冷轧板卷是以热轧卷为原料，在室温下在再结晶温度以下进行轧制而成，包括板和卷，国内众多钢厂如宝钢、武钢、鞍钢等均可以生产。其中成张交货的称为钢板，也称盒板或平板；长度很长、成卷交货的称为钢带，也称卷板。 生产过程中由于不进行加热，所以不存在热轧常出现的麻点和氧化铁皮等缺陷，表面质量好、光洁度高。而且冷轧产品的尺寸精度高，产品的性能和组织能满足一些特殊的使用要求，如电磁性能、深冲性能等。  　　规格：厚度为0.2-4mm，宽度为600-2 000mm，钢板长度为1 200-6 000mm。  　　牌号：Q195A-Q235A、Q195AF-Q235AF、Q295A(B)-Q345 A(B)；SPCC、SPCD、SPCE、ST12-15;DC01-06  　　性能：主要采用低碳钢牌号，要求具有良好的冷弯和焊接性能，以及一定的冲压性能。 钢号规格（厚*宽*长）冷轧板规格板0.4*1000*C0.5*1250*C0.35*1000*C 1.0*1000*C0.7*1020*C0.3*1000*C 0.4*1000*C1.5*1000*C2.5*1000*C 2.5*1000*C2.0*1250*C1.5*1250*C 1.0*1250*C1.0*1000*C1.0*1000*2000 1.2*1000*20001.5*1000*20000.5*1000*C 2.0*1000*20003.0*1000*20001.0*1250*2000 1.0*1250*25001.2*1250*20001.2*1250*2500 1.5*1250*20001.5*1250*20002.0*1250*2000 2.0*1250*25002.5*1250*20002.5*1250*2500 3.0*1250*20003.0*1250*25001.0*1250*2500 0.35*1000*20000.4*1000*20000.45*1000*2000 0.5*1000*20000.6*1000*20000.7*1000*2000 0.8*1000*20002.0*1000*20001.2*1000*2000 1.5*1000*20001.0*1250*2000

冷轧板带用途很广，如汽车制造、电气产品、机车车辆、航空、精密仪表、食品罐头等。 　　冷轧薄钢板是普通碳素结构钢冷轧板的简称，也称冷轧板，俗称冷板，有时会被误写成冷扎板。冷板是由普通碳素结构钢热轧钢带，经过进一步冷轧制成厚度小于4mm的钢板。由于在常温下轧制，不产生氧化铁皮，因此，冷板表面质量好，尺寸精度高，再加之退火处理，其机械性能和工艺性能都优于热轧薄钢板，在许多领域里，特别是家电制造领域，已逐渐用它取代热轧薄钢板。 　　适用牌号：Q195、Q215、Q235、Q275；SPCC（日本牌号）；ST12（德国牌号） 　　符号：冷轧板的用途 　　1、Q—普通碳素结构钢屈服点（极限）的代号，它是“屈”的第一个汉语拼音字母的大小写；195、215、235、255、275—分别表示它们屈服点（极限）的数值，单位：兆帕MPa（N/mm2）；由于Q235钢的强度、塑性、韧性和焊接性等综合机械性能在普通碳素结构钢中属最了，能较好地满足一般的使用要求，所以应用范围十分广泛。 　　2、S-钢（Steel）、P-板（Plate）、C-冷轧（cold）、第四位C-普通级（common）。 　　3、ST-钢（Steel）、12-普通级冷轧薄钢板、　 　　标记：尺寸精度—尺寸—钢板品种标准 　　冷轧钢板：钢号—技术条件标准 　　标记示例：B-0.57501500-GB708-88；钢板、标准号Q/BQB402，牌号SPCC，热处理状态退火+平整（S），表央加工状态为麻面D，表面质量为FB级的切边（切边EC，不切边EM）钢板、厚度0.5mm，B级精度，宽度1000mm，A级精度，长度2000mm，A级精度，不平度精度为PF.A，则标记为：钢板ECQ/BQB 402-SPCC-SD-FB/（0.51000A2000A-PF.A）； 　　冷轧钢板：Q225-GB912-89 　　主要产地有：宝钢、鞍钢、本钢、武钢、邯钢、包钢、唐钢、涟钢、济钢等 　　冷轧普通薄钢板 ：由普通碳素结构钢或低合金结构钢冷轧制成。冷轧板表面质量较好。具有良好的冲压性能。对其要求要保证冷弯和杯试验合格，常用于汽车等行业和镀层板的原料。 　　冷轧优质薄钢板：主要包括各种优质钢冷轧薄板，最常用的是碳素结构钢板，尤其是深冲压用冷轧薄钢板，是由低碳优质钢08Al冷轧的薄板，钢板按表面质量分为三组；Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ，分别表示特别高级、高级、较高的精整表面,按拉延级别分为ZF、HF、F级（代表用于冲制拉延最复杂、很复杂、复杂的零件）,根据钢板厚度允许偏差，又分为A、B两级精度、广泛用于汽车拖拉机工业。 　　冷轧钢板，表面光洁，加工优良，用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及产业设备、各种建筑材料。随着经济发展，冷轧钢板已被称为现代社会的必须材料。 冷轧产品的分类： 热轧酸洗、轧硬卷、普通冷轧、镀锌（电镀锌、耐指纹、热镀锌）、镀铝锌、电镀锡、彩涂、电工钢（矽钢片）等。 　　1、热轧酸洗：　　2、轧 硬 卷：在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。

冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。镀锌是在装有镀件、玻璃球、锌粉、水和促进剂的旋转滚桶内，作为冲击介质的玻璃球随着滚桶转动，与镀件表面发生摩擦和锤击产生机械物理能量，在化学促进剂的作用下，将镀涂的锌粉“冷焊”到镀件表面上，形成光滑、均匀和细致的具有一定厚度的镀层。镀锌分为热镀锌和电镀锌两种。热镀锌也叫热浸镀锌和热浸锌，是一种有效的 金属 防腐方式，主要用于各 行业 的 金属 结构设施上。是将除锈后的钢件浸入500℃左右融化的锌液中，使钢构件表面附着锌层，从而起到防腐的目的。电镀锌，是利用电解设备将管件经过除油、酸洗、后放入成分为锌盐的溶液中，并连接电解设备的负极，在管件的对面放置锌版，连接在电解设备的正极接通电源，利用电流从正极向负极的定向移动就会在管件上沉积一层锌，冷镀管件是先加工后镀锌。

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在6~13.5吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。产品特点因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。简单来说，冷轧，是在热软板扎的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧→酸洗→冷轧这样的加工过程。冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由热轧经过连续冷变形而成的冷轧，机械性能比较差，硬度太高，必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。化学成分（Wt%）牌号CSiMnPSCuSPCC0.02～0.08≤0.100.15～0.30≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q1950.06～0.12≤0.300.25～0.50≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q235-B0.12～0.20≤0.300.30～0.70≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050制作工序冷轧通常采用众轧的方式。冷轧生产的工序一般包括原料准备、酸洗、轧制、脱脂、退火(热处理)、精整等。冷轧以热轧产品为原料，冷轧前原料要先除磷，以保证冷轧产品的表面洁净。轧制是使材料变形的主要工序。脱脂的目的在于去除轧制时附在轧材上的润滑油脂，以免退火时污染钢材表面，对不锈钢也为防止增碳。退火包括中间退火和成品热处理，中间退火是通过再结晶消除冷变形时产生的加工硬化，以恢复材料的塑性及降低金属的变形抗力。成品热处理的目的除了通过再结晶消除硬化外。还在于根据产品的技术要求以获得所需要的组织(如各种织构等)和产品性能(如深冲、电磁性能等)。精整包括检查、剪切、矫直(平整)、打印、分类包装等内容。冷轧产品有很高的包装要求，以防止产品在运输过程中表面被刮伤。除上述工序外在生产一些特殊产品时还有各自的特殊工序。如轧制硅钢板时，在冷轧前要进行脱碳退火，轧后要进行涂膜、高温退火、拉伸矫直(见张力矫直)与回火等。用于冷轧带刚的轧机有二辊轧机、四辊轧机和多辊轧机。应用最多的是四辊轧机。轧制更薄的产品则要采用多辊轧机。多辊轧机的种类很多，如六辊轧机、偏八辊轧机，十二辊轧机，二十辊轧机等(见轧机)。随着对板形要求的提高，发展了许多改进板形的技术，如弯辊技术、窜辊技术和交叉轧辊技术等。冷轧带钢轧机按机架排列可分为单机可逆或不可逆式与多机连续式两类。前者适用于多品种、少批量或合金钢产品比例大的情况。它投资低、建厂快，但产量低，金属消耗较大。多机架连续轧制适合于产品品种较单一或者变动不大的情况，它有生产效率高、产量大的优点，但投资较大。与热轧带钢(见热连轧宽带钢生产工艺、热轧窄带钢生产)相比，冷轧带钢(见冷板扎带生产)的轧制工艺有以下特点：(1)采用工艺润滑和冷却，以降低轧制时的变形抗力和冷却轧辊；(2)采用大张力轧制，以降低变形抗力和保持轧制过程的稳定。采用的平均单位张力值为材料屈服强度的10%～60%，一般不超过50%；(3)采用多轧程轧制。由于冷轧使材料产生加工硬化，当总变形量达到60%～80%时，继续变形就变得很困难。为此要进行中间退火，使材料软化后轧制得以继续进行。为了得到要求的薄带钢，这样的中间退火可能要进行多次。两次中间退火之间的轧制称为一个轧程。冷轧带钢的退火在有保护气体的连续式退火炉或罩式退火炉中进行(见冷轧板带退火)。冷轧带钢的最小厚度目前可达到0.05mm，冷轧箔材可达到0.001mm。

