冷轧板卷是以热轧卷为原料，在室温下在再结晶温度以下进行轧制而成，包括板和卷，国内众多钢厂如宝钢、武钢、鞍钢等均可以生产。其中成张交货的称为钢板，也称盒板或平板；长度很长、成卷交货的称为钢带，也称卷板。 生产过程中由于不进行加热，所以不存在热轧常出现的麻点和氧化铁皮等缺陷，表面质量好、光洁度高。而且冷轧产品的尺寸精度高，产品的性能和组织能满足一些特殊的使用要求，如电磁性能、深冲性能等。  　　规格：厚度为0.2-4mm，宽度为600-2 000mm，钢板长度为1 200-6 000mm。  　　牌号：Q195A-Q235A、Q195AF-Q235AF、Q295A(B)-Q345 A(B)；SPCC、SPCD、SPCE、ST12-15;DC01-06  　　性能：主要采用低碳钢牌号，要求具有良好的冷弯和焊接性能，以及一定的冲压性能。 钢号规格（厚*宽*长）冷轧板规格板0.4*1000*C0.5*1250*C0.35*1000*C 1.0*1000*C0.7*1020*C0.3*1000*C 0.4*1000*C1.5*1000*C2.5*1000*C 2.5*1000*C2.0*1250*C1.5*1250*C 1.0*1250*C1.0*1000*C1.0*1000*2000 1.2*1000*20001.5*1000*20000.5*1000*C 2.0*1000*20003.0*1000*20001.0*1250*2000 1.0*1250*25001.2*1250*20001.2*1250*2500 1.5*1250*20001.5*1250*20002.0*1250*2000 2.0*1250*25002.5*1250*20002.5*1250*2500 3.0*1250*20003.0*1250*25001.0*1250*2500 0.35*1000*20000.4*1000*20000.45*1000*2000 0.5*1000*20000.6*1000*20000.7*1000*2000 0.8*1000*20002.0*1000*20001.2*1000*2000 1.5*1000*20001.0*1250*2000

冷轧板带用途很广，如汽车制造、电气产品、机车车辆、航空、精密仪表、食品罐头等。 　　冷轧薄钢板是普通碳素结构钢冷轧板的简称，也称冷轧板，俗称冷板，有时会被误写成冷扎板。冷板是由普通碳素结构钢热轧钢带，经过进一步冷轧制成厚度小于4mm的钢板。由于在常温下轧制，不产生氧化铁皮，因此，冷板表面质量好，尺寸精度高，再加之退火处理，其机械性能和工艺性能都优于热轧薄钢板，在许多领域里，特别是家电制造领域，已逐渐用它取代热轧薄钢板。 　　适用牌号：Q195、Q215、Q235、Q275；SPCC（日本牌号）；ST12（德国牌号） 　　符号：冷轧板的用途 　　1、Q—普通碳素结构钢屈服点（极限）的代号，它是“屈”的第一个汉语拼音字母的大小写；195、215、235、255、275—分别表示它们屈服点（极限）的数值，单位：兆帕MPa（N/mm2）；由于Q235钢的强度、塑性、韧性和焊接性等综合机械性能在普通碳素结构钢中属最了，能较好地满足一般的使用要求，所以应用范围十分广泛。 　　2、S-钢（Steel）、P-板（Plate）、C-冷轧（cold）、第四位C-普通级（common）。 　　3、ST-钢（Steel）、12-普通级冷轧薄钢板、　 　　标记：尺寸精度—尺寸—钢板品种标准 　　冷轧钢板：钢号—技术条件标准 　　标记示例：B-0.57501500-GB708-88；钢板、标准号Q/BQB402，牌号SPCC，热处理状态退火+平整（S），表央加工状态为麻面D，表面质量为FB级的切边（切边EC，不切边EM）钢板、厚度0.5mm，B级精度，宽度1000mm，A级精度，长度2000mm，A级精度，不平度精度为PF.A，则标记为：钢板ECQ/BQB 402-SPCC-SD-FB/（0.51000A2000A-PF.A）； 　　冷轧钢板：Q225-GB912-89 　　主要产地有：宝钢、鞍钢、本钢、武钢、邯钢、包钢、唐钢、涟钢、济钢等 　　冷轧普通薄钢板 ：由普通碳素结构钢或低合金结构钢冷轧制成。冷轧板表面质量较好。具有良好的冲压性能。对其要求要保证冷弯和杯试验合格，常用于汽车等行业和镀层板的原料。 　　冷轧优质薄钢板：主要包括各种优质钢冷轧薄板，最常用的是碳素结构钢板，尤其是深冲压用冷轧薄钢板，是由低碳优质钢08Al冷轧的薄板，钢板按表面质量分为三组；Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ，分别表示特别高级、高级、较高的精整表面,按拉延级别分为ZF、HF、F级（代表用于冲制拉延最复杂、很复杂、复杂的零件）,根据钢板厚度允许偏差，又分为A、B两级精度、广泛用于汽车拖拉机工业。 　　冷轧钢板，表面光洁，加工优良，用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及产业设备、各种建筑材料。随着经济发展，冷轧钢板已被称为现代社会的必须材料。 冷轧产品的分类： 热轧酸洗、轧硬卷、普通冷轧、镀锌（电镀锌、耐指纹、热镀锌）、镀铝锌、电镀锡、彩涂、电工钢（矽钢片）等。 　　1、热轧酸洗：　　2、轧 硬 卷：在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。

冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。镀锌是在装有镀件、玻璃球、锌粉、水和促进剂的旋转滚桶内，作为冲击介质的玻璃球随着滚桶转动，与镀件表面发生摩擦和锤击产生机械物理能量，在化学促进剂的作用下，将镀涂的锌粉“冷焊”到镀件表面上，形成光滑、均匀和细致的具有一定厚度的镀层。镀锌分为热镀锌和电镀锌两种。热镀锌也叫热浸镀锌和热浸锌，是一种有效的 金属 防腐方式，主要用于各 行业 的 金属 结构设施上。是将除锈后的钢件浸入500℃左右融化的锌液中，使钢构件表面附着锌层，从而起到防腐的目的。电镀锌，是利用电解设备将管件经过除油、酸洗、后放入成分为锌盐的溶液中，并连接电解设备的负极，在管件的对面放置锌版，连接在电解设备的正极接通电源，利用电流从正极向负极的定向移动就会在管件上沉积一层锌，冷镀管件是先加工后镀锌。

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在6~13.5吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。产品特点因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。简单来说，冷轧，是在热软板扎的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧→酸洗→冷轧这样的加工过程。冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由热轧经过连续冷变形而成的冷轧，机械性能比较差，硬度太高，必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。化学成分（Wt%）牌号CSiMnPSCuSPCC0.02～0.08≤0.100.15～0.30≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q1950.06～0.12≤0.300.25～0.50≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q235-B0.12～0.20≤0.300.30～0.70≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050制作工序冷轧通常采用众轧的方式。冷轧生产的工序一般包括原料准备、酸洗、轧制、脱脂、退火(热处理)、精整等。冷轧以热轧产品为原料，冷轧前原料要先除磷，以保证冷轧产品的表面洁净。轧制是使材料变形的主要工序。脱脂的目的在于去除轧制时附在轧材上的润滑油脂，以免退火时污染钢材表面，对不锈钢也为防止增碳。退火包括中间退火和成品热处理，中间退火是通过再结晶消除冷变形时产生的加工硬化，以恢复材料的塑性及降低金属的变形抗力。成品热处理的目的除了通过再结晶消除硬化外。还在于根据产品的技术要求以获得所需要的组织(如各种织构等)和产品性能(如深冲、电磁性能等)。精整包括检查、剪切、矫直(平整)、打印、分类包装等内容。冷轧产品有很高的包装要求，以防止产品在运输过程中表面被刮伤。除上述工序外在生产一些特殊产品时还有各自的特殊工序。如轧制硅钢板时，在冷轧前要进行脱碳退火，轧后要进行涂膜、高温退火、拉伸矫直(见张力矫直)与回火等。用于冷轧带刚的轧机有二辊轧机、四辊轧机和多辊轧机。应用最多的是四辊轧机。轧制更薄的产品则要采用多辊轧机。多辊轧机的种类很多，如六辊轧机、偏八辊轧机，十二辊轧机，二十辊轧机等(见轧机)。随着对板形要求的提高，发展了许多改进板形的技术，如弯辊技术、窜辊技术和交叉轧辊技术等。冷轧带钢轧机按机架排列可分为单机可逆或不可逆式与多机连续式两类。前者适用于多品种、少批量或合金钢产品比例大的情况。它投资低、建厂快，但产量低，金属消耗较大。多机架连续轧制适合于产品品种较单一或者变动不大的情况，它有生产效率高、产量大的优点，但投资较大。与热轧带钢(见热连轧宽带钢生产工艺、热轧窄带钢生产)相比，冷轧带钢(见冷板扎带生产)的轧制工艺有以下特点：(1)采用工艺润滑和冷却，以降低轧制时的变形抗力和冷却轧辊；(2)采用大张力轧制，以降低变形抗力和保持轧制过程的稳定。采用的平均单位张力值为材料屈服强度的10%～60%，一般不超过50%；(3)采用多轧程轧制。由于冷轧使材料产生加工硬化，当总变形量达到60%～80%时，继续变形就变得很困难。为此要进行中间退火，使材料软化后轧制得以继续进行。为了得到要求的薄带钢，这样的中间退火可能要进行多次。两次中间退火之间的轧制称为一个轧程。冷轧带钢的退火在有保护气体的连续式退火炉或罩式退火炉中进行(见冷轧板带退火)。冷轧带钢的最小厚度目前可达到0.05mm，冷轧箔材可达到0.001mm。

