷）及由其剪切而成的钢板。而钢带（卷）又可分为直发卷及精整卷（分卷，平整分卷及纵切带卷）。    由于直发卷未经重卷，未切除钢带头尾尺寸变化部分并且未经矫直和平整，因此直发卷带有舌头和鱼尾，并且容易发生头尾厚度、宽度不均，边部浪形，折边、塔形以及开卷后出现折皱（腰折）等缺陷，因此对钢板的表面质量，板形要求比较高的用途而言，不宜选用热轧直发卷，而应选用经过精整线重卷、平整的平整卷。 5、“热轧带钢 ” １．产品：普通碳素结构钢钢带 标准：（ GB/T3524-1992 、 GB/T8164-1993 、 QJ/HG02.22-1995 规格：厚度： 2.0 -5.0mm 宽度： 100 -230mm 钢种： HG5 、 Q215 、 Q235 ２．产品：优质碳素结构钢钢带 标准：（ GB8749-1998 、 GB/T8164-1993 size="3"> ） 规格：厚度： 2.5 -4.5mm 宽度： 钢种： 10# 、 20# 、 45# 、 50# 、 40Mn 、 45Mn 、 65Mn ３．产品：自行车链条用钢带 标准： QJ/HG02.15-1991 规格：厚度： 2.75 -4.5mm 宽度： 125 -205mm 钢种： ZL20MnSi 用途：焊接管用、工业链条用、自行车变速链条用、建筑机械、工具用、弹簧用（卷帘门弹簧、卡簧等） “ 冷轧带钢 ” １．产品：碳素结构钢冷轧钢带 标准：（ GB716-1991 、 QJ/HG02.22-1995 ） 规格：厚度： 0.5 -2.0mm 宽度：≤ 205mm 钢种： HG5 、 Q215 、 Q235 ２．产品：优质碳素结构钢冷轧钢带 标准： GB3522-1983 规格：厚度： 0.5 -2.0mm 宽度：≤ 205mm 钢种： 10# 、 20# 、 40Mn 、 45# 、 50# ３．产品：自行车链条用冷轧钢带 标准：（ QJ/HG02.15-1991 、 GB3522-1983 ） 规格：厚度： 0.5 -2.0mm 宽度： 125 -205mm 钢种： ZL20MnSi 用途：工业链条用、自行车变速链条用、刀具用、家具用 “ 小型材 ” １．产品：圆钢（小轧股份公司生产） 标准：（ GB699-1988 、 GB700-1988 、 GB3077-1988 、 GB702-1986 、 QJ/HG02.17-1991 ） 规格： 10 -42mm （ 10 、 12 、 14 、 16 、 18 、 20 、 22 、 25 、 28 、 30 、 32 、 34 、 35 、 36 、 38 、 40 、 42mm ） 钢种： Q215 、 Q235 、 45# 、 50# 、 HG3 、 20CrMnTi 、 20Cr 、 20CrMo 、 35CrMo 、 42CrMo 、 60Si2Mn 、 40Cr 用途：机械零件、轴、五金工具、齿轮用钢、标准件用钢等；螺铆、螺栓、轴、销、自行车、摩托车等配 件 ２．产品：螺纹钢筋 标准 :(GB1499-1991 、 BS4449:1988 ） 规格： 10 、 12 、 14 、 16 、 18 、 20 、 22 、 25 、 28 、 32 、 36 、 40mm 钢种： 20MnSi 、 20MnV 、 25MnSi 、 BS20MnSi 。 用途：建筑用材、包括可供高层建筑用材。（钢筋混凝土结构用）

二者的首要差异在于涂漆的阶段和工艺不同。 　　预滚涂是在基材仍是卷状时，在流水线上经过酸洗、矫相等程序，依据要求的漆层厚度，有电脑操控，经过几烤几烘，在相对密闭的空间内完结。滚涂后就是一卷卷带漆层的铝板。如使用时依据尺度直接裁剪和折弯，即可施工。     喷涂是在依据施工图纸断定的规格，对不带漆层的铝板裁剪和折弯成型后，再用喷上漆。     关于商场上的金属铝幕墙来说，种类许多。就涂漆层面来说，首要分喷涂、预滚涂及电镀等。综合功能比较，是喷涂远低于预滚涂，预滚涂在部分指标上低于电镀;在空间上，国产首要是喷涂，国外已是预滚涂产品占主流了，电镀产品在国外也早有人用了。国内和国外为何会形成这种“代”差呢?首要原因有以下二个方面：     资金、技能和设备。     国内幕墙厂商多，规划小，鱼龙混杂，不乏作坊式出产。关于数十亿美元一条的滚涂出产线和严厉的技能配套要求来说，明显还不具备条件。     建筑理念和商场观念要素等。也就是人祸。