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板，俗称冷板。　　冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。 　　一般来说，冷轧钢板分为三代产品：沸腾钢为第一代，铝镇静钢为第二代，无间隙原子刚（IF钢）为第三代。   您查询的关键词是：冷轧钢板  。如果打开速度慢，可以尝试快速版；如果想保存快照，可以添加到搜藏。 "冷轧钢板""2,冷轧钢板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.56",,"2.5","6000x1200 7000x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","22.25""0.45",,"4.01",,"2.75",,"24.48""0.5",,"4.45",,"3.0",,"26.70""0.6",,"5.34",,"3.5",,"31.50""0.7",,"6.23",,"4.0",,"35.60""0.8",,"7.12",,"4.5",,"40.05""0.9",,"8.01",,"5.0",,"44.50""1.0",,"8.90",,"5.5",,"48.95""1.1",,"9.79",,"6.0",,"53.40""1.2",,"10.68",,"6.5",,"57.85""1.35",,"12.02",,"7.0",,"62.30""1.5",,"13.35",,"7.5",,"66.75""1.65",,"14.60",,"8.0",,"71.20""1.8",,"16.02",,"9.0",,"80.10""2.0",,"17.80",,"10.0",,"89.00""2.25",,"20.03""冷轧铜条""2,冷轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.20","200~400","500~800","1.78",,"2.50","200~500","500~2000","22.25""0.25",,,"2.23",,"2.75",,,"24.48""0.30",,,"2.67",,"3.00",,"1000~2000","26.70""0.35",,,"3.12",,"3.50",,,"31.15""0.40","200~500","500~2000","3.56",,"4.00",,,"35.60""0.45",,,"4.01",,"4.50",,,"40.05""0.50",,,"4.45",,"5.00",,,"44.50""0.60",,,"5.34",,"5.50",,,"48.95""0.70",,,"6.23",,"6.00",,,"53.40""0.80",,,"7.12",,"6.50",,,"57.85""0.90",,,"8.01",,"7.00",,,"62.30""1.00",,,"8.90",,"8.00",,,"71.20""1.20",,,"10.68",,"9.00",,,"80.10""1.30",,,"11.57",,"10.00",,,"89.00""1.40",,,"12.46",,"11.00",,,"97.90""1.50",,,"13.35",,"12.00",,,"106.8""1.60",,,"14.69",,"13.00",,,"115.7""1.80",,,"16.02",,"14.00",,,"124.6""2.00",,,"17.80",,"15.00",,,"133.5""注 铜板和条(热轧,冷轧)的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4和TU和TUP,其化学成分应符合YB145-71规定""特殊用冷轧黄铜条""3,特殊用冷轧黄铜条(YB555-65)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)""0.20","200~300","500~1000","1.76",,"1.6","200~500","500~2000","14.08""0.25",,,"2.20",,"1.8",,,"15.84""0.30","200~400",,"2.64",,"2.0",,,"17.60""0.35",,,"3.08",,"2.5",,,"22.00""0.40","200~500",,"3.52",,"2.75",,,"24.20""0.45",,,"3.96",,"3.0",,,"26.40""0.50",,"500~2000","4.40",,"3.5",,,"30.80""0.55",,,"4.84",,"4.0",,,"35.20""0.60",,,"5.28",,"4.5",,,"39.60""0.70",,,"6.16",,"5.0",,,"44.00""0.80",,,"7.04",,"5.5",,,"48.40""0.90",,,"7.92",,"6.0",,,"52.80""1.0",,,"8.8",,"6.5",,,"57.20""1.2",,,"10.56",,"7.0",,,"61.60""1.3",,,"11.44",,"8.0",,,"70.40""1.4",,,"12.32",,"9.0",,,"79.20""1.5",,,"13.20",,"10.0",,,"88.00""注 (1)标记举例:用H80制成的,厚度为0.8mm,宽度为300mm,长度为1000mm的1/2硬条标记为:"" 条H80-Y20.8x300x1000YB555-65."" (2)冷轧条分为定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.""多面体的体积和表面积""多面体的体积和表面积""图形",,"尺寸符号",,"重心(G)""立方体",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方体∧棱柱∨",,,,"G0=h/2""三棱柱",,,,"Go=h/2""棱锥",,,,"Go=h/4""棱台""圆柱和空心圆柱∧管∨",,,,"Go=h/2""斜线直圆柱""直圆锥",,,,"Go=h/4""圆台""球",,,,"在球心上""球扇形∧球楔∨",,,,"Go=3/4(r-h/2)""球缺",,,,"Go=3(2r-h)2/4(3r-h)""圆环体∧胎∨",,,,"在环中心上""球带体",,,,"Go=h1+h/2""桶形",,,,"在轴交点上""椭球体",," a,b,c-半轴",,"在轴交点上""交叉圆柱体",,,,"在二轴交点上""梯形体""常用图形求面积,体积公式""常用图形求面积,体积公式""图形",,"尺寸符号","面积(F) 表面积(S)","重心(G)""正方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""三角形",,,,"GB=1/3BD CD=DA""平行四边形",,,,"对角线交点上""任意四边形""正多边形",,,,"在o点上""菱形",,,,"在对角线交点上""梯形""圆形",,,,"在圆心上""椭圆形",,"a·b-主轴","F= (π/4) a·b","在主轴交点G上""扇形""弓形""圆环",,,,"在圆心O""部分圆环""新月形",,,,"O1G=(π-P)L/2P","L d/10","2d/10 3d/10 4d/10","5d/10 6d/10 7d/10 ","8d/10 9d/10","P 0.40","0.79 1.18 1.56","1.91 2.25 2.55","2.81 3.02""抛物线形""等多边形",,," "," 在内,外接圆心处""冷轧黄钢板""4,冷轧黄钢板(YB460-71)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)""0.20","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","1.70",,"2.00","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","17.00""0.25",,"2.13",,"2.25",,"19.13""0.30",,"2.55",,"2.50",,"21.25""0.35",,"2.98",,"2.75",,"23.38""0.40",,"3.40",,"3.00",,"25.50""0.45",,"3.82",,"3.50",,"29.75""0.50",,"4.25",,"4.00",,"34.00""0.60",,"5.10",,"4.50",,"38.20""0.70",,"5.95",,"5.00",,"42.50""0.80",,"6.80",,"5.50",,"46.75""0.90",,"7.65",,"6.00",,"51.00""1.00",,"8.50",,"6.50",,"55.25""1.10",,"9.35",,"7.00",,"59.50""1.20",,"10.20",,"7.50",,"63.75""1.35",,"11.48",,"8.00",,"68.00""1.50",,"12.75",,"9.00",,"76.50""1.65",,"14.03",,"10.00",,"85.00""1.80",,"15.30""注 (1)冷轧软板仅供应H59,H62,H68,H80,H90,H96,HMn58-2,HPb59-1牌号.""(2)冷轧1/2硬板仅供应H62,H65,H68,H90,HMn58-2牌号.""(3)冷轧特硬板仅供应H62牌号.""(4)冷轧板材长度分为:定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.其通常长度为500~2000mm,但长度不得小于宽度.""特殊用冷轧黄钢板""5,特殊用冷轧黄钢板(YB555-65)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.52",,"2.25","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","19.60""0.45",,"3.96",,"2.50",,"22.00""0.50",,"4.40",,"2.75",,"24.20""0.55",,"4.84",,"3.0",,"26.40""0.60",,"5.28",,"3.5",,"30.80""0.70",,"6.16",,"4.0",,"35.20""0.80",,"7.04",,"4.5",,"39.60""0.90",,"7.92",,"5.0",,"44.00""1.0",,"8.80",,"5.5",,"48.40""1.1",,"9.68",,"6.0",,"52.80""1.2",,"10.56",,"6.5",,"57.20""1.35",,"11.88",,"7.0",,"61.60""1.5",,"13.20",,"7.5",,"66.60""1.65",,"14.52",,"8.0",,"70.40""1.8",,"15.84",,"9.0",,"79.20""2.0",,"17.60",,"10.0",,"88.00""注 标记举例:用H90制成的,厚度为2.5mm,宽度为600mm,长度为1200mm的软板标记为:"" 板H90M2.5x600x1200xYB555-65.""铝及铝合金板""6,铝及铝合金板""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)"0.5,"1.40",,"2.5","7.00",,"9.0","25.2",,"25","70.0"0.6,"1.68",,"3.0","8.40",,"10.0","28.0",,"30","84.0"0.8,"2.24",,"3.5","9.80",,"12.0","33.6",,"35","98.0""1.0","2.80",,"4.0","11.20",,"14.0","39.2",,"40","112.0""1.2","3.36",,"5.0","14.00",,"16.0","44.8",,"50","140.0""1.5","4.20",,"6.0","16.80",,"18.0","50.4",,"60","168.0""1.8","5.04",,"7.0","19.60",,"20.0","56.0",,"70","196.0""2.0","5.60",,"8.0","22.40",,"22.0","61.6",,"80","224.0""注 (1)板的宽度有1000,1200和500mm;板的长度有2000,3000和4000mm."" (2)理论重量按LY11,LY12和LD10等牌号铝合金的比重2.8计算,对于其他牌号的铝合金和工业纯铝,应乘以"" 下列换算系数:LD2-0.961;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975;LC4-1.018;工业纯铝-0.967.""铅板""7,铅板(GB1470-79)""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)""1.0","11.37",,"3.0","34.11",,"5.0","56.85",,"9.0","102.33""1.5","17.06",,"3.5","39.80",,"6.0","68.22",,"10.0","113.70""2.0","22.74",,"4.0","45.48",,"7.0","79.59",,"12.0","136.44""2.5","28.43",,"4.5","51.17",,"8.0","90.96",,"16.0","170.55""注 (1)铅的化学成分按GB469-64标准."" (2)板材理论重量按比重为11.34计算,宽度按500mm进张."" (3)板材成卷供应,厚度大于15mm的板材,以片状供应,厚度不大于1.5mm的板材,应用木箱包装.""纯铜带"",纯铜带(YB464-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.05","18~150","≥20","0.44",,"0.50","18~300","≥10","4.45""0.06",,,"0.53",,"0.55",,,"4.90""0.07",,,"0.62",,"0.60",,,"5.34""0.08",,,"0.71",,"0.65",,,"5.79""0.09",,,"0.80",,"0.70",,,"6.23""0.10","18~300",,"0.89",,"0.75",,,"6.68""0.12",,,"1.07",,"0.80",,,"7.12""0.15",,,"1.34",,"0.85",,,"7.57""0.18",,,"1.60",,"0.90",,,"8.01""0.20",,,"1.78",,"1.00",,,"8.90""0.22",,,"1.96",,"1.10",,,"9.79""0.25",,,"2.23",,"1.20",,"≥7","10.68""0.30",,,"2.67",,"1.30",,,"11.57""0.35",,,"3.12",,"14.40",,,"12.46""0.40",,,"3.56",,"1.50",,,"13.35""0.45",,,"4.01""注 纯铜带的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4,TUP,其化学成分符合YB145-71的规定.""铝带""9,铝带""宽 度 (mm)","厚 度 (mm)","3","4","5","6","8","10","12","重 量 (kg/m)""10","0.080","0.107","0.134 0.161 0.268 0.335 0.402 0.536 0.670 0.804 1.072 1.340 1.608","0.161","0.214","0.268","0.322""12","0.096","0.129",,"0.193","0.257","0.322","0.386""15","0.121","0.161",,"0.241","0.322","0.402","0.482""20","0.161","0.214",,"0.322","0.429","0.568","0.643""25","0.201","0.268",,"0.402","0.568","0.670","0.804""30","0.241","0.332",,"0.482","0.643","0.804","0.965""40","0.322","0.429",,"0.643","0.858","1.072","1.286""50","0.402","0.536",,"0.804","1.072","1.340","1.608""60","0.482","0.643",,"0.965","1.286","1.608","1.930""80","0.643","0.858",,"1.286","1.715","2.144","2.573""100","0.804","1.072",,"1.608","2.144","2.680","3.216""120","0.965","1.286",,"1.930","2.573","3.216","3.859""注 表中重量系以LY11,LY12,(比重2.8)为准,其他合金应乘以下列系数:"" L1~L6-0.967;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975.""热轧铜条""1,热轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""4.0","200~500","≥1000","35.60",,"8.0","200~500","≥1000","71.20""4.5",,,"40.05",,"9.0",,,"80.10""5.0",,,"44.05",,"10.0",,,"89.0""5.5",,,"48.95",,"11.0",,,"97.9""6.0",,,"53.40",,"12.0",,,"106.8""6.5",,,"57.85",,"13.0",,,"115.7""7.0",,,"62.30",,"14.0",,,"124.6""7.5",,,"66.75",,"15.0",,,"133.5""英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""(二)英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm""0","0.324","8.230",,"14","0.080","2.032",,"28","0.0148","0.376""1","0.300","7.020",,"15","0.072","1.829",,"29","0.0136","0.345""2","0.276","7.010",,"16","0.064","1.626",,"30","0.0124","0.315""3","0.252","6.401",,"17","0.056","1.422",,"31","0.0116","0.295""4","0.232","5.893",,"18","0.048","1.219",,"32","0.0108","0.274""5","0.212","5.385",,"19","0.040","1.016",,"33","0.0100","0.254""6","0.192","4.877",,"20","0.036","0.914",,"34","0.0092","0.234""7","0.176","4.470",,"21","0.032","0.813",,"35","0.0084","0.213""8","0.160","4.064",,"22","0.028","0.711",,"36","0.0076","0.193""9","0.144","3.658",,"23","0.024","0.610",,"37","0.0068","0.173""10","0.128","3.251",,"24","0.022","0.559",,"38","0.0060","0.152""11","0.116","2.946",,"25","0.020","0.508",,"39","0.0052","0.132"12,"0.104","2.642",,"26","0.018","0.457",,"40","0.0048","0.122"13,"0.092","2.337",,"27","0.0164","0.417",,"41","0.0044","0.112""刺钢丝""三)刺钢丝规格和重量""说 明 和 用 途",,"钢丝划号 (号)","刺间距离 (mm)","每kg长度 (m)","重量 (kg/km)""刺钢丝又名刺铁丝,俗称"花园铅丝"(因常作花园围墙篱笆之用,故名),系以镀锌钢丝经机器铰缠而成(一般用#12或#14钢丝制作).适于作各种围墙(尤其是公园围墙和临时建筑场地 的围墙)篱笆或障碍物用.",,"12","65","6.4","156",,,"75","7.2","139",,,"100","7.9","127",,,"125","8.6","116",,"14","65","10.9","91.8",,,"75","11.5","86.9",,,"100","13.0","76.9",,,"125","14.0","71.4""注 (1)刺钢丝规格的注写方法为"钢丝直径(号数)x尖数x刺间距离",或"钢丝直径(号数)x刺间距离"."" (2)表列刺钢丝的"每kg长度"和"重量",仅供参考.""刻痕钢丝""四)刻痕钢丝规格和重量""直径 (mm)","断面积 (mm2)","重量 (kg/m)"," 抗 拉 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,"屈 服 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,,"I组","II组","I组","II组""2.5","4.90","0.034","190","160","152","128""3","7.06","0.056","180","150","144","120""4","12.56","0.094","170","140","136","112""5","19.63","0.150","160","130","126","104""注 刻痕钢丝是由预应力混凝土结构用碳素钢丝(冷拔高强度钢丝)在经特制的"刻痕机"进行刻痕而制成的"" 预应力钢筋混凝土结构用的钢丝.""钢丝网""五)钢丝网规格和重量""号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)"20,"1.6","1.5",,"6","2.0","6.7",,"2.5","0.7","2.0",,"1","0.3","0.9","3.0","5.1",,"5.5","0.5","0.6",,"2.2","0.45","1.0",,,"0.35","1.2""18","1.6","1.7",,,"1.6","4.7",,,"0.6","1.6",,"0.9","0.25","0.7","3.0","5.7",,,"2.0","7.2",,,"0.8","2.9",,,"0.3","1.0""16","1.6","1.9",,"5","0.7","1.1",,"2","0.4","0.9",,,"0.4","1.6","3.0","6.3",,,"1.4","4.1",,,"0.5","1.3",,"0.8","0.22","0.6""14","1.4","1.7",,,"2.2","8.9",,,"0.6","1.9",,,"0.28","0.9","2.5","4.9",,"4.5","0.5","0.7",,,"1.2","6.0",,,"0.3","1.0""12","1.2","1.4",,,"1.0","2.3",,"1.8","0.4","0.9",,"0.7","0.2","0.6","2.5","5.7",,,"1.8","6.8",,,"0.5","1.4",,,"0.25","0.9""11","1.2","1.5",,"4","0.6","1.0",,,"0.7","2.6",,,"0.30","1.2","2.5","6.1",,,"1.0","2.6",,"1.6","0.3","0.6",,"0.63","0.22","0.7""10","1.0","1.2",,,"1.4","4.8",,,"0.4","1.0",,,"0.25","0.9","2.5","6.6",,"3.5","0.7","1.5",,,"0.45","1.3",,,"0.28","1.2""9","1.0","1.3",,,"1.0","2.9",,"1.4","0.30","0.7",,"0.56","0.22","0.8","2.2","5.7",,,"1.2","4.0",,,"0.35","0.9",,,"0.25","1.0""8","0.7","0.7",,"3.2","0.45","0.7",,,"0.65","2.7",,,"0.28","1.2","1.2","2.1",,,"0.9","2.7",,"1.2","0.28","0.7",,"0.5","0.22","0.9","1.8","4.5",,,"1.2","4.3",,,"0.35","1.0",,,"0.25","1.1""7","0.7","0.8",,"2.8","0.4","0.7",,,"0.4","1.3",,,"0.3","1.5","1.2","2.3",,,"0.7","1.8",,"1.1","0.28","0.7",,"0.45","0.2","0.8","1.8","5.0",,,"1.0","3.6",,,"0.35","1.1",,,"0.25","1.2""6","0.7","0.9",,"2.5","0.4","0.7",,,"0.40","1.4",,,"0.2","0.9","1.2","2.7",,,"0.5","1.1",,"1","0.25","0.7",,"0.4","0.25","1.3""钢板网""六)钢板网规格和重量""品 种","规 格 (mm)",,,,,,"每张大约重量(kg)","生产单位","丝梗厚度 h","孔眼宽度 T","丝梗宽度 b","节 距 t","网面宽度 B","网面长度 L""小","0.5","9","1","25","1800","600","0.875","上海中国钢板网厂",,,,,"2000",,"0.875","0.6","9","1","25","1800","600","1.000",,,,,"2000",,"1.125","0.7","9","1","25","1800","600","1.125",,,,,"2000",,"1.250""网","0.75","9","1","25","1800","600","1.250",,,,,"2000",,"1.375","0.8","9","1","25","1800","600","1.375",,,,,"2000",,"1.500","1","9","1","25","1500","600","1.625",,,,,"1800",,"1.875",,,,,"2000",,"2.125""大","0.5","7","1.2","2.5","1800","2800","5.85","上海中国钢板网厂","1","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","11.70",,"9","1.2","25","1500","3000","7.95",,,,,"1800","3600","11.70",,"9","1.1","25","2000","4000","14.76",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","11.70",,,,,"2000","4000","14.60","1.2","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","14.04",,"9","1.2","25","1800","3600","14.04",,,"1.1","25","2000","4000","17.71",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","14.04""网",,,,,"2000","4000","17.71","1.5","11","1.6","40","1800","3600","17.55",,"17","2.3","65","2000","4000","22.14","2","17","2.3","65","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"22","3.0","75","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"27","3.8","100","2000","4000","29.52","3","36","4.6","115","2000","4000","44.28",,"45","6.1","150""钢丝纱""七)钢丝纱(窗纱)规格和重量""规 格","面 积(m2/卷)","重 量",,"(kg/卷)","(kg/m2)""14目3x100","27.87","12.5","0.448""14目4x100","37.16","16.6","0.448""16目3x100",27.87,13.5,"0.484""16目4x100",37.16,"18.0","0.484""紫铜丝布""(八)紫铜丝布(紫铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","22","2.691",,"30","30","2.5116",,"65","36","1.9734""10","24","2.691",,"35","31","1.9734",,"70","36","1.9734""12","24","3.0498",,"40","32","1.9734",,"75","37","1.9734""16","26","2.1528",,"45","33","1.9734",,"80","37","1.9734""20","27","2.1528",,"50","34","1.9734",,"100","39","1.7940""24","30","2.1528",,"55","35","1.9734""28","30","2.3322",,"60","35","1.7940""黄铜丝布""(九)黄铜丝布(黄铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","24","1.5787",,"24","34","0.8611",,"50","38","0.6458""10","26","1.2375",,"26","34","0.8252",,"60","41","0.3947""12","27","1.2558",,"28","36","0.5386",,"70","42","0.3347""14","27","1.3276",,"30","36","0.5741",,"80","43","0.3767""16","32","0.6100",,"32","36","0.6100",,"90","43","0.4306""18","33","0.6100",,"34","36","0.6279",,"100","43","0.5023""20","33","0.7176",,"36","36","0.7176",,"110","44","0.3347""22","33","0.8611",,"40","36","0.4844",,"120","44","0.4485""铝及铝合金直角角型材""1,铝及铝合金直角角型材(XC111)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b"1,"12","1","0.234","0.065",,"25","25","1.3","0.734","0.204",,"49","38.3","5","3.590","0.998"2,"12","2","0.440","0.122",,"26","25","1.6","0.777","0.216",,"50","38.3","6.3","4.444","1.235"3,"12.5","1.6","0.377","0.105",,"27","25","2","0.964","0.268",,"51","40","2","1.564","0.435"4,"15","1","0.294","0.082",,"28","25","2.5","1.189","0.331",,"52","40","2.5","1.944","0.540"5,"15","1.2","0.353","0.098",,"29","25","3","1.410","0.392",,"53","40","3","2.320","0.645"6,"15","1.5","0.434","0.121",,"30","25","3.2","1.509","0.429",,"54","40","3.5","2.671","0.743"7,"15","2","0.564","0.157",,"31","25","3.5","1.641","0.456",,"55","40","3.5","2.694","0.749"8,"15","3","0.820","0.223",,"32","25","4","1.857","0.516",,"56","40","4","3.057","0.850"9,"16","1.6","0.429","0.119",,"33","25","5","2.242","0.623",,"57","40","5","3.750","1.043"10,"16","2.4","0.726","0.202",,"34","27","2","1.041","0.289",,"58","45","4","3.475","0.961"11,"18","1.5","0.524","0.146",,"35","27","2","1.090","0.303",,"59","45","5","4.277","1.189"12,"18","2","0.684","0.190",,"36","30","1.5","0.884","0.246",,"60","50","3","2.920","0.812"13,"19","1.6","0.585","0.163",,"37","30","2","1.164","0.324",,"61","50","4","3.857","1.072"14,"19","2.4","0.861","0.239",,"38","30","2.5","1.438","0.400",,"62","50","5","4.777","1.328"15,"19","3.2","1.125","0.313",,"39","30","3","1.720","0.478",,"63","50","6","5.655","1.572"16,"20","1","0.397","0.110",,"40","30","4","2.240","0.623",,"64","50","6.5","6.110","1.699"17,"20","1.2","0.473","0.131",,"41","32","2.4","1.491","0.415",,"65","50","12","10.600","2.947"18,"20","1.5","0.584","0.162",,"42","32","3.2","1.957","0.554",,"66","60","5","5.777","1.606"19,"20","2","0.764","0.212",,"43","32","3.5","2.131","0.592",,"67","60","6","6.855","1.906"20,"20","3","1.140","0.137",,"44","32","6.5","3.723","1.036",,"68","75","7","10.010","2.783"21,"20","4","1.475","0.410",,"45","35","3","2.005","0.557",,"69","75","8","11.360","3.158"22,"20.5","1.6","0.633","0.176",,"46","35","4","2.657","0.739",,"70","75","10","14.000","3.892"23,"23","2","0.680","0.245",,"47","38","2.4","1.773","0.498",,"71","90","5","8.750","2.433"24,"25","1.2","0.597","0.166",,"48","38.3","3.5","2.562","0.712",,"72","90","8","13.760","3.825""注 (1)铝及铝合金型材的尺寸,规格等摘自冶金工业部1970年颁发的《铝及铝镁合金挤压型材》."" (2)表内理论重量均按LY12合金比重(2.78)进行计算,其他材料的比重及换算系数如下:L1~L7(2.71)-0.975;"" LF2(2.68)-0.964;LF11(2.65)-0.953;LF21(2.73)-0.982;LD2(2.70)-0.971;"" LY11(2.80)-1.007;LY12(2.78)-1.000."" (3)铝型材主要生产单位有哈尔滨和西北铝加工厂等.