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板，俗称冷板。　　冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。 　　一般来说，冷轧钢板分为三代产品：沸腾钢为第一代，铝镇静钢为第二代，无间隙原子刚（IF钢）为第三代。   您查询的关键词是：冷轧钢板  。如果打开速度慢，可以尝试快速版；如果想保存快照，可以添加到搜藏。 "冷轧钢板""2,冷轧钢板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.56",,"2.5","6000x1200 7000x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","22.25""0.45",,"4.01",,"2.75",,"24.48""0.5",,"4.45",,"3.0",,"26.70""0.6",,"5.34",,"3.5",,"31.50""0.7",,"6.23",,"4.0",,"35.60""0.8",,"7.12",,"4.5",,"40.05""0.9",,"8.01",,"5.0",,"44.50""1.0",,"8.90",,"5.5",,"48.95""1.1",,"9.79",,"6.0",,"53.40""1.2",,"10.68",,"6.5",,"57.85""1.35",,"12.02",,"7.0",,"62.30""1.5",,"13.35",,"7.5",,"66.75""1.65",,"14.60",,"8.0",,"71.20""1.8",,"16.02",,"9.0",,"80.10""2.0",,"17.80",,"10.0",,"89.00""2.25",,"20.03""冷轧铜条""2,冷轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.20","200~400","500~800","1.78",,"2.50","200~500","500~2000","22.25""0.25",,,"2.23",,"2.75",,,"24.48""0.30",,,"2.67",,"3.00",,"1000~2000","26.70""0.35",,,"3.12",,"3.50",,,"31.15""0.40","200~500","500~2000","3.56",,"4.00",,,"35.60""0.45",,,"4.01",,"4.50",,,"40.05""0.50",,,"4.45",,"5.00",,,"44.50""0.60",,,"5.34",,"5.50",,,"48.95""0.70",,,"6.23",,"6.00",,,"53.40""0.80",,,"7.12",,"6.50",,,"57.85""0.90",,,"8.01",,"7.00",,,"62.30""1.00",,,"8.90",,"8.00",,,"71.20""1.20",,,"10.68",,"9.00",,,"80.10""1.30",,,"11.57",,"10.00",,,"89.00""1.40",,,"12.46",,"11.00",,,"97.90""1.50",,,"13.35",,"12.00",,,"106.8""1.60",,,"14.69",,"13.00",,,"115.7""1.80",,,"16.02",,"14.00",,,"124.6""2.00",,,"17.80",,"15.00",,,"133.5""注 铜板和条(热轧,冷轧)的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4和TU和TUP,其化学成分应符合YB145-71规定""特殊用冷轧黄铜条""3,特殊用冷轧黄铜条(YB555-65)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)""0.20","200~300","500~1000","1.76",,"1.6","200~500","500~2000","14.08""0.25",,,"2.20",,"1.8",,,"15.84""0.30","200~400",,"2.64",,"2.0",,,"17.60""0.35",,,"3.08",,"2.5",,,"22.00""0.40","200~500",,"3.52",,"2.75",,,"24.20""0.45",,,"3.96",,"3.0",,,"26.40""0.50",,"500~2000","4.40",,"3.5",,,"30.80""0.55",,,"4.84",,"4.0",,,"35.20""0.60",,,"5.28",,"4.5",,,"39.60""0.70",,,"6.16",,"5.0",,,"44.00""0.80",,,"7.04",,"5.5",,,"48.40""0.90",,,"7.92",,"6.0",,,"52.80""1.0",,,"8.8",,"6.5",,,"57.20""1.2",,,"10.56",,"7.0",,,"61.60""1.3",,,"11.44",,"8.0",,,"70.40""1.4",,,"12.32",,"9.0",,,"79.20""1.5",,,"13.20",,"10.0",,,"88.00""注 (1)标记举例:用H80制成的,厚度为0.8mm,宽度为300mm,长度为1000mm的1/2硬条标记为:"" 条H80-Y20.8x300x1000YB555-65."" (2)冷轧条分为定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.""多面体的体积和表面积""多面体的体积和表面积""图形",,"尺寸符号",,"重心(G)""立方体",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方体∧棱柱∨",,,,"G0=h/2""三棱柱",,,,"Go=h/2""棱锥",,,,"Go=h/4""棱台""圆柱和空心圆柱∧管∨",,,,"Go=h/2""斜线直圆柱""直圆锥",,,,"Go=h/4""圆台""球",,,,"在球心上""球扇形∧球楔∨",,,,"Go=3/4(r-h/2)""球缺",,,,"Go=3(2r-h)2/4(3r-h)""圆环体∧胎∨",,,,"在环中心上""球带体",,,,"Go=h1+h/2""桶形",,,,"在轴交点上""椭球体",," a,b,c-半轴",,"在轴交点上""交叉圆柱体",,,,"在二轴交点上""梯形体""常用图形求面积,体积公式""常用图形求面积,体积公式""图形",,"尺寸符号","面积(F) 表面积(S)","重心(G)""正方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""三角形",,,,"GB=1/3BD CD=DA""平行四边形",,,,"对角线交点上""任意四边形""正多边形",,,,"在o点上""菱形",,,,"在对角线交点上""梯形""圆形",,,,"在圆心上""椭圆形",,"a·b-主轴","F= (π/4) a·b","在主轴交点G上""扇形""弓形""圆环",,,,"在圆心O""部分圆环""新月形",,,,"O1G=(π-P)L/2P","L d/10","2d/10 3d/10 4d/10","5d/10 6d/10 7d/10 ","8d/10 9d/10","P 0.40","0.79 1.18 1.56","1.91 2.25 2.55","2.81 3.02""抛物线形""等多边形",,," "," 在内,外接圆心处""冷轧黄钢板""4,冷轧黄钢板(YB460-71)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)""0.20","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","1.70",,"2.00","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","17.00""0.25",,"2.13",,"2.25",,"19.13""0.30",,"2.55",,"2.50",,"21.25""0.35",,"2.98",,"2.75",,"23.38""0.40",,"3.40",,"3.00",,"25.50""0.45",,"3.82",,"3.50",,"29.75""0.50",,"4.25",,"4.00",,"34.00""0.60",,"5.10",,"4.50",,"38.20""0.70",,"5.95",,"5.00",,"42.50""0.80",,"6.80",,"5.50",,"46.75""0.90",,"7.65",,"6.00",,"51.00""1.00",,"8.50",,"6.50",,"55.25""1.10",,"9.35",,"7.00",,"59.50""1.20",,"10.20",,"7.50",,"63.75""1.35",,"11.48",,"8.00",,"68.00""1.50",,"12.75",,"9.00",,"76.50""1.65",,"14.03",,"10.00",,"85.00""1.80",,"15.30""注 (1)冷轧软板仅供应H59,H62,H68,H80,H90,H96,HMn58-2,HPb59-1牌号.""(2)冷轧1/2硬板仅供应H62,H65,H68,H90,HMn58-2牌号.""(3)冷轧特硬板仅供应H62牌号.""(4)冷轧板材长度分为:定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.其通常长度为500~2000mm,但长度不得小于宽度.""特殊用冷轧黄钢板""5,特殊用冷轧黄钢板(YB555-65)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.52",,"2.25","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","19.60""0.45",,"3.96",,"2.50",,"22.00""0.50",,"4.40",,"2.75",,"24.20""0.55",,"4.84",,"3.0",,"26.40""0.60",,"5.28",,"3.5",,"30.80""0.70",,"6.16",,"4.0",,"35.20""0.80",,"7.04",,"4.5",,"39.60""0.90",,"7.92",,"5.0",,"44.00""1.0",,"8.80",,"5.5",,"48.40""1.1",,"9.68",,"6.0",,"52.80""1.2",,"10.56",,"6.5",,"57.20""1.35",,"11.88",,"7.0",,"61.60""1.5",,"13.20",,"7.5",,"66.60""1.65",,"14.52",,"8.0",,"70.40""1.8",,"15.84",,"9.0",,"79.20""2.0",,"17.60",,"10.0",,"88.00""注 标记举例:用H90制成的,厚度为2.5mm,宽度为600mm,长度为1200mm的软板标记为:"" 板H90M2.5x600x1200xYB555-65.""铝及铝合金板""6,铝及铝合金板""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)"0.5,"1.40",,"2.5","7.00",,"9.0","25.2",,"25","70.0"0.6,"1.68",,"3.0","8.40",,"10.0","28.0",,"30","84.0"0.8,"2.24",,"3.5","9.80",,"12.0","33.6",,"35","98.0""1.0","2.80",,"4.0","11.20",,"14.0","39.2",,"40","112.0""1.2","3.36",,"5.0","14.00",,"16.0","44.8",,"50","140.0""1.5","4.20",,"6.0","16.80",,"18.0","50.4",,"60","168.0""1.8","5.04",,"7.0","19.60",,"20.0","56.0",,"70","196.0""2.0","5.60",,"8.0","22.40",,"22.0","61.6",,"80","224.0""注 (1)板的宽度有1000,1200和500mm;板的长度有2000,3000和4000mm."" (2)理论重量按LY11,LY12和LD10等牌号铝合金的比重2.8计算,对于其他牌号的铝合金和工业纯铝,应乘以"" 下列换算系数:LD2-0.961;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975;LC4-1.018;工业纯铝-0.967.""铅板""7,铅板(GB1470-79)""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)""1.0","11.37",,"3.0","34.11",,"5.0","56.85",,"9.0","102.33""1.5","17.06",,"3.5","39.80",,"6.0","68.22",,"10.0","113.70""2.0","22.74",,"4.0","45.48",,"7.0","79.59",,"12.0","136.44""2.5","28.43",,"4.5","51.17",,"8.0","90.96",,"16.0","170.55""注 (1)铅的化学成分按GB469-64标准."" (2)板材理论重量按比重为11.34计算,宽度按500mm进张."" (3)板材成卷供应,厚度大于15mm的板材,以片状供应,厚度不大于1.5mm的板材,应用木箱包装.""纯铜带"",纯铜带(YB464-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.05","18~150","≥20","0.44",,"0.50","18~300","≥10","4.45""0.06",,,"0.53",,"0.55",,,"4.90""0.07",,,"0.62",,"0.60",,,"5.34""0.08",,,"0.71",,"0.65",,,"5.79""0.09",,,"0.80",,"0.70",,,"6.23""0.10","18~300",,"0.89",,"0.75",,,"6.68""0.12",,,"1.07",,"0.80",,,"7.12""0.15",,,"1.34",,"0.85",,,"7.57""0.18",,,"1.60",,"0.90",,,"8.01""0.20",,,"1.78",,"1.00",,,"8.90""0.22",,,"1.96",,"1.10",,,"9.79""0.25",,,"2.23",,"1.20",,"≥7","10.68""0.30",,,"2.67",,"1.30",,,"11.57""0.35",,,"3.12",,"14.40",,,"12.46""0.40",,,"3.56",,"1.50",,,"13.35""0.45",,,"4.01""注 纯铜带的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4,TUP,其化学成分符合YB145-71的规定.""铝带""9,铝带""宽 度 (mm)","厚 度 (mm)","3","4","5","6","8","10","12","重 量 (kg/m)""10","0.080","0.107","0.134 0.161 0.268 0.335 0.402 0.536 0.670 0.804 1.072 1.340 1.608","0.161","0.214","0.268","0.322""12","0.096","0.129",,"0.193","0.257","0.322","0.386""15","0.121","0.161",,"0.241","0.322","0.402","0.482""20","0.161","0.214",,"0.322","0.429","0.568","0.643""25","0.201","0.268",,"0.402","0.568","0.670","0.804""30","0.241","0.332",,"0.482","0.643","0.804","0.965""40","0.322","0.429",,"0.643","0.858","1.072","1.286""50","0.402","0.536",,"0.804","1.072","1.340","1.608""60","0.482","0.643",,"0.965","1.286","1.608","1.930""80","0.643","0.858",,"1.286","1.715","2.144","2.573""100","0.804","1.072",,"1.608","2.144","2.680","3.216""120","0.965","1.286",,"1.930","2.573","3.216","3.859""注 表中重量系以LY11,LY12,(比重2.8)为准,其他合金应乘以下列系数:"" L1~L6-0.967;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975.""热轧铜条""1,热轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""4.0","200~500","≥1000","35.60",,"8.0","200~500","≥1000","71.20""4.5",,,"40.05",,"9.0",,,"80.10""5.0",,,"44.05",,"10.0",,,"89.0""5.5",,,"48.95",,"11.0",,,"97.9""6.0",,,"53.40",,"12.0",,,"106.8""6.5",,,"57.85",,"13.0",,,"115.7""7.0",,,"62.30",,"14.0",,,"124.6""7.5",,,"66.75",,"15.0",,,"133.5""英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""(二)英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm""0","0.324","8.230",,"14","0.080","2.032",,"28","0.0148","0.376""1","0.300","7.020",,"15","0.072","1.829",,"29","0.0136","0.345""2","0.276","7.010",,"16","0.064","1.626",,"30","0.0124","0.315""3","0.252","6.401",,"17","0.056","1.422",,"31","0.0116","0.295""4","0.232","5.893",,"18","0.048","1.219",,"32","0.0108","0.274""5","0.212","5.385",,"19","0.040","1.016",,"33","0.0100","0.254""6","0.192","4.877",,"20","0.036","0.914",,"34","0.0092","0.234""7","0.176","4.470",,"21","0.032","0.813",,"35","0.0084","0.213""8","0.160","4.064",,"22","0.028","0.711",,"36","0.0076","0.193""9","0.144","3.658",,"23","0.024","0.610",,"37","0.0068","0.173""10","0.128","3.251",,"24","0.022","0.559",,"38","0.0060","0.152""11","0.116","2.946",,"25","0.020","0.508",,"39","0.0052","0.132"12,"0.104","2.642",,"26","0.018","0.457",,"40","0.0048","0.122"13,"0.092","2.337",,"27","0.0164","0.417",,"41","0.0044","0.112""刺钢丝""三)刺钢丝规格和重量""说 明 和 用 途",,"钢丝划号 (号)","刺间距离 (mm)","每kg长度 (m)","重量 (kg/km)""刺钢丝又名刺铁丝,俗称"花园铅丝"(因常作花园围墙篱笆之用,故名),系以镀锌钢丝经机器铰缠而成(一般用#12或#14钢丝制作).适于作各种围墙(尤其是公园围墙和临时建筑场地 的围墙)篱笆或障碍物用.",,"12","65","6.4","156",,,"75","7.2","139",,,"100","7.9","127",,,"125","8.6","116",,"14","65","10.9","91.8",,,"75","11.5","86.9",,,"100","13.0","76.9",,,"125","14.0","71.4""注 (1)刺钢丝规格的注写方法为"钢丝直径(号数)x尖数x刺间距离",或"钢丝直径(号数)x刺间距离"."" (2)表列刺钢丝的"每kg长度"和"重量",仅供参考.""刻痕钢丝""四)刻痕钢丝规格和重量""直径 (mm)","断面积 (mm2)","重量 (kg/m)"," 抗 拉 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,"屈 服 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,,"I组","II组","I组","II组""2.5","4.90","0.034","190","160","152","128""3","7.06","0.056","180","150","144","120""4","12.56","0.094","170","140","136","112""5","19.63","0.150","160","130","126","104""注 刻痕钢丝是由预应力混凝土结构用碳素钢丝(冷拔高强度钢丝)在经特制的"刻痕机"进行刻痕而制成的"" 预应力钢筋混凝土结构用的钢丝.""钢丝网""五)钢丝网规格和重量""号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)"20,"1.6","1.5",,"6","2.0","6.7",,"2.5","0.7","2.0",,"1","0.3","0.9","3.0","5.1",,"5.5","0.5","0.6",,"2.2","0.45","1.0",,,"0.35","1.2""18","1.6","1.7",,,"1.6","4.7",,,"0.6","1.6",,"0.9","0.25","0.7","3.0","5.7",,,"2.0","7.2",,,"0.8","2.9",,,"0.3","1.0""16","1.6","1.9",,"5","0.7","1.1",,"2","0.4","0.9",,,"0.4","1.6","3.0","6.3",,,"1.4","4.1",,,"0.5","1.3",,"0.8","0.22","0.6""14","1.4","1.7",,,"2.2","8.9",,,"0.6","1.9",,,"0.28","0.9","2.5","4.9",,"4.5","0.5","0.7",,,"1.2","6.0",,,"0.3","1.0""12","1.2","1.4",,,"1.0","2.3",,"1.8","0.4","0.9",,"0.7","0.2","0.6","2.5","5.7",,,"1.8","6.8",,,"0.5","1.4",,,"0.25","0.9""11","1.2","1.5",,"4","0.6","1.0",,,"0.7","2.6",,,"0.30","1.2","2.5","6.1",,,"1.0","2.6",,"1.6","0.3","0.6",,"0.63","0.22","0.7""10","1.0","1.2",,,"1.4","4.8",,,"0.4","1.0",,,"0.25","0.9","2.5","6.6",,"3.5","0.7","1.5",,,"0.45","1.3",,,"0.28","1.2""9","1.0","1.3",,,"1.0","2.9",,"1.4","0.30","0.7",,"0.56","0.22","0.8","2.2","5.7",,,"1.2","4.0",,,"0.35","0.9",,,"0.25","1.0""8","0.7","0.7",,"3.2","0.45","0.7",,,"0.65","2.7",,,"0.28","1.2","1.2","2.1",,,"0.9","2.7",,"1.2","0.28","0.7",,"0.5","0.22","0.9","1.8","4.5",,,"1.2","4.3",,,"0.35","1.0",,,"0.25","1.1""7","0.7","0.8",,"2.8","0.4","0.7",,,"0.4","1.3",,,"0.3","1.5","1.2","2.3",,,"0.7","1.8",,"1.1","0.28","0.7",,"0.45","0.2","0.8","1.8","5.0",,,"1.0","3.6",,,"0.35","1.1",,,"0.25","1.2""6","0.7","0.9",,"2.5","0.4","0.7",,,"0.40","1.4",,,"0.2","0.9","1.2","2.7",,,"0.5","1.1",,"1","0.25","0.7",,"0.4","0.25","1.3""钢板网""六)钢板网规格和重量""品 种","规 格 (mm)",,,,,,"每张大约重量(kg)","生产单位","丝梗厚度 h","孔眼宽度 T","丝梗宽度 b","节 距 t","网面宽度 B","网面长度 L""小","0.5","9","1","25","1800","600","0.875","上海中国钢板网厂",,,,,"2000",,"0.875","0.6","9","1","25","1800","600","1.000",,,,,"2000",,"1.125","0.7","9","1","25","1800","600","1.125",,,,,"2000",,"1.250""网","0.75","9","1","25","1800","600","1.250",,,,,"2000",,"1.375","0.8","9","1","25","1800","600","1.375",,,,,"2000",,"1.500","1","9","1","25","1500","600","1.625",,,,,"1800",,"1.875",,,,,"2000",,"2.125""大","0.5","7","1.2","2.5","1800","2800","5.85","上海中国钢板网厂","1","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","11.70",,"9","1.2","25","1500","3000","7.95",,,,,"1800","3600","11.70",,"9","1.1","25","2000","4000","14.76",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","11.70",,,,,"2000","4000","14.60","1.2","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","14.04",,"9","1.2","25","1800","3600","14.04",,,"1.1","25","2000","4000","17.71",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","14.04""网",,,,,"2000","4000","17.71","1.5","11","1.6","40","1800","3600","17.55",,"17","2.3","65","2000","4000","22.14","2","17","2.3","65","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"22","3.0","75","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"27","3.8","100","2000","4000","29.52","3","36","4.6","115","2000","4000","44.28",,"45","6.1","150""钢丝纱""七)钢丝纱(窗纱)规格和重量""规 格","面 积(m2/卷)","重 量",,"(kg/卷)","(kg/m2)""14目3x100","27.87","12.5","0.448""14目4x100","37.16","16.6","0.448""16目3x100",27.87,13.5,"0.484""16目4x100",37.16,"18.0","0.484""紫铜丝布""(八)紫铜丝布(紫铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","22","2.691",,"30","30","2.5116",,"65","36","1.9734""10","24","2.691",,"35","31","1.9734",,"70","36","1.9734""12","24","3.0498",,"40","32","1.9734",,"75","37","1.9734""16","26","2.1528",,"45","33","1.9734",,"80","37","1.9734""20","27","2.1528",,"50","34","1.9734",,"100","39","1.7940""24","30","2.1528",,"55","35","1.9734""28","30","2.3322",,"60","35","1.7940""黄铜丝布""(九)黄铜丝布(黄铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","24","1.5787",,"24","34","0.8611",,"50","38","0.6458""10","26","1.2375",,"26","34","0.8252",,"60","41","0.3947""12","27","1.2558",,"28","36","0.5386",,"70","42","0.3347""14","27","1.3276",,"30","36","0.5741",,"80","43","0.3767""16","32","0.6100",,"32","36","0.6100",,"90","43","0.4306""18","33","0.6100",,"34","36","0.6279",,"100","43","0.5023""20","33","0.7176",,"36","36","0.7176",,"110","44","0.3347""22","33","0.8611",,"40","36","0.4844",,"120","44","0.4485""铝及铝合金直角角型材""1,铝及铝合金直角角型材(XC111)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b"1,"12","1","0.234","0.065",,"25","25","1.3","0.734","0.204",,"49","38.3","5","3.590","0.998"2,"12","2","0.440","0.122",,"26","25","1.6","0.777","0.216",,"50","38.3","6.3","4.444","1.235"3,"12.5","1.6","0.377","0.105",,"27","25","2","0.964","0.268",,"51","40","2","1.564","0.435"4,"15","1","0.294","0.082",,"28","25","2.5","1.189","0.331",,"52","40","2.5","1.944","0.540"5,"15","1.2","0.353","0.098",,"29","25","3","1.410","0.392",,"53","40","3","2.320","0.645"6,"15","1.5","0.434","0.121",,"30","25","3.2","1.509","0.429",,"54","40","3.5","2.671","0.743"7,"15","2","0.564","0.157",,"31","25","3.5","1.641","0.456",,"55","40","3.5","2.694","0.749"8,"15","3","0.820","0.223",,"32","25","4","1.857","0.516",,"56","40","4","3.057","0.850"9,"16","1.6","0.429","0.119",,"33","25","5","2.242","0.623",,"57","40","5","3.750","1.043"10,"16","2.4","0.726","0.202",,"34","27","2","1.041","0.289",,"58","45","4","3.475","0.961"11,"18","1.5","0.524","0.146",,"35","27","2","1.090","0.303",,"59","45","5","4.277","1.189"12,"18","2","0.684","0.190",,"36","30","1.5","0.884","0.246",,"60","50","3","2.920","0.812"13,"19","1.6","0.585","0.163",,"37","30","2","1.164","0.324",,"61","50","4","3.857","1.072"14,"19","2.4","0.861","0.239",,"38","30","2.5","1.438","0.400",,"62","50","5","4.777","1.328"15,"19","3.2","1.125","0.313",,"39","30","3","1.720","0.478",,"63","50","6","5.655","1.572"16,"20","1","0.397","0.110",,"40","30","4","2.240","0.623",,"64","50","6.5","6.110","1.699"17,"20","1.2","0.473","0.131",,"41","32","2.4","1.491","0.415",,"65","50","12","10.600","2.947"18,"20","1.5","0.584","0.162",,"42","32","3.2","1.957","0.554",,"66","60","5","5.777","1.606"19,"20","2","0.764","0.212",,"43","32","3.5","2.131","0.592",,"67","60","6","6.855","1.906"20,"20","3","1.140","0.137",,"44","32","6.5","3.723","1.036",,"68","75","7","10.010","2.783"21,"20","4","1.475","0.410",,"45","35","3","2.005","0.557",,"69","75","8","11.360","3.158"22,"20.5","1.6","0.633","0.176",,"46","35","4","2.657","0.739",,"70","75","10","14.000","3.892"23,"23","2","0.680","0.245",,"47","38","2.4","1.773","0.498",,"71","90","5","8.750","2.433"24,"25","1.2","0.597","0.166",,"48","38.3","3.5","2.562","0.712",,"72","90","8","13.760","3.825""注 (1)铝及铝合金型材的尺寸,规格等摘自冶金工业部1970年颁发的《铝及铝镁合金挤压型材》."" (2)表内理论重量均按LY12合金比重(2.78)进行计算,其他材料的比重及换算系数如下:L1~L7(2.71)-0.975;"" LF2(2.68)-0.964;LF11(2.65)-0.953;LF21(2.73)-0.982;LD2(2.70)-0.971;"" LY11(2.80)-1.007;LY12(2.78)-1.000."" (3)铝型材主要生产单位有哈尔滨和西北铝加工厂等.