冷轧板卷是以热轧卷为原料，在室温下在再结晶温度以下进行轧制而成，包括板和卷，国内众多钢厂如宝钢、武钢、鞍钢等均可以生产。其中成张交货的称为钢板，也称盒板或平板；长度很长、成卷交货的称为钢带，也称卷板。 生产过程中由于不进行加热，所以不存在热轧常出现的麻点和氧化铁皮等缺陷，表面质量好、光洁度高。而且冷轧产品的尺寸精度高，产品的性能和组织能满足一些特殊的使用要求，如电磁性能、深冲性能等。  　　规格：厚度为0.2-4mm，宽度为600-2 000mm，钢板长度为1 200-6 000mm。  　　牌号：Q195A-Q235A、Q195AF-Q235AF、Q295A(B)-Q345 A(B)；SPCC、SPCD、SPCE、ST12-15;DC01-06  　　性能：主要采用低碳钢牌号，要求具有良好的冷弯和焊接性能，以及一定的冲压性能。 钢号规格（厚*宽*长）冷轧板规格板0.4*1000*C0.5*1250*C0.35*1000*C 1.0*1000*C0.7*1020*C0.3*1000*C 0.4*1000*C1.5*1000*C2.5*1000*C 2.5*1000*C2.0*1250*C1.5*1250*C 1.0*1250*C1.0*1000*C1.0*1000*2000 1.2*1000*20001.5*1000*20000.5*1000*C 2.0*1000*20003.0*1000*20001.0*1250*2000 1.0*1250*25001.2*1250*20001.2*1250*2500 1.5*1250*20001.5*1250*20002.0*1250*2000 2.0*1250*25002.5*1250*20002.5*1250*2500 3.0*1250*20003.0*1250*25001.0*1250*2500 0.35*1000*20000.4*1000*20000.45*1000*2000 0.5*1000*20000.6*1000*20000.7*1000*2000 0.8*1000*20002.0*1000*20001.2*1000*2000 1.5*1000*20001.0*1250*2000

冷轧板带用途很广，如汽车制造、电气产品、机车车辆、航空、精密仪表、食品罐头等。 　　冷轧薄钢板是普通碳素结构钢冷轧板的简称，也称冷轧板，俗称冷板，有时会被误写成冷扎板。冷板是由普通碳素结构钢热轧钢带，经过进一步冷轧制成厚度小于4mm的钢板。由于在常温下轧制，不产生氧化铁皮，因此，冷板表面质量好，尺寸精度高，再加之退火处理，其机械性能和工艺性能都优于热轧薄钢板，在许多领域里，特别是家电制造领域，已逐渐用它取代热轧薄钢板。 　　适用牌号：Q195、Q215、Q235、Q275；SPCC（日本牌号）；ST12（德国牌号） 　　符号：冷轧板的用途 　　1、Q—普通碳素结构钢屈服点（极限）的代号，它是“屈”的第一个汉语拼音字母的大小写；195、215、235、255、275—分别表示它们屈服点（极限）的数值，单位：兆帕MPa（N/mm2）；由于Q235钢的强度、塑性、韧性和焊接性等综合机械性能在普通碳素结构钢中属最了，能较好地满足一般的使用要求，所以应用范围十分广泛。 　　2、S-钢（Steel）、P-板（Plate）、C-冷轧（cold）、第四位C-普通级（common）。 　　3、ST-钢（Steel）、12-普通级冷轧薄钢板、　 　　标记：尺寸精度—尺寸—钢板品种标准 　　冷轧钢板：钢号—技术条件标准 　　标记示例：B-0.57501500-GB708-88；钢板、标准号Q/BQB402，牌号SPCC，热处理状态退火+平整（S），表央加工状态为麻面D，表面质量为FB级的切边（切边EC，不切边EM）钢板、厚度0.5mm，B级精度，宽度1000mm，A级精度，长度2000mm，A级精度，不平度精度为PF.A，则标记为：钢板ECQ/BQB 402-SPCC-SD-FB/（0.51000A2000A-PF.A）； 　　冷轧钢板：Q225-GB912-89 　　主要产地有：宝钢、鞍钢、本钢、武钢、邯钢、包钢、唐钢、涟钢、济钢等 　　冷轧普通薄钢板 ：由普通碳素结构钢或低合金结构钢冷轧制成。冷轧板表面质量较好。具有良好的冲压性能。对其要求要保证冷弯和杯试验合格，常用于汽车等行业和镀层板的原料。 　　冷轧优质薄钢板：主要包括各种优质钢冷轧薄板，最常用的是碳素结构钢板，尤其是深冲压用冷轧薄钢板，是由低碳优质钢08Al冷轧的薄板，钢板按表面质量分为三组；Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ，分别表示特别高级、高级、较高的精整表面,按拉延级别分为ZF、HF、F级（代表用于冲制拉延最复杂、很复杂、复杂的零件）,根据钢板厚度允许偏差，又分为A、B两级精度、广泛用于汽车拖拉机工业。 　　冷轧钢板，表面光洁，加工优良，用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及产业设备、各种建筑材料。随着经济发展，冷轧钢板已被称为现代社会的必须材料。 冷轧产品的分类： 热轧酸洗、轧硬卷、普通冷轧、镀锌（电镀锌、耐指纹、热镀锌）、镀铝锌、电镀锡、彩涂、电工钢（矽钢片）等。 　　1、热轧酸洗：　　2、轧 硬 卷：在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。

一种工艺用来生产有着高屈服强度和合适延展性的铝合金板材，特别是用于制造汽车的面板。这个工艺包括将没有经过热处理的铝合金铸造成一个铸坯，然后所述的铸坯经过一系列的轧制得到较终规格的板材，更好的选择是随后的热处理退后产生再结晶。轧制步骤包括热轧和中温轧制铸坯以得到中间厚度的中间制品，然后冷却中间制品，接着在室温到340摄氏度的范围内中温轧制以及冷轧中间制品得到较终的规格的板材。这一系列的轧制过程是连续进行的没有中间品的圈绕和对中间板材的完全退火。该发明还涉及合金制品的薄板。　　　　本发明涉及生产一种生产铝板材的工艺流程。特别是，本发明涉及通过轧制法从不经热处理合金中生产处适合成形的板材。例如，在制造汽车面板方面的5000系列铝合金。　　　　5000系列铝合金(即镁作为主要的合金元素)通常用于汽车的面板(护板、门板、罩等等)，对于这样的应用，为合金板片提供高屈服点和高延展性时所想要达到的。合适规格和屈服强度的铝合金片可由连续浇铸之后的轧制得到。在传统的连铸过程中，从铸造中得到的金属经过热轧和温制，然后盘绕(在温度大约300摄氏度)接着被送往另一轧机，在不超过160摄氏度的温度进行较后的冷轧。　　　　为了精炼，在这里所要提到的一点是通常所指的“热轧”是在温度高于合金的再结晶温度时实施的。以便合金在轧辊型缝之间或在滚动以后的线圈中自己退火再结晶。所述的“冷轧”通常意味着具有大量加工硬化率的工作轧辊以便在轧制期间或之后的合金既没有重结晶也不会发生回复。“中温轧制”在二者之间执行，以便没有重结晶作用但是屈服强度由于恢复过程而大幅度减少。对于铝合金，热轧温度超过350摄氏度，冷轧温度小于150摄氏度，中温轧制在150和350摄氏度之间实施。　　　　不幸地是，上述的常规方法的中间卷绕是笨重和昂贵的，储运需要获得一产品，其具有一个合适的微晶结构，以生产预期的屈服强度。　　　　在美国专利号5，514，228中，在1996年5月7日公开一个同轴的连铸过程，其中板片没有经过中间圈绕而轧成较后所需的规格。不过，在较终的轧制之前还需要进一步的固溶处理，以便在较后的卷绕之前板片进行连续地完全被退火。然而，5000系列合金经固溶处理后不会被强化。　　　　本发明的一个目的是以方便和经济的方式生产不经热处理的铝合金板片以便适用于汽车版面的制造。　　　　本发明的另一个目的是，提供一种工艺以连续的步骤而不经过中间的二级轧制生产5000系列的铝合金板片，以得到高屈服点的铝合金产品。　　　　本发明的一方面，提供生产铝合金板片的一种工艺，其中包括：铸造不经热处理的铝合金以形成一个扁钢锭，然后扁钢锭经过一系列的轧制步骤，以生产较后规格的产品。轧制步骤包括：热轧和中温轧制板坯，形成中级规格中间板片，冷却间板片；然后在室温到340摄氏度的温度范围内对中间板片进行中温轧制和冷轧；一系列连续的轧制步没有中间片的卷绕或完全退火。　　　　上述流程在所谓的H2回火中一种合金。进一步的退火再结晶生产处适合于汽车所用的板片。　　　　本发明的另一方面，提供一种铝合金板片由不经热处理的铝合金制成，这一个过程包括：铸造不经热处理的铝合金，以形成扁钢锭；所述扁钢锭经过一系列的轧制，以生产较后规格的制品；轧制步骤包括：热轧和中温轧制板坯，形成中级规格的中间片，冷却中间片，然后在室温到340摄氏度的温度范围内对中间板片进行中温轧制和冷轧；一系列连续的轧制步没有中间片的卷绕或完全退火。　　　　如上所述，本发明需要热轧和中温轧制然后不经中级圈绕或完全退后进行中温轧制和冷轧。当连续轧制扁钢锭的时候，热板坯向空气和轧辊失去热，以便热轧在中温轧制中结束（即在结晶温度以下)。　　　　这就是通过热轧和中温轧制的方法。在热轧期间，金属完全再结晶以释放在铸造期间产生的任何应变能。这期间的温度取决于同时发生的冷加工的发生量，以及合金的组成。在中温轧制期间，应变能量由于逐渐的轧制而建立，这就是金属所谓的“恢复”。如同重结晶作用一样，出去温度影响外恢复程度取决于冷加工的量和合金的组成。重结晶和恢复之间的重要的区别是，即重结晶作用导致内部张力迅速的减少并在热轧期间发生，然而恢复是中温轧制和冷轧的整个周期中发生，而且内部张力是平稳的减少的，但是大部分压力在“暖和的”轧制期间被释放。　　　　本发明的过程对任何不经热处理的铝合金有益，这些铝合金较终的处理方式是完全退火状态。不过，加强晶粒度在汽车应用方面的5000系列合金中是较重要的。过程可用于所有的5000系列合金在完全退火状态中被运送，但是对AA5754合金尤其有用，此合金含有有限量的Mg，为了避免应力腐蚀裂纹，对此合金来说，加强晶粒度是特别重要的。Mg含量更高的例如AA5182合金，对应力腐蚀裂纹敏感，但它们有更高的强度。对于这样的合金的当然是有益的，但是不那么明显。　　　　本发明的工艺，至少在它的优选的形式中，提供一种制作汽车车身结构的5000系列的铝片，其在一台连铸机上经过连续的轧制得到良好的机械性能。　　　　本发明的一个优点是，虽然自身退火不会生产优选的微观结构和性质，但是在较低温度的轧制以后的重结晶以及接着的退火，确实生产预期的细粒尺寸、高强度和有利的晶体织构。　　　　1.生产铝合金板片的一种工艺，包括：铸造不经热处理的铝合金以形成一个扁钢锭，然后扁钢锭经过一系列的轧制步骤，以生产较后规格的产品。轧制步骤包括：热轧和中温轧制板坯，形成中级规格中间板片，冷却间板片；然后在室温到340摄氏度的温度范围内对中间板片进行中温轧制和冷轧；一系列连续的轧制步没有中间片的卷绕或完全退火。

冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。镀锌是在装有镀件、玻璃球、锌粉、水和促进剂的旋转滚桶内，作为冲击介质的玻璃球随着滚桶转动，与镀件表面发生摩擦和锤击产生机械物理能量，在化学促进剂的作用下，将镀涂的锌粉“冷焊”到镀件表面上，形成光滑、均匀和细致的具有一定厚度的镀层。镀锌分为热镀锌和电镀锌两种。热镀锌也叫热浸镀锌和热浸锌，是一种有效的 金属 防腐方式，主要用于各 行业 的 金属 结构设施上。是将除锈后的钢件浸入500℃左右融化的锌液中，使钢构件表面附着锌层，从而起到防腐的目的。电镀锌，是利用电解设备将管件经过除油、酸洗、后放入成分为锌盐的溶液中，并连接电解设备的负极，在管件的对面放置锌版，连接在电解设备的正极接通电源，利用电流从正极向负极的定向移动就会在管件上沉积一层锌，冷镀管件是先加工后镀锌。