西北铝加工厂的产品断面为100~400cm2,宽度小于530mm."" (4)铝及铝合金型材规格的表示方法是型材类别组号加序号,如XC111-4,其中,XC表示型材,后面的数字依次为"" 类别,组号,连字符后的数字为顺序号.""铝及铝合金直丁字型材""2,铝及铝合金直丁字型材(XC211)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"15","25","1","0.405","0.113",,"34","32","45","3","2.259","0.628"2,"19","50","2","1.378","0.383",,"35","32","48","2.4","1.874","0.521"3,"20","20","2","0.760","0.211",,"36","32","50","3","2.423","0.674"4,"20","30","1.5","0.740","0.206",,"37","35","32","1.5","1.000","0.278"5,"20","35","2","1.060","0.295",,"38","35","35","4","2.713","0.754"6,"20","37","2","1.117","0.311",,"39","35","40","2","1.468","0.408"7,"20","42","2","1.200","0.334",,"40","37","42","2","1.500","0.417"8,"20","42","2","1.240","0.345",,"41","38","44","5","3.910","1.087"9,"20","45","2","1.860","0.517",,"42","38","50","3.5","3.026","0.841"10,"20","90","2","2.160","0.600",,"43","38","50","4.8","3.990","1.109"11,"21","53","1.8","1.300","0.361",,"44","39","75","5","5.510","1.532"12,"22","48","1.4","1.960","0.267",,"45","40","36","5","3.350","0.933"13,"25","29","1.6","0.847","0.25",,"46","40","45","3","2.479","0.689"14,"25","35","1.5","0.890","0.247",,"47","40","45","4","3.274","0.910"15,"25","38","2.5","1.510","0.420",,"48","40","68","3","3.300","0.917"16,"25","40","2","1.280","0.356",,"49","40","130","6","9.840","2.736"17,"25","45","2.5","1.726","0.480",,"50","42","64","4","4.100","1.140"18,"25","45","3","2.019","0.561",,"51","45","40","2.2","1.860","0.517"19,"25","45","4","2.708","0.753",,"52","50","70","4","4.640","1.300"20,"25","48","1.4","1.012","0.288",,"53","51","51","2.4","2.443","0.679"21,"25","48","1.5","1.082","0.301",,"54","54","50","3","3.040","0.845"22,"25","50","2","1.499","0.417",,"55","54","68","3","3.608","1.003"23,"25","50","2.5","1.851","0.515",,"56","64","50","5","5.781","1.607"24,"26","38","2.5","1.554","0.432",,"57","63","50","2","2.320","0.645"25,"27","70","2","1.920","0.534",,"58","70","37","2","2.100","0.584"26,"29","38","1.6","1.055","0.293",,"59","70","55","2","2.460","0.684"27,"29","58","2.5","2.180","0.606",,"60","74","66","6","8.080","2.246"28,"29","58","3.5","2.991","0.831",,"61","75","40","3","3.400","0.945"29,"30","40","1.5","1.040","0.289",,"62","80","50","2","2.560","0.712"30,"30","40","2","1.370","0.381",,"63","80","60","3","4.110","1.143"31,"30","45","3","2.150","0.597",,"64","83","50","3","3.953","1.099"32,"30","56","4","3.280","0.912",,"65","90","77","10","15.700","4.365"33,"30","68","6.5","6.100","1.696""热轧铜板""1,热轧铜板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽 度 (mm)",,,,,,,,"理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)","600~900","1000~1200","1300~1500","1600~1800","1900~2200","2300~2500","2600~2800","2900~3000","最 大 长 度 (mm)""5.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"44.50""5.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"48.95""6.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"53.40""6.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"57.85""7.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"62.30""7.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"66.75""8.0","4000","5000","6000","5500","4800","4200","3700","3500","71.20""9.0","4000","5000","6000","5000","4200","3700","3300","3100","80.10""10.0","4000","5000","5500","4500","3800","3300","3000","3000","89.0""11.0","4000","5000","5000","4000","3400","3300","2800",,"97.9""12.0","4000","5000","4500","3800","3100","2800",,,"106.8""13.0","4000","5000","4000","3600","2900",,,,"115.7""14.0","4000","4500","3800","3300","2700",,,,"124.6""15.0","4500","4300","3600","3100","2500",,,,"133.5""16.0","4500","4300","3400","2000","2400",,,,"142.4""17.0","4500","4000","3200","2700","2200",,,,"151.3""18.0","4500","3900","3000","2600",,,,,"160.2""19.0","4500","3700","2800","2400",,,,,"169.1""20.0","4500","3500","2600","2300",,,,,"178.0""21.0","4000","3300","2500","2200",,,,,"186.9""22.0","4000","3000","2400","2100",,,,,"195.8""23.0","4000","3000","2400","2000",,,,,"204.7""24.0","3500","2800","2200","1900",,,,,"213.6""25.0","3500","2800","2000","1800",,,,,"222.5""注 热轧板的宽度按100mm进级.""铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材(XC511)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积 (mm2)","理论重量 (kg/m)","H","B","b"1,"23","38","1.2","1.178","0.327"2,"26","34.5","3.5","3.157","0.875"3,"57","48","8","11.000","3.058"4,"68","38","2.5","3.509","0.976"5,"86","60","6","11.600","3.225""铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材(XC411)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"12.7","15.9","1.6","0.688","0.191",,11,"38","25","3","2.613","0.726"2,"20","15","1.2","0.578","0.163",,12,"44","25","4","3.690","1.001"3,"20","15","1.5","0.721","0.200",,13,"50","19","2.5","2.102","0.584"4,"25","18","1.5","0.885","0.246",,14,"80","30","3","4.020","1.118"5,"25","23","3.5","2.267","0.630",,15,"80","35","4","5.680","1.579"6,"31","25","2.5","1.900","0.528",,16,"80","40","4","6.080","1.690"7,"32","14","1.9","1.000","0.303",,17,"100","30","3","4.620","1.284"8,"34","25","3.5","2.764","0.768",,18,"100","35","4","6.480","1.801"9,"36","26","2.5","2.075","0.577",,19,"100","40","4","6.880","1.913"10,"36","31.5","3.2","2.960","0.823""铝及铝合金槽形型材""3,铝及铝合金槽形型材(XC311)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"13","13","1.6","0.561","0.156",,"31","45","40","3","3.638","1.011"2,"13","34","3.5","2.579","0.717",,"32","46","25","5","4.300","1.195"3,"20","15","1.3","0.620","0.172",,"33","50","20","4","5.331","0.926"4,"21","28","4","2.868","0.797",,"34","50","30","2","2.120","0.589"5,"25","13","2.4","1.134","0.315",,"35","50","30","4","4.131","1.148"6,"25","15","1.5","0.795","0.221",,"36","55","25","5","4.819","1.340"7,"25","18","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"37","55","30","3","3.299","0.917"8,"25","18","2","1.140","0.317",,"38","60","25","4","4.131","1.148"9,"25","20","2.5","1.520","0.423",,"39","60","35","5","6.000","1.668"10,"25","20","4","2.280","0.634",,"40","60","40","4","4.480","1.245"11,"25","25","5","3.250","0.904",,"41","63","38.3","4.8","6.275","1.744"12,"30","15","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"42","64","38","4","5.300","1.473"13,"30","18","1.5","0.960","0.267",,"43","70","25","3","3.449","0.959"14,"30","20","2","1.335","0.371",,"44","70","25","5","5.500","1.529"15,"30","22","6","3.870","1.076",,"45","70","26","3.2","3.700","1.028"16,"32","25","1.8","1.437","0.399",,"46","70","30","4","4.931","1.371"17,"32","25","2.5","1.925","0.535",,"47","70","40","5","7.080","1.968"18,"35","20","2.5","1.770","0.492",,"48","75","45","5","7.831","2.177"19,"35","30","2","1.833","0.510",,"49","80","30","4.5","6.010","1.671"20,"38","50","5","6.560","1.824",,"50","80","35","4.5","6.414","1.783"21,"40","18","2","1.453","0.404",,"51","80","35","6","8.280","2.302"22,"40","18","2.5","1.795","0.499",,"52","80","40","4","6.131","1.704"23,"40","18","3","2.129","0.592",,"53","80","40","6","8.900","2.474"24,"40","21","4","2.960","0.823",,"54","80","60","4","7.480","2.079"25,"40","25","2","1.730","0.481",,"55","90","50","6","10.680","2.969"26,"40","25","3","2.549","0.709",,"56","100","40","6","10.080","2.802"27,"40","30","3.5","3.250","0.904",,"57","100","48","6.3","11.550","3.211"28,"40","32","3","2.978","0.828",,"58","100","50","5","9.580","2.663"29,"40","50","4","5.280","1.468",,"59","128","40","9","17.100","4.754"30,"45","20","3","2.370","0.659""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管1""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","0.25","0.30","0.40","0.50","0.60","0.80","1.0","1.2",1.4,"1.5",1.6,1.8,"2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""50",,,,,,,"1.21","1.44","1.68","1.79","1.91","2.14","2.37","2.59","2.93","3.25","3.48","3.70","4.01","4.54","5.05","5.55""(51)",,,,,,,"1.23","1.47","1.71","1.83","1.96","2.18","2.42","2.64","2.99","3.32","3.55","3.79","4.10","4.64","5.16","5.67""53",,,,,,,"1.28","1.53","1.78","1.91","2.03","2.27","2.52","2.76","3.11","3.46","3.70","3.94","4.27","4.83","5.38","5.92""(54)",,,,,,,"1.31","1.59","1.82","1.94","2.07","2.31","2.56","2.81","3.18","3.53","3.77","4.02","4.36","4.93","5.49","6.04""56",,,,,,,"1.36","1.62","1.89","2.02","2.15","2.40","2.66","2.92","3.30","3.66","3.92","4.17","4.53","5.13","5.71","6.29""(57)",,,,,,,"1.38","1.65","1.92","2.05","2.18","2.45","2.71","2.97","3.36","3.74","4.00","4.25","4.62","5.23","5.83","6.41""60",,,,,,,"1.46","1.74","2.02","2.16","2.31","2.58","2.86","3.13","3.55","3.94","4.22","4.49","4.88","5.52","6.16","6.78""63",,,,,,,"1.53","1.83","2.13","2.27","2.42","2.71","3.01","3.30","3.72","4.15","4.44","4.73","5.13","5.81","6.49","7.14""65",,,,,,,"1.58","1.89","2.20","2.35","2.50","2.80","3.11","3.40","3.85","4.29","4.59","4.89","5.31","6.02","6.71","7.40""(68)",,,,,,,"1.65","1.98","2.36","2.46","2.62","2.93","3.26","3.57","4.04","4.49","4.81","5.12","5.57","6.31","7.05","7.77""70",,,,,,,"1.70","2.03","2.37","2.53","2.70","3.02","3.35","3.68","4.16","4.36","4.96","5.23","5.74","6.51","7.27","8.01""(73)",,,,,,,"1.78","2.12","2.47","2.64","2.82","3.16","3.50","3.84","4.35","4.84","5.18","5.52","6.00","6.81","7.60","8.38""75",,,,,,,"1.82","2.18","2.54","2.71","2.90","3.24","3.60","3.95","4.46","4.97","5.32","5.68","6.17","7.00","7.82","8.62""(76)",,,,,,,"1.85","2.21","2.57","2.76","2.94","3.29","3.65","4.00","4.53","5.05","5.40","5.75","6.26","7.10","7.93","8.75""80",,,,,,,,,"2.71","2.90","3.09","3.47","3.84","4.22","4.77","5.32","5.69","6.07","6.60","7.49","8.37","9.24""(83)",,,,,,,,,"2.82","3.02","3.21","3.60","4.00","4.37","4.96","5.52","5.92","6.31","6.86","7.79","8.71","9.62""85",,,,,,,,,"2.88","3.08","3.29","3.69","4.09","4.48","5.08","5.66","6.06","6.46","7.04","7.98","8.93","9.83""(89)",,,,,,,,,"3.02","3.24","3.45","3.86","4.29","4.70","5.33","5.94","6.36","6.77","7.38","8.38","9.38","10.33""90",,,,,,,,,"3.05","3.27","3.49","3.91","4.34","4.76","5.39","6.01","6.43","6.86","7.47","8.47","9.49","10.47""95",,,,,,,,,"3.21","3.46","3.68","4.13","4.59","5.02","5.70","6.36","6.81","7.26","7.90","8.98","10.04","11.10"100,,,,,,,,,"3.40","3.64","3.88","4.35","4.83","5.30","6.00","6.70","7.17","7.65","8.32","9.46","10.59","11.70""(102)",,,,,,,,,"3.46","3.73","3.97","4.45","4.93","5.40","6.13","6.84","7.32","7.81","8.50","9.67","10.82","11.96""(108)",,,,,,,,,"3.67","3.95","4.21","4.72","5.23","5.74","6.50","7.25","7.77","8.29","9.02","10.26","11.49","12.70"110,,,,,,,,,"3.74","4.03","4.28","4.81","5.32","5.84","6.62","7.39","7.92","8.43","9.19","10.46","11.70","12.93"120,,,,,,,,,,"4.36","4.66","5.25","5.83","6.38","7.24","8.07","8.66","9.22","10.06","11.44","12.93","14.30"125,,,,,,,,,,,,"5.46","6.06","6.64","7.54","8.42","9.02","9.61","10.50","11.91","13.37","14.80"130,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"7.86","8.78","9.40","10.00","10.92","12.43","13.92","15.48""(133)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"8.05","8.98","9.59","10.25","11.18","12.75","14.26","15.75"140,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.11","10.79","11.80","13.42","15.05","16.65"150,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.85","11.52","12.65","14.39","16.11","17.85"160,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"13.53","15.38","17.25","19.09"170,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"14.31","16.31","18.35","20.30"180,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"15.20","17.30","19.50","21.59"190,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"18.29","20.60","22.80"200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"19.67","21.65","24.00""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管2""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","5.5","6.0","6.5","7.0","7.5","8.0","8.5","9","9.5","10",11,12,"钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""5""6""7""8""9""10","0.518","0.536","0.561""11","0.592","0.615","0.647""12","0.666","0.694","0.734","0.789""(13)","0.740","0.774","0.820","0.888""14","0.814","0.852","0.906","0.986""(15)","0.888","0.932","0.993","1.09","1.17","1.23""16","0.962","1.10","1.08","1.18","1.28","1.35""(17)","1.04","1.09","1.17","1.28","1.39","1.48""18","1.11","1.17","1.25","1.38","1.50","1.60""(19)","1.18","1.25","1.34","1.48","1.61","1.73","1.54","1.92""20","1.26","1.33","1.42","1.58","1.72","1.85","1.97","2.07""(21)","1.33","1.41","1.51","1.68","1.83","1.97","2.10","2.22""22","1.41","1.49","1.60","1.77","1.94","2.10","2.24","2.37""(23)","1.48","1.57","1.68","1.87","2.05","2.22","2.37","2.52""(24)","1.55","1.64","1.77","1.97","2.16","2.34","2.51","2.66","2.81","2.93""25","1.63","1.72","1.86","2.07","2.28","2.47","2.64","2.81","2.97","3.11""(27)","1.78","1.88","2.03","2.27","2.50","2.71","2.92","3.11","3.29","3.45""28","1.85","1.96","2.11","2.37","2.61","2.84","3.05","3.26","3.45","3.68""29","1.92","2.02","2.20","2.47","2.72","2.96","3.19","3.40","3.60","3.80","3.98""30","2.00","2.12","2.29","2.56","2.83","3.08","3.32","3.55","3.77","3.97","4.16","4.34""32","2.15","1.28","2.46","2.76","3.05","3.33","3.59","3.85","4.09","4.32","4.53","4.74""34","2.29","2.43","2.63","2.96","3.27","3.58","3.87","4.14","4.41","4.66","4.90","5.13""(35)","2.37","2.51","2.72","3.06","3.38","3.70","4.00","4.29","4.57","4.83","5.09","5.33""36","2.44","2.59","2.81","3.16","3.50","3.82","4.14","4.44","4.73","5.01","5.27","5.52""38","2.59","2.75","2.98","3.35","3.72","4.07","4.41","4.74","5.05","5.35","5.64","5.92","6.18","6.44""40","2.74","2.91","3.15","3.55","3.94","4.32","4.68","5.03","5.37","5.70","6.01","6.31","6.60","6.88""42","2.89","3.07","3.32","3.75","4.16","4.56","4.95","5.33","5.69","6.04","6.38","6.71","7.02","7.32""44.5","3.07","3.25","3.54","4.00","4.44","4.87","5.29","5.70","6.09","6.47","6.84","7.20","7.55","7.88""45","3.11","3.31","3.58","4.04","4.49","4.93","5.36","5.77","6.17","6.56","6.94","7.30","7.65","7.99","8.32","8.63""48","3.33","3.54","3.84","4.34","4.83","5.30","5.76","6.21","6.65","7.08","7.49","7.89","8.28","8.66","9.03","9.57""水,煤气输送钢管""1,水,煤气输送钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)234-63]""公称内径",,"钢 管 螺 纹",,"外径 (mm)","普通管",,"加厚管""mm","(in.)",,"壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)","壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)""6","1/8''","10","2","0.89","2.50","0.46""8","1/4''","13.5","2.25","0.62","2.75","0.73""10","3/8''","17","2.25","0.82","2.75","0.97""15","1/2''","21.25","2.75","1.25","3.25","1.44""20","3/4''","26.75","2.75","1.63","3.5","2.01""25","1''","33.5","3.25","2.42","4","2.91""32","1 1''/4","42.25","3.25","3.13","4","3.77""40","1 1''/2","48","3.5","3.84","4.25","4.58""50","2''","60","3.5","4.88","4.5","6.16""70","2 1''/2","75.5","3.75","6.64","4.5","7.88""80","3''","88.5","4","8.34","4.75","9.81""100","4''","114","4","10.85","5","13.44""125","5''","140","4.5","15.04","5.5","18.24""150","6''","165","4.5","17.81","5.5","21.63""注(1)表列钢管是适用于输送水,煤气及采暖系统等用的钢管.分镀锌和不镀锌(黑管)两种;又分带螺纹和"" 不带螺纹两种;按壁厚可分为普通钢管,加厚钢管和薄壁钢管."" (2)钢管的长度规定为:无螺纹的黑管4~12m;带螺纹的黑管和镀锌管4~9m.每批允许有10%的(按根数计算)"" 2~4m长的短尺钢管或4~9m米长的接管(即用一个管接头将两根钢管连接而成)."" (3)经供需双方协议,可供应定尺长度或倍尺长度的钢管.其最大长度可到8m.按倍尺交货的钢管,每个单"" 倍尺应留切口5~10mm."" (4)钢管用易焊接的软钢制造,钢号和制造方法(炉焊或电焊)均由制造厂选择."" (5)钢管应能承受下列规定压力的水压试验:普通钢管和薄壁钢管:20kg/cm2;加厚钢管30kg/cm2.""电丝套管""2,电丝套管规格,重量表""名称","外径 (mm)","近似内径 (mm)","管壁厚度 (mm)","重量 (kg/m)","每吨长度 (m/t)""5/8''","15.9","12.3","1.8","0.626","1597.44""3/4''","19.1","15.5","1.8","0.627","1302.08""1''","25.4","21.8","1.8","0.628","954.20""1 1''/4","31.8","28.2","1.8","0.629","750.75""1 1''/2","38.1","34.5","1.8","0.630","620.73""电焊钢管""电焊钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)242-68]""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)",0.5,0.6,0.8,"1.0","1.2","1.4","1.5","1.6","1.8","2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","3.8","4.0",4.2,4.5,4.8,"5.0",5.5,"钢 管 的 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""(5)","0.055","0.065","0.083","0.099""(6)","0.068","0.080","0.108","0.123""(7)","0.080","0.095","0.122","0.148""(8)","0.092","0.110","0.142","0.173","(0.202)""(9)","0.105","0.125","0.162","0.197","0.231""10","0.117","0.139","0.182","0.222","(0.261)""(11)","0.129","0.154","0.201","0.247","0.290""12","0.142","0.169","0.221","0.271","0.320","0.365","(0.388)","0.411""(13)",,"0.184","0.241","0.296","0.349","0.400","0.425","0.451""(14)",,"0.199","0.260","0.321","0.379","0.434","0.462","0.490""15",,"0.214","0.280","0.345","0.409","0.468","(0.499)","0.529""16",,"0.228","0.300","0.370","0.438","0.503","(0.536)","0.568""(17)",,"0.244","0.320","0.395","0.468","0.537","0.573","0.608""18",,"0.258","0.340","0.419","0.497","0..572","(0.610)","0.647","(0.717)","(0.789)""(19)",,"0.274","0.359","0.444","0.527","0