西北铝加工厂的产品断面为100~400cm2,宽度小于530mm."" (4)铝及铝合金型材规格的表示方法是型材类别组号加序号,如XC111-4,其中,XC表示型材,后面的数字依次为"" 类别,组号,连字符后的数字为顺序号.""铝及铝合金直丁字型材""2,铝及铝合金直丁字型材(XC211)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"15","25","1","0.405","0.113",,"34","32","45","3","2.259","0.628"2,"19","50","2","1.378","0.383",,"35","32","48","2.4","1.874","0.521"3,"20","20","2","0.760","0.211",,"36","32","50","3","2.423","0.674"4,"20","30","1.5","0.740","0.206",,"37","35","32","1.5","1.000","0.278"5,"20","35","2","1.060","0.295",,"38","35","35","4","2.713","0.754"6,"20","37","2","1.117","0.311",,"39","35","40","2","1.468","0.408"7,"20","42","2","1.200","0.334",,"40","37","42","2","1.500","0.417"8,"20","42","2","1.240","0.345",,"41","38","44","5","3.910","1.087"9,"20","45","2","1.860","0.517",,"42","38","50","3.5","3.026","0.841"10,"20","90","2","2.160","0.600",,"43","38","50","4.8","3.990","1.109"11,"21","53","1.8","1.300","0.361",,"44","39","75","5","5.510","1.532"12,"22","48","1.4","1.960","0.267",,"45","40","36","5","3.350","0.933"13,"25","29","1.6","0.847","0.25",,"46","40","45","3","2.479","0.689"14,"25","35","1.5","0.890","0.247",,"47","40","45","4","3.274","0.910"15,"25","38","2.5","1.510","0.420",,"48","40","68","3","3.300","0.917"16,"25","40","2","1.280","0.356",,"49","40","130","6","9.840","2.736"17,"25","45","2.5","1.726","0.480",,"50","42","64","4","4.100","1.140"18,"25","45","3","2.019","0.561",,"51","45","40","2.2","1.860","0.517"19,"25","45","4","2.708","0.753",,"52","50","70","4","4.640","1.300"20,"25","48","1.4","1.012","0.288",,"53","51","51","2.4","2.443","0.679"21,"25","48","1.5","1.082","0.301",,"54","54","50","3","3.040","0.845"22,"25","50","2","1.499","0.417",,"55","54","68","3","3.608","1.003"23,"25","50","2.5","1.851","0.515",,"56","64","50","5","5.781","1.607"24,"26","38","2.5","1.554","0.432",,"57","63","50","2","2.320","0.645"25,"27","70","2","1.920","0.534",,"58","70","37","2","2.100","0.584"26,"29","38","1.6","1.055","0.293",,"59","70","55","2","2.460","0.684"27,"29","58","2.5","2.180","0.606",,"60","74","66","6","8.080","2.246"28,"29","58","3.5","2.991","0.831",,"61","75","40","3","3.400","0.945"29,"30","40","1.5","1.040","0.289",,"62","80","50","2","2.560","0.712"30,"30","40","2","1.370","0.381",,"63","80","60","3","4.110","1.143"31,"30","45","3","2.150","0.597",,"64","83","50","3","3.953","1.099"32,"30","56","4","3.280","0.912",,"65","90","77","10","15.700","4.365"33,"30","68","6.5","6.100","1.696""热轧铜板""1,热轧铜板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽 度 (mm)",,,,,,,,"理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)","600~900","1000~1200","1300~1500","1600~1800","1900~2200","2300~2500","2600~2800","2900~3000","最 大 长 度 (mm)""5.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"44.50""5.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"48.95""6.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"53.40""6.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"57.85""7.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"62.30""7.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"66.75""8.0","4000","5000","6000","5500","4800","4200","3700","3500","71.20""9.0","4000","5000","6000","5000","4200","3700","3300","3100","80.10""10.0","4000","5000","5500","4500","3800","3300","3000","3000","89.0""11.0","4000","5000","5000","4000","3400","3300","2800",,"97.9""12.0","4000","5000","4500","3800","3100","2800",,,"106.8""13.0","4000","5000","4000","3600","2900",,,,"115.7""14.0","4000","4500","3800","3300","2700",,,,"124.6""15.0","4500","4300","3600","3100","2500",,,,"133.5""16.0","4500","4300","3400","2000","2400",,,,"142.4""17.0","4500","4000","3200","2700","2200",,,,"151.3""18.0","4500","3900","3000","2600",,,,,"160.2""19.0","4500","3700","2800","2400",,,,,"169.1""20.0","4500","3500","2600","2300",,,,,"178.0""21.0","4000","3300","2500","2200",,,,,"186.9""22.0","4000","3000","2400","2100",,,,,"195.8""23.0","4000","3000","2400","2000",,,,,"204.7""24.0","3500","2800","2200","1900",,,,,"213.6""25.0","3500","2800","2000","1800",,,,,"222.5""注 热轧板的宽度按100mm进级.""铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材(XC511)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积 (mm2)","理论重量 (kg/m)","H","B","b"1,"23","38","1.2","1.178","0.327"2,"26","34.5","3.5","3.157","0.875"3,"57","48","8","11.000","3.058"4,"68","38","2.5","3.509","0.976"5,"86","60","6","11.600","3.225""铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材(XC411)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"12.7","15.9","1.6","0.688","0.191",,11,"38","25","3","2.613","0.726"2,"20","15","1.2","0.578","0.163",,12,"44","25","4","3.690","1.001"3,"20","15","1.5","0.721","0.200",,13,"50","19","2.5","2.102","0.584"4,"25","18","1.5","0.885","0.246",,14,"80","30","3","4.020","1.118"5,"25","23","3.5","2.267","0.630",,15,"80","35","4","5.680","1.579"6,"31","25","2.5","1.900","0.528",,16,"80","40","4","6.080","1.690"7,"32","14","1.9","1.000","0.303",,17,"100","30","3","4.620","1.284"8,"34","25","3.5","2.764","0.768",,18,"100","35","4","6.480","1.801"9,"36","26","2.5","2.075","0.577",,19,"100","40","4","6.880","1.913"10,"36","31.5","3.2","2.960","0.823""铝及铝合金槽形型材""3,铝及铝合金槽形型材(XC311)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"13","13","1.6","0.561","0.156",,"31","45","40","3","3.638","1.011"2,"13","34","3.5","2.579","0.717",,"32","46","25","5","4.300","1.195"3,"20","15","1.3","0.620","0.172",,"33","50","20","4","5.331","0.926"4,"21","28","4","2.868","0.797",,"34","50","30","2","2.120","0.589"5,"25","13","2.4","1.134","0.315",,"35","50","30","4","4.131","1.148"6,"25","15","1.5","0.795","0.221",,"36","55","25","5","4.819","1.340"7,"25","18","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"37","55","30","3","3.299","0.917"8,"25","18","2","1.140","0.317",,"38","60","25","4","4.131","1.148"9,"25","20","2.5","1.520","0.423",,"39","60","35","5","6.000","1.668"10,"25","20","4","2.280","0.634",,"40","60","40","4","4.480","1.245"11,"25","25","5","3.250","0.904",,"41","63","38.3","4.8","6.275","1.744"12,"30","15","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"42","64","38","4","5.300","1.473"13,"30","18","1.5","0.960","0.267",,"43","70","25","3","3.449","0.959"14,"30","20","2","1.335","0.371",,"44","70","25","5","5.500","1.529"15,"30","22","6","3.870","1.076",,"45","70","26","3.2","3.700","1.028"16,"32","25","1.8","1.437","0.399",,"46","70","30","4","4.931","1.371"17,"32","25","2.5","1.925","0.535",,"47","70","40","5","7.080","1.968"18,"35","20","2.5","1.770","0.492",,"48","75","45","5","7.831","2.177"19,"35","30","2","1.833","0.510",,"49","80","30","4.5","6.010","1.671"20,"38","50","5","6.560","1.824",,"50","80","35","4.5","6.414","1.783"21,"40","18","2","1.453","0.404",,"51","80","35","6","8.280","2.302"22,"40","18","2.5","1.795","0.499",,"52","80","40","4","6.131","1.704"23,"40","18","3","2.129","0.592",,"53","80","40","6","8.900","2.474"24,"40","21","4","2.960","0.823",,"54","80","60","4","7.480","2.079"25,"40","25","2","1.730","0.481",,"55","90","50","6","10.680","2.969"26,"40","25","3","2.549","0.709",,"56","100","40","6","10.080","2.802"27,"40","30","3.5","3.250","0.904",,"57","100","48","6.3","11.550","3.211"28,"40","32","3","2.978","0.828",,"58","100","50","5","9.580","2.663"29,"40","50","4","5.280","1.468",,"59","128","40","9","17.100","4.754"30,"45","20","3","2.370","0.659""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管1""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","0.25","0.30","0.40","0.50","0.60","0.80","1.0","1.2",1.4,"1.5",1.6,1.8,"2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""50",,,,,,,"1.21","1.44","1.68","1.79","1.91","2.14","2.37","2.59","2.93","3.25","3.48","3.70","4.01","4.54","5.05","5.55""(51)",,,,,,,"1.23","1.47","1.71","1.83","1.96","2.18","2.42","2.64","2.99","3.32","3.55","3.79","4.10","4.64","5.16","5.67""53",,,,,,,"1.28","1.53","1.78","1.91","2.03","2.27","2.52","2.76","3.11","3.46","3.70","3.94","4.27","4.83","5.38","5.92""(54)",,,,,,,"1.31","1.59","1.82","1.94","2.07","2.31","2.56","2.81","3.18","3.53","3.77","4.02","4.36","4.93","5.49","6.04""56",,,,,,,"1.36","1.62","1.89","2.02","2.15","2.40","2.66","2.92","3.30","3.66","3.92","4.17","4.53","5.13","5.71","6.29""(57)",,,,,,,"1.38","1.65","1.92","2.05","2.18","2.45","2.71","2.97","3.36","3.74","4.00","4.25","4.62","5.23","5.83","6.41""60",,,,,,,"1.46","1.74","2.02","2.16","2.31","2.58","2.86","3.13","3.55","3.94","4.22","4.49","4.88","5.52","6.16","6.78""63",,,,,,,"1.53","1.83","2.13","2.27","2.42","2.71","3.01","3.30","3.72","4.15","4.44","4.73","5.13","5.81","6.49","7.14""65",,,,,,,"1.58","1.89","2.20","2.35","2.50","2.80","3.11","3.40","3.85","4.29","4.59","4.89","5.31","6.02","6.71","7.40""(68)",,,,,,,"1.65","1.98","2.36","2.46","2.62","2.93","3.26","3.57","4.04","4.49","4.81","5.12","5.57","6.31","7.05","7.77""70",,,,,,,"1.70","2.03","2.37","2.53","2.70","3.02","3.35","3.68","4.16","4.36","4.96","5.23","5.74","6.51","7.27","8.01""(73)",,,,,,,"1.78","2.12","2.47","2.64","2.82","3.16","3.50","3.84","4.35","4.84","5.18","5.52","6.00","6.81","7.60","8.38""75",,,,,,,"1.82","2.18","2.54","2.71","2.90","3.24","3.60","3.95","4.46","4.97","5.32","5.68","6.17","7.00","7.82","8.62""(76)",,,,,,,"1.85","2.21","2.57","2.76","2.94","3.29","3.65","4.00","4.53","5.05","5.40","5.75","6.26","7.10","7.93","8.75""80",,,,,,,,,"2.71","2.90","3.09","3.47","3.84","4.22","4.77","5.32","5.69","6.07","6.60","7.49","8.37","9.24""(83)",,,,,,,,,"2.82","3.02","3.21","3.60","4.00","4.37","4.96","5.52","5.92","6.31","6.86","7.79","8.71","9.62""85",,,,,,,,,"2.88","3.08","3.29","3.69","4.09","4.48","5.08","5.66","6.06","6.46","7.04","7.98","8.93","9.83""(89)",,,,,,,,,"3.02","3.24","3.45","3.86","4.29","4.70","5.33","5.94","6.36","6.77","7.38","8.38","9.38","10.33""90",,,,,,,,,"3.05","3.27","3.49","3.91","4.34","4.76","5.39","6.01","6.43","6.86","7.47","8.47","9.49","10.47""95",,,,,,,,,"3.21","3.46","3.68","4.13","4.59","5.02","5.70","6.36","6.81","7.26","7.90","8.98","10.04","11.10"100,,,,,,,,,"3.40","3.64","3.88","4.35","4.83","5.30","6.00","6.70","7.17","7.65","8.32","9.46","10.59","11.70""(102)",,,,,,,,,"3.46","3.73","3.97","4.45","4.93","5.40","6.13","6.84","7.32","7.81","8.50","9.67","10.82","11.96""(108)",,,,,,,,,"3.67","3.95","4.21","4.72","5.23","5.74","6.50","7.25","7.77","8.29","9.02","10.26","11.49","12.70"110,,,,,,,,,"3.74","4.03","4.28","4.81","5.32","5.84","6.62","7.39","7.92","8.43","9.19","10.46","11.70","12.93"120,,,,,,,,,,"4.36","4.66","5.25","5.83","6.38","7.24","8.07","8.66","9.22","10.06","11.44","12.93","14.30"125,,,,,,,,,,,,"5.46","6.06","6.64","7.54","8.42","9.02","9.61","10.50","11.91","13.37","14.80"130,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"7.86","8.78","9.40","10.00","10.92","12.43","13.92","15.48""(133)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"8.05","8.98","9.59","10.25","11.18","12.75","14.26","15.75"140,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.11","10.79","11.80","13.42","15.05","16.65"150,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.85","11.52","12.65","14.39","16.11","17.85"160,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"13.53","15.38","17.25","19.09"170,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"14.31","16.31","18.35","20.30"180,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"15.20","17.30","19.50","21.59"190,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"18.29","20.60","22.80"200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"19.67","21.65","24.00""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管2""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","5.5","6.0","6.5","7.0","7.5","8.0","8.5","9","9.5","10",11,12,"钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""5""6""7""8""9""10","0.518","0.536","0.561""11","0.592","0.615","0.647""12","0.666","0.694","0.734","0.789""(13)","0.740","0.774","0.820","0.888""14","0.814","0.852","0.906","0.986""(15)","0.888","0.932","0.993","1.09","1.17","1.23""16","0.962","1.10","1.08","1.18","1.28","1.35""(17)","1.04","1.09","1.17","1.28","1.39","1.48""18","1.11","1.17","1.25","1.38","1.50","1.60""(19)","1.18","1.25","1.34","1.48","1.61","1.73","1.54","1.92""20","1.26","1.33","1.42","1.58","1.72","1.85","1.97","2.07""(21)","1.33","1.41","1.51","1.68","1.83","1.97","2.10","2.22""22","1.41","1.49","1.60","1.77","1.94","2.10","2.24","2.37""(23)","1.48","1.57","1.68","1.87","2.05","2.22","2.37","2.52""(24)","1.55","1.64","1.77","1.97","2.16","2.34","2.51","2.66","2.81","2.93""25","1.63","1.72","1.86","2.07","2.28","2.47","2.64","2.81","2.97","3.11""(27)","1.78","1.88","2.03","2.27","2.50","2.71","2.92","3.11","3.29","3.45""28","1.85","1.96","2.11","2.37","2.61","2.84","3.05","3.26","3.45","3.68""29","1.92","2.02","2.20","2.47","2.72","2.96","3.19","3.40","3.60","3.80","3.98""30","2.00","2.12","2.29","2.56","2.83","3.08","3.32","3.55","3.77","3.97","4.16","4.34""32","2.15","1.28","2.46","2.76","3.05","3.33","3.59","3.85","4.09","4.32","4.53","4.74""34","2.29","2.43","2.63","2.96","3.27","3.58","3.87","4.14","4.41","4.66","4.90","5.13""(35)","2.37","2.51","2.72","3.06","3.38","3.70","4.00","4.29","4.57","4.83","5.09","5.33""36","2.44","2.59","2.81","3.16","3.50","3.82","4.14","4.44","4.73","5.01","5.27","5.52""38","2.59","2.75","2.98","3.35","3.72","4.07","4.41","4.74","5.05","5.35","5.64","5.92","6.18","6.44""40","2.74","2.91","3.15","3.55","3.94","4.32","4.68","5.03","5.37","5.70","6.01","6.31","6.60","6.88""42","2.89","3.07","3.32","3.75","4.16","4.56","4.95","5.33","5.69","6.04","6.38","6.71","7.02","7.32""44.5","3.07","3.25","3.54","4.00","4.44","4.87","5.29","5.70","6.09","6.47","6.84","7.20","7.55","7.88""45","3.11","3.31","3.58","4.04","4.49","4.93","5.36","5.77","6.17","6.56","6.94","7.30","7.65","7.99","8.32","8.63""48","3.33","3.54","3.84","4.34","4.83","5.30","5.76","6.21","6.65","7.08","7.49","7.89","8.28","8.66","9.03","9.57""水,煤气输送钢管""1,水,煤气输送钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)234-63]""公称内径",,"钢 管 螺 纹",,"外径 (mm)","普通管",,"加厚管""mm","(in.)",,"壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)","壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)""6","1/8''","10","2","0.89","2.50","0.46""8","1/4''","13.5","2.25","0.62","2.75","0.73""10","3/8''","17","2.25","0.82","2.75","0.97""15","1/2''","21.25","2.75","1.25","3.25","1.44""20","3/4''","26.75","2.75","1.63","3.5","2.01""25","1''","33.5","3.25","2.42","4","2.91""32","1 1''/4","42.25","3.25","3.13","4","3.77""40","1 1''/2","48","3.5","3.84","4.25","4.58""50","2''","60","3.5","4.88","4.5","6.16""70","2 1''/2","75.5","3.75","6.64","4.5","7.88""80","3''","88.5","4","8.34","4.75","9.81""100","4''","114","4","10.85","5","13.44""125","5''","140","4.5","15.04","5.5","18.24""150","6''","165","4.5","17.81","5.5","21.63""注(1)表列钢管是适用于输送水,煤气及采暖系统等用的钢管.分镀锌和不镀锌(黑管)两种;又分带螺纹和"" 不带螺纹两种;按壁厚可分为普通钢管,加厚钢管和薄壁钢管."" (2)钢管的长度规定为:无螺纹的黑管4~12m;带螺纹的黑管和镀锌管4~9m.每批允许有10%的(按根数计算)"" 2~4m长的短尺钢管或4~9m米长的接管(即用一个管接头将两根钢管连接而成)."" (3)经供需双方协议,可供应定尺长度或倍尺长度的钢管.其最大长度可到8m.按倍尺交货的钢管,每个单"" 倍尺应留切口5~10mm."" (4)钢管用易焊接的软钢制造,钢号和制造方法(炉焊或电焊)均由制造厂选择."" (5)钢管应能承受下列规定压力的水压试验:普通钢管和薄壁钢管:20kg/cm2;加厚钢管30kg/cm2.""电丝套管""2,电丝套管规格,重量表""名称","外径 (mm)","近似内径 (mm)","管壁厚度 (mm)","重量 (kg/m)","每吨长度 (m/t)""5/8''","15.9","12.3","1.8","0.626","1597.44""3/4''","19.1","15.5","1.8","0.627","1302.08""1''","25.4","21.8","1.8","0.628","954.20""1 1''/4","31.8","28.2","1.8","0.629","750.75""1 1''/2","38.1","34.5","1.8","0.630","620.73""电焊钢管""电焊钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)242-68]""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)",0.5,0.6,0.8,"1.0","1.2","1.4","1.5","1.6","1.8","2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","3.8","4.0",4.2,4.5,4.8,"5.0",5.5,"钢 管 的 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""(5)","0.055","0.065","0.083","0.099""(6)","0.068","0.080","0.108","0.123""(7)","0.080","0.095","0.122","0.148""(8)","0.092","0.110","0.142","0.173","(0.202)""(9)","0.105","0.125","0.162","0.197","0.231""10","0.117","0.139","0.182","0.222","(0.261)""(11)","0.129","0.154","0.201","0.247","0.290""12","0.142","0.169","0.221","0.271","0.320","0.365","(0.388)","0.411""(13)",,"0.184","0.241","0.296","0.349","0.400","0.425","0.451""(14)",,"0.199","0.260","0.321","0.379","0.434","0.462","0.490""15",,"0.214","0.280","0.345","0.409","0.468","(0.499)","0.529""16",,"0.228","0.300","0.370","0.438","0.503","(0.536)","0.568""(17)",,"0.244","0.320","0.395","0.468","0.537","0.573","0.608""18",,"0.258","0.340","0.419","0.497","0..572","(0.610)","0.647","(0.717)","(0.789)""(19)",,"0.274","0.359","0.444","0.527","0