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在6~13.5吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。产品特点因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。简单来说，冷轧，是在热软板扎的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧→酸洗→冷轧这样的加工过程。冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由热轧经过连续冷变形而成的冷轧，机械性能比较差，硬度太高，必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。化学成分（Wt%）牌号CSiMnPSCuSPCC0.02～0.08≤0.100.15～0.30≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q1950.06～0.12≤0.300.25～0.50≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q235-B0.12～0.20≤0.300.30～0.70≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050制作工序冷轧通常采用众轧的方式。冷轧生产的工序一般包括原料准备、酸洗、轧制、脱脂、退火(热处理)、精整等。冷轧以热轧产品为原料，冷轧前原料要先除磷，以保证冷轧产品的表面洁净。轧制是使材料变形的主要工序。脱脂的目的在于去除轧制时附在轧材上的润滑油脂，以免退火时污染钢材表面，对不锈钢也为防止增碳。退火包括中间退火和成品热处理，中间退火是通过再结晶消除冷变形时产生的加工硬化，以恢复材料的塑性及降低金属的变形抗力。成品热处理的目的除了通过再结晶消除硬化外。还在于根据产品的技术要求以获得所需要的组织(如各种织构等)和产品性能(如深冲、电磁性能等)。精整包括检查、剪切、矫直(平整)、打印、分类包装等内容。冷轧产品有很高的包装要求，以防止产品在运输过程中表面被刮伤。除上述工序外在生产一些特殊产品时还有各自的特殊工序。如轧制硅钢板时，在冷轧前要进行脱碳退火，轧后要进行涂膜、高温退火、拉伸矫直(见张力矫直)与回火等。用于冷轧带刚的轧机有二辊轧机、四辊轧机和多辊轧机。应用最多的是四辊轧机。轧制更薄的产品则要采用多辊轧机。多辊轧机的种类很多，如六辊轧机、偏八辊轧机，十二辊轧机，二十辊轧机等(见轧机)。随着对板形要求的提高，发展了许多改进板形的技术，如弯辊技术、窜辊技术和交叉轧辊技术等。冷轧带钢轧机按机架排列可分为单机可逆或不可逆式与多机连续式两类。前者适用于多品种、少批量或合金钢产品比例大的情况。它投资低、建厂快，但产量低，金属消耗较大。多机架连续轧制适合于产品品种较单一或者变动不大的情况，它有生产效率高、产量大的优点，但投资较大。与热轧带钢(见热连轧宽带钢生产工艺、热轧窄带钢生产)相比，冷轧带钢(见冷板扎带生产)的轧制工艺有以下特点：(1)采用工艺润滑和冷却，以降低轧制时的变形抗力和冷却轧辊；(2)采用大张力轧制，以降低变形抗力和保持轧制过程的稳定。采用的平均单位张力值为材料屈服强度的10%～60%，一般不超过50%；(3)采用多轧程轧制。由于冷轧使材料产生加工硬化，当总变形量达到60%～80%时，继续变形就变得很困难。为此要进行中间退火，使材料软化后轧制得以继续进行。为了得到要求的薄带钢，这样的中间退火可能要进行多次。两次中间退火之间的轧制称为一个轧程。冷轧带钢的退火在有保护气体的连续式退火炉或罩式退火炉中进行(见冷轧板带退火)。冷轧带钢的最小厚度目前可达到0.05mm，冷轧箔材可达到0.001mm。

紫铜止水片是由紫铜生产的众多产品中的一种。要了解紫铜止水带，首先来了解下紫铜：紫铜就是铜单质，因其颜色为紫红色而得名。各种性质见铜。紫铜就是工业纯铜，其熔点为1083℃，无同素异构转变，相对密度为8.9，为镁的五倍。比普通钢还重约15%。其具有玫瑰红色，表面形成氧化膜后呈紫色，故一般称为紫铜。它是含有一定氧的铜，因而又称含氧铜。紫铜 因呈紫红色而得名。它不一定是纯铜，有时还加入少量脱氧元素或其他元素,以改善材质和性能,因此也归入铜合金。中国紫铜加工材按成分可分为：普通紫铜(T1、T2、T3、T4)、无氧铜（TU1、TU2和高纯、真空无氧铜）、脱氧铜（TUP、TUMn）、添加少量合金元素的特种铜（砷铜、碲铜、银铜）四类。紫铜的电导率和热导率仅次于银，广泛用于制作导电、导热器材。紫铜在大气、海水和某些非氧化性酸（盐酸、稀硫酸）、碱、盐溶液及多种有机酸（醋酸、柠檬酸）中，有良好的耐蚀性，用于化学工业。CJ系列紫铜止水片，其主要特点有：抗腐蚀能力强；强度高，能承受较大变形；外观轮廓清晰，无裂纹、压折、凹坑。适用于各类高级水工建筑的基础止水、坝身止水、坝顶止水、廊道止水，以及坝体内孔洞止水、厂房止水、溢流面下横缝止水等，是防止疏漏最理想的产品。想要了解更多关于紫铜止水片的信息，请继续浏览上海 有色 网。