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在20-40吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。　　　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。　　　　简单来说，冷轧，是在热轧板卷的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧---酸洗---冷轧这样的加工过程。　　　　冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由于热轧经过连续冷变型而成的冷轧，在机械性能比较差，硬度太高。必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。　　　　冷轧一般都会经过退火处理。

冷轧薄钢板，简称冷轧钢板、冷轧薄板、冷轧板、冷板等。它还包括不锈钢板、弹簧钢板、硬钢片、镀锌板、镀锡板、镀铝板等。冷轧薄钢带，简称冷轧钢带、冷轧带钢、钢带、带钢、薄钢带、冷轧卷等。还包括不锈钢带、镀锌钢带、镀锡钢带等。 冷轧钢板标准 冷轧薄钢板、钢带（以下简称冷轧薄板）主要用于零件的冲压加工，而冷轧薄板的力学性能十分重要，它直接关系到板材的冲压性能。冷轧薄板是以不同的热处理状态分级的，不同硬度的材料，用于不同的加工方法，国家标准GB/T 13237-1991《优质碳素结构钢冷轧薄钢板和钢带》将冷轧薄板大致分为三级，P级用于普通冲压，S级用于深度冲压，Z级用于最深度冲压。中国冶金标准YB/T 5059-1993《低碳钢冷轧钢带》将薄钢板按硬度分为五级，即：TR（特级）、R（软）、BR（半软）、DY（低硬）和Y（冷硬）。其实通过一定的冷轧变形程度和冷轧后热处理的恰当配合，可以在广泛的范围内满足用户关于材料力学性能方面的要求。冷轧薄板根据用户加工上的要求可以分成更多的级别。例如：日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》的分类除分为一般用（spcc）、冲压用(spcd)和深冲压用（spce）三类外，还细分为退火、标准调质、1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬、全硬等级别。 在冷轧薄板力学性能的检测方面，一些标准只规定了拉伸试验，另一些标准除拉伸试验外还规定了硬度试验。 中国标准GB/T 13237-1991就只规定了拉伸试验，技术要求冷轧钢板标准如表一所示：牌号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率不小于拉延级别Z－S和PZSP08F275～365275～38034323008,08Al,10F275～390275～41032302810295～410295～43030392815F315～430315～45029282715335～450335～47027262520355～490335～50026252425——390～540——242330——440～590——222135——490～635——201940——510～650————1845——530～680————1650——540～715————14 日本标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》（该标准中包含了冷轧薄钢板和钢带）规定了拉伸试验，也规定了硬度试验，该标准的力学性能要求如下：表二：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的拉伸试验质牌号抗拉强度/MPa 不小于 伸长率/%不小于试样按以下公称厚度/mm>=0.250.250.400.601.01.6>=2.5SPCC SPCD SPCE(270) 270 270(32) 34 36(34) 36 3836 38 40　 37 39 41 　　 (38) 40 42 　39 41 435号试样轧制方向 表三：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的硬度值。调质区分符号 硬度最大HRBHV退火A57105标准调质S65115 注：厚度小于0.6mm的钢板和钢带，原则上不进行拉伸试验。 表四：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬材料的拉伸试验值。调质区分 符号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率/%最小试样1/8硬8294～410255号试样轧制方向1/4硬4370～490101/2硬2440～590——硬1>=550——     表五：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬状态的硬度值。调质区分符号HRBHV1/8硬 1/4硬8450～7165～8095～130 115～1501/2硬 硬2174～89 ≥85135～185 ≥170注：HRB和HV，仅选用其中之一。英国标准BS 1449/1.9-1991《厚板、薄板和钢带第一部分：碳素钢和碳锰钢厚板、薄板和钢带具有成形性能的冷轧窄钢带技术条件》对冷轧板分级为CS1（铝镇静稳定化超深冲）、CS2（超深冲）、CS3（深冲）、CS4（折边）、CS15（商品级）。这项标准的力学性能要求如表六所示： 表六：钢材交货时的力学性能轧制状态和级别退火（A）或平整冷轧（SP）状态硬度HV1)2)最大屈服强度Re1)/MPa最小抗拉强度Rm1)/MPa最小伸长率A1)/%最小弯心直径1)（180°弯曲）原始标距LO50mm80mmCS1A9514027038（36）0aSP10514027036（34）0aCS2A9514027036（34）0a SP10014027036（34）0aCS3A100（140）（280）（34）（32）0aSP110（140）（280）（34）（32）0aCS4A105（140）（280）——0aSP115（140）（280）——0a 注：1）窄钢带交货应符合，或者硬度和弯曲试验，或者拉伸和弯曲试验，但硬度和拉伸试验不应同时进行。     2）对于SP（平整冷轧）状态，与镀层精整（PL）或镜面光洁度（MF），或以“无拉伸痕”交货的钢材组合，最大硬度可以提高5个HV或抗拉强度可以提高20MPa。     3）牌号CS2、CS3和CS4的硬度值仅适用于沸腾钢。 如上所述冷轧薄板的力学性能可以通过拉伸试验来检测，也可以通过硬度试验来检测。由于硬度试验设备简单、易于掌握，试验效率高，并且金属硬度与强度之间有一定的对应关系，所以硬度检测是确定材料力学性能的更方便的方法。冷轧薄板的硬度检测可以用于冷轧板生产过程的质量控制，更适于生产冲压产品的厂家对原材料进行力学性能的复检。 日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996规定的硬度试验是洛氏硬度HRB和维氏硬度HV。维氏硬度试验可用于冷轧薄板，但洛氏硬度HRB却不适用于测试薄板材料。因为当板材厚度小于2mm时，测试HRB硬度可能会因为发生“测砧效应”而使测量的硬度值失准。对于薄板材料，可以测试表面洛氏硬度HRN或HRT，然后换算成HRB或HV硬度。冷轧钢板标准生产了一种便携式表面洛氏硬度计，它非常适合测试薄板和钢带材料，它可以在生产现场、销售现场或材料仓库快速进行冷轧薄板材料的洛氏硬度检测，完成一次测量仅需要10秒钟时间，检测的板材厚度范围为0.05-50mm。这种仪器可以用在冷轧薄板带的生产线上，对产品的热处理效果进行在线的质量控制。这种仪器更适用于冲压产品的生产厂家。可以用它对购入的板材硬度进行复检，可以携带它去钢材市场选购材料，也可以利用它对自己厂生产的冲压产品进行硬度检测。 这种仪器如果配上一个支承座，还可以放到办公桌上使用。可以对成批的成品或半成品工件做逐件检测。它的测试精度与台式洛氏硬度计相同。 目前冷轧薄带材料正在向超薄方向发展，据报道，上海宝钢已扎制出厚度为0.08mm的冷轧薄板带材。采用本所生产的PHR-1S型表面洛氏硬度计，配一个金刚点砧座，就可测试薄至0.05mm冷轧薄板带材料的硬度。 这种应用完全可以取代维氏硬度计，使冷轧薄板材料的力学性能检测实现快速、简便、经济。