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在20-40吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。　　　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。　　　　简单来说，冷轧，是在热轧板卷的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧---酸洗---冷轧这样的加工过程。　　　　冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由于热轧经过连续冷变型而成的冷轧，在机械性能比较差，硬度太高。必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。　　　　冷轧一般都会经过退火处理。

1．贯穿气孔 熔铸品质不好。 2．表面气泡 铸锭含氢量高组织疏松；铸锭表面凸凹不平的地方有脏东面，装炉前没有擦净；蚀洗后，铸块与包铝板表面有蚀洗残留痕迹；加热时间过长或温度过高，铸块表面氧化；靠前道焊合轧制时，乳液咀没有闭严，乳液流到包铝板下面。 3．铸块开裂 热轧时压下量过大，从铸锭端头开裂；铸块加热温度过高或过低。 4．力学性能不合格 没有正确执行热处理制度或热处理设备不正常，空气循环不好；淬火时装料量大，盐浴槽温度不够时装炉，保温时间不足，没有达到规定温度即出炉；试验室采用的热处理制度或试验方法不正确；试样规格形状不正确，试样表面被破坏。 5．铸锭夹渣 熔铸品质不好，板片内夹有金属或非金属残渣。 6．撕裂 润滑油成分不合格或乳液太浓，板片与轧辊间产生滑动，金属变形不均匀；没有控制好轧制率，压下量过大；轧制速度过大；卷筒张力调整得不正确，张力不稳定；退火品质不好；金属塑性不够；辊型控制不正确，使金属内应力过大；热轧卷筒裂边；轧制时润滑不好，板带与轧辊摩擦过大；送卷不正，带板一边产生拉应力，一边产生压应力，使边沿产生小裂口，经多次轧制后，从裂口处继续扩大，以至撕裂；精整时拉伸机钳口夹持不正或不均，或板片有裂边，拉伸时就会造成撕裂；淬火时，兜链兜得不好或过紧，使板片压裂，拉伸矫直时造成撕裂。 7．过薄 压下量调整不正确；测厚仪出现故障或使用不当；辊型控制不正确。 8．压折（折叠） 辊型不正确，如压光机轴承发热，使轧辊两端胀大，结果压出的板片中间厚两边薄；压光前板片波浪太大，使压光量过大，从而产生压折；薄板压光时送入不正容易产生压折；板片两边厚差大，易产生压折。 9．非金属压入 热轧机的轧辊、辊道、剪刀机等不清洁，加工过程中脏物掉在板车带上，经轧制而形成；冷轧机的轧辊、导辊、三辊矫直机、卷取机等接触带板的部分不清洁，将脏物压入；轧制油喷咀堵塞或压力低，带板表面上粘附的非金属脏物冲洗不掉；乳液更换不及时，铝粉冲洗不净及乳液槽未洗刷干净。 10．过烧 热处理设备的高温仪表不准确；电炉各区温度不均；没有正确执行热处理制度，金属加热温度达到或超过金属过烧温度；装料时放得不正，靠近加热器的地方可能产生局部过烧。 11．金属压入 加热过程中金属屑落到板带上经轧制后形成；热轧时辊边道次少，裂边的金属掉在带板上；圆盘剪切边品质不好，带板边缘有毛刺，压缩空气没有吹净带板表面的金属屑；轧辊粘铝后，将粘铝块压在带板上；导尺夹得过紧，刮下来的碎屑掉在板上。 12．波浪 辊型调整得不正确，原始辊型不适合；板形控制系统出现故障或使用不当；冷轧毛料原始板形差或断面中凸度过大；压下率、张力、速度等工艺参数选择不当；各种类型的矫直机调整得不好，矫直辊辊缝间隙不一致，使板片薄的一边产生波浪；对拉伸矫直和拉弯矫直机，伸长率选择不当。 13．腐蚀 板片经淬火、洗涤、干燥后，表面残留有酸、碱或硝盐痕迹时，经过一段时间后板片就会受到腐蚀；板带保管不当，有水滴掉在板面上；加工过程中，接触产品的辅助材料，如火油、轧制油、乳液、包装油等含有水分或呈碱性，都可能引起腐蚀；包装时卷材温度过高，或包装不好，运输过程中受损坏。 14．划伤 热轧机辊道，导板粘铝，使热压板带划伤；冷轧机导板、夹送辊等有突出尖角或粘铝；精整机列加工中被导路划伤；成品包装时，抬片抬放不当。 15．元素扩散 退火及淬火时，没有正确执行热处理制度，不合理地延长加热时间或提高保温温度；退火、淬火次数过多；热轧尾部或预先剪切机列没有按工艺规程要求切头切尾，使板片包铝层不合格而造成；错用了包铝板，使用铝板太薄。 16．过厚 原因同7“过薄”。 17．擦伤 吊运卷筒时不小心，易造成卷筒擦伤；送板带不正，轧制时将送歪的带板拉正，使带板与轧辊间产生相对磨擦；卷卷时张力采用不正确，卷取时张力小，开卷时张力大，轧辊把卷筒拉紧使板间产生错动；润滑油含沙锭油太多，轧制后卷筒上残留油不一样，开卷时圈与圈之间产生很微小的滑动造成擦伤。 18．过窄 剪切时圆盘剪间距调整过窄；热粗轧宽展余量不足；热精轧圆盘剪调节时，没有很好地考虑冷收缩量与剪切时的剪切余量。 19．过短 剪切时定尺不当或设备出现故障。 20．镰刀形 热轧机轧辊两端辊缝值不同；导尺送带板不正，带板两边延伸不同；热轧机轧辊预热不好，辊形不正确；乳液喷射不均或喷咀有堵塞；压光机轧制时板片未对中。 21．裂边 铸锭加热温度过低，热压时产生的裂边没有全部切掉，冷轧后裂边扩大；热轧辊边量过小，可能产生裂边；压下率过大或过小；铸锭浇口部分未切掉，热轧时就会裂边；切边时两边切得不均，一边切得太少，可能产生裂边；退火品质不好，金属塑性不够；包铝板放得不正，使一面侧边包铝不完全。 22．裂纹 铸锭本身裂纹或加热温度过高或过低；轧制率不适当引起压缩。 23．收缩孔 铸块品质不好。 24．白斑点 冷轧用的乳液不清洁，或新换乳液搅拌不均。 25．乳液痕 轧制时乳液没有吹净，使乳液卷入筒里；热精轧温度太低，乳液浓度太高；风管里有水，随空气吹到带板上。 26．包铝层错动 包铝板放得不正，热粗轧时金属包铝板和铸锭间发生错动；热粗轧轧制时铸块送得不正；焊合轧制时压下量太小，没有焊合上；对侧面包铝铸块辊边量太大；精整剪切及热精轧切边量不均，一边切得太少。 27．凹陷（碰伤） 板片或卷筒在搬运或停放进程中被碰撞；冷轧或退火时卡子打得不好，以及退火料不干净，有金属物或突出物；冷轧时卷入硬的金属渣或其它硬东西。 28．松树枝状 冷轧时压下量太大，金属在轧辊间由于摩擦力大，来不及流动而产生滑动；轧制液浓度太大，流动性不好，不能均匀分布在板带面上，轧制后就会产生松树状；厚度显示仪器出现故障；冷轧张力太小。 29．压过划痕 热轧产生波浪或镰刀形，当其通过尾部给料辊、剪刀、三辊等时被划伤，及轧热机导板之划伤，并被压过；退火装料或搬运次数多，使卷筒松层；热轧道路粘铝划伤带板，经冷轧后产生；冷轧机的道路，三辊、五辊出现粘伤或转动不灵，划伤、擦伤铝板，经轧制而产生；冷轧及热轧张力不稳定，张力大小不匹配，或装卸卷时不小心，使层间错动擦伤板面。 30．硝石痕 淬火后洗涤不净，板片表面留有硝石痕压光前擦得不干净。 31．印痕 冷轧机轧辊粘有金属残渣，或轧辊上带有印痕印在板面上；矫直和辊子上粘有金属残屑，未清辊或清辊不彻底。矫直前金属残渣掉在板片上，经矫直而造成。 32．粘铝 在剪切机列上因矫直机辊子不干净造成粘铝；精整时的所有多辊矫直机易粘伤片板面；热轧或冷轧时轧辊粘铝造成板带粘伤。 33．折伤 薄板搬运不小心。 34．揉擦伤 淬火后板片弯曲度太大，互相擦伤；装卸料时不小心，或装料量太多，使板片互相错动。 35．横波 冷轧薄板时张力控制不当，使卷筒内匝在卸卷时造成雀窝；轧制过程中中间停车。 36．包铝层厚度不合格 热轧焊合压下量过大；热轧尾部或预剪切头切尾量太少；包铝板用错了；碱洗时间过长。 37．油痕 冷轧以后板上残留轧制油。 38．滑移线 板片在拉伸时因拉伸量太大出现的滑移线（沿途45°）方向。 39．水痕 淬火后未擦干净，压光时压在板片上。 40．表面不亮 轧辊、压光辊、矫直辊光洁度不够，润滑性能不好，太脏。 41．小黑点 在热轧板材过程中，由于高温乳液分解，分解产物与在轧制过程中因润滑不好使轧辊与铝板摩擦而产生的铝粉在高温下相互作用，产生“小黑点”混合于乳液中，经过轧制又压到铝板表面上，形成小黑点；乳液稳定性不好，不清洁，润滑性不好，用硬水配制，乳液喷射到轧辊上不均匀，及辊道不清洁，辊道、地沟、油管、油箱不清洁也易产生“小黑点”。 42．起皮 由于铣面品质不好，加热铸块表面氧化，铸块本身品质不好形成条状或块状起皮。 43．分层 在轧制过程中，带板端头或边部产生不均匀变形，继续轧制时扩散而成。