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板，俗称冷板。　　冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。 　　一般来说，冷轧钢板分为三代产品：沸腾钢为第一代，铝镇静钢为第二代，无间隙原子刚（IF钢）为第三代。   您查询的关键词是：冷轧钢板  。如果打开速度慢，可以尝试快速版；如果想保存快照，可以添加到搜藏。 "冷轧钢板""2,冷轧钢板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.56",,"2.5","6000x1200 7000x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","22.25""0.45",,"4.01",,"2.75",,"24.48""0.5",,"4.45",,"3.0",,"26.70""0.6",,"5.34",,"3.5",,"31.50""0.7",,"6.23",,"4.0",,"35.60""0.8",,"7.12",,"4.5",,"40.05""0.9",,"8.01",,"5.0",,"44.50""1.0",,"8.90",,"5.5",,"48.95""1.1",,"9.79",,"6.0",,"53.40""1.2",,"10.68",,"6.5",,"57.85""1.35",,"12.02",,"7.0",,"62.30""1.5",,"13.35",,"7.5",,"66.75""1.65",,"14.60",,"8.0",,"71.20""1.8",,"16.02",,"9.0",,"80.10""2.0",,"17.80",,"10.0",,"89.00""2.25",,"20.03""冷轧铜条""2,冷轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.20","200~400","500~800","1.78",,"2.50","200~500","500~2000","22.25""0.25",,,"2.23",,"2.75",,,"24.48""0.30",,,"2.67",,"3.00",,"1000~2000","26.70""0.35",,,"3.12",,"3.50",,,"31.15""0.40","200~500","500~2000","3.56",,"4.00",,,"35.60""0.45",,,"4.01",,"4.50",,,"40.05""0.50",,,"4.45",,"5.00",,,"44.50""0.60",,,"5.34",,"5.50",,,"48.95""0.70",,,"6.23",,"6.00",,,"53.40""0.80",,,"7.12",,"6.50",,,"57.85""0.90",,,"8.01",,"7.00",,,"62.30""1.00",,,"8.90",,"8.00",,,"71.20""1.20",,,"10.68",,"9.00",,,"80.10""1.30",,,"11.57",,"10.00",,,"89.00""1.40",,,"12.46",,"11.00",,,"97.90""1.50",,,"13.35",,"12.00",,,"106.8""1.60",,,"14.69",,"13.00",,,"115.7""1.80",,,"16.02",,"14.00",,,"124.6""2.00",,,"17.80",,"15.00",,,"133.5""注 铜板和条(热轧,冷轧)的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4和TU和TUP,其化学成分应符合YB145-71规定""特殊用冷轧黄铜条""3,特殊用冷轧黄铜条(YB555-65)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)""0.20","200~300","500~1000","1.76",,"1.6","200~500","500~2000","14.08""0.25",,,"2.20",,"1.8",,,"15.84""0.30","200~400",,"2.64",,"2.0",,,"17.60""0.35",,,"3.08",,"2.5",,,"22.00""0.40","200~500",,"3.52",,"2.75",,,"24.20""0.45",,,"3.96",,"3.0",,,"26.40""0.50",,"500~2000","4.40",,"3.5",,,"30.80""0.55",,,"4.84",,"4.0",,,"35.20""0.60",,,"5.28",,"4.5",,,"39.60""0.70",,,"6.16",,"5.0",,,"44.00""0.80",,,"7.04",,"5.5",,,"48.40""0.90",,,"7.92",,"6.0",,,"52.80""1.0",,,"8.8",,"6.5",,,"57.20""1.2",,,"10.56",,"7.0",,,"61.60""1.3",,,"11.44",,"8.0",,,"70.40""1.4",,,"12.32",,"9.0",,,"79.20""1.5",,,"13.20",,"10.0",,,"88.00""注 (1)标记举例:用H80制成的,厚度为0.8mm,宽度为300mm,长度为1000mm的1/2硬条标记为:"" 条H80-Y20.8x300x1000YB555-65."" (2)冷轧条分为定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.""多面体的体积和表面积""多面体的体积和表面积""图形",,"尺寸符号",,"重心(G)""立方体",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方体∧棱柱∨",,,,"G0=h/2""三棱柱",,,,"Go=h/2""棱锥",,,,"Go=h/4""棱台""圆柱和空心圆柱∧管∨",,,,"Go=h/2""斜线直圆柱""直圆锥",,,,"Go=h/4""圆台""球",,,,"在球心上""球扇形∧球楔∨",,,,"Go=3/4(r-h/2)""球缺",,,,"Go=3(2r-h)2/4(3r-h)""圆环体∧胎∨",,,,"在环中心上""球带体",,,,"Go=h1+h/2""桶形",,,,"在轴交点上""椭球体",," a,b,c-半轴",,"在轴交点上""交叉圆柱体",,,,"在二轴交点上""梯形体""常用图形求面积,体积公式""常用图形求面积,体积公式""图形",,"尺寸符号","面积(F) 表面积(S)","重心(G)""正方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""三角形",,,,"GB=1/3BD CD=DA""平行四边形",,,,"对角线交点上""任意四边形""正多边形",,,,"在o点上""菱形",,,,"在对角线交点上""梯形""圆形",,,,"在圆心上""椭圆形",,"a·b-主轴","F= (π/4) a·b","在主轴交点G上""扇形""弓形""圆环",,,,"在圆心O""部分圆环""新月形",,,,"O1G=(π-P)L/2P","L d/10","2d/10 3d/10 4d/10","5d/10 6d/10 7d/10 ","8d/10 9d/10","P 0.40","0.79 1.18 1.56","1.91 2.25 2.55","2.81 3.02""抛物线形""等多边形",,," "," 在内,外接圆心处""冷轧黄钢板""4,冷轧黄钢板(YB460-71)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)""0.20","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","1.70",,"2.00","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","17.00""0.25",,"2.13",,"2.25",,"19.13""0.30",,"2.55",,"2.50",,"21.25""0.35",,"2.98",,"2.75",,"23.38""0.40",,"3.40",,"3.00",,"25.50""0.45",,"3.82",,"3.50",,"29.75""0.50",,"4.25",,"4.00",,"34.00""0.60",,"5.10",,"4.50",,"38.20""0.70",,"5.95",,"5.00",,"42.50""0.80",,"6.80",,"5.50",,"46.75""0.90",,"7.65",,"6.00",,"51.00""1.00",,"8.50",,"6.50",,"55.25""1.10",,"9.35",,"7.00",,"59.50""1.20",,"10.20",,"7.50",,"63.75""1.35",,"11.48",,"8.00",,"68.00""1.50",,"12.75",,"9.00",,"76.50""1.65",,"14.03",,"10.00",,"85.00""1.80",,"15.30""注 (1)冷轧软板仅供应H59,H62,H68,H80,H90,H96,HMn58-2,HPb59-1牌号.""(2)冷轧1/2硬板仅供应H62,H65,H68,H90,HMn58-2牌号.""(3)冷轧特硬板仅供应H62牌号.""(4)冷轧板材长度分为:定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.其通常长度为500~2000mm,但长度不得小于宽度.""特殊用冷轧黄钢板""5,特殊用冷轧黄钢板(YB555-65)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.52",,"2.25","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","19.60""0.45",,"3.96",,"2.50",,"22.00""0.50",,"4.40",,"2.75",,"24.20""0.55",,"4.84",,"3.0",,"26.40""0.60",,"5.28",,"3.5",,"30.80""0.70",,"6.16",,"4.0",,"35.20""0.80",,"7.04",,"4.5",,"39.60""0.90",,"7.92",,"5.0",,"44.00""1.0",,"8.80",,"5.5",,"48.40""1.1",,"9.68",,"6.0",,"52.80""1.2",,"10.56",,"6.5",,"57.20""1.35",,"11.88",,"7.0",,"61.60""1.5",,"13.20",,"7.5",,"66.60""1.65",,"14.52",,"8.0",,"70.40""1.8",,"15.84",,"9.0",,"79.20""2.0",,"17.60",,"10.0",,"88.00""注 标记举例:用H90制成的,厚度为2.5mm,宽度为600mm,长度为1200mm的软板标记为:"" 板H90M2.5x600x1200xYB555-65.""铝及铝合金板""6,铝及铝合金板""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)"0.5,"1.40",,"2.5","7.00",,"9.0","25.2",,"25","70.0"0.6,"1.68",,"3.0","8.40",,"10.0","28.0",,"30","84.0"0.8,"2.24",,"3.5","9.80",,"12.0","33.6",,"35","98.0""1.0","2.80",,"4.0","11.20",,"14.0","39.2",,"40","112.0""1.2","3.36",,"5.0","14.00",,"16.0","44.8",,"50","140.0""1.5","4.20",,"6.0","16.80",,"18.0","50.4",,"60","168.0""1.8","5.04",,"7.0","19.60",,"20.0","56.0",,"70","196.0""2.0","5.60",,"8.0","22.40",,"22.0","61.6",,"80","224.0""注 (1)板的宽度有1000,1200和500mm;板的长度有2000,3000和4000mm."" (2)理论重量按LY11,LY12和LD10等牌号铝合金的比重2.8计算,对于其他牌号的铝合金和工业纯铝,应乘以"" 下列换算系数:LD2-0.961;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975;LC4-1.018;工业纯铝-0.967.""铅板""7,铅板(GB1470-79)""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)""1.0","11.37",,"3.0","34.11",,"5.0","56.85",,"9.0","102.33""1.5","17.06",,"3.5","39.80",,"6.0","68.22",,"10.0","113.70""2.0","22.74",,"4.0","45.48",,"7.0","79.59",,"12.0","136.44""2.5","28.43",,"4.5","51.17",,"8.0","90.96",,"16.0","170.55""注 (1)铅的化学成分按GB469-64标准."" (2)板材理论重量按比重为11.34计算,宽度按500mm进张."" (3)板材成卷供应,厚度大于15mm的板材,以片状供应,厚度不大于1.5mm的板材,应用木箱包装.""纯铜带"",纯铜带(YB464-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.05","18~150","≥20","0.44",,"0.50","18~300","≥10","4.45""0.06",,,"0.53",,"0.55",,,"4.90""0.07",,,"0.62",,"0.60",,,"5.34""0.08",,,"0.71",,"0.65",,,"5.79""0.09",,,"0.80",,"0.70",,,"6.23""0.10","18~300",,"0.89",,"0.75",,,"6.68""0.12",,,"1.07",,"0.80",,,"7.12""0.15",,,"1.34",,"0.85",,,"7.57""0.18",,,"1.60",,"0.90",,,"8.01""0.20",,,"1.78",,"1.00",,,"8.90""0.22",,,"1.96",,"1.10",,,"9.79""0.25",,,"2.23",,"1.20",,"≥7","10.68""0.30",,,"2.67",,"1.30",,,"11.57""0.35",,,"3.12",,"14.40",,,"12.46""0.40",,,"3.56",,"1.50",,,"13.35""0.45",,,"4.01""注 纯铜带的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4,TUP,其化学成分符合YB145-71的规定.""铝带""9,铝带""宽 度 (mm)","厚 度 (mm)","3","4","5","6","8","10","12","重 量 (kg/m)""10","0.080","0.107","0.134 0.161 0.268 0.335 0.402 0.536 0.670 0.804 1.072 1.340 1.608","0.161","0.214","0.268","0.322""12","0.096","0.129",,"0.193","0.257","0.322","0.386""15","0.121","0.161",,"0.241","0.322","0.402","0.482""20","0.161","0.214",,"0.322","0.429","0.568","0.643""25","0.201","0.268",,"0.402","0.568","0.670","0.804""30","0.241","0.332",,"0.482","0.643","0.804","0.965""40","0.322","0.429",,"0.643","0.858","1.072","1.286""50","0.402","0.536",,"0.804","1.072","1.340","1.608""60","0.482","0.643",,"0.965","1.286","1.608","1.930""80","0.643","0.858",,"1.286","1.715","2.144","2.573""100","0.804","1.072",,"1.608","2.144","2.680","3.216""120","0.965","1.286",,"1.930","2.573","3.216","3.859""注 表中重量系以LY11,LY12,(比重2.8)为准,其他合金应乘以下列系数:"" L1~L6-0.967;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975.""热轧铜条""1,热轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""4.0","200~500","≥1000","35.60",,"8.0","200~500","≥1000","71.20""4.5",,,"40.05",,"9.0",,,"80.10""5.0",,,"44.05",,"10.0",,,"89.0""5.5",,,"48.95",,"11.0",,,"97.9""6.0",,,"53.40",,"12.0",,,"106.8""6.5",,,"57.85",,"13.0",,,"115.7""7.0",,,"62.30",,"14.0",,,"124.6""7.5",,,"66.75",,"15.0",,,"133.5""英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""(二)英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm""0","0.324","8.230",,"14","0.080","2.032",,"28","0.0148","0.376""1","0.300","7.020",,"15","0.072","1.829",,"29","0.0136","0.345""2","0.276","7.010",,"16","0.064","1.626",,"30","0.0124","0.315""3","0.252","6.401",,"17","0.056","1.422",,"31","0.0116","0.295""4","0.232","5.893",,"18","0.048","1.219",,"32","0.0108","0.274""5","0.212","5.385",,"19","0.040","1.016",,"33","0.0100","0.254""6","0.192","4.877",,"20","0.036","0.914",,"34","0.0092","0.234""7","0.176","4.470",,"21","0.032","0.813",,"35","0.0084","0.213""8","0.160","4.064",,"22","0.028","0.711",,"36","0.0076","0.193""9","0.144","3.658",,"23","0.024","0.610",,"37","0.0068","0.173""10","0.128","3.251",,"24","0.022","0.559",,"38","0.0060","0.152""11","0.116","2.946",,"25","0.020","0.508",,"39","0.0052","0.132"12,"0.104","2.642",,"26","0.018","0.457",,"40","0.0048","0.122"13,"0.092","2.337",,"27","0.0164","0.417",,"41","0.0044","0.112""刺钢丝""三)刺钢丝规格和重量""说 明 和 用 途",,"钢丝划号 (号)","刺间距离 (mm)","每kg长度 (m)","重量 (kg/km)""刺钢丝又名刺铁丝,俗称"花园铅丝"(因常作花园围墙篱笆之用,故名),系以镀锌钢丝经机器铰缠而成(一般用#12或#14钢丝制作).适于作各种围墙(尤其是公园围墙和临时建筑场地 的围墙)篱笆或障碍物用.",,"12","65","6.4","156",,,"75","7.2","139",,,"100","7.9","127",,,"125","8.6","116",,"14","65","10.9","91.8",,,"75","11.5","86.9",,,"100","13.0","76.9",,,"125","14.0","71.4""注 (1)刺钢丝规格的注写方法为"钢丝直径(号数)x尖数x刺间距离",或"钢丝直径(号数)x刺间距离"."" (2)表列刺钢丝的"每kg长度"和"重量",仅供参考.""刻痕钢丝""四)刻痕钢丝规格和重量""直径 (mm)","断面积 (mm2)","重量 (kg/m)"," 抗 拉 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,"屈 服 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,,"I组","II组","I组","II组""2.5","4.90","0.034","190","160","152","128""3","7.06","0.056","180","150","144","120""4","12.56","0.094","170","140","136","112""5","19.63","0.150","160","130","126","104""注 刻痕钢丝是由预应力混凝土结构用碳素钢丝(冷拔高强度钢丝)在经特制的"刻痕机"进行刻痕而制成的"" 预应力钢筋混凝土结构用的钢丝.""钢丝网""五)钢丝网规格和重量""号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)"20,"1.6","1.5",,"6","2.0","6.7",,"2.5","0.7","2.0",,"1","0.3","0.9","3.0","5.1",,"5.5","0.5","0.6",,"2.2","0.45","1.0",,,"0.35","1.2""18","1.6","1.7",,,"1.6","4.7",,,"0.6","1.6",,"0.9","0.25","0.7","3.0","5.7",,,"2.0","7.2",,,"0.8","2.9",,,"0.3","1.0""16","1.6","1.9",,"5","0.7","1.1",,"2","0.4","0.9",,,"0.4","1.6","3.0","6.3",,,"1.4","4.1",,,"0.5","1.3",,"0.8","0.22","0.6""14","1.4","1.7",,,"2.2","8.9",,,"0.6","1.9",,,"0.28","0.9","2.5","4.9",,"4.5","0.5","0.7",,,"1.2","6.0",,,"0.3","1.0""12","1.2","1.4",,,"1.0","2.3",,"1.8","0.4","0.9",,"0.7","0.2","0.6","2.5","5.7",,,"1.8","6.8",,,"0.5","1.4",,,"0.25","0.9""11","1.2","1.5",,"4","0.6","1.0",,,"0.7","2.6",,,"0.30","1.2","2.5","6.1",,,"1.0","2.6",,"1.6","0.3","0.6",,"0.63","0.22","0.7""10","1.0","1.2",,,"1.4","4.8",,,"0.4","1.0",,,"0.25","0.9","2.5","6.6",,"3.5","0.7","1.5",,,"0.45","1.3",,,"0.28","1.2""9","1.0","1.3",,,"1.0","2.9",,"1.4","0.30","0.7",,"0.56","0.22","0.8","2.2","5.7",,,"1.2","4.0",,,"0.35","0.9",,,"0.25","1.0""8","0.7","0.7",,"3.2","0.45","0.7",,,"0.65","2.7",,,"0.28","1.2","1.2","2.1",,,"0.9","2.7",,"1.2","0.28","0.7",,"0.5","0.22","0.9","1.8","4.5",,,"1.2","4.3",,,"0.35","1.0",,,"0.25","1.1""7","0.7","0.8",,"2.8","0.4","0.7",,,"0.4","1.3",,,"0.3","1.5","1.2","2.3",,,"0.7","1.8",,"1.1","0.28","0.7",,"0.45","0.2","0.8","1.8","5.0",,,"1.0","3.6",,,"0.35","1.1",,,"0.25","1.2""6","0.7","0.9",,"2.5","0.4","0.7",,,"0.40","1.4",,,"0.2","0.9","1.2","2.7",,,"0.5","1.1",,"1","0.25","0.7",,"0.4","0.25","1.3""钢板网""六)钢板网规格和重量""品 种","规 格 (mm)",,,,,,"每张大约重量(kg)","生产单位","丝梗厚度 h","孔眼宽度 T","丝梗宽度 b","节 距 t","网面宽度 B","网面长度 L""小","0.5","9","1","25","1800","600","0.875","上海中国钢板网厂",,,,,"2000",,"0.875","0.6","9","1","25","1800","600","1.000",,,,,"2000",,"1.125","0.7","9","1","25","1800","600","1.125",,,,,"2000",,"1.250""网","0.75","9","1","25","1800","600","1.250",,,,,"2000",,"1.375","0.8","9","1","25","1800","600","1.375",,,,,"2000",,"1.500","1","9","1","25","1500","600","1.625",,,,,"1800",,"1.875",,,,,"2000",,"2.125""大","0.5","7","1.2","2.5","1800","2800","5.85","上海中国钢板网厂","1","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","11.70",,"9","1.2","25","1500","3000","7.95",,,,,"1800","3600","11.70",,"9","1.1","25","2000","4000","14.76",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","11.70",,,,,"2000","4000","14.60","1.2","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","14.04",,"9","1.2","25","1800","3600","14.04",,,"1.1","25","2000","4000","17.71",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","14.04""网",,,,,"2000","4000","17.71","1.5","11","1.6","40","1800","3600","17.55",,"17","2.3","65","2000","4000","22.14","2","17","2.3","65","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"22","3.0","75","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"27","3.8","100","2000","4000","29.52","3","36","4.6","115","2000","4000","44.28",,"45","6.1","150""钢丝纱""七)钢丝纱(窗纱)规格和重量""规 格","面 积(m2/卷)","重 量",,"(kg/卷)","(kg/m2)""14目3x100","27.87","12.5","0.448""14目4x100","37.16","16.6","0.448""16目3x100",27.87,13.5,"0.484""16目4x100",37.16,"18.0","0.484""紫铜丝布""(八)紫铜丝布(紫铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","22","2.691",,"30","30","2.5116",,"65","36","1.9734""10","24","2.691",,"35","31","1.9734",,"70","36","1.9734""12","24","3.0498",,"40","32","1.9734",,"75","37","1.9734""16","26","2.1528",,"45","33","1.9734",,"80","37","1.9734""20","27","2.1528",,"50","34","1.9734",,"100","39","1.7940""24","30","2.1528",,"55","35","1.9734""28","30","2.3322",,"60","35","1.7940""黄铜丝布""(九)黄铜丝布(黄铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","24","1.5787",,"24","34","0.8611",,"50","38","0.6458""10","26","1.2375",,"26","34","0.8252",,"60","41","0.3947""12","27","1.2558",,"28","36","0.5386",,"70","42","0.3347""14","27","1.3276",,"30","36","0.5741",,"80","43","0.3767""16","32","0.6100",,"32","36","0.6100",,"90","43","0.4306""18","33","0.6100",,"34","36","0.6279",,"100","43","0.5023""20","33","0.7176",,"36","36","0.7176",,"110","44","0.3347""22","33","0.8611",,"40","36","0.4844",,"120","44","0.4485""铝及铝合金直角角型材""1,铝及铝合金直角角型材(XC111)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b"1,"12","1","0.234","0.065",,"25","25","1.3","0.734","0.204",,"49","38.3","5","3.590","0.998"2,"12","2","0.440","0.122",,"26","25","1.6","0.777","0.216",,"50","38.3","6.3","4.444","1.235"3,"12.5","1.6","0.377","0.105",,"27","25","2","0.964","0.268",,"51","40","2","1.564","0.435"4,"15","1","0.294","0.082",,"28","25","2.5","1.189","0.331",,"52","40","2.5","1.944","0.540"5,"15","1.2","0.353","0.098",,"29","25","3","1.410","0.392",,"53","40","3","2.320","0.645"6,"15","1.5","0.434","0.121",,"30","25","3.2","1.509","0.429",,"54","40","3.5","2.671","0.743"7,"15","2","0.564","0.157",,"31","25","3.5","1.641","0.456",,"55","40","3.5","2.694","0.749"8,"15","3","0.820","0.223",,"32","25","4","1.857","0.516",,"56","40","4","3.057","0.850"9,"16","1.6","0.429","0.119",,"33","25","5","2.242","0.623",,"57","40","5","3.750","1.043"10,"16","2.4","0.726","0.202",,"34","27","2","1.041","0.289",,"58","45","4","3.475","0.961"11,"18","1.5","0.524","0.146",,"35","27","2","1.090","0.303",,"59","45","5","4.277","1.189"12,"18","2","0.684","0.190",,"36","30","1.5","0.884","0.246",,"60","50","3","2.920","0.812"13,"19","1.6","0.585","0.163",,"37","30","2","1.164","0.324",,"61","50","4","3.857","1.072"14,"19","2.4","0.861","0.239",,"38","30","2.5","1.438","0.400",,"62","50","5","4.777","1.328"15,"19","3.2","1.125","0.313",,"39","30","3","1.720","0.478",,"63","50","6","5.655","1.572"16,"20","1","0.397","0.110",,"40","30","4","2.240","0.623",,"64","50","6.5","6.110","1.699"17,"20","1.2","0.473","0.131",,"41","32","2.4","1.491","0.415",,"65","50","12","10.600","2.947"18,"20","1.5","0.584","0.162",,"42","32","3.2","1.957","0.554",,"66","60","5","5.777","1.606"19,"20","2","0.764","0.212",,"43","32","3.5","2.131","0.592",,"67","60","6","6.855","1.906"20,"20","3","1.140","0.137",,"44","32","6.5","3.723","1.036",,"68","75","7","10.010","2.783"21,"20","4","1.475","0.410",,"45","35","3","2.005","0.557",,"69","75","8","11.360","3.158"22,"20.5","1.6","0.633","0.176",,"46","35","4","2.657","0.739",,"70","75","10","14.000","3.892"23,"23","2","0.680","0.245",,"47","38","2.4","1.773","0.498",,"71","90","5","8.750","2.433"24,"25","1.2","0.597","0.166",,"48","38.3","3.5","2.562","0.712",,"72","90","8","13.760","3.825""注 (1)铝及铝合金型材的尺寸,规格等摘自冶金工业部1970年颁发的《铝及铝镁合金挤压型材》."" (2)表内理论重量均按LY12合金比重(2.78)进行计算,其他材料的比重及换算系数如下:L1~L7(2.71)-0.975;"" LF2(2.68)-0.964;LF11(2.65)-0.953;LF21(2.73)-0.982;LD2(2.70)-0.971;"" LY11(2.80)-1.007;LY12(2.78)-1.000."" (3)铝型材主要生产单位有哈尔滨和西北铝加工厂等.