冷轧镀锌板，是一种镀锌钢板。钢板按轧制分为热轧和冷轧两种。冷轧板是平板状的，矩形的，可直接轧制而成的。冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧和热轧的区别： 1、冷轧成型钢允许截面出现局部屈曲，从而可以充分利用杆件屈曲后的承载力；而热轧型钢不允许截面发生局部屈曲。2、热轧型钢和冷轧型钢残余应力产生的原因不同，所以截面上的分布也有很大差异。冷弯薄壁型钢截面上的残余应力分布是弯曲型的，而热扎型钢或焊接型钢截面上残余应力分布是薄膜型。3、热轧型钢的自由扭转刚度比冷轧型钢高，所以热轧型钢的抗扭性能要优于冷轧型钢。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。冷轧镀锌板用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及 产业 设备、各种建筑材料。

铝蜂窝板商品均选用统一标准的预辊涂高等级铝合金卷材，联系多种生产工艺精制而成。 　　1、涂层技能 　　(1)选用独创的涂层烘烤技能，保证涂层的附着力以及色彩均匀性和饱和度。 　　(2)可根据需求提供需求的色彩，还可以提供各种特别涂层。 　　2、成型技能 　　(1)经过系列模具逐渐成型，充沛开释板材内部的应力。 　　(2)维护面板外表的涂层不受损害，更为经用。全部生产流程保证板材加工尺度的高精度。 　　(3)连续的热复合生产工艺高效快捷。 　　3、蜂窝复合技能 　　(1)源自现代航空的科技成果，分量更轻，但板材的强度更高。 　　(2)使用高温复合和面板热压技能，保证板材的整体性、强度和平整度。

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板。冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，冷轧钢板的密度不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。冷轧钢板的密度：热轧钢板含碳量可比冷轧钢板略高些。在成份相持不大的情况下密度是一样的。但如果成份相差悬殊，如不锈钢不论冷轧、热轧密度都在7.9g/cm3左右。具体还要看成份，热轧只是延展性更好，钢材同样受到压力作用

2008_04/temp_08042411546831.jpg">

（二）电工用冷轧硅钢薄板（GB2521-88）  　　用含硅0.8％-4.8％的电工硅钢为材质，经冷轧而成。  　　冷轧硅钢片分晶粒无取向和晶粒取向两种钢带。冷轧电工钢带具有表面平整、厚度均匀、叠装系数高、冲片性好等特点，且比热轧电工钢带磁感高、铁损低。用冷带代替热轧带制造电机或变压器，其重量和体积可减少0％-25％。若用冷轧取向带，性能更佳，用它代替热轧带或低档次冷轧带，可减少变压器电能消耗量45％-50％，且变压器工作性能更可靠。  　　用于制造电机和变压器。通常，晶粒无取向冷轧带用作电机或焊接变压器等的状态；晶粒取向冷轧带用作电源变压器、脉冲变压器和磁放大器等的铁芯。  　　钢板规格尺寸：厚度为0.35、0.50、0.65mm，宽度为800-1000mm，长度为≤2.0m。

①意图与作用：镀镍层首要作为铜层和金层之间的阻隔层，避免金铜相互分散，影响板子的可焊性和使用寿命；一起又镍层打底也大大增加了金层的机械强度；    ②全板电镀铜相关工艺参数：镀镍增加剂的增加一般依照千安小时的方法来弥补或许依据实践出产板作用，增加量大约200ml/KAH；图形电镀镍的电流核算一般按2安/平方分米乘以板上可电镀面积；镍缸温度维持在40-55度，一般温度在50度左右，因而镍缸要加装加温，温控体系；    ③工艺保护：    每日依据千安小时来及时弥补镀镍增加剂；查看过滤泵是否作业正常，有无漏气现象；每个2-3小时使用洁净的湿抹布将阴极导电杆擦拭洁净；每周要定时分析铜缸硫酸镍（镍）（1次/周），氯化镍（1次/周），（1次/周）含量，并经过霍尔槽实验来调整镀镍增加剂含量，并及时弥补相关质料；每周要清洗阳极导电杆，槽体两头电接头，及时弥补钛篮中的阳极镍角，用低电流0。2—0。5ASD电解6—8小时；每月应查看阳极的钛篮袋有无破损，破损者应及时替换；并查看阳极钛篮底部是否堆积有阳极泥，如有应及时整理洁净；并用碳芯接连过滤6—8小时，一起低电流电免除杂；每半年左右详细依据槽液污染情况决议是否需求大处理（活性炭粉）；每两周药替换过滤泵的滤芯；    ④大处理程序：A.取出阳极，将阳极倒出，清洗阳极，然后放在包装镍角的桶内，用微蚀剂粗化镍角表面至均匀粉红色即可，水洗冲干后，装入钛篮内，方入酸槽内备用B.将阳极钛篮和阳极袋放入10%碱液浸泡6—8小时，水洗冲干，再用5%稀硫酸浸泡，水洗冲干后备用；C.将槽液转移到备用槽内，参加1-3ml/L的30%的，开端加温，待温度加到65度左右翻开空气拌和，保温空气拌和2-4小时；D.关掉空气拌和，按3—5克/升将活性碳粉缓慢溶解到槽液中，待溶解完全后，翻开空气拌和，如此保温2—4小时；E.关掉空气拌和，加温，让活性碳粉渐渐沉积至槽底；F.待温度降至40度左右，用10um的PP滤芯加助滤粉过滤槽液至清洗洁净的作业槽内，翻开空气拌和，放入阳极，挂入电解板，按0。2-0。5ASD电流密度低电流电解6—8小时，G.经化验分析，调整槽中的硫酸镍或镍，氯化镍，含量至正常操作范围内；依据霍尔槽实验成果弥补镀镍增加剂；H.待电解板板面色彩均匀后，即可中止电解，然后按1-1。5ASD的电流密度进行电解处理10-20分钟活化一下阳极；I.试镀OK.即可；    ⑤弥补药品时，如增加量较大如硫酸镍或镍，氯化镍时，增加后应低电流电解一下；补加时应将弥补量的装入一洁净阳极袋挂入镍缸内即可，不行直接参加槽内；    ⑥镀镍后主张加一收回水洗，用纯水开缸，能够用来弥补镍缸因加温而蒸发的液位，收回水洗后接二级逆流漂洗；    ⑦药品增加核算公式：    硫酸镍（单位：公斤）=（280-X）×槽体积（升）/1000    氯化镍（单位：公斤）=（45-X）×槽体积（升）/1000    （单位：公斤）=（45-X）×槽体积（升）/1000

一种工艺用来生产有着高屈服强度和合适延展性的铝合金板材，特别是用于制造汽车的面板。这个工艺包括将没有经过热处理的铝合金铸造成一个铸坯，然后所述的铸坯经过一系列的轧制得到较终规格的板材，更好的选择是随后的热处理退后产生再结晶。轧制步骤包括热轧和中温轧制铸坯以得到中间厚度的中间制品，然后冷却中间制品，接着在室温到340摄氏度的范围内中温轧制以及冷轧中间制品得到较终的规格的板材。这一系列的轧制过程是连续进行的没有中间品的圈绕和对中间板材的完全退火。该发明还涉及合金制品的薄板。　　　　本发明涉及生产一种生产铝板材的工艺流程。特别是，本发明涉及通过轧制法从不经热处理合金中生产处适合成形的板材。例如，在制造汽车面板方面的5000系列铝合金。　　　　5000系列铝合金(即镁作为主要的合金元素)通常用于汽车的面板(护板、门板、罩等等)，对于这样的应用，为合金板片提供高屈服点和高延展性时所想要达到的。合适规格和屈服强度的铝合金片可由连续浇铸之后的轧制得到。在传统的连铸过程中，从铸造中得到的金属经过热轧和温制，然后盘绕(在温度大约300摄氏度)接着被送往另一轧机，在不超过160摄氏度的温度进行较后的冷轧。　　　　为了精炼，在这里所要提到的一点是通常所指的“热轧”是在温度高于合金的再结晶温度时实施的。以便合金在轧辊型缝之间或在滚动以后的线圈中自己退火再结晶。所述的“冷轧”通常意味着具有大量加工硬化率的工作轧辊以便在轧制期间或之后的合金既没有重结晶也不会发生回复。“中温轧制”在二者之间执行，以便没有重结晶作用但是屈服强度由于恢复过程而大幅度减少。对于铝合金，热轧温度超过350摄氏度，冷轧温度小于150摄氏度，中温轧制在150和350摄氏度之间实施。　　　　不幸地是，上述的常规方法的中间卷绕是笨重和昂贵的，储运需要获得一产品，其具有一个合适的微晶结构，以生产预期的屈服强度。　　　　在美国专利号5，514，228中，在1996年5月7日公开一个同轴的连铸过程，其中板片没有经过中间圈绕而轧成较后所需的规格。不过，在较终的轧制之前还需要进一步的固溶处理，以便在较后的卷绕之前板片进行连续地完全被退火。然而，5000系列合金经固溶处理后不会被强化。　　　　本发明的一个目的是以方便和经济的方式生产不经热处理的铝合金板片以便适用于汽车版面的制造。　　　　本发明的另一个目的是，提供一种工艺以连续的步骤而不经过中间的二级轧制生产5000系列的铝合金板片，以得到高屈服点的铝合金产品。　　　　本发明的一方面，提供生产铝合金板片的一种工艺，其中包括：铸造不经热处理的铝合金以形成一个扁钢锭，然后扁钢锭经过一系列的轧制步骤，以生产较后规格的产品。轧制步骤包括：热轧和中温轧制板坯，形成中级规格中间板片，冷却间板片；然后在室温到340摄氏度的温度范围内对中间板片进行中温轧制和冷轧；一系列连续的轧制步没有中间片的卷绕或完全退火。　　　　上述流程在所谓的H2回火中一种合金。进一步的退火再结晶生产处适合于汽车所用的板片。　　　　本发明的另一方面，提供一种铝合金板片由不经热处理的铝合金制成，这一个过程包括：铸造不经热处理的铝合金，以形成扁钢锭；所述扁钢锭经过一系列的轧制，以生产较后规格的制品；轧制步骤包括：热轧和中温轧制板坯，形成中级规格的中间片，冷却中间片，然后在室温到340摄氏度的温度范围内对中间板片进行中温轧制和冷轧；一系列连续的轧制步没有中间片的卷绕或完全退火。　　　　如上所述，本发明需要热轧和中温轧制然后不经中级圈绕或完全退后进行中温轧制和冷轧。当连续轧制扁钢锭的时候，热板坯向空气和轧辊失去热，以便热轧在中温轧制中结束（即在结晶温度以下)。　　　　这就是通过热轧和中温轧制的方法。在热轧期间，金属完全再结晶以释放在铸造期间产生的任何应变能。这期间的温度取决于同时发生的冷加工的发生量，以及合金的组成。在中温轧制期间，应变能量由于逐渐的轧制而建立，这就是金属所谓的“恢复”。如同重结晶作用一样，出去温度影响外恢复程度取决于冷加工的量和合金的组成。重结晶和恢复之间的重要的区别是，即重结晶作用导致内部张力迅速的减少并在热轧期间发生，然而恢复是中温轧制和冷轧的整个周期中发生，而且内部张力是平稳的减少的，但是大部分压力在“暖和的”轧制期间被释放。　　　　本发明的过程对任何不经热处理的铝合金有益，这些铝合金较终的处理方式是完全退火状态。不过，加强晶粒度在汽车应用方面的5000系列合金中是较重要的。过程可用于所有的5000系列合金在完全退火状态中被运送，但是对AA5754合金尤其有用，此合金含有有限量的Mg，为了避免应力腐蚀裂纹，对此合金来说，加强晶粒度是特别重要的。Mg含量更高的例如AA5182合金，对应力腐蚀裂纹敏感，但它们有更高的强度。对于这样的合金的当然是有益的，但是不那么明显。　　　　本发明的工艺，至少在它的优选的形式中，提供一种制作汽车车身结构的5000系列的铝片，其在一台连铸机上经过连续的轧制得到良好的机械性能。　　　　本发明的一个优点是，虽然自身退火不会生产优选的微观结构和性质，但是在较低温度的轧制以后的重结晶以及接着的退火，确实生产预期的细粒尺寸、高强度和有利的晶体织构。　　　　1.生产铝合金板片的一种工艺，包括：铸造不经热处理的铝合金以形成一个扁钢锭，然后扁钢锭经过一系列的轧制步骤，以生产较后规格的产品。轧制步骤包括：热轧和中温轧制板坯，形成中级规格中间板片，冷却间板片；然后在室温到340摄氏度的温度范围内对中间板片进行中温轧制和冷轧；一系列连续的轧制步没有中间片的卷绕或完全退火。