冷轧薄钢板，简称冷轧钢板、冷轧薄板、冷轧板、冷板等。它还包括不锈钢板、弹簧钢板、硬钢片、镀锌板、镀锡板、镀铝板等。冷轧薄钢带，简称冷轧钢带、冷轧带钢、钢带、带钢、薄钢带、冷轧卷等。还包括不锈钢带、镀锌钢带、镀锡钢带等。 冷轧钢板标准 冷轧薄钢板、钢带（以下简称冷轧薄板）主要用于零件的冲压加工，而冷轧薄板的力学性能十分重要，它直接关系到板材的冲压性能。冷轧薄板是以不同的热处理状态分级的，不同硬度的材料，用于不同的加工方法，国家标准GB/T 13237-1991《优质碳素结构钢冷轧薄钢板和钢带》将冷轧薄板大致分为三级，P级用于普通冲压，S级用于深度冲压，Z级用于最深度冲压。中国冶金标准YB/T 5059-1993《低碳钢冷轧钢带》将薄钢板按硬度分为五级，即：TR（特级）、R（软）、BR（半软）、DY（低硬）和Y（冷硬）。其实通过一定的冷轧变形程度和冷轧后热处理的恰当配合，可以在广泛的范围内满足用户关于材料力学性能方面的要求。冷轧薄板根据用户加工上的要求可以分成更多的级别。例如：日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》的分类除分为一般用（spcc）、冲压用(spcd)和深冲压用（spce）三类外，还细分为退火、标准调质、1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬、全硬等级别。 在冷轧薄板力学性能的检测方面，一些标准只规定了拉伸试验，另一些标准除拉伸试验外还规定了硬度试验。 中国标准GB/T 13237-1991就只规定了拉伸试验，技术要求冷轧钢板标准如表一所示：牌号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率不小于拉延级别Z－S和PZSP08F275～365275～38034323008,08Al,10F275～390275～41032302810295～410295～43030392815F315～430315～45029282715335～450335～47027262520355～490335～50026252425——390～540——242330——440～590——222135——490～635——201940——510～650————1845——530～680————1650——540～715————14 日本标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》（该标准中包含了冷轧薄钢板和钢带）规定了拉伸试验，也规定了硬度试验，该标准的力学性能要求如下：表二：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的拉伸试验质牌号抗拉强度/MPa 不小于 伸长率/%不小于试样按以下公称厚度/mm>=0.250.250.400.601.01.6>=2.5SPCC SPCD SPCE(270) 270 270(32) 34 36(34) 36 3836 38 40　 37 39 41 　　 (38) 40 42 　39 41 435号试样轧制方向 表三：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的硬度值。调质区分符号 硬度最大HRBHV退火A57105标准调质S65115 注：厚度小于0.6mm的钢板和钢带，原则上不进行拉伸试验。 表四：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬材料的拉伸试验值。调质区分 符号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率/%最小试样1/8硬8294～410255号试样轧制方向1/4硬4370～490101/2硬2440～590——硬1>=550——     表五：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬状态的硬度值。调质区分符号HRBHV1/8硬 1/4硬8450～7165～8095～130 115～1501/2硬 硬2174～89 ≥85135～185 ≥170注：HRB和HV，仅选用其中之一。英国标准BS 1449/1.9-1991《厚板、薄板和钢带第一部分：碳素钢和碳锰钢厚板、薄板和钢带具有成形性能的冷轧窄钢带技术条件》对冷轧板分级为CS1（铝镇静稳定化超深冲）、CS2（超深冲）、CS3（深冲）、CS4（折边）、CS15（商品级）。这项标准的力学性能要求如表六所示： 表六：钢材交货时的力学性能轧制状态和级别退火（A）或平整冷轧（SP）状态硬度HV1)2)最大屈服强度Re1)/MPa最小抗拉强度Rm1)/MPa最小伸长率A1)/%最小弯心直径1)（180°弯曲）原始标距LO50mm80mmCS1A9514027038（36）0aSP10514027036（34）0aCS2A9514027036（34）0a SP10014027036（34）0aCS3A100（140）（280）（34）（32）0aSP110（140）（280）（34）（32）0aCS4A105（140）（280）——0aSP115（140）（280）——0a 注：1）窄钢带交货应符合，或者硬度和弯曲试验，或者拉伸和弯曲试验，但硬度和拉伸试验不应同时进行。     2）对于SP（平整冷轧）状态，与镀层精整（PL）或镜面光洁度（MF），或以“无拉伸痕”交货的钢材组合，最大硬度可以提高5个HV或抗拉强度可以提高20MPa。     3）牌号CS2、CS3和CS4的硬度值仅适用于沸腾钢。 如上所述冷轧薄板的力学性能可以通过拉伸试验来检测，也可以通过硬度试验来检测。由于硬度试验设备简单、易于掌握，试验效率高，并且金属硬度与强度之间有一定的对应关系，所以硬度检测是确定材料力学性能的更方便的方法。冷轧薄板的硬度检测可以用于冷轧板生产过程的质量控制，更适于生产冲压产品的厂家对原材料进行力学性能的复检。 日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996规定的硬度试验是洛氏硬度HRB和维氏硬度HV。维氏硬度试验可用于冷轧薄板，但洛氏硬度HRB却不适用于测试薄板材料。因为当板材厚度小于2mm时，测试HRB硬度可能会因为发生“测砧效应”而使测量的硬度值失准。对于薄板材料，可以测试表面洛氏硬度HRN或HRT，然后换算成HRB或HV硬度。冷轧钢板标准生产了一种便携式表面洛氏硬度计，它非常适合测试薄板和钢带材料，它可以在生产现场、销售现场或材料仓库快速进行冷轧薄板材料的洛氏硬度检测，完成一次测量仅需要10秒钟时间，检测的板材厚度范围为0.05-50mm。这种仪器可以用在冷轧薄板带的生产线上，对产品的热处理效果进行在线的质量控制。这种仪器更适用于冲压产品的生产厂家。可以用它对购入的板材硬度进行复检，可以携带它去钢材市场选购材料，也可以利用它对自己厂生产的冲压产品进行硬度检测。 这种仪器如果配上一个支承座，还可以放到办公桌上使用。可以对成批的成品或半成品工件做逐件检测。它的测试精度与台式洛氏硬度计相同。 目前冷轧薄带材料正在向超薄方向发展，据报道，上海宝钢已扎制出厚度为0.08mm的冷轧薄板带材。采用本所生产的PHR-1S型表面洛氏硬度计，配一个金刚点砧座，就可测试薄至0.05mm冷轧薄板带材料的硬度。 这种应用完全可以取代维氏硬度计，使冷轧薄板材料的力学性能检测实现快速、简便、经济。

冷轧镀锌板，是一种镀锌钢板。钢板按轧制分为热轧和冷轧两种。冷轧板是平板状的，矩形的，可直接轧制而成的。冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧和热轧的区别： 1、冷轧成型钢允许截面出现局部屈曲，从而可以充分利用杆件屈曲后的承载力；而热轧型钢不允许截面发生局部屈曲。2、热轧型钢和冷轧型钢残余应力产生的原因不同，所以截面上的分布也有很大差异。冷弯薄壁型钢截面上的残余应力分布是弯曲型的，而热扎型钢或焊接型钢截面上残余应力分布是薄膜型。3、热轧型钢的自由扭转刚度比冷轧型钢高，所以热轧型钢的抗扭性能要优于冷轧型钢。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。冷轧镀锌板用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及 产业 设备、各种建筑材料。

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板。冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，冷轧钢板的密度不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。冷轧钢板的密度：热轧钢板含碳量可比冷轧钢板略高些。在成份相持不大的情况下密度是一样的。但如果成份相差悬殊，如不锈钢不论冷轧、热轧密度都在7.9g/cm3左右。具体还要看成份，热轧只是延展性更好，钢材同样受到压力作用