西北铝加工厂的产品断面为100~400cm2,宽度小于530mm."" (4)铝及铝合金型材规格的表示方法是型材类别组号加序号,如XC111-4,其中,XC表示型材,后面的数字依次为"" 类别,组号,连字符后的数字为顺序号.""铝及铝合金直丁字型材""2,铝及铝合金直丁字型材(XC211)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"15","25","1","0.405","0.113",,"34","32","45","3","2.259","0.628"2,"19","50","2","1.378","0.383",,"35","32","48","2.4","1.874","0.521"3,"20","20","2","0.760","0.211",,"36","32","50","3","2.423","0.674"4,"20","30","1.5","0.740","0.206",,"37","35","32","1.5","1.000","0.278"5,"20","35","2","1.060","0.295",,"38","35","35","4","2.713","0.754"6,"20","37","2","1.117","0.311",,"39","35","40","2","1.468","0.408"7,"20","42","2","1.200","0.334",,"40","37","42","2","1.500","0.417"8,"20","42","2","1.240","0.345",,"41","38","44","5","3.910","1.087"9,"20","45","2","1.860","0.517",,"42","38","50","3.5","3.026","0.841"10,"20","90","2","2.160","0.600",,"43","38","50","4.8","3.990","1.109"11,"21","53","1.8","1.300","0.361",,"44","39","75","5","5.510","1.532"12,"22","48","1.4","1.960","0.267",,"45","40","36","5","3.350","0.933"13,"25","29","1.6","0.847","0.25",,"46","40","45","3","2.479","0.689"14,"25","35","1.5","0.890","0.247",,"47","40","45","4","3.274","0.910"15,"25","38","2.5","1.510","0.420",,"48","40","68","3","3.300","0.917"16,"25","40","2","1.280","0.356",,"49","40","130","6","9.840","2.736"17,"25","45","2.5","1.726","0.480",,"50","42","64","4","4.100","1.140"18,"25","45","3","2.019","0.561",,"51","45","40","2.2","1.860","0.517"19,"25","45","4","2.708","0.753",,"52","50","70","4","4.640","1.300"20,"25","48","1.4","1.012","0.288",,"53","51","51","2.4","2.443","0.679"21,"25","48","1.5","1.082","0.301",,"54","54","50","3","3.040","0.845"22,"25","50","2","1.499","0.417",,"55","54","68","3","3.608","1.003"23,"25","50","2.5","1.851","0.515",,"56","64","50","5","5.781","1.607"24,"26","38","2.5","1.554","0.432",,"57","63","50","2","2.320","0.645"25,"27","70","2","1.920","0.534",,"58","70","37","2","2.100","0.584"26,"29","38","1.6","1.055","0.293",,"59","70","55","2","2.460","0.684"27,"29","58","2.5","2.180","0.606",,"60","74","66","6","8.080","2.246"28,"29","58","3.5","2.991","0.831",,"61","75","40","3","3.400","0.945"29,"30","40","1.5","1.040","0.289",,"62","80","50","2","2.560","0.712"30,"30","40","2","1.370","0.381",,"63","80","60","3","4.110","1.143"31,"30","45","3","2.150","0.597",,"64","83","50","3","3.953","1.099"32,"30","56","4","3.280","0.912",,"65","90","77","10","15.700","4.365"33,"30","68","6.5","6.100","1.696""热轧铜板""1,热轧铜板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽 度 (mm)",,,,,,,,"理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)","600~900","1000~1200","1300~1500","1600~1800","1900~2200","2300~2500","2600~2800","2900~3000","最 大 长 度 (mm)""5.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"44.50""5.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"48.95""6.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"53.40""6.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"57.85""7.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"62.30""7.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"66.75""8.0","4000","5000","6000","5500","4800","4200","3700","3500","71.20""9.0","4000","5000","6000","5000","4200","3700","3300","3100","80.10""10.0","4000","5000","5500","4500","3800","3300","3000","3000","89.0""11.0","4000","5000","5000","4000","3400","3300","2800",,"97.9""12.0","4000","5000","4500","3800","3100","2800",,,"106.8""13.0","4000","5000","4000","3600","2900",,,,"115.7""14.0","4000","4500","3800","3300","2700",,,,"124.6""15.0","4500","4300","3600","3100","2500",,,,"133.5""16.0","4500","4300","3400","2000","2400",,,,"142.4""17.0","4500","4000","3200","2700","2200",,,,"151.3""18.0","4500","3900","3000","2600",,,,,"160.2""19.0","4500","3700","2800","2400",,,,,"169.1""20.0","4500","3500","2600","2300",,,,,"178.0""21.0","4000","3300","2500","2200",,,,,"186.9""22.0","4000","3000","2400","2100",,,,,"195.8""23.0","4000","3000","2400","2000",,,,,"204.7""24.0","3500","2800","2200","1900",,,,,"213.6""25.0","3500","2800","2000","1800",,,,,"222.5""注 热轧板的宽度按100mm进级.""铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材(XC511)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积 (mm2)","理论重量 (kg/m)","H","B","b"1,"23","38","1.2","1.178","0.327"2,"26","34.5","3.5","3.157","0.875"3,"57","48","8","11.000","3.058"4,"68","38","2.5","3.509","0.976"5,"86","60","6","11.600","3.225""铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材(XC411)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"12.7","15.9","1.6","0.688","0.191",,11,"38","25","3","2.613","0.726"2,"20","15","1.2","0.578","0.163",,12,"44","25","4","3.690","1.001"3,"20","15","1.5","0.721","0.200",,13,"50","19","2.5","2.102","0.584"4,"25","18","1.5","0.885","0.246",,14,"80","30","3","4.020","1.118"5,"25","23","3.5","2.267","0.630",,15,"80","35","4","5.680","1.579"6,"31","25","2.5","1.900","0.528",,16,"80","40","4","6.080","1.690"7,"32","14","1.9","1.000","0.303",,17,"100","30","3","4.620","1.284"8,"34","25","3.5","2.764","0.768",,18,"100","35","4","6.480","1.801"9,"36","26","2.5","2.075","0.577",,19,"100","40","4","6.880","1.913"10,"36","31.5","3.2","2.960","0.823""铝及铝合金槽形型材""3,铝及铝合金槽形型材(XC311)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"13","13","1.6","0.561","0.156",,"31","45","40","3","3.638","1.011"2,"13","34","3.5","2.579","0.717",,"32","46","25","5","4.300","1.195"3,"20","15","1.3","0.620","0.172",,"33","50","20","4","5.331","0.926"4,"21","28","4","2.868","0.797",,"34","50","30","2","2.120","0.589"5,"25","13","2.4","1.134","0.315",,"35","50","30","4","4.131","1.148"6,"25","15","1.5","0.795","0.221",,"36","55","25","5","4.819","1.340"7,"25","18","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"37","55","30","3","3.299","0.917"8,"25","18","2","1.140","0.317",,"38","60","25","4","4.131","1.148"9,"25","20","2.5","1.520","0.423",,"39","60","35","5","6.000","1.668"10,"25","20","4","2.280","0.634",,"40","60","40","4","4.480","1.245"11,"25","25","5","3.250","0.904",,"41","63","38.3","4.8","6.275","1.744"12,"30","15","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"42","64","38","4","5.300","1.473"13,"30","18","1.5","0.960","0.267",,"43","70","25","3","3.449","0.959"14,"30","20","2","1.335","0.371",,"44","70","25","5","5.500","1.529"15,"30","22","6","3.870","1.076",,"45","70","26","3.2","3.700","1.028"16,"32","25","1.8","1.437","0.399",,"46","70","30","4","4.931","1.371"17,"32","25","2.5","1.925","0.535",,"47","70","40","5","7.080","1.968"18,"35","20","2.5","1.770","0.492",,"48","75","45","5","7.831","2.177"19,"35","30","2","1.833","0.510",,"49","80","30","4.5","6.010","1.671"20,"38","50","5","6.560","1.824",,"50","80","35","4.5","6.414","1.783"21,"40","18","2","1.453","0.404",,"51","80","35","6","8.280","2.302"22,"40","18","2.5","1.795","0.499",,"52","80","40","4","6.131","1.704"23,"40","18","3","2.129","0.592",,"53","80","40","6","8.900","2.474"24,"40","21","4","2.960","0.823",,"54","80","60","4","7.480","2.079"25,"40","25","2","1.730","0.481",,"55","90","50","6","10.680","2.969"26,"40","25","3","2.549","0.709",,"56","100","40","6","10.080","2.802"27,"40","30","3.5","3.250","0.904",,"57","100","48","6.3","11.550","3.211"28,"40","32","3","2.978","0.828",,"58","100","50","5","9.580","2.663"29,"40","50","4","5.280","1.468",,"59","128","40","9","17.100","4.754"30,"45","20","3","2.370","0.659""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管1""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","0.25","0.30","0.40","0.50","0.60","0.80","1.0","1.2",1.4,"1.5",1.6,1.8,"2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""50",,,,,,,"1.21","1.44","1.68","1.79","1.91","2.14","2.37","2.59","2.93","3.25","3.48","3.70","4.01","4.54","5.05","5.55""(51)",,,,,,,"1.23","1.47","1.71","1.83","1.96","2.18","2.42","2.64","2.99","3.32","3.55","3.79","4.10","4.64","5.16","5.67""53",,,,,,,"1.28","1.53","1.78","1.91","2.03","2.27","2.52","2.76","3.11","3.46","3.70","3.94","4.27","4.83","5.38","5.92""(54)",,,,,,,"1.31","1.59","1.82","1.94","2.07","2.31","2.56","2.81","3.18","3.53","3.77","4.02","4.36","4.93","5.49","6.04""56",,,,,,,"1.36","1.62","1.89","2.02","2.15","2.40","2.66","2.92","3.30","3.66","3.92","4.17","4.53","5.13","5.71","6.29""(57)",,,,,,,"1.38","1.65","1.92","2.05","2.18","2.45","2.71","2.97","3.36","3.74","4.00","4.25","4.62","5.23","5.83","6.41""60",,,,,,,"1.46","1.74","2.02","2.16","2.31","2.58","2.86","3.13","3.55","3.94","4.22","4.49","4.88","5.52","6.16","6.78""63",,,,,,,"1.53","1.83","2.13","2.27","2.42","2.71","3.01","3.30","3.72","4.15","4.44","4.73","5.13","5.81","6.49","7.14""65",,,,,,,"1.58","1.89","2.20","2.35","2.50","2.80","3.11","3.40","3.85","4.29","4.59","4.89","5.31","6.02","6.71","7.40""(68)",,,,,,,"1.65","1.98","2.36","2.46","2.62","2.93","3.26","3.57","4.04","4.49","4.81","5.12","5.57","6.31","7.05","7.77""70",,,,,,,"1.70","2.03","2.37","2.53","2.70","3.02","3.35","3.68","4.16","4.36","4.96","5.23","5.74","6.51","7.27","8.01""(73)",,,,,,,"1.78","2.12","2.47","2.64","2.82","3.16","3.50","3.84","4.35","4.84","5.18","5.52","6.00","6.81","7.60","8.38""75",,,,,,,"1.82","2.18","2.54","2.71","2.90","3.24","3.60","3.95","4.46","4.97","5.32","5.68","6.17","7.00","7.82","8.62""(76)",,,,,,,"1.85","2.21","2.57","2.76","2.94","3.29","3.65","4.00","4.53","5.05","5.40","5.75","6.26","7.10","7.93","8.75""80",,,,,,,,,"2.71","2.90","3.09","3.47","3.84","4.22","4.77","5.32","5.69","6.07","6.60","7.49","8.37","9.24""(83)",,,,,,,,,"2.82","3.02","3.21","3.60","4.00","4.37","4.96","5.52","5.92","6.31","6.86","7.79","8.71","9.62""85",,,,,,,,,"2.88","3.08","3.29","3.69","4.09","4.48","5.08","5.66","6.06","6.46","7.04","7.98","8.93","9.83""(89)",,,,,,,,,"3.02","3.24","3.45","3.86","4.29","4.70","5.33","5.94","6.36","6.77","7.38","8.38","9.38","10.33""90",,,,,,,,,"3.05","3.27","3.49","3.91","4.34","4.76","5.39","6.01","6.43","6.86","7.47","8.47","9.49","10.47""95",,,,,,,,,"3.21","3.46","3.68","4.13","4.59","5.02","5.70","6.36","6.81","7.26","7.90","8.98","10.04","11.10"100,,,,,,,,,"3.40","3.64","3.88","4.35","4.83","5.30","6.00","6.70","7.17","7.65","8.32","9.46","10.59","11.70""(102)",,,,,,,,,"3.46","3.73","3.97","4.45","4.93","5.40","6.13","6.84","7.32","7.81","8.50","9.67","10.82","11.96""(108)",,,,,,,,,"3.67","3.95","4.21","4.72","5.23","5.74","6.50","7.25","7.77","8.29","9.02","10.26","11.49","12.70"110,,,,,,,,,"3.74","4.03","4.28","4.81","5.32","5.84","6.62","7.39","7.92","8.43","9.19","10.46","11.70","12.93"120,,,,,,,,,,"4.36","4.66","5.25","5.83","6.38","7.24","8.07","8.66","9.22","10.06","11.44","12.93","14.30"125,,,,,,,,,,,,"5.46","6.06","6.64","7.54","8.42","9.02","9.61","10.50","11.91","13.37","14.80"130,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"7.86","8.78","9.40","10.00","10.92","12.43","13.92","15.48""(133)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"8.05","8.98","9.59","10.25","11.18","12.75","14.26","15.75"140,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.11","10.79","11.80","13.42","15.05","16.65"150,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.85","11.52","12.65","14.39","16.11","17.85"160,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"13.53","15.38","17.25","19.09"170,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"14.31","16.31","18.35","20.30"180,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"15.20","17.30","19.50","21.59"190,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"18.29","20.60","22.80"200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"19.67","21.65","24.00""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管2""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","5.5","6.0","6.5","7.0","7.5","8.0","8.5","9","9.5","10",11,12,"钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""5""6""7""8""9""10","0.518","0.536","0.561""11","0.592","0.615","0.647""12","0.666","0.694","0.734","0.789""(13)","0.740","0.774","0.820","0.888""14","0.814","0.852","0.906","0.986""(15)","0.888","0.932","0.993","1.09","1.17","1.23""16","0.962","1.10","1.08","1.18","1.28","1.35""(17)","1.04","1.09","1.17","1.28","1.39","1.48""18","1.11","1.17","1.25","1.38","1.50","1.60""(19)","1.18","1.25","1.34","1.48","1.61","1.73","1.54","1.92""20","1.26","1.33","1.42","1.58","1.72","1.85","1.97","2.07""(21)","1.33","1.41","1.51","1.68","1.83","1.97","2.10","2.22""22","1.41","1.49","1.60","1.77","1.94","2.10","2.24","2.37""(23)","1.48","1.57","1.68","1.87","2.05","2.22","2.37","2.52""(24)","1.55","1.64","1.77","1.97","2.16","2.34","2.51","2.66","2.81","2.93""25","1.63","1.72","1.86","2.07","2.28","2.47","2.64","2.81","2.97","3.11""(27)","1.78","1.88","2.03","2.27","2.50","2.71","2.92","3.11","3.29","3.45""28","1.85","1.96","2.11","2.37","2.61","2.84","3.05","3.26","3.45","3.68""29","1.92","2.02","2.20","2.47","2.72","2.96","3.19","3.40","3.60","3.80","3.98""30","2.00","2.12","2.29","2.56","2.83","3.08","3.32","3.55","3.77","3.97","4.16","4.34""32","2.15","1.28","2.46","2.76","3.05","3.33","3.59","3.85","4.09","4.32","4.53","4.74""34","2.29","2.43","2.63","2.96","3.27","3.58","3.87","4.14","4.41","4.66","4.90","5.13""(35)","2.37","2.51","2.72","3.06","3.38","3.70","4.00","4.29","4.57","4.83","5.09","5.33""36","2.44","2.59","2.81","3.16","3.50","3.82","4.14","4.44","4.73","5.01","5.27","5.52""38","2.59","2.75","2.98","3.35","3.72","4.07","4.41","4.74","5.05","5.35","5.64","5.92","6.18","6.44""40","2.74","2.91","3.15","3.55","3.94","4.32","4.68","5.03","5.37","5.70","6.01","6.31","6.60","6.88""42","2.89","3.07","3.32","3.75","4.16","4.56","4.95","5.33","5.69","6.04","6.38","6.71","7.02","7.32""44.5","3.07","3.25","3.54","4.00","4.44","4.87","5.29","5.70","6.09","6.47","6.84","7.20","7.55","7.88""45","3.11","3.31","3.58","4.04","4.49","4.93","5.36","5.77","6.17","6.56","6.94","7.30","7.65","7.99","8.32","8.63""48","3.33","3.54","3.84","4.34","4.83","5.30","5.76","6.21","6.65","7.08","7.49","7.89","8.28","8.66","9.03","9.57""水,煤气输送钢管""1,水,煤气输送钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)234-63]""公称内径",,"钢 管 螺 纹",,"外径 (mm)","普通管",,"加厚管""mm","(in.)",,"壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)","壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)""6","1/8''","10","2","0.89","2.50","0.46""8","1/4''","13.5","2.25","0.62","2.75","0.73""10","3/8''","17","2.25","0.82","2.75","0.97""15","1/2''","21.25","2.75","1.25","3.25","1.44""20","3/4''","26.75","2.75","1.63","3.5","2.01""25","1''","33.5","3.25","2.42","4","2.91""32","1 1''/4","42.25","3.25","3.13","4","3.77""40","1 1''/2","48","3.5","3.84","4.25","4.58""50","2''","60","3.5","4.88","4.5","6.16""70","2 1''/2","75.5","3.75","6.64","4.5","7.88""80","3''","88.5","4","8.34","4.75","9.81""100","4''","114","4","10.85","5","13.44""125","5''","140","4.5","15.04","5.5","18.24""150","6''","165","4.5","17.81","5.5","21.63""注(1)表列钢管是适用于输送水,煤气及采暖系统等用的钢管.分镀锌和不镀锌(黑管)两种;又分带螺纹和"" 不带螺纹两种;按壁厚可分为普通钢管,加厚钢管和薄壁钢管."" (2)钢管的长度规定为:无螺纹的黑管4~12m;带螺纹的黑管和镀锌管4~9m.每批允许有10%的(按根数计算)"" 2~4m长的短尺钢管或4~9m米长的接管(即用一个管接头将两根钢管连接而成)."" (3)经供需双方协议,可供应定尺长度或倍尺长度的钢管.其最大长度可到8m.按倍尺交货的钢管,每个单"" 倍尺应留切口5~10mm."" (4)钢管用易焊接的软钢制造,钢号和制造方法(炉焊或电焊)均由制造厂选择."" (5)钢管应能承受下列规定压力的水压试验:普通钢管和薄壁钢管:20kg/cm2;加厚钢管30kg/cm2.""电丝套管""2,电丝套管规格,重量表""名称","外径 (mm)","近似内径 (mm)","管壁厚度 (mm)","重量 (kg/m)","每吨长度 (m/t)""5/8''","15.9","12.3","1.8","0.626","1597.44""3/4''","19.1","15.5","1.8","0.627","1302.08""1''","25.4","21.8","1.8","0.628","954.20""1 1''/4","31.8","28.2","1.8","0.629","750.75""1 1''/2","38.1","34.5","1.8","0.630","620.73""电焊钢管""电焊钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)242-68]""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)",0.5,0.6,0.8,"1.0","1.2","1.4","1.5","1.6","1.8","2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","3.8","4.0",4.2,4.5,4.8,"5.0",5.5,"钢 管 的 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""(5)","0.055","0.065","0.083","0.099""(6)","0.068","0.080","0.108","0.123""(7)","0.080","0.095","0.122","0.148""(8)","0.092","0.110","0.142","0.173","(0.202)""(9)","0.105","0.125","0.162","0.197","0.231""10","0.117","0.139","0.182","0.222","(0.261)""(11)","0.129","0.154","0.201","0.247","0.290""12","0.142","0.169","0.221","0.271","0.320","0.365","(0.388)","0.411""(13)",,"0.184","0.241","0.296","0.349","0.400","0.425","0.451""(14)",,"0.199","0.260","0.321","0.379","0.434","0.462","0.490""15",,"0.214","0.280","0.345","0.409","0.468","(0.499)","0.529""16",,"0.228","0.300","0.370","0.438","0.503","(0.536)","0.568""(17)",,"0.244","0.320","0.395","0.468","0.537","0.573","0.608""18",,"0.258","0.340","0.419","0.497","0..572","(0.610)","0.647","(0.717)","(0.789)""(19)",,"0.274","0.359","0.444","0.527","0