随着地球环境的日趋恶劣，为节约能源，延长材料的使用寿命，建筑、汽车等行业用户对材料的耐蚀性及耐候性等提出了更高的要求，为满足用户的这一需求，研发 了热镀Zn-Al系列合金镀层板，其中具有代表性及获得广泛应用的品种是美国伯利恒钢铁公司于20世纪60年代开发的55%Al-Zn-1.6%Si (Galvalume)和国际铅锌协会于20世纪80年代组织研发的Zn-5%Al-0.1%Ce、La(Galfan)。Galvalume从1972年伯利恒钢铁公司开始商业性生产到现在，国外已有42个公司先后取得了该产品的生产许可证，目前其年生产能力已达到1200万吨左右，产品广泛应用于建筑、汽车等行业。我国对热镀铝锌合金镀层板的研究、生产及应用可以说仍是一片空白，目前仅建成无锡新大中、宝钢及攀钢3条线，且攀钢和宝钢热镀铝锌合金镀层板生产线刚开始进入试生产阶段。因此，探讨热镀铝锌合金镀层板的生产工艺技术及产品质量特性，对我国热镀铝锌合金镀层板的生产，以及用户的合理使用该产品具有十分重要的现实意义。 　　2 　生产工艺特性 　　2.1　清洗：较普通热镀锌板生产而言，铝锌合金镀层钢板的生产对基板清洁度有更加严格的要求。这是由于热镀铝锌合金时，镀液铝含量较高、镀液温度较高、铝易氧化、易产生锌蒸汽，从而易恶化镀层附着性。因此，为确保镀层粘附性，热镀铝锌合金镀层板生产一般需采用炉外清洗，即在退火炉前设置电解脱脂清洗段。 　　2.2　退火：热镀铝锌合金镀层板的退火与普通热镀锌板相比有两个问题需考虑：一是对LCAK钢如何实现在线过时效处理，因其过时效的最佳温度为 300～350℃，而带钢入锌锅温度要求大于550℃；二是由于其镀液温度比锌的熔点高出200℃左右，易引起炉鼻处锌的蒸发，这种锌蒸汽附着在带钢上， 就会使产品产生漏镀缺陷，因而需确保炉内强的还原性气氛和严格控制炉鼻处的零点温度。鉴于此，国外一些生产厂家将炉内H2含量提高到了40%～60%，炉鼻处的零点温度控制在-50℃以下。 　　2.3　热镀：由于Al-Zn合金熔点较高，故其镀液温度比普通热镀锌温度高，最佳温度范围为620～650℃。为获得较好的镀层附着性，带钢入锌锅温度要比镀液温度低约50℃。为了细化富铝的枝晶组织，减少枝晶间富锌的晶粒的体积分数，以提高镀层耐蚀性(富铝枝状晶细小、晶间的间隙小，枝晶间富锌的晶粒要少、且细密地分散在镀层中)，镀后需要快速冷却，冷却速度一般要求10～30℃/s。 　　2.4　镀后处理：与普通热镀锌相同，热镀铝锌合金镀层板一般也进行铬酸钝化后处理。但近年来，为提高热镀铝锌合金镀层板的成形性及环保性，将辊涂丙稀酸工艺开始逐渐取代传统的铬酸钝化，且无铬有机钝化逐渐受到广泛关注。此外，就热镀铝锌合金镀层板用作彩涂基板而言，因其表面较普通热镀锌板干净，且对预处理较敏感，预清洗过度，会导致镀层表面变黑，降低涂层粘附性，所以其预处理要求要温和些。

冷 轧 产 品 品 名        材 质碳 结 板    SPCC、St12、DC01、Q235AB优结钢板   20-45#、08-15#优质碳素钢    08AL低碳深冲板    SC1、SPCE、ST14、DC04 超深冲板  SC2、St15、DC05、SC3、St16、DC06、St17耐腐蚀钢   05CuPCrNi、09CuPCrNi、Q345GNHL 低碳冲压钢   SPCD、ST13、DC03深 冲 板   SPCEN参照： （一）冲压用冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 1、一般冲压用钢：BLC B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；L——低碳（Low Carbon）；C——一般用（Commercial） 2、抗时效性低屈服钢：BLD B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；L——低碳（Low Carbon）；D——冲压用（Drawing） 3、非时效性极深冲用钢：BUFD（BUSD） B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；U——超级（Ultra）；F——成型（Formability）； D——冲压（Drawing） 4、非时效性超深冲用钢：BSUFD B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；SU——超高级（Ultra+Super）；F——成型（Formability）； D——冲压（Drawing） （二）冷成型用高强度冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 B ××× × × B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；×××——最小屈服点值； ×——一般用V、X、Y、Z表示 V：高强度低合金，屈服点与抗拉强度差值无规定 X：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别70MPa Y：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别100MPa Z：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别140MPa ×——氧化物/硫化物夹杂控制（K：镇静、细晶粒；F：K+硫化物控制；O：K、F外） 例：B240ZK、B340VK （三）抗凹陷性冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 B ××× × × B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写 ×××——最小屈服点值 ×——强化方式（P：强化；H：烘烤硬化） ×——由1或2表示（1：超低碳；2：低碳） 築210P1：深冲压用高强度钢；B250P2：一般加工用含磷高强度钢；B180H1：深冲用烘烤硬化钢

28日国内不锈钢冷轧上涨幅度在500元左右。据信息研究中心商场监测显现，北京区域，冷卷304/2B的0.5-3.0mm报价在3.20-3.33万元左右(吨价，下同)；热板304/No.1太钢6mm-20mm价位在2.78-3.75万元之间；321圆钢报价在4.70-5.10万元，2Cr13、3Cr13报价在0.94万元左右。佛山区域，冷卷304/2B 0.4-3.0mm张浦报价在3.18-3.33万元左右；无锡区域，冷卷304/2B报价张浦0.4-3.0mm报价在3.32-3.43万元，太钢0.5-3.0mm报价在3.25-3.48万元左右。现商场上仍无会集到货，资源继续严重，报价调高后成交状况欠安。商场304冷轧卷报价较9月出厂报价已高出500元左右，在消费旺季降临、商场库存量不大等有利要素的状况下，部分供应商对后市达观。.

二者的首要差异在于涂漆的阶段和工艺不同。 　　预滚涂是在基材仍是卷状时，在流水线上经过酸洗、矫相等程序，依据要求的漆层厚度，有电脑操控，经过几烤几烘，在相对密闭的空间内完结。滚涂后就是一卷卷带漆层的铝板。如使用时依据尺度直接裁剪和折弯，即可施工。     喷涂是在依据施工图纸断定的规格，对不带漆层的铝板裁剪和折弯成型后，再用喷上漆。     关于商场上的金属铝幕墙来说，种类许多。就涂漆层面来说，首要分喷涂、预滚涂及电镀等。综合功能比较，是喷涂远低于预滚涂，预滚涂在部分指标上低于电镀;在空间上，国产首要是喷涂，国外已是预滚涂产品占主流了，电镀产品在国外也早有人用了。国内和国外为何会形成这种“代”差呢?首要原因有以下二个方面：     资金、技能和设备。     国内幕墙厂商多，规划小，鱼龙混杂，不乏作坊式出产。关于数十亿美元一条的滚涂出产线和严厉的技能配套要求来说，明显还不具备条件。     建筑理念和商场观念要素等。也就是人祸。建筑是千秋大业仅仅嘴上说说罢了，我们只管眼前利益而不讲久远效益。(一个比如是上海陆家嘴的一楼盘，十几如果平方的价格外墙仅用铝塑板贴了拉倒，降低成本啊，成果成交廖廖)。业主外行，出产商就都拼报价，偷工减料，压低薪酬，献身质量，技能研制和升级换代就更是无稽之谈了，成果就是整个职业留步不前。     1***H**——指含99%纯铝的纯铝板     2***H**——指铝铜合金     3***H**——指铝锰合金     4***H**——铝硅合金     5***H**——铝镁合金，可用做船板或防弹铝板.     H1*——静态煺火(也叫最终煺火);     H2*——动态煺火(继续出产线上煺火，也叫中间煺火);     H3*——内部应力处理;     H4*——上面三种只需涂层后都是4.     H*2、H*4、H*6——后边的数字是硬度比值。数字越小，硬度越小;反之越大。     普基铝镁板是预滚涂板，不是喷涂板AA5754H44基材，2.0mm厚度的产品各项功能已卓而不群,选用接连三涂三烤工艺，抗老化、不掉漆，涂层氟碳树脂含量达70%以上,加强筋选用镀锌钢板，柔性衔接，强度高，不变形。删去

1．贯穿气孔 熔铸品质不好。 2．表面气泡 铸锭含氢量高组织疏松；铸锭表面凸凹不平的地方有脏东面，装炉前没有擦净；蚀洗后，铸块与包铝板表面有蚀洗残留痕迹；加热时间过长或温度过高，铸块表面氧化；靠前道焊合轧制时，乳液咀没有闭严，乳液流到包铝板下面。 3．铸块开裂 热轧时压下量过大，从铸锭端头开裂；铸块加热温度过高或过低。 4．力学性能不合格 没有正确执行热处理制度或热处理设备不正常，空气循环不好；淬火时装料量大，盐浴槽温度不够时装炉，保温时间不足，没有达到规定温度即出炉；试验室采用的热处理制度或试验方法不正确；试样规格形状不正确，试样表面被破坏。 5．铸锭夹渣 熔铸品质不好，板片内夹有金属或非金属残渣。 6．撕裂 润滑油成分不合格或乳液太浓，板片与轧辊间产生滑动，金属变形不均匀；没有控制好轧制率，压下量过大；轧制速度过大；卷筒张力调整得不正确，张力不稳定；退火品质不好；金属塑性不够；辊型控制不正确，使金属内应力过大；热轧卷筒裂边；轧制时润滑不好，板带与轧辊摩擦过大；送卷不正，带板一边产生拉应力，一边产生压应力，使边沿产生小裂口，经多次轧制后，从裂口处继续扩大，以至撕裂；精整时拉伸机钳口夹持不正或不均，或板片有裂边，拉伸时就会造成撕裂；淬火时，兜链兜得不好或过紧，使板片压裂，拉伸矫直时造成撕裂。 7．过薄 压下量调整不正确；测厚仪出现故障或使用不当；辊型控制不正确。 8．压折（折叠） 辊型不正确，如压光机轴承发热，使轧辊两端胀大，结果压出的板片中间厚两边薄；压光前板片波浪太大，使压光量过大，从而产生压折；薄板压光时送入不正容易产生压折；板片两边厚差大，易产生压折。 9．非金属压入 热轧机的轧辊、辊道、剪刀机等不清洁，加工过程中脏物掉在板车带上，经轧制而形成；冷轧机的轧辊、导辊、三辊矫直机、卷取机等接触带板的部分不清洁，将脏物压入；轧制油喷咀堵塞或压力低，带板表面上粘附的非金属脏物冲洗不掉；乳液更换不及时，铝粉冲洗不净及乳液槽未洗刷干净。 10．过烧 热处理设备的高温仪表不准确；电炉各区温度不均；没有正确执行热处理制度，金属加热温度达到或超过金属过烧温度；装料时放得不正，靠近加热器的地方可能产生局部过烧。 11．金属压入 加热过程中金属屑落到板带上经轧制后形成；热轧时辊边道次少，裂边的金属掉在带板上；圆盘剪切边品质不好，带板边缘有毛刺，压缩空气没有吹净带板表面的金属屑；轧辊粘铝后，将粘铝块压在带板上；导尺夹得过紧，刮下来的碎屑掉在板上。 12．波浪 辊型调整得不正确，原始辊型不适合；板形控制系统出现故障或使用不当；冷轧毛料原始板形差或断面中凸度过大；压下率、张力、速度等工艺参数选择不当；各种类型的矫直机调整得不好，矫直辊辊缝间隙不一致，使板片薄的一边产生波浪；对拉伸矫直和拉弯矫直机，伸长率选择不当。 13．腐蚀 板片经淬火、洗涤、干燥后，表面残留有酸、碱或硝盐痕迹时，经过一段时间后板片就会受到腐蚀；板带保管不当，有水滴掉在板面上；加工过程中，接触产品的辅助材料，如火油、轧制油、乳液、包装油等含有水分或呈碱性，都可能引起腐蚀；包装时卷材温度过高，或包装不好，运输过程中受损坏。 14．划伤 热轧机辊道，导板粘铝，使热压板带划伤；冷轧机导板、夹送辊等有突出尖角或粘铝；精整机列加工中被导路划伤；成品包装时，抬片抬放不当。 15．元素扩散 退火及淬火时，没有正确执行热处理制度，不合理地延长加热时间或提高保温温度；退火、淬火次数过多；热轧尾部或预先剪切机列没有按工艺规程要求切头切尾，使板片包铝层不合格而造成；错用了包铝板，使用铝板太薄。 16．过厚 原因同7“过薄”。 17．擦伤 吊运卷筒时不小心，易造成卷筒擦伤；送板带不正，轧制时将送歪的带板拉正，使带板与轧辊间产生相对磨擦；卷卷时张力采用不正确，卷取时张力小，开卷时张力大，轧辊把卷筒拉紧使板间产生错动；润滑油含沙锭油太多，轧制后卷筒上残留油不一样，开卷时圈与圈之间产生很微小的滑动造成擦伤。 18．过窄 剪切时圆盘剪间距调整过窄；热粗轧宽展余量不足；热精轧圆盘剪调节时，没有很好地考虑冷收缩量与剪切时的剪切余量。 19．过短 剪切时定尺不当或设备出现故障。 20．镰刀形 热轧机轧辊两端辊缝值不同；导尺送带板不正，带板两边延伸不同；热轧机轧辊预热不好，辊形不正确；乳液喷射不均或喷咀有堵塞；压光机轧制时板片未对中。 21．裂边 铸锭加热温度过低，热压时产生的裂边没有全部切掉，冷轧后裂边扩大；热轧辊边量过小，可能产生裂边；压下率过大或过小；铸锭浇口部分未切掉，热轧时就会裂边；切边时两边切得不均，一边切得太少，可能产生裂边；退火品质不好，金属塑性不够；包铝板放得不正，使一面侧边包铝不完全。 22．裂纹 铸锭本身裂纹或加热温度过高或过低；轧制率不适当引起压缩。 23．收缩孔 铸块品质不好。 24．白斑点 冷轧用的乳液不清洁，或新换乳液搅拌不均。 25．乳液痕 轧制时乳液没有吹净，使乳液卷入筒里；热精轧温度太低，乳液浓度太高；风管里有水，随空气吹到带板上。 26．包铝层错动 包铝板放得不正，热粗轧时金属包铝板和铸锭间发生错动；热粗轧轧制时铸块送得不正；焊合轧制时压下量太小，没有焊合上；对侧面包铝铸块辊边量太大；精整剪切及热精轧切边量不均，一边切得太少。 27．凹陷（碰伤） 板片或卷筒在搬运或停放进程中被碰撞；冷轧或退火时卡子打得不好，以及退火料不干净，有金属物或突出物；冷轧时卷入硬的金属渣或其它硬东西。 28．松树枝状 冷轧时压下量太大，金属在轧辊间由于摩擦力大，来不及流动而产生滑动；轧制液浓度太大，流动性不好，不能均匀分布在板带面上，轧制后就会产生松树状；厚度显示仪器出现故障；冷轧张力太小。 29．压过划痕 热轧产生波浪或镰刀形，当其通过尾部给料辊、剪刀、三辊等时被划伤，及轧热机导板之划伤，并被压过；退火装料或搬运次数多，使卷筒松层；热轧道路粘铝划伤带板，经冷轧后产生；冷轧机的道路，三辊、五辊出现粘伤或转动不灵，划伤、擦伤铝板，经轧制而产生；冷轧及热轧张力不稳定，张力大小不匹配，或装卸卷时不小心，使层间错动擦伤板面。 30．硝石痕 淬火后洗涤不净，板片表面留有硝石痕压光前擦得不干净。 31．印痕 冷轧机轧辊粘有金属残渣，或轧辊上带有印痕印在板面上；矫直和辊子上粘有金属残屑，未清辊或清辊不彻底。矫直前金属残渣掉在板片上，经矫直而造成。 32．粘铝 在剪切机列上因矫直机辊子不干净造成粘铝；精整时的所有多辊矫直机易粘伤片板面；热轧或冷轧时轧辊粘铝造成板带粘伤。 33．折伤 薄板搬运不小心。 34．揉擦伤 淬火后板片弯曲度太大，互相擦伤；装卸料时不小心，或装料量太多，使板片互相错动。 35．横波 冷轧薄板时张力控制不当，使卷筒内匝在卸卷时造成雀窝；轧制过程中中间停车。 36．包铝层厚度不合格 热轧焊合压下量过大；热轧尾部或预剪切头切尾量太少；包铝板用错了；碱洗时间过长。 37．油痕 冷轧以后板上残留轧制油。 38．滑移线 板片在拉伸时因拉伸量太大出现的滑移线（沿途45°）方向。 39．水痕 淬火后未擦干净，压光时压在板片上。 40．表面不亮 轧辊、压光辊、矫直辊光洁度不够，润滑性能不好，太脏。 41．小黑点 在热轧板材过程中，由于高温乳液分解，分解产物与在轧制过程中因润滑不好使轧辊与铝板摩擦而产生的铝粉在高温下相互作用，产生“小黑点”混合于乳液中，经过轧制又压到铝板表面上，形成小黑点；乳液稳定性不好，不清洁，润滑性不好，用硬水配制，乳液喷射到轧辊上不均匀，及辊道不清洁，辊道、地沟、油管、油箱不清洁也易产生“小黑点”。 42．起皮 由于铣面品质不好，加热铸块表面氧化，铸块本身品质不好形成条状或块状起皮。 43．分层 在轧制过程中，带板端头或边部产生不均匀变形，继续轧制时扩散而成。