（二）电工用冷轧硅钢薄板（GB2521-88）  　　用含硅0.8％-4.8％的电工硅钢为材质，经冷轧而成。  　　冷轧硅钢片分晶粒无取向和晶粒取向两种钢带。冷轧电工钢带具有表面平整、厚度均匀、叠装系数高、冲片性好等特点，且比热轧电工钢带磁感高、铁损低。用冷带代替热轧带制造电机或变压器，其重量和体积可减少0％-25％。若用冷轧取向带，性能更佳，用它代替热轧带或低档次冷轧带，可减少变压器电能消耗量45％-50％，且变压器工作性能更可靠。  　　用于制造电机和变压器。通常，晶粒无取向冷轧带用作电机或焊接变压器等的状态；晶粒取向冷轧带用作电源变压器、脉冲变压器和磁放大器等的铁芯。  　　钢板规格尺寸：厚度为0.35、0.50、0.65mm，宽度为800-1000mm，长度为≤2.0m。

按管材的壁厚可分为薄壁管和厚壁管。按规格可分为大径后壁管，大径薄壁管和小径薄壁管。按面积形状可分为圆形管、椭圆形管、滴形管、扁圆管、方形管，矩形管、六角形管、八角形管、五角形管、梯形管、带筋管及其他异形管。沿长度方向上断面变化情况可分为恒断面管和变断面管材。按生产方法可分为热挤压管、冷挤压管、康福姆挤压管、热轧管、冷轧管、冷拉管、旋压管、冷弯管、焊接管、螺旋管、盘管拉伸管、双金属管、粘接管等。按用途可分为军用和民用导管、壳体管、容器管、钻探管、套管、波导管、散热管、汽车岐管、冷凝管、蒸发器管、喷嘴管、农业灌溉管、旗杆、电线杆、集电弓杆以及其他各种结构件管和装饰管、生活用品管等。

黄铜种类的划分对于黄铜的用途具有重要的意义。随着黄铜越来越多的应用在人们的日常生活中和工业生产中，对黄铜的各项研究具有非常重要的意义。了解黄铜种类，有利于掌握黄铜的各种性质，更好的利用黄铜。    从广义上看来讲，黄铜种类可以分为两类:如果只是由铜、锌组成的黄铜就叫作普通黄铜。如果是由二种以上的元素组成的多种合金就称为特殊黄铜。如由铅、锡、锰、镍、铅、铁、硅组成的铜合金。    黄铜有较强的耐磨性能。特殊黄铜又叫特种黄铜，它强度高、硬度大、耐化学腐蚀性强。还有切削加工的机械性能也较突出。由黄铜所拉成的无缝铜管，质软、耐磨性能强。黄铜无缝管可用于热交换器和冷凝器、低温管路、海底运输管。制造板料、条材、棒材、管材，铸造零件等。含铜在62%～68%，塑性强，制造耐压设备等。   然而，特殊黄铜由于其黄铜中添加的元素不同，所以，黄铜的种类又可以再划分。    为了提高黄铜的耐蚀性、强度、硬度和切削性等，在铜-锌合金中加入少量（一般为1%～2%，少数达3%～4%，极个别的达5%～6%）锡、铝、锰、铁、硅、镍、铅等元素，构成三元、四元、甚至五元合金，即为复杂黄铜，亦称特殊黄铜。     三元以上的黄铜称特殊黄铜或称复杂黄铜。含锌低於36％的黄铜合金由固溶体组成﹐具有良好的冷加工性能﹐如含锌30％的黄铜常用来制作弹壳﹐俗称弹壳黄铜或七三黄铜。含锌在36～42％之间的黄铜合金由和固溶体组成﹐其中最常用的是含锌40％的六四黄铜。为了改善普通黄铜的性能﹐常添加其他元素﹐如铝﹑镍﹑锰﹑锡﹑硅﹑铅等。铝能提高黄铜的强度﹑硬度和耐蚀性﹐但使塑性降低﹐适合作海轮冷凝管及其他耐蚀零件。锡能提高黄铜的强度和对海水的耐腐性﹐故称海军黄铜﹐用作船舶热工设备和螺旋桨等。铅能改善黄铜的切削性能﹔这种易切削黄铜常用作钟表零件。黄铜铸件常用来制作阀门和管道配件等。     更多关于黄铜种类的资讯，请登录上海有色网查询。 

    废铜种类,常见的废铜种类，小编搜集了一下。看看吧。    1号铜线 No.1 Copper Wire 1级：包括裸露、无涂层、无合金的纯铜线，表面无氧化，不含毛丝，铜线直径不小于1.6mm。2级：包括洁净、无色泽、无涂层、无锡、无合金的纯铜线和铜电缆线，不含毛丝和烧过的易碎的铜线。 BarleyBerry 　　2号铜线 No.2 Copper Wire 无合金的废铜线，含有杂料，含铜量为96%（最小含量94%）。不得含有过分铅化和锡化的铜线、焊接过的铜线、黄铜和青铜线、过多的油、废钢铁和非金属、脆的过烧线、绝缘性铜线和过多的细丝线。需用适当方式清除尘垢。 Birch 　　废漆包线 —— 1级：纯漆包线，无杂质。2级：经过高温脱漆，表面有氧化层，无杂质。 —— 　　特种紫杂铜 各种纯铜废料，主要包括铜材加工厂和铜加工制造厂产生的纯铜的边角料、切头、废次材、半成品、线材、废品等；允许有报废的纯铜裸线和铜管等其它纯铜制品，但不许有水垢、油污、涂层等；废铜料中不允许含有任何杂质和铜合金，也不许含有毛丝、车屑、磨屑和厚度小于1 mm的铜板。 　　1号紫杂铜 No.l Heavy Copper 应包括干净的、无合金、无涂层的加工下脚料、导电板以及直径大于1.6毫米的铜线，材料中允许带有洁净的铜管和其它纯铜块状料，含铜量为98%（最小含铜量大于96%）。不得有焚烧过的脆质铜线。 Candy 　　2号紫杂铜 No.2 Copper 应包括混杂纯铜废料,不含铜合金，含铜量为96%（最小含量94%）。不得含有过多的铅和锡、焊接过的废铜、过多的油、钢铁、非金属废料、带非铜接头的铜管或带有残渣的铜管、烧过的或有绝缘性的铜线、毛丝、焚烧后的脆质铜线、泥土等。 Cliff 　　1号铜米 No.1 Copper Wire Nodules 应包括1号裸露、无涂层、无合金的废铜线的铜米，最低含铜量为99%，不含毛丝。不含锡、铅、锌、铝、铁及其他金属杂质，无绝缘物，不含其他杂质。 Clove 　　2号铜米 Copper Wire NodulesNo.2 Copper Wire Nodules 1级：应包括无合金的废铜线铜米，最低含铜量为99%，不含其它非金属和绝缘物。金属杂质最大限量如下：铝0.05% 镍-0.05% 铁-0.05% 锡-0.25% 锑-0.01%2级：应包括2号无合金的废铜线加工的铜米。最低含铜量为97%，金属杂质铝含量不超过0.5%，其它金属或绝缘物均不超过1%。 CocoaCobra 　　薄铜板 Light Copper 应包括混杂的无合金的废铜板，含铜量为92%（最低含量88%）。包括薄铜板、流水槽、落水管、铜壶、热水器及类似的废铜。不得含有：烧过的细铜线、包覆铜件、电镀板、磨屑料、未完全烧过的电线、散热器、冰箱零件、印刷线路板、筛网、含焊锡过高的废铜、黄铜和青铜、过量的油、铁和非金属、灰渣泥土。 Dream 　　废铜箔 —— 主要是铜箔厂和线路板厂产生的废铜箔。1级：纯废铜箔，无任何夹杂。2级：纯铜箔板，夹杂物的最大含量为3%。3级：纯铜箔板，含有黏结剂。 —— 　　黄铜废料 包括了加工黄铜和铸造黄铜废料。1级：单一牌号的黄铜废料，包括废领部件、边角余料等各种形状的废料，但不得含有粉末、车屑等，夹杂物小于2%。2级：同一名称的黄铜废料，如普通黄铜废料、镍黄铜废料等，包括废零部件、边角料等各种形状的废料，不得含有粉末、车屑等，夹杂物小于2%。3级：不同名称的混合黄铜废料，包括了废零部件、边角料等各种废料，不得含有粉末、车屑等，夹杂物小于2%。 　　废黄铜 Refinery Brass 含铜量至少61.3%，含铁量小于5%，包括黄铜与青铜的块料及其边角料及这些合金的混合废料。不含绝缘线、磨屑料及非金属。 Drink 　　废黄铜铸件 Yellow Brass Castings 应包括黄铜铸造的机械零件。不含黄铜锻件、硅青铜、锰青铜、铝青铜，并且不得有含量超过15%的镀镍材料。不容许铸件长度超出300毫米。 Ivory 　　废红色黄铜 Composition or Red Brass 应包括红色黄铜废品、阀门、机械轴承和其他机械零件，包括各种各样由锡、锌和/或铅制成的铸件。不含半红色黄铜铸件（含铜78%—81%）、铁路车辆用轴瓦和其它类似的高铅合金、水龙头和出水嘴、封闭式水表、闸门、壶具的毛坯、铸块与加热过的黄铜、铝硅和锰的青铜、铁和非金属。每个料件长度不超过300毫米，重量不超过50公斤。 Ebony 　　黄铜轴套 Genuine Babbitt-Lined Brass Bushings 应包括来自汽车或其他机械上的红色黄铜轴套和轴承，含有不小于12%的以高锡为基本材料的巴氏合金，不得含有铁衬里的轴承。 Elder 　　废黄铜管 Brass Pipe 应包括黄铜管，不带镀件与焊接材料，不含用黄铜铸件连接的黄铜管。管件应完整、洁净，不含沉淀物和冷凝管。 Melon 　　废海军黄铜管 Admiralty Brass Condenser Tubes 应包括洁净完整的海军黄铜冷凝管件，电镀、非电镀的均可。不得含有镍合金、铝合金以及腐蚀材料。 Pales 　　废铝黄铜管 Aluminum Brass Condenser Tubes 应包括洁净完整的铝黄铜冷凝管件，电镀、非电镀的均可。不得含有镍合金、铝合金以及被腐蚀的材料。 Pallu 　　黄铜边角 New Brass Clippings 包括新的无铅化的黄铜片或板上切下的边角料，不含杂质，小于6毫米的冲压下的废料不得超过10%。不得含有门氏锌铜合金和海军黄铜。 Label 　　铜水暖零件 Cocks and Faucets 应包括各式各样采用红色黄铜和黄铜制成的干净的水暖件，其中包括镀铬或镀镍构件。不得含有煤气开关（龙头）、啤酒的出酒嘴、以铝和锌为母材制成的水暖件。 Grape 废黄铜混合料 Yellow Brass Scrap 由黄铜铸件、锻件、棒材、管材和多种黄铜组成。含有带镀层黄铜，不能含有锰青铜、铝青铜、非熔焊散热器及散热器部件、铁以及较脏和受腐蚀的材料。 Honey 　　炮弹壳 已经发射过的炮弹壳,一般为70/30，其它牌号的炮弹壳的成分由供需方商定，不含引信及其它杂质。 　　带引信的炮弹壳 允许炮弹客带有雷管，但必须在合同中标出，不含其它杂质。 　　子弹壳 发射过的黄铜子弹壳，成分一般为70/30，其它牌号的子弹壳的成分由供需方商定，不带弹头、铁和其它任何杂质。 　　新白铜废料 New Cupro Nickel Clips and Solids 应包括洁净、新的、分门别类的、其正常接受验定等级为70/30，80/20，90/10的铜镍合金所制的管件、筒管、薄片、板或其他经过锻造的合金。材料中不得含有其它杂质。 

冷 轧 产 品 品 名        材 质碳 结 板    SPCC、St12、DC01、Q235AB优结钢板   20-45#、08-15#优质碳素钢    08AL低碳深冲板    SC1、SPCE、ST14、DC04 超深冲板  SC2、St15、DC05、SC3、St16、DC06、St17耐腐蚀钢   05CuPCrNi、09CuPCrNi、Q345GNHL 低碳冲压钢   SPCD、ST13、DC03深 冲 板   SPCEN参照： （一）冲压用冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 1、一般冲压用钢：BLC B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；L——低碳（Low Carbon）；C——一般用（Commercial） 2、抗时效性低屈服钢：BLD B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；L——低碳（Low Carbon）；D——冲压用（Drawing） 3、非时效性极深冲用钢：BUFD（BUSD） B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；U——超级（Ultra）；F——成型（Formability）； D——冲压（Drawing） 4、非时效性超深冲用钢：BSUFD B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；SU——超高级（Ultra+Super）；F——成型（Formability）； D——冲压（Drawing） （二）冷成型用高强度冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 B ××× × × B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；×××——最小屈服点值； ×——一般用V、X、Y、Z表示 V：高强度低合金，屈服点与抗拉强度差值无规定 X：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别70MPa Y：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别100MPa Z：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别140MPa ×——氧化物/硫化物夹杂控制（K：镇静、细晶粒；F：K+硫化物控制；O：K、F外） 例：B240ZK、B340VK （三）抗凹陷性冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 B ××× × × B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写 ×××——最小屈服点值 ×——强化方式（P：强化；H：烘烤硬化） ×——由1或2表示（1：超低碳；2：低碳） 築210P1：深冲压用高强度钢；B250P2：一般加工用含磷高强度钢；B180H1：深冲用烘烤硬化钢

28日国内不锈钢冷轧上涨幅度在500元左右。据信息研究中心商场监测显现，北京区域，冷卷304/2B的0.5-3.0mm报价在3.20-3.33万元左右(吨价，下同)；热板304/No.1太钢6mm-20mm价位在2.78-3.75万元之间；321圆钢报价在4.70-5.10万元，2Cr13、3Cr13报价在0.94万元左右。佛山区域，冷卷304/2B 0.4-3.0mm张浦报价在3.18-3.33万元左右；无锡区域，冷卷304/2B报价张浦0.4-3.0mm报价在3.32-3.43万元，太钢0.5-3.0mm报价在3.25-3.48万元左右。现商场上仍无会集到货，资源继续严重，报价调高后成交状况欠安。商场304冷轧卷报价较9月出厂报价已高出500元左右，在消费旺季降临、商场库存量不大等有利要素的状况下，部分供应商对后市达观。.