建筑是千秋大业仅仅嘴上说说罢了，我们只管眼前利益而不讲久远效益。(一个比如是上海陆家嘴的一楼盘，十几如果平方的价格外墙仅用铝塑板贴了拉倒，降低成本啊，成果成交廖廖)。业主外行，出产商就都拼报价，偷工减料，压低薪酬，献身质量，技能研制和升级换代就更是无稽之谈了，成果就是整个职业留步不前。     1***H**——指含99%纯铝的纯铝板     2***H**——指铝铜合金     3***H**——指铝锰合金     4***H**——铝硅合金     5***H**——铝镁合金，可用做船板或防弹铝板.     H1*——静态煺火(也叫最终煺火);     H2*——动态煺火(继续出产线上煺火，也叫中间煺火);     H3*——内部应力处理;     H4*——上面三种只需涂层后都是4.     H*2、H*4、H*6——后边的数字是硬度比值。数字越小，硬度越小;反之越大。     普基铝镁板是预滚涂板，不是喷涂板AA5754H44基材，2.0mm厚度的产品各项功能已卓而不群,选用接连三涂三烤工艺，抗老化、不掉漆，涂层氟碳树脂含量达70%以上,加强筋选用镀锌钢板，柔性衔接，强度高，不变形。删去

钢材的分类办法有很多种，比如按种类、按化学成分、按冶炼办法分，等等。在本文中，首要介绍如下几种办法： 1钢材按质量分类 　(1) 普通钢(P≤0.045%，S≤0.050%) (2) 优钢原料钢(P、S均≤0.035%) (3) 高档优质钢(P≤0.035%，S≤0.030%) 2按化学成份分类 　(1) 碳素钢：钢材a.低碳钢(C≤0.25%);b.中碳钢(C=0.25%~0.60%);c.高碳钢(C≥0.60%)。 (2)合金钢：a.低合金钢(合金元素总含量≤5%);b.中合金钢(合金元素总含量>5~10%);c.高合金钢(合金元素总含量>10%)。 3按成形办法分类 　(1) 锻钢; (2) 铸钢; (3) 热轧钢; (4) 冷拉钢。 4按金相安排分类 　(1)退火状况的：a.亚共析钢(铁素体+珠光体);b.共析钢(珠光体);c.过共钢材析钢(珠光体+渗碳体);d.莱氏体钢(珠光体+渗碳体)。 (2) 正火状况的：a.珠光体钢;b.贝氏体钢;c.马氏体钢;d.奥氏体钢。 (3) 钢材无相变或部分发作相变的 5按用处分类 　(1) 建筑及工程用钢：a.普通碳素结构钢;b.低合金结构钢;c.钢筋钢。 (2) 钢材结构钢 a.机械制造用钢：(a)调质结构钢;(b)表面硬化结构钢：包含渗碳钢、渗钢、表面淬火用钢;(c)易切结构钢;(d)冷塑性成形用钢：包含冷冲压用钢、冷镦用钢。 b.弹簧钢 c.轴承钢 (3) 工具钢：a.碳素工具钢;b.合金工具钢;c.高速工具钢。 (4) 特殊功能钢：a.不锈耐酸钢;b.耐热钢：包含抗氧化钢、热强钢、气阀钢;c.电热合金钢;d.耐磨钢;e.低温用钢;f.电工用钢。 (5) 专业用钢——如桥梁用钢、船只用钢、锅炉用钢、压力容器用钢、农机用钢等。 6归纳分类 　(1)普通钢 a.碳素结构钢：(a) Q195;(b) Q215(A、B);(c) Q235(A、B、C);(d) Q255(A、B);(e) Q275。 b.低合金结构钢 c.特定用处的普通结构钢 (2)优质钢(包含高档优质钢) a.钢材结构钢：(a)优质碳素结构钢;(b)合金结构钢;(c)弹簧钢;(d)易切钢;(e)轴承钢;(f)特定用处优质结构钢。 b.工具钢：(a)碳素工具钢;(b)合金工具钢;(c)高速工具钢。 c.特殊功能钢：(a)不锈耐酸钢;(b)耐热钢;(c)电热合金钢;(d)电工用钢;(e)高锰耐磨钢。 7按冶炼办法分类 　(1) 按炉种分 a.平炉钢：(a)酸性平炉钢;(b)碱性平炉钢。 b.转炉钢：(a)酸性转炉钢;(b)碱性转炉钢。或 (a)底吹转炉钢;(b)侧吹转炉钢;(c)顶吹转炉钢。 c. 电炉钢：(a)电弧炉钢;(b)电渣炉钢;(c)感应炉钢;(d)真空自耗炉钢;(e)电子束炉钢。 (2)钢材按脱氧程度和浇注准则分 a.沸腾钢;b.半镇静钢;c.镇静钢;d.特殊镇静钢。 四种钢号 I级 HPB235(Q235)钢筋，标准强度 235N/mm2 Ⅱ级 HRB335(20MnSi) ，标准强度335N/mm2 Ⅲ级 HRB400(20MNSiV)，标准强度 400N/mm2 Ⅳ级 RRB400(20MnSi)，标准强度 400N/mm2 归纳钢材原料分类： (1)普通钢 a.碳素结构钢： (a) Q195;(b) Q215(A、B);(c) Q235(A、B、C);(d) Q255(A、B);(e) Q275。 b.低合金结构钢 c.特定用处的普通结构钢 (2)优质钢(包含高档优质钢) a.结构钢：(a)优质碳素结构钢;(b)合金结构钢;(c)弹簧钢;(d)易切钢;(e)轴承钢;(f)特定用处优质结构钢。 b.工具钢：(a)碳素工具钢;(b)合金工具钢;(c)高速工具钢.  c.特殊功能钢：(a)不锈耐酸钢;(b)耐热钢;(c)电热合金钢;(d)电工用钢;(e)高锰耐磨钢。