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在20-40吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。　　　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。　　　　简单来说，冷轧，是在热轧板卷的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧---酸洗---冷轧这样的加工过程。　　　　冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由于热轧经过连续冷变型而成的冷轧，在机械性能比较差，硬度太高。必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。　　　　冷轧一般都会经过退火处理。

电工圆铝线,是铝线的一种，运用于电器设备的一种铝线。电工技术具体包括以下内容：（1） 机械技术　　机械技术是机电一体化的基础，机械技术的着眼点在于如何与机电一体化技术相适应，利用其它高、新技术来更新概念，实现结构上、材料上、性能上的变更，满足减小重量、缩小体积、提高精度、提高刚度及改善性能的要求。在机电一体化系统制造过程中，经典的机械理论与工艺应借助于计算机辅助技术，同时采用人工智能与专家系统等，形成新一代的机械制造技术。（2） 计算机与信息技术　　其中信息交换、存取、运算、判断与决策、人工智能技术、专家系统技术、神经网络技术均属于计算机信息处理技术。（3） 系统技术　　系统技术即以整体的概念组织应用各种相关技术，从全局角度和系统目标出发，将总体分解成相互关联的若干功能单元，接口技术是系统技术中一个重要方面，它是实现系统各部分有机连接的保证。（4） 自动控制技术　　其范围很广，在控制理论指导下，进行系统设计，设计后的系统仿真，现场调试，控制技术包括如高精度定位控制、速度控制、自适应控制、自诊断校正、补偿、再现、检索等。（5） 传感检测技术　　传感检测技术是系统的感受器官，是实现自动控制、自动调节的关键环节。其功能越强，系统的自动化程序就越高。现代工程要求传感器能快速、精确地获取信息并能经受严酷环境的考验，它是机电一体化系统达到高水平的保证。（6） 伺服传动技术　　包括电动、气动、液压等各种类型的传动装置，伺服系统是实现电信号到机械动作的转换装置与部件、对系统的动态性能、控制质量和功能有决定性的影响。铝线是以铝及铝合金线坯为原料通过拉拔而得到的成盘的线制品，包括高纯铝线、普通铝线及合金铝线等。高纯铝线铝含量在99．9％以上，用于电子工业，真空镀膜，镀铝纸等。普通铝线铝含量在99．9％以下，用于电线、电缆、电机、电器的制造以及作为铆钉和焊接材料来使用。铝合金线用于电子及纺织部门以及用作电线、电缆、铆钉、焊料等。想要了解更多电工圆铝线的相关资讯，请浏览上海 有色 网（ www.smm.cn ）铝频道。