1号铜线：1级包括裸露、无涂层、无合金的纯铜线，表面无氧化，不含毛丝，铜线直径不小于1.6mm。2级包括洁净、无色泽、无涂层、无锡、无合金的纯铜线和铜电缆线，不含毛丝和烧过的易碎的铜线。2号铜线：无合金的废铜线，含有杂料，含铜量为96%(最小含量94%)。不得含有过分铅化和锡化的铜线、焊接过的铜线、黄铜和青铜线、过多的油、废钢铁和非金属、脆的过烧线、绝缘性铜线和过多的细丝线。1号紫杂铜：包括干净的、无合金、无涂层的加工下脚料、导电板以及直径大于1.6毫米的铜线，材料中允许带有洁净的铜管和其它纯铜块状料，含铜量为98%(最小含铜量大于96%)。不得有焚烧过的脆质铜线。2号紫杂铜：包括混杂纯铜废料,不含铜合金，含铜量为96%(最小含量94%)。不得含有过多的铅和锡、焊接过的废铜、过多的油、钢铁、非金属废料、带非铜接头的铜管或带有残渣的铜管、烧过的或有绝缘性的铜线、毛丝、焚烧后的脆质铜线、泥土等。1号铜米：包括1号裸露、无涂层、无合金的废铜线的铜米，最低含铜量为99%，不含毛丝。不含锡、铅、锌、铝、铁及其他金属杂质，无绝缘物，不含其他杂质。2号铜米：1级应包括无合金的废铜线铜米，最低含铜量为99%，不含其它非金属和绝缘物。金属杂质最大限量如下：铝0.05% 镍-0.05% 铁-0.05% 锡-0.25% 锑-0.01%2级：应包括2号无合金的废铜线加工的铜米。最低含铜量为97%，金属杂质铝含量不超过0.5%，其它金属或绝缘物均不超过1%。 薄铜板：包括混杂的无合金的废铜板，含铜量为92%(最低含量88%)。包括薄铜板、流水槽、落水管、铜壶、热水器及类似的废铜。不得含有：烧过的细铜线、包覆铜件、电镀板、磨屑料、未完全烧过的电线、散热器、冰箱零件、印刷线路板、筛网、含焊锡过高的废铜、黄铜和青铜、过量的油、铁和非金属、灰渣泥土。 废铜箔：主要是铜箔厂和线路板厂产生的废铜箔。1级：纯废铜箔，无任何夹杂。2级：纯铜箔板，夹杂物的最大含量为3%。3级：纯铜箔板，含有黏结剂。 黄铜废料：包括了加工黄铜和铸造黄铜废料。1级：单一牌号的黄铜废料，包括废领部件、边角余料等各种形状的废料，但不得含有粉末、车屑等，夹杂物小于2%。2级：同一名称的黄铜废料，如普通黄铜废料、镍黄铜废料等，包括废零部件、边角料等各种形状的废料，不得含有粉末、车屑等，夹杂物小于2%。3级：不同名称的混合黄铜废料，包括了废零部件、边角料等各种废料，不得含有粉末、车屑等，夹杂物小于2%。

生产氧化铝的铝土矿主要有三种类型：三水铝石、一水硬铝石、一水软铝石。在已探明的铝土矿全球储量中，92%是风化红土型铝土矿，属三水铝石型，这些铝土矿的特点是低硅、高铁、高铝硅比，集中分布在非洲西部、大洋洲和中南美洲。其余的8%是沉积型铝土矿，属一水软铝石和一水硬铝石型，中低品位，主要分布在希腊、前南斯拉夫及匈牙利等地。

铜合金种类：    三宝红铜简单黄铜铁白铜银铜紫铜高韧性铜杯士铜铬铜高铍铜无氧铜磷脱氧铜电解铜高猛铜锑青铜简单单铜钨铜合金铜磷青铜锡青铜铁青铜模具鑲铜弹性铜合金高硬度合金铜铅黄铜机械加工用铜材黄铜镍白铜无铅环保黄铜易切削黄铜易车铜铝黄铜铁黄铜锰黄铜镍黄铜锑黄铜砷黄铜变形铜铝镍青铜 G青铜铅白铜海军M 高硅黄铜半红色黄铜磷镍铜硫铜无氧高导铜弹簧用铜轴承铜合金铍青铜锡钨铜锡锌铜镁青铜锌白铜铝白铜阻尼铜合金耐蚀铜合金镉青铜易切削白铜青铜钛青铜磷青铜铝青铜锡青铜硅青铜锰青铜碲铜 焊接电极材料铬锆铜银白铜锆青铜电机铜铍镍铜铍钴铜高钨铜电子冲压铜纯红铜磷铜白铜带镍带 NI200 NI201 NI212 （铜合金铜排铜棒铜板铜带洗铜铜线铜管铜箔铜片铜焊条铜焊片铜焊丝铜材）

锌的种类多种多样，下面列举的是锌的一些主要种类。不同种类的锌有着各自不同的性质和用途，它们之间有很多相关性、也有一些各自独有的属性，目前通过各种类的锌运用于各行各业。0#锌含量为99.995%。 1#锌含量为99.99%。 粗锌：从矿山开采所得，一般伴生有金、银、铜、锡等矿产。 锌锭是指纯锌，当然也会有杂质，但作为锌锭，至少有90%以上的纯度。 通过以上咨询，您应该对锌的种类以及各自独有的性质有了一定的了解，希望我们上海有色网提供的数据和信息能够满足您的需要。

铝的种类有很多依据。根据铝含量纯铝可分为：   高纯铝：        ≥99.999℅   工业精铝：  99.95℅～99.996℅   工业纯铝： 99.00℅～99.85℅                                              高纯铝高纯铝的化学成份应符合下表规定；牌号 化学成分Al含量%  不小于 杂质含量，不大于，ppmSi Fe Cu Pb Zn Ga Ti Cd Ag In 总量Al-05 99.999 2.8 2.8 2.8 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 10.0Al-055 99.9995 Si+Fe+Cu+Zn+Ti+Ga 5.0  重熔用精铝锭(工业高纯铝)重熔用铝锭应化学成分应符合下表规定牌 号 化学成分,%Al不小于 杂质   不大于Fe Si Cu Zn Ti 其它杂质每种 总和Al99.996 99.996 0.0010 0.0010 0.0015 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.004Al99.993 99.993 0.0015 0.0013 0.0030 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.007Al99.99 99.99 0.0030 0.0030 0.0050 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.04Al99.95 99.95 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.005 0.002 0.005 0.05注:1 、 铝含量按100%与杂质Fe、Si、Cu、Ti、Zn、含量的总和（百分数）之差来计算。2 、 表中未列其他杂质元素，如需方有特殊要求，可由供需双方协商。3 、分析数值的判定采用修约比较法，数值修约规则按GB8170第3章的有关规定进行，修约数位与表中所列极限数位一致。重熔用铝锭（工业纯铝）重熔用铝锭的化学成分应符合下表的规定。牌号 化学成分，%Al不小于 杂质  不大于Fe Si Cu Ga Mg 其它每种 总和Al99.85 99.85 0.12 0.08 0.005 0.030 0.030 0.015 0.15Al99.80 99.80 0.15 0.10 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.20Al99.70 99.70 0.20 0.13 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.30Al99.60 99.60 0.25 0.18 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.40Al99.50 99.50 0.30 0.25 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.50Al99.00 99.00 0.50 0.45 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.05 1.00注：① 铝含量为100.00%与含量等于或大于0.010%的所有杂质的总和。      ② 表中未规定的其它杂质元素，如Zn、Mn、Ti等，供方可不做常规分析，但应定期分析。 

现在，现已发现的元素有108种，其间金属元素90种（包含硼、硅、砷3种半金属）。世界上关于金属元素的分类根本有两种办法；美、英、日等国，把金属元素分为铁金属和非铁金属两类。前苏联及东欧国家则将金属元素分为黑色金属和有色金属两类。我国现在选用的是前苏联及工业基础欧的分类办法但此种办法并无严厉的科学根据，如“黑色”和“有色”的命名就不行切当，仅仅约定俗成罢了。关于很多的有色金属，人们依照它们的性质、用处、用处散布及其储量等的不同，又将其分为四类，即：重金属、轻金属、贵金属和稀有金属。 重金属、轻金属和贵金属 重金属，包含铜、镍、钴、铅、锌、锡、锑、铋、和镉等，密度皆大于4.5克/厘米3。轻金属，如铝、镁、钠、钙和钾等，它们的密度均小于4.5克/厘米3。贵金属，包含金、银和铂族金属（铂、钌、铑、钯、锇和铱）等八个元素。因而报价比一般金属贵重而得名。稀有金属 稀有金属又分为5种：稀有轻金属，包含锂、铍、、4元素，特色为密度小，化学活性强；稀有高熔点金属，包含钨、钼、钽、铌、锆、铪、钒、钛和铼9元素，其特色是熔点高（均在1700℃以上），硬度大和耐腐蚀；稀散金属，包含镓、铟、和锗、硒、碲，它们在自然界中散布极为涣散，没有独自的矿藏和矿床；稀土金属，包含镧系元素、钪和钇等17个元素，它们性质非常附近，在矿石中是共生的，制取单一的纯金属非常困难；稀有放射性金属，包含天然放射性元素钋、镭、锕、钍、镤和铀及超铀元素等19个元素。天然放射性金属往往也是共生的，还常与稀土金属伴生。

锡的种类是关于锡的一个问题，这里我们来介绍下。锡，原子序数50，原子量118.71，元素名来源于拉丁文。在约公元前2000年，人类就已开始使用锡。锡在地壳中的含量为0.004%，几乎都以锡石(氧化锡)的形式存在，此外还有极少量的锡的硫化物矿。锡有14种同位素，其中10种是稳定同位素，分别是：锡112、114、115、116、117、118、119、120、122、124。　　金属锡柔软，易弯曲，熔点231.89°C，沸点2260°C。有三种同素异形体：白锡为四方晶系，密度7.28克/厘米³，硬度2，延展性好；灰锡为金刚石形立方晶系，密度5.75克/厘米³；脆锡为正交晶系，密度6.54克/厘米³。 　　在空气中锡的表面生成二氧化锡保护膜而稳定，加热下氧化反应加快；锡与卤素加热下反应生成四卤化锡；也能与硫反应；锡对水稳定，能缓慢溶于稀酸，较快溶于浓酸中；锡能溶于强碱性溶液；在氯化铁、氯化锌等盐类的酸性溶液中会被腐蚀。　　锡是银白色的软金属，比重为7.3，熔点低，只有232，你把它放进煤球炉中，它便会熔成水银般的液体。锡很柔软，用小刀能切开它。锡的化学性质很稳定，在常温下不易被氧气氧化，所以它经常保持银闪闪的光泽。锡无毒，人们常把它镀在铜锅内壁，以防铜温水生成有毒的铜绿。牙膏壳也常用锡做(牙膏壳是两层锡中央着一层铅做成的。近年来，我国已逐渐用铝代替锡制造牙膏壳)。焊锡，也含有锡，一般含锡61％，有的是铅锡各半，也有的是由90％铅、6％锡和4％锑组成。　　锡在常温下富有展性。特别是在100℃时，它的展性非常好，可以展成极薄的锡箔。平常，人们便用锡箔包装香烟、糖果，以防受潮（近年来，我国已逐渐用铝箔代替锡箔。铝箔与锡箔很易分辨——锡箔比铝箔光亮得多)。不过，锡的延性却很差，一拉就断，不能拉成细丝。　　其实，锡也只有在常温下富有展性，如果温度下降到13.2℃以下，它竟会逐渐变成煤灰般松散的粉末。特别是在-33℃或有红盐(SnCl4·2NH4Cl)的酒精溶液存在时，这种变化的速度大大加快。一把好端端的锡壶，会“自动”变成一堆粉末。这种锡的“疾病”还会传染给其他“健康”的锡器，被称为“锡疫”。造成锡疫的原因，是由于锡的晶格发生了变化：在常温下，锡是正方晶系的晶体结构，叫做白锡。当你把一根锡条弯曲时，常可以听到一阵嚓嚓声，这便是因为正方晶系的白锡晶体间在弯曲时相互摩擦，发出了声音。在13.2℃以下，白锡转变成一种无定形的灰锡。于是，成块的锡便变成了一团粉末。　　锡不仅怕冷，而且怕热。在161℃以上，白锡又转变成具有斜方晶系的晶体结构的斜方锡。斜方锡很脆，一敲就碎，展性很差，叫做“脆锡”。白锡、灰锡、脆锡，是锡的三种同素异性体。　　由于锡怕冷，因此，在冬天要特别注意别使锡器受冻。有许多铁器常用锡焊接的，也不能受冻。1912年，国外的一支南极探险队去南极探险，所用的汽油桶都是用锡焊的，在南极的冰天雪地之中，焊锡变成粉末股的灰锡，汽油就都漏光了。如果想知道更多关于锡的种类的信息，你可以登陆上海有色网进行查询和了解。

二者的首要差异在于涂漆的阶段和工艺不同。 　　预滚涂是在基材仍是卷状时，在流水线上经过酸洗、矫相等程序，依据要求的漆层厚度，有电脑操控，经过几烤几烘，在相对密闭的空间内完结。滚涂后就是一卷卷带漆层的铝板。如使用时依据尺度直接裁剪和折弯，即可施工。     喷涂是在依据施工图纸断定的规格，对不带漆层的铝板裁剪和折弯成型后，再用喷上漆。     关于商场上的金属铝幕墙来说，种类许多。就涂漆层面来说，首要分喷涂、预滚涂及电镀等。综合功能比较，是喷涂远低于预滚涂，预滚涂在部分指标上低于电镀;在空间上，国产首要是喷涂，国外已是预滚涂产品占主流了，电镀产品在国外也早有人用了。国内和国外为何会形成这种“代”差呢?首要原因有以下二个方面：     资金、技能和设备。     国内幕墙厂商多，规划小，鱼龙混杂，不乏作坊式出产。关于数十亿美元一条的滚涂出产线和严厉的技能配套要求来说，明显还不具备条件。     建筑理念和商场观念要素等。也就是人祸。建筑是千秋大业仅仅嘴上说说罢了，我们只管眼前利益而不讲久远效益。(一个比如是上海陆家嘴的一楼盘，十几如果平方的价格外墙仅用铝塑板贴了拉倒，降低成本啊，成果成交廖廖)。业主外行，出产商就都拼报价，偷工减料，压低薪酬，献身质量，技能研制和升级换代就更是无稽之谈了，成果就是整个职业留步不前。     1***H**——指含99%纯铝的纯铝板     2***H**——指铝铜合金     3***H**——指铝锰合金     4***H**——铝硅合金     5***H**——铝镁合金，可用做船板或防弹铝板.     H1*——静态煺火(也叫最终煺火);     H2*——动态煺火(继续出产线上煺火，也叫中间煺火);     H3*——内部应力处理;     H4*——上面三种只需涂层后都是4.     H*2、H*4、H*6——后边的数字是硬度比值。数字越小，硬度越小;反之越大。     普基铝镁板是预滚涂板，不是喷涂板AA5754H44基材，2.0mm厚度的产品各项功能已卓而不群,选用接连三涂三烤工艺，抗老化、不掉漆，涂层氟碳树脂含量达70%以上,加强筋选用镀锌钢板，柔性衔接，强度高，不变形。删去