镀锌格栅板，即格栅板生产出来以后，要进行防锈处理。有热镀锌（热浸镀锌）和电镀锌（冷镀锌）2种。格栅板是钢格板的别名，是用扁钢按照一定的间距和横杆进行交叉排列，并且焊接成中间带有方形格子的一种钢铁制品，主要用来做水沟盖板，钢结构平台板，钢梯的踏步板等．横杆一般采用经过扭绞的方钢作为一种新材料、新产品正得到日益广泛的应用，其较多的优越性能及良好的性能 价格 比显示了其应用的前景。格栅板的制作方式：有机器压焊和手工制作两种.机器压焊使用高压电阻压焊机,机械手自动将横杆横放在均匀排列的扁钢上,通过强大的电焊功率和液压力将横杆压焊入扁钢内,从而可以得到焊点坚固,稳定性和强度极高的高品质格栅板.手工制作的格栅板是先在扁钢上冲孔,然后将横杆放入孔中点焊,横杆与扁钢会存在空隙,而且不可能每个接触点都进行焊接,因此焊接不牢固,强度有所降低. 　　在冶金、矿山、石油、电力与工业领域以及一些民用领域中，格栅板作为一种新型建材正得到日益广泛的应用。所谓新材料，其实在国外已有几十年以上的历史，不过在中国得到广泛应用也只是近１０年的事。但就象铝合金门窗一样，与传统材料相比，人们习惯上还是将其称作新材料。格栅板特点及用途特点： 1.高强度，轻结构：牢固的网格压焊结构使其具有高承载，结构轻2.便于吊装等特点3.外形美观，经久耐用：热浸锌表面处理使其具有相当好的防腐能力4.表面光泽美观5.通风、采光、散热、防爆、防滑性能好；防积污物用途：广泛应用于石油化工、电厂、水厂、污水处理厂、市政工程、环卫工程等领域的平台、走道、栈桥、沟盖、井盖、梯子、围栏、护栏等。&nbsp;&nbsp;

将镍及镍合金板经熔炼、铸锭、平辊轧制加工成单张或成卷加工材的过程。镍及镍合金具有熔点高、热稳定性好、耐蚀、强度高、加工性能良好等优点。镍合金板带材广泛用于精密仪表、电子、医疗器械、航天航空等工业部门。热轧板厚度5～20mm，冷轧板厚度0．5～10mm，宽度不大于1000mm；带材厚度0．05～1．5mm，宽度一般不大于300mm。镍及镍合金板带的基本生产工艺流程如下：熔铸 镍及镍合金板熔体能吸收大量气体，发生强烈的氧化。一般采用感应电炉熔炼、熔体表面覆盖玻璃，用木炭、锰、硅、镁、钛等脱氧。高纯度的镍及镍合金板采用真空熔炼。蒙乃尔(NCu28&mdash;2．5&mdash;1．5)等合金采用电渣熔炼。熔炼温度在1450～1560℃之间，随合金而异。通常扁锭用生铁模铸造(见生铁模铸锭)或半连续铸造(见半连续铸锭)。锭重在30～400kg范围内。铸锭表面的夹杂、冷隔等缺陷应进行清理.热轧 镍及镍合金板的高温塑性良好，变形抗力较高，加热温度在1050～1250℃范围内，以电炉加热为宜。若使用煤气炉，则煤气含硫量必须严格控制，以免造成热脆。重400kg厚度为200mm的镍锭，经11个道次热轧至10mm厚。有时热轧前先行锻造，以改善内部组织.酸洗 镍及镍合金板铣面(见有色金属合金锭坯铣面)时易粘刀具，故对热轧板坯常用酸洗的方法除去表层的氧化物。酸洗采用硫酸与硝酸的混合酸，或单独的硝酸。为提高酸洗效果，酸洗前先以小压下量冷轧一道，使延伸小于基体的氧化层被破碎，以利于同酸反应.冷轧 厚度5．0～13．5mm的热轧坯，需经多次反复冷轧和退火，到达成品厚度。两次退火间的压下率可达70％～85％。冷轧常用四辊轧机。高强度的镍合金薄带采用12辊或20辊轧机精轧。冷轧时应充分润滑和冷却，以防粘辊，影响表面质量.退火 退火分中间退火和成品退火。中间退火的目的是消除冷轧造成的加工硬化；成品退火则为了控制成品性能。镍和镍合金板完全退火的温度在570～850IC间，取决于合金成分和制品厚度。成卷薄带退火时易于粘结，故退火前应重卷。因镍合金板的氧化皮较难清除，故常用钟罩式真空炉进行退火。镍铝、镍钛和其他复杂镍合金板可通过固溶／时效处理实现沉淀硬化，以提高强度.&nbsp;