圆铝线，一种越来越广泛运用于高载流量线路的铝线。由于我国电力工业快速发展的要求，从2010年起到2020年的10年内需要增加装机容量将在3亿千瓦，平均每年要新增装机容量3000多万千瓦，如考虑设备更新改造，其建设规模将更为巨大，这将迅速带动电线电缆 行业 的发展。通过铝合金电工圆杆拉丝生产的铝合金导线，具有耐热性好、强度高、重量轻等优点，正越来越受到电力系统的重视。从全球范围来看，线缆用电工铝圆杆中合金电工铝圆杆约占20%，且比例仍在不断提高，在欧洲等发达地区合金铝圆杆用量占比高达80%，我国目前的电网网架建设在大跨越工程、重冰区及高载流量线路都逐渐趋向于采用铝合金导线。铝，银白色有光泽 金属 ，密度2.702克/立方厘米，熔点为660.37℃，沸点为2467℃。具有良好的导热性、导电性和延展性。化合价+3，电离能5.986电子伏特。铝被称为活泼 金属 元素，但在空气中其表面会形成一层致密的氧化膜，使之不能与氧、水继续作用。在高温下能与氧反应，放出大量热，用此种高反应热，铝可以从其它氧化物中置换 金属 （铝热法）。想要了解更多关于圆铝线的资讯，请浏览上海 有色 网（ www.smm.cn ） 

硬圆铜线与软圆铜线的主要区别是，硬圆铜线：代号TY，由铜杆拉丝后直接而得，直流电阻率较大（不大于0.01796 p20 Ωmm2/m），延伸率较差（不小于0.6%）。软圆铜线：代号TR，由铜杆、硬圆铜线拉丝后，再经过退火热处理而得，直流电阻率较小（不大于0.017241 p20 Ωmm2/m），延伸率较好（不小于25%）。  电工圆铜适用范围：本标准适用于拉制电线电缆导电线芯用圆铜线、型铜线和其它电工用铜导体的热轧黑圆铜杆。  使用特性：圆铜杆规格的选择应根据铜线的最终拉制尺寸、所需要的性能和实际的拉制工艺决定。  圆铜线的国际标准：GB T 468-1997 电工用铜线锭                    GB3952.1～3952.4-89  电工圆铜杆                    GB/T 3952—1998  电工用铜线坯                    GB3953-1983  电工圆铜线,

冷轧薄钢板，简称冷轧钢板、冷轧薄板、冷轧板、冷板等。它还包括不锈钢板、弹簧钢板、硬钢片、镀锌板、镀锡板、镀铝板等。冷轧薄钢带，简称冷轧钢带、冷轧带钢、钢带、带钢、薄钢带、冷轧卷等。还包括不锈钢带、镀锌钢带、镀锡钢带等。 冷轧钢板标准 冷轧薄钢板、钢带（以下简称冷轧薄板）主要用于零件的冲压加工，而冷轧薄板的力学性能十分重要，它直接关系到板材的冲压性能。冷轧薄板是以不同的热处理状态分级的，不同硬度的材料，用于不同的加工方法，国家标准GB/T 13237-1991《优质碳素结构钢冷轧薄钢板和钢带》将冷轧薄板大致分为三级，P级用于普通冲压，S级用于深度冲压，Z级用于最深度冲压。中国冶金标准YB/T 5059-1993《低碳钢冷轧钢带》将薄钢板按硬度分为五级，即：TR（特级）、R（软）、BR（半软）、DY（低硬）和Y（冷硬）。其实通过一定的冷轧变形程度和冷轧后热处理的恰当配合，可以在广泛的范围内满足用户关于材料力学性能方面的要求。冷轧薄板根据用户加工上的要求可以分成更多的级别。例如：日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》的分类除分为一般用（spcc）、冲压用(spcd)和深冲压用（spce）三类外，还细分为退火、标准调质、1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬、全硬等级别。 在冷轧薄板力学性能的检测方面，一些标准只规定了拉伸试验，另一些标准除拉伸试验外还规定了硬度试验。 中国标准GB/T 13237-1991就只规定了拉伸试验，技术要求冷轧钢板标准如表一所示：牌号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率不小于拉延级别Z－S和PZSP08F275～365275～38034323008,08Al,10F275～390275～41032302810295～410295～43030392815F315～430315～45029282715335～450335～47027262520355～490335～50026252425——390～540——242330——440～590——222135——490～635——201940——510～650————1845——530～680————1650——540～715————14 日本标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》（该标准中包含了冷轧薄钢板和钢带）规定了拉伸试验，也规定了硬度试验，该标准的力学性能要求如下：表二：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的拉伸试验质牌号抗拉强度/MPa 不小于 伸长率/%不小于试样按以下公称厚度/mm>=0.250.250.400.601.01.6>=2.5SPCC SPCD SPCE(270) 270 270(32) 34 36(34) 36 3836 38 40　 37 39 41 　　 (38) 40 42 　39 41 435号试样轧制方向 表三：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的硬度值。调质区分符号 硬度最大HRBHV退火A57105标准调质S65115 注：厚度小于0.6mm的钢板和钢带，原则上不进行拉伸试验。 表四：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬材料的拉伸试验值。调质区分 符号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率/%最小试样1/8硬8294～410255号试样轧制方向1/4硬4370～490101/2硬2440～590——硬1>=550——     表五：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬状态的硬度值。调质区分符号HRBHV1/8硬 1/4硬8450～7165～8095～130 115～1501/2硬 硬2174～89 ≥85135～185 ≥170注：HRB和HV，仅选用其中之一。英国标准BS 1449/1.9-1991《厚板、薄板和钢带第一部分：碳素钢和碳锰钢厚板、薄板和钢带具有成形性能的冷轧窄钢带技术条件》对冷轧板分级为CS1（铝镇静稳定化超深冲）、CS2（超深冲）、CS3（深冲）、CS4（折边）、CS15（商品级）。这项标准的力学性能要求如表六所示： 表六：钢材交货时的力学性能轧制状态和级别退火（A）或平整冷轧（SP）状态硬度HV1)2)最大屈服强度Re1)/MPa最小抗拉强度Rm1)/MPa最小伸长率A1)/%最小弯心直径1)（180°弯曲）原始标距LO50mm80mmCS1A9514027038（36）0aSP10514027036（34）0aCS2A9514027036（34）0a SP10014027036（34）0aCS3A100（140）（280）（34）（32）0aSP110（140）（280）（34）（32）0aCS4A105（140）（280）——0aSP115（140）（280）——0a 注：1）窄钢带交货应符合，或者硬度和弯曲试验，或者拉伸和弯曲试验，但硬度和拉伸试验不应同时进行。     2）对于SP（平整冷轧）状态，与镀层精整（PL）或镜面光洁度（MF），或以“无拉伸痕”交货的钢材组合，最大硬度可以提高5个HV或抗拉强度可以提高20MPa。     3）牌号CS2、CS3和CS4的硬度值仅适用于沸腾钢。 如上所述冷轧薄板的力学性能可以通过拉伸试验来检测，也可以通过硬度试验来检测。由于硬度试验设备简单、易于掌握，试验效率高，并且金属硬度与强度之间有一定的对应关系，所以硬度检测是确定材料力学性能的更方便的方法。冷轧薄板的硬度检测可以用于冷轧板生产过程的质量控制，更适于生产冲压产品的厂家对原材料进行力学性能的复检。 日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996规定的硬度试验是洛氏硬度HRB和维氏硬度HV。维氏硬度试验可用于冷轧薄板，但洛氏硬度HRB却不适用于测试薄板材料。因为当板材厚度小于2mm时，测试HRB硬度可能会因为发生“测砧效应”而使测量的硬度值失准。对于薄板材料，可以测试表面洛氏硬度HRN或HRT，然后换算成HRB或HV硬度。冷轧钢板标准生产了一种便携式表面洛氏硬度计，它非常适合测试薄板和钢带材料，它可以在生产现场、销售现场或材料仓库快速进行冷轧薄板材料的洛氏硬度检测，完成一次测量仅需要10秒钟时间，检测的板材厚度范围为0.05-50mm。这种仪器可以用在冷轧薄板带的生产线上，对产品的热处理效果进行在线的质量控制。这种仪器更适用于冲压产品的生产厂家。可以用它对购入的板材硬度进行复检，可以携带它去钢材市场选购材料，也可以利用它对自己厂生产的冲压产品进行硬度检测。 这种仪器如果配上一个支承座，还可以放到办公桌上使用。可以对成批的成品或半成品工件做逐件检测。它的测试精度与台式洛氏硬度计相同。 目前冷轧薄带材料正在向超薄方向发展，据报道，上海宝钢已扎制出厚度为0.08mm的冷轧薄板带材。采用本所生产的PHR-1S型表面洛氏硬度计，配一个金刚点砧座，就可测试薄至0.05mm冷轧薄板带材料的硬度。 这种应用完全可以取代维氏硬度计，使冷轧薄板材料的力学性能检测实现快速、简便、经济。

冷轧镀锌板，是一种镀锌钢板。钢板按轧制分为热轧和冷轧两种。冷轧板是平板状的，矩形的，可直接轧制而成的。冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧和热轧的区别： 1、冷轧成型钢允许截面出现局部屈曲，从而可以充分利用杆件屈曲后的承载力；而热轧型钢不允许截面发生局部屈曲。2、热轧型钢和冷轧型钢残余应力产生的原因不同，所以截面上的分布也有很大差异。冷弯薄壁型钢截面上的残余应力分布是弯曲型的，而热扎型钢或焊接型钢截面上残余应力分布是薄膜型。3、热轧型钢的自由扭转刚度比冷轧型钢高，所以热轧型钢的抗扭性能要优于冷轧型钢。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。冷轧镀锌板用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及 产业 设备、各种建筑材料。

网片根据加工工艺的不同，分成电焊网片、镀锌网片、不锈钢网片、点焊网片等等。其中镀锌网片，是指网片在成型之后，所进行的防锈处理，在网片上镀上一层锌，提高网片的耐锈蚀性。镀锌电焊网片系选用优质铁丝，通过精密的自动化机械焊接制成，电焊网片成型后进行镀锌（电镀或热镀）。网片是由网线编织成的一定尺寸网目结构的片状编织物。主要用于煤矿护顶、隧道、桥梁建设、路基网筋、建筑工地。制作网片的材质可以是低碳钢丝、电镀锌丝、电镀锌改拔丝。 可以分为：不锈钢网片、黑铁丝网片、镀锌铁丝网片、涂塑网片、带框网片、镀铜电焊网片。网片之所以在许多地方可以派上用处，是因为它的优点多多。焊接牢固，网孔均匀，网面平整，耐腐蚀、强度大、防护能力强。镀锌网片在镀锌工艺之后，还可以涂上颜色，不仅增强了防蚀性能，还美观，我们称之为“装饰网片”。这种类型的镀锌网片被广泛运用于展览会的布置、商场的样品架。镀锌网片的产品规格 

  裸圆铜线，就是将铜线环绕成圆柱状。  常用裸圆铜线的特性和用途：  具有良好的机械强度，附着性，耐变压器油及耐冷媒性能，但该产品耐潮性能差，热软化击穿温度低，耐用苯-醇混合溶剂性能弱等缺陷，目 前仅少量用于油浸变压器，充油电机的绕组。  聚酯及改性聚酯的漆包线，普通聚酯漆包线，热级为130,经改性后漆包线热级为155级。该产品机械强度高，并具有良好的弹性，耐刮，附着性，电气性能和耐溶剂性能，它是我国目前生 产量 最大的一个品种，约占三分之二：广泛应用在各种电机，电器，仪表，电讯器材及家电产品上；该产品的弱点是耐热冲击性能差，耐潮性能较低。  产品制造出来以后，其外观，尺寸及性能是否符合产品的技术标准和用户的技术协议的要求，必须通过检验束判断，经过测量；试验，与产品的技术标准或用户在技术协议对比，符合要求的则是合格，反之，则为不合格，通过检验可反应产品质量的稳定性及材料，工艺的合理性，所以，质量检验具有把关，预防和鉴别的作用检验的内容包括；外观和尺寸的检验测量，性能的测试。其中性能包括：机械性能，化学性能，热性能和电性能。  想要了解更多关于电工铜线的信息，请继续浏览上海 有色 网。 

 镀锡圆铜线使用范围：适用于制造电线电缆及电器制品用的镀锡软圆铜线。简称为镀锡铜线镀锡铜线产品特性 ：                                                         1、  镀锡铜线拥有极之优良的可焊性。                                2、  随着时间变化，可焊性仍保持良好，可长期储藏。                 3、  表面平滑、光亮、润泽。                                                           4、  性能稳定可靠，确保优质、高产。 镀锡铜线产品适用范围：        1、电阻和电容；         2、  光敏元件、二极管和晶体管的传感器；         3、跳线等电子元件;电线.电缆生产厂家的首选产品及其它用途；           （一）产品性能：1 外观: 表面光亮、色泽均匀，无脱锡、黑斑、裂痕、毛刺、发黄、锡瘤等异常。2 线径: 允许偏差±0.01mm.3 镀锡厚度: 薄镀：1.5-2.5mm ；中镀：2.5-4.0mm ；厚镀：4 mm以上4 延伸率: ≥15%    （或按客户要求）5 反复弯折: ≥4次6 抗拉强度: ≥245KG/mm27 可焊性: 250±2℃无铅锡浸2±0.5s，新锡可以附着95%以上。8 老化试验: 200±5℃烘烤1小时，无发黄、变黑现象。9 连续性: 经盐酸、多硫化钠溶液试验三周期，无露铜、黑斑。10 结合力: 经缠绕6圈以上浸于饱和的多硫化钠中试验，无裂纹、发黑。（二）包装方式：产品包装方式分为三种：胶轴、胶桶、纸筒1、胶轴装：小胶轴：3-5kg；中胶轴：12-18kg；大胶轴：25-30kg；2、胶桶装：15-25kg；3、纸筒装：18-25kg； 镀锡圆铜线使用和适用的地方较广 详细内容请查阅上海 有色 网