黄金是在天然界中以游离状况存在而不能人工合成的天然产品。按其来历的不同和提炼后含量的不同分为生金和熟金等。       生金亦称天然金、荒金、原金，是熟金的目标，是从矿山或河底冲积层挖掘出，没有通过熔化提炼的黄金。生金分矿金和沙金两种。     矿金，也称合质金，产于矿山、金矿，大都是随地下涌出的热泉通过岩石的缝细而沉积积成，常与石英夹在岩石的缝隙中，矿石通过挖掘、破坏、淘洗，大颗的金能够直接拣取，小粒的可用溶解。矿多与其他金属伴生，其间除黄金外还有银、铂、锌等其他金属，在其他金属未提出之前称为合质金。矿金产于不同的矿山而所含的其他金属成分不同，因而，成色凹凸纷歧，一般在50%-90%之间。     沙金，是产于河流底层或低洼地带，所以石沙稠浊在一起，通过淘洗出来的黄金。沙金起源于矿山，是因为金矿石显露地上，通过长时刻风吹雨打，岩石北风化而崩裂，金便脱离矿脉随同泥沙顺水而下，天然沉积在石沙中，在河流底层或砂石下面沉积为含金层，然后构成沙金。沙金的特点是：颗粒大小纷歧，大的像蚕豆，小的似细沙，形状各异。色彩因成色凹凸而不同，九成以上为赤黄色，八成为淡黄色，七成为青黄色。    熟金是生金通过冶炼、提纯后的黄金，一般纯度较高，密度较细，有的能够直接用于工业生产。常见的有金条、块、锭和各种不同的饰品、器皿、金币以及工业用的金丝、片、板等。因为用处不同，所需成色纷歧，或因没有提纯设备，而只熔化未提纯，或提的纯度不行，构成成色凹凸纷歧的黄金。人们习惯上依据成色的凹凸分为纯金、赤金、色金3种。按含金量不同分为清色金、混色金、ｋ金。     黄金通过提纯后到达适当高的纯度的金称为纯金，一般指到达99.6%以上成色的黄金。     赤金和纯金满意思维挨近，但因时刻和当地的不同，赤金的标准有所不同，国际市场出售的黄金，成色达99.6%的称为赤金。而境内的赤金一般在99.2%-99.6%之间。     色金，也称“次金”、“潮金”，是指成色较低的金。这些黄金因为其他金属含量不同，成色高的达99%,低的只要30%。     按含其他金属的不同区分，黄金又可分为清色金、混色金、k金等。清色金指黄金中只掺有白银成分，不管成色凹凸总称清色金。清色金较多，常见于金条、锭、块及各种器皿和金饰品。     混色金是指黄金内除含有白银外，还含有铜、锌、铅、铁等其他金属。依据所含金属品种和数量不同，可分为小混金、大混金、青铜大混金、含铅大混金等。     ｋ金是指银、铜按必定的份额，依照足金为24k的公式配制成的黄金。一般来说，ｋ金含银份额越多，色泽越青；含铜份额大，则色泽为紫红。我国的ｋ金在解放初期是按每ｋ4.15%的标准核算，1982年今后，已与国际标准一致起来，以每k为4.1666%作为标准。

贵 金属 种类包括金、银和铂族 金属 (铂、钌、铑、钯、锇和铱)，共八个元素。金对光谱中中间部分反射率迅速增加，所以呈现黄色。银和铂族 金属 对可见光反射率都很高所以呈现白色(银─白色、铂─锡白色、钯─钢白色、铑─银白色、铱─-白色、锇─-蓝白色、钌─蓝白色)贵 金属 (precious metals)是属于罕见的 有色金属 一类。贵 金属 具有优异的化学和热稳定性，以及其它许多独特的物理-化学性能。贵 金属 地壳丰度低，分布稀散，彼此互溶共生，富集、分离和提纯都较困难。大量的金和铂族 金属 都是从处理砂矿和脉矿中获得，少量从冶炼铜、铅、锌的阳极泥中回收。银主要从阳极泥中回收。从铜镍硫化共生矿中提取铂族 金属 的数量正在逐步增长。在中国，铂族 金属 主要从铜镍硫化共生矿中回收获得。从含贵 金属 的废旧材料中回收，也是一个重要来源。金银可作为货币和装饰品，已有几千年历史。从19世纪末到20世纪初，贵 金属 和贵 金属 合金开始用于工业和科学研究，后来广泛用于航空、航天、航海、原子能、化工、电子工业、冶金工业等部门，以及废气净化等方面。贵 金属 是战略储备物资。珠宝制作上常用的贵 金属 如下:金（Gold）黄金当然是珠宝业内最为重要的贵 金属 ．从物理特性来看，金具有高延展性，不易与其它物质化合的稳定，耐久性，加上其金黄色的光泽，使其成为既广受欢迎，又耐久的贵 金属 ．黄金本身有着世界通行的价值，基本上是珠宝类中， 价格 最为稳定的一种．经济学内甚至有”金本位”的理论，以一国内的黄金存量，制定货币的汇率．银（Silver）金属 银是呈讨喜的银白色．银的 价格 较金低了许多，但银却极易氧化而变黑，是其最大缺点．英制以银质（92.5/100）定为标准纯银（Sterling Silver），因此，银制品上的标示就常见925或SS．为降低银的氧化速度，有时会在标准纯银的饰品上再电镀一层银白色 金属 （应为钯），而称为银白K．虽然银易氧化，但有许多银饰品，会利用这个特性，让银饰品稍微有些发黑，旧化的效果反而相当具有特色．铂（Platinum）金属 铂同样是白色具有 金属 光泽，相当受欢迎的贵 金属 ．其实国内常将铂称为白金，但就我的经验，这个称呼常让人将白金（铂Platinum）与白K金（White Gold）搞混．所以我的建议是，在购买时，还是以英文名称或”铂”这个字与商家再确认，较不会弄错．铂元素的 产量 较黄金更为稀少， 价格 也因而较白K金贵上许多．与金相同，铂具有不易氧化的特性，因而做为首饰用 金属 亦是相当耐久的．铂的标示同样是根据纯度，铂的元素符号为Pt，因此，标示上常见Pt950，Pt900，代表了铂的纯度为千分之九百五十或千分之九百.想要了解更多关于贵 金属 种类的资讯，请继续浏览上海 有色 网（ www.smm.cn ） 有色金属 频道。

废铝的种类分类是一个重要的生产过程。利用废杂铝生产铝粉是再生铝工业的重要组成部分利用废铝生产铝粉对废铝有一定的要求，不是任何废铝都可以生产铝粉，要求废铝的种类分类清晰，预处理干净，如果采用的技术适当，可以生产出符合相关标准的铝。废铝的种类分类有多种分法，普遍是按照废铝回收的 价格 和按废铝的 交易 量来进行废铝分类的。按照废铝回收 价格 来废铝的种类分类的话：根据废铝品的分类和最新的 市场价格 而定废铝回收、铝线回收、铝回收、回收废铝。按 交易 量来废铝的种类分类的话：废铝 市场 上成交做多的有以下几种：生铝，合金熟铝，型材铝，易拉罐，铝线。最纯净的废铝是铝线，是电缆中，将铝胶皮剥离后剩下的干净铝线，这种铝线的 价格 较高，目前 市场 价在12500左右。生铝是个笼统的叫法，有的地区还将生铝分为机件生铝也就是机铝，还是轮毂铝。 价格 也有差别，破碎铝的杂质含量最多， 价格 也最低，目前破碎铝的 市场价格 在10000左右，浙江地区较高 价格 在10300-10600左右。熟铝的 价格 和生铝差不多，熟铝柔韧性好，是可锻压料，生铝较硬，目前熟铝 价格 比生铝低200-300元。型材铝指的是6060铝合金门窗废料，进口的6063料比国产的要高，目前进口6063料市价11500,国产的11000，具体 价格 视该废料的干净程度还有差别。以上就是关于废铝的种类的相关信息。 

铜合金种类     1）黄铜：普通黄铜、铅黄铜、锡黄铜、铁黄铜、铝黄铜、锰黄铜、硅黄铜、镍黄铜                              2）青铜：锡青铜、锡磷青铜、铝青铜、铍青铜、铬青铜、锆青铜、铬锆青铜、铁青铜、镍硅青铜、镉青铜、镁青铜、硅青铜、其他青铜                               3）白铜：普通白铜、锌白铜、铁白铜、铝白铜、锰白铜                              4）特殊铜合金：艺术用铜合金、铜基形状记忆合金。          黄铜是以锌为主要合金元素的铜基合金，因常呈黄色而得名。黄铜色泽美观，有良好的工艺和力学性能，导电性和导热性较高，在大气、淡水和海水中耐腐蚀，易切削和抛光，焊接性较好且 价格 便宜。常用于制作导电、导热元件，耐蚀结构件，弹性元件，日用五金及装饰材料等，用途广泛。黄铜可以分为两大类：只含锌的二元合金，统称普通黄铜或简单黄铜;第二类是除合金元素锌意外，还含有诸如铅、锡、铁锰、铝、硅、镍等元素，分别称为铅黄铜、铝黄铜等，统称特殊黄铜或者复杂黄铜。         青铜是历史上应用最早的一种合金，原指铜锡合金，因颜色呈青灰色，故称青铜。为了改善合金的工艺性能和力学性能，大部分青铜内还加入了其他合金元素，如铅、锌、磷等。由于锡是一种稀缺 金属 ，所以工业上还使用许多不含锡的无锡青铜，它们不仅 价格 便宜，还具有所需要的特种性能。无锡青铜主要有铝青铜、铍青铜   锰青铜、硅青铜等。此外还有成分较为复杂的三元或四元青铜。现在除黄铜和白铜（铜镍合金）以外的铜合金均称为青铜。锡青铜有较高的力学性能，较好的耐蚀性，减摩性和好的铸造性能；对过热和气体的敏感性小，焊接性能好，无铁磁性，收缩系数小。锡青铜在大气、海水、淡水和蒸汽中的抗蚀性都比黄铜高。铝青铜有比锡青铜的机械性能和耐磨、耐蚀、耐寒、耐热、无铁磁性，优良好的流动性，无扁析倾向，因此可得到致密的铸件。在铝青铜中加入铁、镍和锰等元素。可进一步改善合金的各种性能。青铜也分为压力加工和铸造产品两大类。            白铜是以镍为主要合金元素的铜合金，若含有第三元素如Zn、Mn、Al等，则相应地被称为锌白铜、锰白铜、铝白铜等。这类材料的特点是具有优良的抗蚀性能和中等以上强度，弹性好，加工成形性能和可焊性好，易于热、冷压力加工，易于焊接，广泛用于制造耐蚀结构件、各种弹簧与接插件等。 

5月9日音讯： 　　1.银元宝外表呈椭圆形及长方形 　　一般两耳高立，两耳中间面部凹下平整皎白光润，底部有蜂窝，蜂窝口小洞大，深浅纷歧，散布天然，冲击声响贯穿共同，分量1750克左右，成色980‰。若表面有黑斑驳，成色970‰，黑斑驳较多，成色950‰。 有一种分量为312.5克、31.25克的旧制十两及一两的小元宝，面部打有"十"戳记，成色950―980‰。　　2.银砖 外表长方形银锭，分量2000克左右，也有几百克，成色950‰居多980‰少。成色900‰以下的起很厚的皱皮，面上黑赤色发乌。　　3.银滴珠（高足锭、山君眼） 外表半圆形，底部有小蜂窝，成色950―980‰，重62克左右。　　4.松江锭 外表形状似，表面灰黑色，分量180克左右，成色950‰左右，有杰出的铅釉，底部具深细蜂窝，每锭上附有15克铅釉，有的当地（北京地区）现已去掉，有冲击痕迹，构成上方下圆。 　　5.银条 外表长条状，尺度不等，分量300克左右，好的成色950‰左右，一般成色900‰左右，以925‰最为多见，是制造银饰的质料。900‰以下的呈灰白色，质坚固击打有铜声，底面无蜂窝，火烧后表面显黑红。 　　6.首饰、器皿 首饰、器皿中掺入杂质红铜较多，白铜、黄铜较少。首饰有镯、佩、链、坠、簪、锁。器皿有餐具、壶、碗、杯瓶、鼎、炉、盾牌。 　　7.出土银饰 墓葬中出土银饰去面均腐蚀成一层黑锈，市场上常出现用作用做旧。 　　8.银圆，也作“银元”，是我国曩昔市场上流转的一种钱银，品种繁复，以清末各种龙洋，民国像开国纪念币、头像银元、像船洋最为多见，还有中华苏维埃币、四川"汉"字币等，此外一些外国银元，如站洋、坐洋、鹰洋、日本龙洋等也在国内流转。

铅的种类多种多样，下面列举的是铅的一些主要分类。不同种类的铅有着各自不同的性质和用途，它们之间有很多相关性、也有一些各自独有的属性，目前通过各种类的铅运用于各行各业。1#铅锭    含量：99.994%（这是标准的铅锭，目前市场上交易的多数是这种铅锭。）2#铅锭    含量：99.98% 再生铅 蓄电池用铅量在铅的消费中占很大比例，因此废旧蓄电池是再生铅的主要原料。有的国家再生铅量占总产铅量的一半以上，再生铅主要用火法生产。含铅量96%。 还原铅：以废铅做原料，重新回炉冶炼而得，铅含量通常在96%~98%左右，也可做为生产电解铅的原料。 粗铅：从矿山开采所得，一般伴生有金、银、铜、锡等矿产。 通过以上铅的分类，您应该对其种类以及各自独有的性质有了一定的了解，希望我们提供的数据和信息能够满足您的需要。若想查看更多有关铅的性质用途可以登录上海有色网进行查看。