镀锌格栅板，即格栅板生产出来以后，要进行防锈处理。有热镀锌（热浸镀锌）和电镀锌（冷镀锌）2种。格栅板是钢格板的别名，是用扁钢按照一定的间距和横杆进行交叉排列，并且焊接成中间带有方形格子的一种钢铁制品，主要用来做水沟盖板，钢结构平台板，钢梯的踏步板等．横杆一般采用经过扭绞的方钢作为一种新材料、新产品正得到日益广泛的应用，其较多的优越性能及良好的性能 价格 比显示了其应用的前景。格栅板的制作方式：有机器压焊和手工制作两种.机器压焊使用高压电阻压焊机,机械手自动将横杆横放在均匀排列的扁钢上,通过强大的电焊功率和液压力将横杆压焊入扁钢内,从而可以得到焊点坚固,稳定性和强度极高的高品质格栅板.手工制作的格栅板是先在扁钢上冲孔,然后将横杆放入孔中点焊,横杆与扁钢会存在空隙,而且不可能每个接触点都进行焊接,因此焊接不牢固,强度有所降低. 　　在冶金、矿山、石油、电力与工业领域以及一些民用领域中，格栅板作为一种新型建材正得到日益广泛的应用。所谓新材料，其实在国外已有几十年以上的历史，不过在中国得到广泛应用也只是近１０年的事。但就象铝合金门窗一样，与传统材料相比，人们习惯上还是将其称作新材料。格栅板特点及用途特点： 1.高强度，轻结构：牢固的网格压焊结构使其具有高承载，结构轻2.便于吊装等特点3.外形美观，经久耐用：热浸锌表面处理使其具有相当好的防腐能力4.表面光泽美观5.通风、采光、散热、防爆、防滑性能好；防积污物用途：广泛应用于石油化工、电厂、水厂、污水处理厂、市政工程、环卫工程等领域的平台、走道、栈桥、沟盖、井盖、梯子、围栏、护栏等。  

将镍及镍合金板经熔炼、铸锭、平辊轧制加工成单张或成卷加工材的过程。镍及镍合金具有熔点高、热稳定性好、耐蚀、强度高、加工性能良好等优点。镍合金板带材广泛用于精密仪表、电子、医疗器械、航天航空等工业部门。热轧板厚度5～20mm，冷轧板厚度0．5～10mm，宽度不大于1000mm；带材厚度0．05～1．5mm，宽度一般不大于300mm。镍及镍合金板带的基本生产工艺流程如下：熔铸 镍及镍合金板熔体能吸收大量气体，发生强烈的氧化。一般采用感应电炉熔炼、熔体表面覆盖玻璃，用木炭、锰、硅、镁、钛等脱氧。高纯度的镍及镍合金板采用真空熔炼。蒙乃尔(NCu28—2．5—1．5)等合金采用电渣熔炼。熔炼温度在1450～1560℃之间，随合金而异。通常扁锭用生铁模铸造(见生铁模铸锭)或半连续铸造(见半连续铸锭)。锭重在30～400kg范围内。铸锭表面的夹杂、冷隔等缺陷应进行清理.热轧 镍及镍合金板的高温塑性良好，变形抗力较高，加热温度在1050～1250℃范围内，以电炉加热为宜。若使用煤气炉，则煤气含硫量必须严格控制，以免造成热脆。重400kg厚度为200mm的镍锭，经11个道次热轧至10mm厚。有时热轧前先行锻造，以改善内部组织.酸洗 镍及镍合金板铣面(见有色金属合金锭坯铣面)时易粘刀具，故对热轧板坯常用酸洗的方法除去表层的氧化物。酸洗采用硫酸与硝酸的混合酸，或单独的硝酸。为提高酸洗效果，酸洗前先以小压下量冷轧一道，使延伸小于基体的氧化层被破碎，以利于同酸反应.冷轧 厚度5．0～13．5mm的热轧坯，需经多次反复冷轧和退火，到达成品厚度。两次退火间的压下率可达70％～85％。冷轧常用四辊轧机。高强度的镍合金薄带采用12辊或20辊轧机精轧。冷轧时应充分润滑和冷却，以防粘辊，影响表面质量.退火 退火分中间退火和成品退火。中间退火的目的是消除冷轧造成的加工硬化；成品退火则为了控制成品性能。镍和镍合金板完全退火的温度在570～850IC间，取决于合金成分和制品厚度。成卷薄带退火时易于粘结，故退火前应重卷。因镍合金板的氧化皮较难清除，故常用钟罩式真空炉进行退火。镍铝、镍钛和其他复杂镍合金板可通过固溶／时效处理实现沉淀硬化，以提高强度. 

硅钙板又称石膏复合板，是一种多孔材料，具有良好的隔音、隔热性能，在室内空气潮湿的情况下能吸引空气中水分子、空气干燥时，又能释放水分子，可以适当调节室内干、湿度、增加舒适感。石膏制品又是特级防火材料，在火焰中能产生吸热反应，同时，释放出水分子阻止火势蔓延，而且不会分解产生任何有毒的、侵蚀性的、令人窒息的气体，也不会产生任何助燃物或烟气。硅钙板主要由石膏组成,由硅质材料（硅藻土、膨润土、石英粉等）、钙质材料、增强纤维等作为主要原料，经过制浆、成坯、蒸养、表面砂光等工序而制成的轻质板材。简介：硅钙板吊顶主要优点是质轻、防水、吸声，施工简单。一、材料要求高强硅钙板（600X600X15）、3m长ψ8镀锌吊杆，16X22“T”型铝合金次龙骨、16X28“T”型铝合金主龙骨、12X18“L”形铝合金边龙骨二、主要机具电锯、无齿锯、手电锯、冲击电锤、电动螺丝刀、手刨、钳子、扳手、水准仪、靠尺、钢卷尺三、施工条件和相关环境墙身四周弹好吊顶的+50cm水平标高控制线，并核查完毕。安装完顶棚内的各种管线及通风道，确定好灯位、通风口及各种露明孔口位置。并核对吊顶高度与其内设备标高是否影响。检查所用的材料和配件是否准备齐全。在上龙骨之前必须完成墙面地面的湿作业项目。搭设好顶棚施工的操作平台架子。硅钙板龙骨吊顶在大面积施工前，应做样板间，对顶棚的起拱度、灯槽、通风口的构造处理，分块及固定方法等应经试装并经鉴定后可大面积施工。四、施工工艺弹标高水平线、划龙骨分档线-固定吊挂件-安装边龙骨-安装主龙骨-安装次龙骨-罩面板安装

哈氏合金是镍基合金的一种，目前主要分为B、C、G三个系列，它主要用于铁基Cr-Ni或Cr-Ni-Mo不锈钢、非金属材料等无法使用的强腐蚀性介质场合。 哈氏合金化学成分 　　材料的化学成分　　Ni Cr Mo Fe C Si Co Mn P S W V Cu Nb+Ta　　N10665 (B-2) 基 ≤1.0 26.0~30 ≤2.0 ≤0.02 ≤0.10 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤0.04 ≤0.03　　N10276 (C-276) 基 14.5~16.5 15.0~ 17.0 4.0~7.0 ≤0.01 ≤0.08 ≤2.5 ≤1.0 ≤0.04 ≤0.03 3.0~ 4.5 ≤0.035　　N06007 (G-3) 基 21.0~23.5 6.0~ 8.0 18.0~21 ≤0.015 ≤1.0 ≤5.0 ≤1.0 ≤0.04 ≤0.03 ≤1.5 1.5~2.5 ≤0.50       国产哈氏合金板钛、镍、钨、钼、锆、钽、铌、等哈氏合金板B系列 ：B → 哈氏合金板B-2(00Ni70Mo28) → 哈氏合金板B-3(00Ni70Mo28）哈氏合金板C系列 ：C → 哈氏合金板C-276(00Cr16Mo16W4) →哈氏合金板C-4(00Cr16Mo16) →  哈氏合金板C-22 (00Cr22Mo13W3) → 哈氏合金板C-2000(00Cr20Mo16)哈氏合金板G系列 ：G  → 哈氏合金板G-3（00Cr22Ni48Mo7Cu） →  哈氏合金板G-30(00Cr30Ni48Mo7Cu)哈氏合金板、管材、板材、圆板、板条、丝材、棒材、六角棒、法兰、弯头、三通、封头、大小头主要成分：59Ni-15Cr-16Mo-4W-5Fe 。 　　哈氏合金板是一种含钨的镍-铬-钼合金，含有极低的硅和碳。优势产品有254SMO、AL6XN、AL904L、NAS 254N、NAS 255NM、NAS 354N、NAS 329J3L（S32205双相钢）、INCOLOY 825、INCONEL 625、HASTELLOY C-276 INCONELX-750、NAS HX（HASTELLOYX）、MONEL400／K-500、INCOLOY 800／800H／800HT、INCOLOY 840、INCONEL 600、INCONEL 601、NAS 660（A-286）、LDX 2101、SAF2304、SAF 2507、尿素钢724L、725LN、253MA、纯镍Ni200（N6）、Ni201（N4）、钛及钛合金JISH4600 TR270／TR340C、GR1、GR2、GR3、GR4、GR5、GR7、G、G、SP-700、锆702、锆705以及进口奥氏体不锈钢304、304L、316、316L、316H、316TI、317L、310S、321等。 　　一、典型哈氏合金板化学成分 　　材料的化学成分 　　Ni Cr Mo Fe C Si Co Mn P S W V Cu Nb+Ta 　　N10665 (B-2) 基 ≤1.0 26.0~30 ≤2.0 ≤0.02 ≤0.10 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤0.04 ≤0.03　　N10276 (C-276) 基 14.5~16.5 15.0~ 17.0 4.0~7.0 ≤0.01 ≤0.08 ≤2.5 ≤1.0 ≤0.04 ≤0.03 3.0~ 4.5 ≤0.035　　N06007 (G-3) 基 21.0~23.5 6.0~ 8.0 18.0~21 ≤0.015 ≤1.0 ≤5.0 ≤1.0 ≤0.04 ≤0.03 ≤1.5 1.5~2.5 ≤0.50 　　二、哈氏合金板耐蚀性能 　　哈氏C-276合金属于镍-钼-铬-铁-钨系镍基合金。它是现代金属材料中最耐蚀的一种。主要耐湿氯、各种氧化性氯化物、氯化盐溶液、硫酸与氧化性盐，在低温与中温中均有很好的耐蚀性能。因此，近三十年以来、在苛刻的腐蚀环境中，如化工、石油化工、烟气脱硫、纸浆和造纸、环保等工业领域有着相当广泛的应用。 　　哈氏C-276合金的各种腐蚀数据是有其典型性的，但是不能用作规范，尤其是在不明环境中，必须要经过试验才可以选材。哈氏C-276合金中没有足够的Cr来耐强氧化性环境的腐蚀，如热的浓硝酸。这种合金的产生主要是针对化工过程环境，尤其是存在混酸的情况下，如烟气脱硫系统的出料管等。下表是四种合金在不同环境下的腐蚀对比试验情况。(所有焊接试样采用自熔钨极氩弧焊) 　　四种金属在不同环境下的腐蚀对比试验 　　试验环境 （沸腾） 腐蚀率 （毫米/） 　　典型316 AL-6XN Inconel625 C-276 　　基本 金属试样 焊接 试 样 基本 金属 试样 焊接 试 样 基本 金属 试样 基本 金属 试样 焊接 试 样 　　20%醋酸 0.003 0.003 0.0036 0.0018 0.0076 0.013 0.006 　　45% 0.277 0.262 0.116 0.142 0.13 0.07 0.049 　　10%草酸 1.02 0.991 0.277 0.274 0.15 0.29 0.259 　　20%磷酸 0.177 0.155 0.007 0.006 0.001 0.001 0.0006 　　10% 1.62 1.58 0.751 0.381 0.12 0.07 0.061 　　10%硫酸 9.44 9.44 2.14 2.34 0.64 0.35 0.503 　　10%碳酸氢钠 1.06 1.06 0.609 0.344 0.10 0.07 0.055 　　哈氏C-276合金可以用作燃煤系统的烟气脱硫部件，在这种环境下C-276是最耐蚀的材料。下表是C-276合金和典型316在烟气模拟系统“绿色死亡”溶液中的腐蚀对比试验情况。 　　“绿色死亡”溶液中的腐蚀对比试验 　　“绿色死亡”溶液 （沸腾） 腐蚀率 (mm/a) 　　典型316 C-276 　　7%硫酸 破坏 0.67 　　3%　　1%CuCl2　　1%FeCl3　　由上表可见，C-276合金对混合的具有氯离子的酸、盐溶液有很好的耐蚀性能。 　　哈氏C-276合金中Cr、Mo、W的加入将C-276合金的耐点蚀和缝隙腐蚀的能力大大提高。C-276合金在海水环境中被认为是惰性的，所以C-276被广泛地应用在海洋、盐水和高氯环境中，甚至在强酸低PH值情况下。下表是四种金属在6%FeCl3(按ASTM标准G-48执行)溶液中发生缝隙腐蚀的对比情况。 　　缝隙腐蚀发生情况 　　合金 缝隙腐蚀发生温度 　　°F °C 　　典型316 27 2.5 　　AL-6XN 113 45 　　Inconel625 113 45 　　C-276 140 60 　　C-276合金中高含量的Ni和Mo使其对氯离子应力腐蚀断裂也有很强的抵抗能力，下表是四种金属在不同含氯离子溶液中的应力腐蚀断裂试验情况。 　　氯离子应力腐蚀断裂试验情况 　　试验溶液 弯曲U形试样试验时间（Hours）和试验结果 　　典型316 AL-6XN Inconel 625 C-276 　　42%MgCl2(沸腾) 失败(24小时) 兼有(1000小时) 抵抗(1000小时) 抵抗(1000小时) 　　33%LiCl(沸腾) 失败(100小时) 抵抗(1000小时) 抵抗(1000小时) 抵抗(1000小时) 　　26%NaCl(沸腾) 失败(300小时) 抵抗(1000小时) 抵抗(1000小时) 抵抗(1000小时) 　　二、物理性能 　　密度：8.90g/cm3, 比热：425J/kg/k, 弹性模量：205Gpa(21℃) 　　三、机械性能 　　典型的C-276合金的拉力试验结果如下表所示，其材料是在1150℃退火，并以水急冷。 　　力学性能试验值 　　温 度 (℃) 屈服强度σ0.2 (Mpa) 抗拉强度σb (Mpa) 延伸率δ5 （%） 　　-196 565 965 45 　　-101 480 895 50 　　21 415 790 50 　　93 380 725 50 　　204 345 710 50 　　316 315 675 55 　　427 290 655 60 　　538 270 640 60 　　对C-276合金进行冷变形加工会使其强度增加。在对其进行冲击试验时，V形槽冲击试样采用10mm厚的板材（板材要经过退火处理），如果试样是采用焊接的试样，则在同样的温度范围，它会显示出一定的柔韧性，这是因为焊缝的原因。板材冲击试验结果如下表所示。 　　试验温度（℃） V形槽试样冲击功（J） 　　-196 245 　　21 325 　　200 325 　　C-276合金和普通奥氏体不锈钢有相似的成形性能。但由于其比普通奥氏体不锈钢的强度要大，所以，在冷成形加工过程中会有更大应力。此外，这种材料的加工硬化速度比普通不锈钢快得多，因此在有广泛冷成形加工过程中，要采取中途退火处理。 　　四、焊接及热处理 　　C-276合金的焊接性能和普通奥氏体不锈钢相似，在使用一种焊接方法对C-276焊接之前，必须要采取措施以使焊缝及热影响区的抗腐蚀性能下降最小，如钨极气体保护焊（W）、金属极气体保护焊（GMAW）、埋弧焊或其他一些可以使焊缝及热影响区抗腐蚀性能下降最小的焊接方法。但对于诸如氧炔焊等有可能增加材料焊缝及热影响区含碳量或含硅量的焊接方法是不适合采用的。 　　关于焊接接头形式的选择，可以参照ASME锅炉与压力容器规范对C-276焊接接头的成功经验。 　　焊接坡口最好采用机械加工的方法，但是机械加工会带来加工硬化，所以对机械加工的坡口处进行焊接前打磨是必要的。 　　哈氏合金板焊接时要采用适宜的热输入速度，以防止热裂纹的产生。 　　在绝大多数腐蚀环境下，C-276都能以焊接件的形式应用。但在十分苛刻的环境中，C-276材料及焊接件要进行固溶热处理以获得最好的抗腐蚀性能。 　　C-276合金的焊接可以选择自身作焊接材料或填料金属。如要求在C-276的焊缝中添加某些成分，象其它镍基合金或不锈钢，并且这些焊缝将暴露在腐蚀环境中时，那么，焊接所用的焊条或焊丝则要求有和母材金属耐腐蚀相当的性能。 　　哈氏C-276合金材料固溶热处理包括两个过程：（1）在1040℃~1150℃加热；（2）在两分钟之内快速冷却至黑色状态（400℃左右），这样处理后的材料有很好的耐蚀性能。因此仅对哈氏C-276合金进行消应力热处理是无效的。在热处理之前要清理合金表面的油污等可能在热处理过程中产生碳元素的一切污垢。 　　C-276合金表面在焊接或热处理时会产生氧化物，使合金中的Cr含量降低，影响耐蚀性能，所以要对其进行表面清理。可以使用不锈钢丝刷或砂轮，接下来浸入适当比例硝酸和的混合液中酸洗，最后用清水冲洗干净。