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板。冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，冷轧钢板的密度不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。冷轧钢板的密度：热轧钢板含碳量可比冷轧钢板略高些。在成份相持不大的情况下密度是一样的。但如果成份相差悬殊，如不锈钢不论冷轧、热轧密度都在7.9g/cm3左右。具体还要看成份，热轧只是延展性更好，钢材同样受到压力作用

（二）电工用冷轧硅钢薄板（GB2521-88）  　　用含硅0.8％-4.8％的电工硅钢为材质，经冷轧而成。  　　冷轧硅钢片分晶粒无取向和晶粒取向两种钢带。冷轧电工钢带具有表面平整、厚度均匀、叠装系数高、冲片性好等特点，且比热轧电工钢带磁感高、铁损低。用冷带代替热轧带制造电机或变压器，其重量和体积可减少0％-25％。若用冷轧取向带，性能更佳，用它代替热轧带或低档次冷轧带，可减少变压器电能消耗量45％-50％，且变压器工作性能更可靠。  　　用于制造电机和变压器。通常，晶粒无取向冷轧带用作电机或焊接变压器等的状态；晶粒取向冷轧带用作电源变压器、脉冲变压器和磁放大器等的铁芯。  　　钢板规格尺寸：厚度为0.35、0.50、0.65mm，宽度为800-1000mm，长度为≤2.0m。

      钨铜合金片是钨铜合金的一种材料类型，综合了 金属 钨和铜的优点，其中钨熔点高(钨熔点为3410℃，铁的熔点1534℃)，密度大(钨密度为19.34g/cm3，铁的密度为7.8 g/cm3) ；铜导电导热性能优越，其微观组织均匀、耐高温、强度高、耐电弧烧蚀、密度大；导电、导热性能适中。     常用合金的含铜量为10％～50％。合金用粉末冶金方法制取，具有很好的导电导热性，较好的高温强度和一定的塑性。在很高的温度下，如3000℃以上，合金中的铜被液化蒸发，大量吸收热量，降低材料表面温度。所以这类材料也称为 金属 发汗材料。钨铜合金有较广泛的用途，主要是用来制造抗电弧烧蚀的高压电器开关的触头和火箭喷管喉衬、尾舵等高温构件，也用作电加工的电极、高温模具以及其他要求导电导热性能和高温使用的场合。      钨铜合金片具有高强度/高比重/耐高温/耐电弧烧蚀/导电电热性能好/加工性能好,采用高品质钨粉及无氧铜粉,应用等静压成型(高温烧结-渗铜),保证产品纯度及准确配比,组织细密,性能优异. 断弧性能好，导电性好,导热性好,热膨胀小。广泛应用于军用耐高温材料、高压开关用电工合金、电加工电极、微电子材料，做为零部件和元器件广泛应用于航天、航空、电子、电力、冶金、机械、体育器材等 行业 。    

相较于其他材料的散热片，纯铜散热片的优点尤为突出。散热片是一种给电器中的易发热电子元件散热的装置，多由铝合金，黄铜或青铜做成板状，片状，多片状等，如电脑中CPU中央处理器要使用相当大的散热片，电视机中电源管，行管，功放器中的功放管都要使用散热片。一般散热片在使用中要在电子元件与散热片接触面涂上一层导热硅脂，使元器件发出的热量更有效的传导到散热片上，在经散热片散发到周围空气中去。就散热片材质来说，每种材料其导热性能是不同的，按导热性能从高到低排列，分别是银，铜，铝，钢。不过如果用银来作散热片会太昂贵，故最好的方案为采用铜质。虽然铝便宜  散热片得多，但显然导热性就不如铜好（大约只有铜的50%左右）。目前常用的散热片材质是铜和铝合金，二者各有其优缺点。铜的导热性好，但 价格 较贵，加工难度较高，重量过大（很多纯铜散热器都超过了CPU对重量的限制），热容量较小，而且容易氧化。而纯铝太软，不能直接使用，都是使用的铝合金才能提供足够的硬度，铝合金的优点是 价格 低廉，重量轻，但导热性比铜就要差很多。有些散热器就各取所长，在铝合金散热器底座上嵌入一片铜板。钢制散热器：外形美观，但怕氧化，要采取内防腐处理，停水时一定要充水密封，防止空气进入。并且其对小区的供暖系统有一定要求，需专业人员上门查看。铝制散热器：不受小区采暖系统的限制，散热性较好，节能；若发现室内温度不够，还可以在采暖季之后加装暖气片。但铝材料怕碱水腐蚀，进行内防腐处理可提高使用寿命。铜铝制散热器：承压能力高，散热效果好，防腐效果好，采暖季过后无须满水保养，没有碱化和氧化之虞，比较适合北方的水质及复杂的供暖系统，但造型较单一。纯铜散热片由于抗氧化性能差，所以往往采用铜铝合金作为散热片的材料。 

它们的化学成分、力学性能及特性和应用都不一样。 45钢是优质碳素结构钢,而65Mn是弹簧钢。 以下为45钢的参数： 化学成分： 化学成分质量分数%|C: 0.42～0.50 化学成分质量分数%|Si: 0.17～0.37 化学成分质量分数%|Mn: 0.50～0.80 化学成分质量分数%|Cr≤: 0.25 化学成分质量分数%|Ni≤: 0.30 化学成分质量分数%|Cu≤: 0.25 力学性能： 试样毛坯尺寸/mm: 25 碳圆的材质推荐热处理/℃|正火: 850 推荐热处理/℃|淬火: 840 推荐热处理/℃|回火: 600 力学性能|σb/MPa≥: 600 力学性能|σs/MPa≥: 355   力学性能|δ5(%)≥: 16 力学性能|ψ(%)≥: 40 力学性能|AKU/J≥: 39 钢材交货状态硬度HBS10/3000，≤|未热处理钢: 229 钢材交货状态硬度HBS10/3000，≤|退火钢: 197 主要特征: 最常用中碳调质钢，综合力学性能良好，淬透性低，水淬时易生裂纹。小型件宜采用调质处理，大型件宜采用正火处理 应用举例: 主要用于制造强度高的运动件，如透平机叶轮、压缩机活塞。轴、齿轮、齿条、蜗杆等。焊接件注意焊前预热，焊后消除应力退火 以下为65Mn的技术参数： 化学成分： 化学成分质量分数(%)|C: 0.62～0.70 化学成分质量分数(%)|Si: 0.17～0.37 化学成分质量分数(%)|Mn: 0.90～1.20 化学成分质量分数(%)|Cr: ≤0.25 化学成分质量分数(%)|其他: 化学成分质量分数(%)|Ni≤: 0.25 化学成分质量分数(%)|Cu≤: 0.25 化学成分质量分数(%)|P≤: 0.035 化学成分质量分数(%)|S≤: 0.035 力学性能： 淬火温度/℃: 830 淬火介质: 油 回火温度/℃: 540 σs/MPa: 785 σb/MPa: 980 δ5(%): － δ10(%): 8 ψ(%): 30 交货状态: 热轧|冷拉＋热处理 交货状态下布氏硬度HBS≤: 321 主要特性： 锰提高了钢的淬透性，经热处理后的综合力学性能优于碳钢。 应用举例： 小尺寸各种扁、圆弹簧、座垫弹簧、弹簧发条，也可制做弹簧环 、气门簧、 离合器、 刹车弹簧 、冷卷螺旋弹 簧 碳纳米管是一种奇异分子，它是使用一种特殊的化学气相方法，使碳原子形成长链来生长出的超细管子，细到5万根并排起来才有一根头发丝宽。这种又长又细的分子，人们给它取个计量单位“纳米”（百万分之一毫米）的名字，叫“纳米管”。尽管碳纳米管的理论上可长到几公里而不断，但人们已用多种方法制备的碳纳米管，最长也只有一二百微米。我国科学家另辟蹊径，创造性的制出了3毫米长的碳纳米管，把长度增加了上万倍。 碳纳米管有着不可思议的强度与韧性，重量却极轻，导电性极强，兼有金属和半导体的性能；把纳米管组合起来，比同体积的钢强度高100倍 ，重量却只有1/6。

进口一级正材SUS304、304L、316、316L 201、202 301 321 310S 1、圆管:4-406.4mm 厚度:0.3-12.0 mm 2、方管:10*10-150*150mm 厚度0.4-6.0mm 3、矩管:10*20-100*200mm 厚度:0.4-6.0mm 4、花管:15.9-76.2mm 厚度:1.0-1.5mm304圆管二、工业配管用不锈钢钢管 执行标准：ASTM A312 ASTM A778 GB/T12771 材质：进口一级正材304 304L 316 316L 规格：φ13.72~φ1000mm 产品用于: 化工、石化、水处理、造纸、食品卫生等设备的配管三、锅炉热交换器、冷凝器用不锈钢钢管 执行标准：ASTM A249 JIS G3463或DIN 17457 材质：进口一级正材304 304L 316 316L 规格：φ13.72~φ1000mm 产品用于：建造高压和超高压电站锅炉，建造过热蒸汽管、沸水管及机车锅炉用过热蒸管。四、食品卫生用不锈钢管 执行标准：ASTM A249 ASTM A270 JISG3347 材质：进口一级正材304 304L 316 316L 规格：φ15.9~165.2 产品用于:化工、石化、水处理、造纸、食品卫生等设备的配管五、特殊用管工艺内外抛光（表面等级：抛光180#、220#，240#，320#，400#，600#）；拉丝；酸洗；内焊道整平；在线光辉热处理。不锈钢管全部采用进口一级正材不锈钢板材制造，特色在于：无砂眼，无砂孔，无黑点，无裂缝，焊道平整。折弯，切割，焊接加工性能优势，镍含量稳定，产品符合中国GB、美国ASTM、日本JIS等规范！圆直径304.底面园直径452.高77.V＝πh(R2＋Rr＋r2)/3 =3.14*77(226^2+226*152+152^2)/3 =3.14*77*(51076+34352+23104)/3 =3.14*77*108532/3 =8746955.653r－上底半径=304/2=152 R－下底半径=452/2=226 h－高=77

圆柱体的重量直径35MM，长度440MM，钢材的密度是7.85，单价20元/kg, 约66.42元. 计算:因为你所给的密度7.85,它的单位是克/立方厘米,所以可以先把各单位转换厘米,直径35mm=3.5cm,半径r=3.5/2=1.75cm,长度440mm=44cm计算 圆柱体的体积公式是:底面积*高=πr的平方*高 圆柱体的重量是:3.14*1.75*1.75*44*7.85≈3321克≈3.321千克 金额:20元/kg*3.321kg≈66.42元. 321圆管(实践中得出来的一种计算方法:已知板料的长，宽,高(厚)计算重量时,只须将长和宽的单位换算成m,而高度换算成mm,然后相乘,再乘以密度就可以了,或者三者的单位都化成mm,相乘后再除以1000000,再乘以密度就可以了．算圆料也同理.我每天都是这样计算材料重量的,相信我,这样计算错不了的.钢材的体积是3.14*17.5*17.5*440=423115立方毫米 重量是7.85*423.115=3321.5g 所以价格为20*3.3215=66.43元 进口一级正材SUS304、304L、316、316L 201、202 301 321 310S 1、圆管:4-406.4mm 厚度:0.3-12.0 mm 2、方管:10*10-150*150mm 厚度0.4-6.0mm 3、矩管:10*20-100*200mm 厚度:0.4-6.0mm 4、花管:15.9-76.2mm 厚度:1.0-1.5mm

镀镍圆铜线:又称镀银铜线或镀银圆铜线，是在无氧铜线，和低氧铜线上镀银后，经过拉丝机拉细。镀镍铜线分为镀镍软圆铜线（TRY）和镀镍硬圆铜线。镀银铜线:镀银铜线在某些场合称之为镀银铜丝或镀银丝，是在无氧铜线或低氧铜线上镀银后，经过拉丝机拉细而成的细线。镀银铜线分为镀银软圆铜线和镀银硬圆铜线。镀银软圆铜线是经过退火，改变其物理特性，以达到变软的目的。好的镀银铜线镀层连续牢固地附在导体表面，经试样后样品表面不变黑。镀银的镀层表面应该光滑连续、没有银粒、毛刺、机械损伤等有害缺陷。 　　镀银铜线是铜芯上同心地镀覆银层而制成的。它综合了两种 金属 的特点，具有很好的导电性能，以及明亮而光泽的表面，而且银层具有很高的耐腐蚀性。正因为这些优点，镀银铜线成为高频线和 有色 纺织线的首选产品。特点: 高电导率· 耐热性提高 · 表面明亮有光泽 · 高频特性 · 耐高温 · 耐腐蚀性 　　应用:有色 线材　· 纺织线 　· 高频应用　· 微型电缆　· 航空航天电缆　· 高温电缆    常温下，镍在潮湿空气中表面形成致密的氧化膜，不但能阻止继续被氧化，而且能耐碱、盐溶液的腐蚀。块状镍不会燃烧，细镍丝可燃，特制的细小多孔镍粒在空气中会自燃。加热时，镍与氧、硫、氯、溴发生剧烈反应。细粉末状的 金属 镍在加热时可吸收相当量的氢气。镍能缓慢地溶于稀盐酸、稀硫酸、稀硝酸，但在发烟硝酸中表面钝化。镍的氧化态为－1、＋1、＋2、＋3、＋4 ，简单化合物中以＋2价最稳定，＋3价镍盐为氧化剂。镍的氧化物有NiO和Ni2O3。氢氧化镍〔Ni(OH)2〕为强碱，微溶于水，易溶于酸。硫酸镍（NiSO4）能与碱 金属 硫酸盐形成矾 Ni(SO4)2o6H2O(MI为碱 金属 离子)。＋2价镍离子能形成配位化合物。在加压下，镍与一氧化碳能形成四羰基镍〔Ni（CO）4〕，加热后它又会分解成 金属 镍和一氧化碳。银白色 金属 ，密度8.9克/厘米3。熔点1455℃，沸点2730℃。化合价2和3。电离能为7.635电子伏特。质坚硬，具有磁性和良好的可塑性。有好的耐腐蚀性，在空气中不被氧化，又耐强碱。在稀酸中可缓慢溶解，释放出氢气而产生绿色的正二价镍离子Ni2+；对氧化剂溶液包括硝酸在内，均不发生反应。镍是一个中等强度的还原剂。      镀镍圆铜线在生产过程中具有广泛的应用，随着 市场 需求量的不断增加，其 产量 也将会出现增加趋势。

圆黄铜棒是指加工成园棒状的黄铜合金，其材质是黄铜。    黄铜棒除了圆黄铜棒之外，还有六角黄铜棒、方形黄铜棒、空心黄铜棒、异型黄铜棒等。    圆黄铜棒的各项性质与黄铜合金相同。黄铜是由铜和锌所组成的合金。如果只是由铜、锌组成的黄铜就叫作普通黄铜。圆黄铜棒常被用于制造阀门、水管、空调内外机连接管和散热器等。    黄铜以锌作主要添加元素的铜合金﹐具有美观的黄色﹐统称黄铜。铜锌二元合金称普通黄铜或称简单黄铜。三元以上的黄铜称特殊黄铜或称复杂黄铜。含锌低於36％的黄铜合金由固溶体组成﹐具有良好的冷加工性能﹐如含锌30％的黄铜常用来制作弹壳﹐俗称弹壳黄铜或七三黄铜。含锌在36～42％之间的黄铜合金由和固溶体组成﹐其中最常用的是含锌40％的六四黄铜。为了改善普通黄铜的性能﹐常添加其他元素﹐如铝﹑镍﹑锰﹑锡﹑硅﹑铅等。铝能提高黄铜的强度﹑硬度和耐蚀性﹐但使塑性降低﹐适合作海轮冷凝管及其他耐蚀零件。锡能提高黄铜的强度和对海水的耐腐性﹐故称海军黄铜﹐用作船舶热工设备和螺旋桨等。铅能改善黄铜的切削性能﹔这种易切削黄铜常用作钟表零件。圆黄铜棒铸件常用来制作阀门和管道配件等。    圆黄铜棒根据材质黄铜中通、锌的含量的不同，分为几个不同的牌号。普通黄铜的牌号有：H58、H59、H62、H63、H65、H68、H70、H90等。    更多关于圆黄铜棒的资讯，请登录上海有色网查询。

一种工艺用来生产有着高屈服强度和合适延展性的铝合金板材，特别是用于制造汽车的面板。这个工艺包括将没有经过热处理的铝合金铸造成一个铸坯，然后所述的铸坯经过一系列的轧制得到较终规格的板材，更好的选择是随后的热处理退后产生再结晶。轧制步骤包括热轧和中温轧制铸坯以得到中间厚度的中间制品，然后冷却中间制品，接着在室温到340摄氏度的范围内中温轧制以及冷轧中间制品得到较终的规格的板材。这一系列的轧制过程是连续进行的没有中间品的圈绕和对中间板材的完全退火。该发明还涉及合金制品的薄板。　　　　本发明涉及生产一种生产铝板材的工艺流程。特别是，本发明涉及通过轧制法从不经热处理合金中生产处适合成形的板材。例如，在制造汽车面板方面的5000系列铝合金。　　　　5000系列铝合金(即镁作为主要的合金元素)通常用于汽车的面板(护板、门板、罩等等)，对于这样的应用，为合金板片提供高屈服点和高延展性时所想要达到的。合适规格和屈服强度的铝合金片可由连续浇铸之后的轧制得到。在传统的连铸过程中，从铸造中得到的金属经过热轧和温制，然后盘绕(在温度大约300摄氏度)接着被送往另一轧机，在不超过160摄氏度的温度进行较后的冷轧。　　　　为了精炼，在这里所要提到的一点是通常所指的“热轧”是在温度高于合金的再结晶温度时实施的。以便合金在轧辊型缝之间或在滚动以后的线圈中自己退火再结晶。所述的“冷轧”通常意味着具有大量加工硬化率的工作轧辊以便在轧制期间或之后的合金既没有重结晶也不会发生回复。“中温轧制”在二者之间执行，以便没有重结晶作用但是屈服强度由于恢复过程而大幅度减少。对于铝合金，热轧温度超过350摄氏度，冷轧温度小于150摄氏度，中温轧制在150和350摄氏度之间实施。　　　　不幸地是，上述的常规方法的中间卷绕是笨重和昂贵的，储运需要获得一产品，其具有一个合适的微晶结构，以生产预期的屈服强度。　　　　在美国专利号5，514，228中，在1996年5月7日公开一个同轴的连铸过程，其中板片没有经过中间圈绕而轧成较后所需的规格。不过，在较终的轧制之前还需要进一步的固溶处理，以便在较后的卷绕之前板片进行连续地完全被退火。然而，5000系列合金经固溶处理后不会被强化。　　　　本发明的一个目的是以方便和经济的方式生产不经热处理的铝合金板片以便适用于汽车版面的制造。　　　　本发明的另一个目的是，提供一种工艺以连续的步骤而不经过中间的二级轧制生产5000系列的铝合金板片，以得到高屈服点的铝合金产品。　　　　本发明的一方面，提供生产铝合金板片的一种工艺，其中包括：铸造不经热处理的铝合金以形成一个扁钢锭，然后扁钢锭经过一系列的轧制步骤，以生产较后规格的产品。轧制步骤包括：热轧和中温轧制板坯，形成中级规格中间板片，冷却间板片；然后在室温到340摄氏度的温度范围内对中间板片进行中温轧制和冷轧；一系列连续的轧制步没有中间片的卷绕或完全退火。　　　　上述流程在所谓的H2回火中一种合金。进一步的退火再结晶生产处适合于汽车所用的板片。　　　　本发明的另一方面，提供一种铝合金板片由不经热处理的铝合金制成，这一个过程包括：铸造不经热处理的铝合金，以形成扁钢锭；所述扁钢锭经过一系列的轧制，以生产较后规格的制品；轧制步骤包括：热轧和中温轧制板坯，形成中级规格的中间片，冷却中间片，然后在室温到340摄氏度的温度范围内对中间板片进行中温轧制和冷轧；一系列连续的轧制步没有中间片的卷绕或完全退火。　　　　如上所述，本发明需要热轧和中温轧制然后不经中级圈绕或完全退后进行中温轧制和冷轧。当连续轧制扁钢锭的时候，热板坯向空气和轧辊失去热，以便热轧在中温轧制中结束（即在结晶温度以下)。　　　　这就是通过热轧和中温轧制的方法。在热轧期间，金属完全再结晶以释放在铸造期间产生的任何应变能。这期间的温度取决于同时发生的冷加工的发生量，以及合金的组成。在中温轧制期间，应变能量由于逐渐的轧制而建立，这就是金属所谓的“恢复”。如同重结晶作用一样，出去温度影响外恢复程度取决于冷加工的量和合金的组成。重结晶和恢复之间的重要的区别是，即重结晶作用导致内部张力迅速的减少并在热轧期间发生，然而恢复是中温轧制和冷轧的整个周期中发生，而且内部张力是平稳的减少的，但是大部分压力在“暖和的”轧制期间被释放。　　　　本发明的过程对任何不经热处理的铝合金有益，这些铝合金较终的处理方式是完全退火状态。不过，加强晶粒度在汽车应用方面的5000系列合金中是较重要的。过程可用于所有的5000系列合金在完全退火状态中被运送，但是对AA5754合金尤其有用，此合金含有有限量的Mg，为了避免应力腐蚀裂纹，对此合金来说，加强晶粒度是特别重要的。Mg含量更高的例如AA5182合金，对应力腐蚀裂纹敏感，但它们有更高的强度。对于这样的合金的当然是有益的，但是不那么明显。　　　　本发明的工艺，至少在它的优选的形式中，提供一种制作汽车车身结构的5000系列的铝片，其在一台连铸机上经过连续的轧制得到良好的机械性能。　　　　本发明的一个优点是，虽然自身退火不会生产优选的微观结构和性质，但是在较低温度的轧制以后的重结晶以及接着的退火，确实生产预期的细粒尺寸、高强度和有利的晶体织构。　　　　1.生产铝合金板片的一种工艺，包括：铸造不经热处理的铝合金以形成一个扁钢锭，然后扁钢锭经过一系列的轧制步骤，以生产较后规格的产品。轧制步骤包括：热轧和中温轧制板坯，形成中级规格中间板片，冷却间板片；然后在室温到340摄氏度的温度范围内对中间板片进行中温轧制和冷轧；一系列连续的轧制步没有中间片的卷绕或完全退火。

钨铜合金片是钨铜合金的一种材料类型，综合了 金属 钨和铜的优点，其中钨熔点高(钨熔点为3410℃，铁的熔点1534℃)，密度大(钨密度为19.34g/cm3，铁的密度为7.8 g/cm3) ；铜导电导热性能优越，其微观组织均匀、耐高温、强度高、耐电弧烧蚀、密度大；导电、导热性能适中。     常用合金的含铜量为10％～50％。合金用粉末冶金方法制取，具有很好的导电导热性，较好的高温强度和一定的塑性。在很高的温度下，如3000℃以上，合金中的铜被液化蒸发，大量吸收热量，降低材料表面温度。所以这类材料也称为金属发汗材料。钨铜合金有较广泛的用途，主要是用来制造抗电弧烧蚀的高压电器开关的触头和火箭喷管喉衬、尾舵等高温构件，也用作电加工的电极、高温模具以及其他要求导电导热性能和高温使用的场合。      钨铜合金片具有高强度/高比重/耐高温/耐电弧烧蚀/导电电热性能好/加工性能好,采用高品质钨粉及无氧铜粉,应用等静压成型(高温烧结-渗铜),保证产品纯度及准确配比,组织细密,性能优异. 断弧性能好，导电性好,导热性好,热膨胀小。广泛应用于军用耐高温材料、高压开关用电工合金、电加工电极、微电子材料，做为零部件和元器件广泛应用于航天、航空、电子、电力、冶金、机械、体育器材等行业。    本文为转载稿，仅代表作者本人的观点，与本网立场无关。上海有色网信息科技有限公司不对其中包含或引用的信息的准确性、可靠性或完整性提供任何明示或暗示的保证。对于任何因直接或间接采用、转载本文提供的信息造成的损失，上海有色网信息科技有限公司均不承担责任。媒体合作事宜， 敬请联系info@smm.cn 或 021-6183 1988 转 5009。

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冷 轧 产 品 品 名        材 质碳 结 板    SPCC、St12、DC01、Q235AB优结钢板   20-45#、08-15#优质碳素钢    08AL低碳深冲板    SC1、SPCE、ST14、DC04 超深冲板  SC2、St15、DC05、SC3、St16、DC06、St17耐腐蚀钢   05CuPCrNi、09CuPCrNi、Q345GNHL 低碳冲压钢   SPCD、ST13、DC03深 冲 板   SPCEN参照： （一）冲压用冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 1、一般冲压用钢：BLC B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；L——低碳（Low Carbon）；C——一般用（Commercial） 2、抗时效性低屈服钢：BLD B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；L——低碳（Low Carbon）；D——冲压用（Drawing） 3、非时效性极深冲用钢：BUFD（BUSD） B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；U——超级（Ultra）；F——成型（Formability）； D——冲压（Drawing） 4、非时效性超深冲用钢：BSUFD B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；SU——超高级（Ultra+Super）；F——成型（Formability）； D——冲压（Drawing） （二）冷成型用高强度冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 B ××× × × B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；×××——最小屈服点值； ×——一般用V、X、Y、Z表示 V：高强度低合金，屈服点与抗拉强度差值无规定 X：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别70MPa Y：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别100MPa Z：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别140MPa ×——氧化物/硫化物夹杂控制（K：镇静、细晶粒；F：K+硫化物控制；O：K、F外） 例：B240ZK、B340VK （三）抗凹陷性冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 B ××× × × B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写 ×××——最小屈服点值 ×——强化方式（P：强化；H：烘烤硬化） ×——由1或2表示（1：超低碳；2：低碳） 築210P1：深冲压用高强度钢；B250P2：一般加工用含磷高强度钢；B180H1：深冲用烘烤硬化钢