镀锌楼层板，一种镀锌产品，其基材就是楼层板。在楼层板成型后，通过热镀锌或电镀锌工艺，在其表面镀上一层锌，达到防腐蚀的目的。楼层板是采用镀锌钢板经辊压冷弯成型，其截面成V型、U型、梯形或类似这几种形状的波形，主要用作永久性模板，也可被选为其他用途。镀锌楼层板广泛用于电厂、电力设备公司、汽车展厅、钢结构厂房、水泥库房、钢结构办公室、机场候机楼、火车站、体育场馆、音乐厅、大剧院、大型超市、物流中心、奥运场馆体育场馆等钢结构建筑。镀锌楼层板的特点：1、易于安装施工, 节省工时. 2、取代传统模板, 善传统模板需耗时拆木板模之缺点. 3、可作为结构强度之一部份. 4、易于配筋, 配线, 配之施工. 5外观整齐美观, 改善传统施工的杂乱无章。

          铜合金 copper alloy 以纯铜为基体加入一种或几种其他元素所构成的合金。纯铜呈紫红色，又称紫铜。纯铜密度为8.96，熔点为1083℃，具有优良的导电性、导热性、延展性和耐蚀性。主要用于制作发电机、母线、电缆、开关装置、变压器等电工器材和热交换器、管道、太阳能加热装置的平板集热器等导热器材。常用的铜合金分为黄铜、青铜、白铜3大类。铜合金板是铜合金的一种材料款式。         按材料形成方法划分为可为铸造铜合金和变形铜合金。事实上，许多铜合金既可以用于铸造，又可以用于变形加工。通常变形铜合金可以用于铸造，而许多铸造铜合金却不能进行锻造、挤压、深冲和拉拔等变形加工。铸造铜合金和变形铜合金又可以细分为铸造用紫铜、黄铜、青铜和白铜。       随着电子、信息、汽车工业发展,铜及铜合金板带需求旺盛,铜及铜合金板带约占铜加工材总量的1720%,全世界总消费量约为380万吨,中国约为110万吨,主要生产国有美、德、日、中、韩,中国铜板带材的 产量 、进口量、消费量都居世界第一位;中国铜板带 产业 发展迅速,技术装备水平不断提升。

      铜镍合金板铜镍发热电阻合金具有较好的耐腐蚀性，良好的焊接性能和加工性能、广泛应用于热过载继电器、低压断路器等低压电器中的电热元件。具体材质有：CuNi1 CuNi2 CuNi6 CuNi8 CuNi10 CuMn3 CuNi14 CuNi19 CuNi23 CuNi30 CuNi34 CuNi44规格：厚度0.05-4mm,宽度3-120mm，表面光洁，厚薄均匀  铜镍合金 ,这种合金 有良好的导电性和抗氧化性.同时也 能按客户要求,在收到相关的费用后 制作金镀膜.  铜镍合金以良好温度系数，加工性，低电阻率被广泛用于低压电器，发热电缆，发热线,电源开关，电阻 行业 等.  铜镍合金主要含铜、镍和少量的铁和锰，以提高其在高流速水质，特别是海水中的抗腐蚀能力。其抗压力强及良好的冷热加工性能和良好的焊接性能。    建设一条以镍铜、铜镍合金管棒材为主要产品的生产线，引进世界一流水平的关键生产设备，国内配套辅助设备，达到年产镍铜合金管棒材(国内目前不能批量生产)1000吨和铜镍合金管棒材(目前，国内 产量 少、质量低)  人们已经相当普遍地利用镍铜合金镀复于低值 金属 基体上,作为防腐蚀和装饰性镀层。已经应用镀复方法亦有多种。例如,有人使用镍和铜电镀层的高温扩散熔合法来产生这种镀层;有人从焦磷酸盐和柠檬酸盐电解液中电镀出含镍20—45％的铜镍合金镀层;美国专利~＃1,750,092发表了由含硫酸盐、醋酸盐及氯化物阴离子的电解液,在铂箔膜或钢铁基体上电镀镍铜合金的方法。  铜镍合金板作为铜镍合金中常用的一种材料,使用也越来越广泛。   

热镀锌格栅板，又称热镀锌钢格板，是用扁钢按照一定的间距和横杆进行交叉排列，并且焊接成中间带有方形格子的一种钢铁制品，主要用来做水沟盖板，钢结构平台板，钢梯的踏步板等。横杆一般采用经过扭绞的方钢作为一种新材料、新产品正得到日益广泛的应用，其较多的优越性能及良好的性能 价格 比显示了其应用的前景。热镀锌格栅板一般采用碳钢制作，外表热镀锌，可以起到防止氧化的作用，也可以采用不锈钢制作。格栅板具有通风，采光，散热，防滑，防爆等性能。格栅板的分类： 　　按焊接方式，可分为：压焊型、相嵌型、穿锁型和穿焊型。 　　按按其负载扁钢侧表面的形状，可分为：平面型、齿型和“工”字型等。 　　按其用途可分为：一般用途钢格栅板和专门用途的钢格栅板如：地沟盖板、踏步板等等。 　　按材料分为：不锈钢钢格栅板和碳钢钢格栅板。热镀锌格栅板的特点：高强度，轻结构；防腐能力强，经久耐用；外形美观，表面亮泽；便于安装他折卸；通风，采光，散热，防滑，防爆性好；不积污物，不积雨雪，不积水，自清洁，易于维护。热镀锌格栅板的应用：广泛应用于石油化工，电力，自来水，污水处理，港口码头，建筑修饰，造船，自走式停车场，市政工程，环卫工程等领域平台，走道，栈桥，沟盖，井盖，梯子，围栏等。 　　格栅板的制作方式：有机器压焊和手工制作两种。机器压焊使用高压电阻压焊机，机械手自动将横杆横放在均匀排列的扁钢上，通过强大的电焊功率和液压力将横杆压焊入扁钢内，从而可以得到焊点坚固,稳定性和强度极高的高品质格栅板，手工制作的格栅板是先在扁钢上冲孔,然后将横杆放入孔中点焊，横杆与扁钢会存在空隙，而且不可能每个接触点都进行焊接,因此焊接不牢固,强度有所降低。 　　在冶金、矿山、石油、电力与工业领域以及一些民用领域中，热镀锌格栅板作为一种新型建材正得到日益广泛的应用。所谓新材料，其实在国外已有几十年以上的历史，不过在中国得到广泛应用也只是近10年的事。所以热镀锌格栅板在中国 市场 的前景良好。

钢栅板，又称钢格板，所以镀锌钢栅板就是镀锌钢格板。镀锌钢格板，是指表面镀有一层锌的钢格板。钢格板是用扁钢按照一定的间距和横杆（扭绞方钢、方钢、圆钢、扁钢等）进行交叉排列，并且焊接成中间带有方形格子的一种钢铁制品，钢格板主要用来做水沟盖板，钢结构平台板，钢梯的踏步板等．横杆一般采用经过扭绞的方钢．钢格板一般采用碳钢制作，外表热镀锌，可以起到防止氧化的作用。也可以采用不锈钢制作．钢格板具有通风，采光，散热，防滑，防爆等性能。钢格板表面处理方式：热镀锌、冷镀锌、喷漆、浸防锈油、不处理。钢格板的特点外形美观：线条简捷。银色外表，现代潮流。最佳排水：漏水面积达83.3%，是铸铁的两倍多。热浸镀锌：防锈力强，免维护及更换。防盗设计：盖与框用铰联接，防盗，安全，开启方便。节省投资：大跨。重载时，比铸铁价低且节省被盗话压碎更换的费用。 　　高强度：强度和韧性远高于铸铁，可用于码头，机场等大跨度和重载荷的环境。 　　镀锌钢栅板的应用适用于合金，建材，电站，锅炉，造船，石化，化工及一般工厂房、市政建设等 行业 ；用于城市道路，广场，园林，码头，机场，停车场，公路，铁路，工业工程等各类工业民用建筑。 

近年来，在铝板、铝塑板和蜂窝板的表面处理技术中，有向阳极氧化处理技术发展的趋势。对于铝板、铝塑板和蜂窝板的阳极氧化处理，应注意阳极氧化膜厚度的均匀性、颜色的均匀性和重现性。而要确保阳极氧化膜厚度的均匀性、颜色的均匀性和重现性，则必须严格控制铝合金的化学成分和阳极氧化的生产工艺。　　1、严格控制熔铸生产工艺。铸锭的化学成分控制范围必须尽可能的小，而且化学成分必须均匀。另外，熔炼工艺、铸造工艺和均质化处理工艺必须严格执行。　　2、选用合适的工装夹具。装挂夹具材料必须确保导电性良好，一般选用铜或铜合金夹具。已使用过的专用或通用工夹具如阳极氧化处理时再次使用，必须去除其表面氧化膜层，确保良好接触。　　3、严格控制阳极氧化温度。从阳极氧化成膜机理可知，阳极氧化温度较低时，形成的氧化膜致密，孔隙率小，随着阳极氧化温度的升高，氧化膜逐渐变疏松，孔隙率逐渐变大，膜层的颜色随温度升高逐渐变深。因此，阳极氧化温度是决定氧化膜致密程度的重要因素，也是决定氧化膜颜色均匀性的重要因素。　　4、严格控制阳极氧化电流密度。随着电流密度的升高，氧化膜的颜色逐渐变深，膜层的厚度先变厚而后又变薄，其原因是电流密度增加，膜孔隙加大，易于着色；电流密度减小，膜的生长速度减小，膜层致密，所以随着电流密度的升高，氧化膜的颜色逐渐变深。在其它条件不变的情况下，提高电流密度，氧化膜成长速度加快，可缩短氧化时间，膜层化学溶解量减少，膜较硬，耐磨性好。但电流密度不能升得太高，否则会因焦耳热的影响，膜孔内热效应加大，局部温升显著，氧化膜溶解速度加快，成膜速度反而下降。也就是说电流密度升高，在一定范围内可提高成膜生成速度，但达到一定值后，成膜速度反而下降。电流密度的大小直接影响氧化膜颜色的均匀性。

阳极氧化(anodic oxidation)，是将金属或合金的制件作为阳极，选用电解的方法使其表面构成氧化物薄膜。金属氧化物薄膜改变了表面状况和功能，提高了其耐腐蚀性、增强耐磨才能及硬度，然后维护金属表面。　　怎样区别阳极氧化　　1、阳极氧化抗静电，电表红黑南北极轻压铝板表面，指针读数很小甚至为0，仿冒品指针有读数，表明表面导电，且读数跳动不定，表明表面漆膜不均匀；　　2、阳极氧化表面后，密度很厚，不吸尘不沾油烟，重复接触后不会留有手印；　　3、其他防品在外观上和进口板十分类似，可是细心区别，可发现那些材料表面缺少金属光泽，摸起来较粗糙，材料发白；　　铝合金阳极氧化板材对铝基材的要求很高，作为阳极氧化铝的铝材的纯度要求适当高。当然，纯度越高的铝材报价就越高，这也是阳极氧化铝报价高的原因之一。所以，市道有许多的阳极氧化铝，顾客要注意辨认其真伪。怎样辨别其真伪呢？关于一般的顾客来说，有一个简单易行的方法，就是看原料表面是否有金属质感，真实的阳极氧化铝的氧化膜看上去、摸上去都是同金属自身构成一体的，没有人工覆上去的感觉。