冷轧板卷是以热轧卷为原料，在室温下在再结晶温度以下进行轧制而成，包括板和卷，国内众多钢厂如宝钢、武钢、鞍钢等均可以生产。其中成张交货的称为钢板，也称盒板或平板；长度很长、成卷交货的称为钢带，也称卷板。 生产过程中由于不进行加热，所以不存在热轧常出现的麻点和氧化铁皮等缺陷，表面质量好、光洁度高。而且冷轧产品的尺寸精度高，产品的性能和组织能满足一些特殊的使用要求，如电磁性能、深冲性能等。  　　规格：厚度为0.2-4mm，宽度为600-2 000mm，钢板长度为1 200-6 000mm。  　　牌号：Q195A-Q235A、Q195AF-Q235AF、Q295A(B)-Q345 A(B)；SPCC、SPCD、SPCE、ST12-15;DC01-06  　　性能：主要采用低碳钢牌号，要求具有良好的冷弯和焊接性能，以及一定的冲压性能。 钢号规格（厚*宽*长）冷轧板规格板0.4*1000*C0.5*1250*C0.35*1000*C 1.0*1000*C0.7*1020*C0.3*1000*C 0.4*1000*C1.5*1000*C2.5*1000*C 2.5*1000*C2.0*1250*C1.5*1250*C 1.0*1250*C1.0*1000*C1.0*1000*2000 1.2*1000*20001.5*1000*20000.5*1000*C 2.0*1000*20003.0*1000*20001.0*1250*2000 1.0*1250*25001.2*1250*20001.2*1250*2500 1.5*1250*20001.5*1250*20002.0*1250*2000 2.0*1250*25002.5*1250*20002.5*1250*2500 3.0*1250*20003.0*1250*25001.0*1250*2500 0.35*1000*20000.4*1000*20000.45*1000*2000 0.5*1000*20000.6*1000*20000.7*1000*2000 0.8*1000*20002.0*1000*20001.2*1000*2000 1.5*1000*20001.0*1250*2000

冷轧板带用途很广，如汽车制造、电气产品、机车车辆、航空、精密仪表、食品罐头等。 　　冷轧薄钢板是普通碳素结构钢冷轧板的简称，也称冷轧板，俗称冷板，有时会被误写成冷扎板。冷板是由普通碳素结构钢热轧钢带，经过进一步冷轧制成厚度小于4mm的钢板。由于在常温下轧制，不产生氧化铁皮，因此，冷板表面质量好，尺寸精度高，再加之退火处理，其机械性能和工艺性能都优于热轧薄钢板，在许多领域里，特别是家电制造领域，已逐渐用它取代热轧薄钢板。 　　适用牌号：Q195、Q215、Q235、Q275；SPCC（日本牌号）；ST12（德国牌号） 　　符号：冷轧板的用途 　　1、Q—普通碳素结构钢屈服点（极限）的代号，它是“屈”的第一个汉语拼音字母的大小写；195、215、235、255、275—分别表示它们屈服点（极限）的数值，单位：兆帕MPa（N/mm2）；由于Q235钢的强度、塑性、韧性和焊接性等综合机械性能在普通碳素结构钢中属最了，能较好地满足一般的使用要求，所以应用范围十分广泛。 　　2、S-钢（Steel）、P-板（Plate）、C-冷轧（cold）、第四位C-普通级（common）。 　　3、ST-钢（Steel）、12-普通级冷轧薄钢板、　 　　标记：尺寸精度—尺寸—钢板品种标准 　　冷轧钢板：钢号—技术条件标准 　　标记示例：B-0.57501500-GB708-88；钢板、标准号Q/BQB402，牌号SPCC，热处理状态退火+平整（S），表央加工状态为麻面D，表面质量为FB级的切边（切边EC，不切边EM）钢板、厚度0.5mm，B级精度，宽度1000mm，A级精度，长度2000mm，A级精度，不平度精度为PF.A，则标记为：钢板ECQ/BQB 402-SPCC-SD-FB/（0.51000A2000A-PF.A）； 　　冷轧钢板：Q225-GB912-89 　　主要产地有：宝钢、鞍钢、本钢、武钢、邯钢、包钢、唐钢、涟钢、济钢等 　　冷轧普通薄钢板 ：由普通碳素结构钢或低合金结构钢冷轧制成。冷轧板表面质量较好。具有良好的冲压性能。对其要求要保证冷弯和杯试验合格，常用于汽车等行业和镀层板的原料。 　　冷轧优质薄钢板：主要包括各种优质钢冷轧薄板，最常用的是碳素结构钢板，尤其是深冲压用冷轧薄钢板，是由低碳优质钢08Al冷轧的薄板，钢板按表面质量分为三组；Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ，分别表示特别高级、高级、较高的精整表面,按拉延级别分为ZF、HF、F级（代表用于冲制拉延最复杂、很复杂、复杂的零件）,根据钢板厚度允许偏差，又分为A、B两级精度、广泛用于汽车拖拉机工业。 　　冷轧钢板，表面光洁，加工优良，用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及产业设备、各种建筑材料。随着经济发展，冷轧钢板已被称为现代社会的必须材料。 冷轧产品的分类： 热轧酸洗、轧硬卷、普通冷轧、镀锌（电镀锌、耐指纹、热镀锌）、镀铝锌、电镀锡、彩涂、电工钢（矽钢片）等。 　　1、热轧酸洗：　　2、轧 硬 卷：在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。

冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。镀锌是在装有镀件、玻璃球、锌粉、水和促进剂的旋转滚桶内，作为冲击介质的玻璃球随着滚桶转动，与镀件表面发生摩擦和锤击产生机械物理能量，在化学促进剂的作用下，将镀涂的锌粉“冷焊”到镀件表面上，形成光滑、均匀和细致的具有一定厚度的镀层。镀锌分为热镀锌和电镀锌两种。热镀锌也叫热浸镀锌和热浸锌，是一种有效的 金属 防腐方式，主要用于各 行业 的 金属 结构设施上。是将除锈后的钢件浸入500℃左右融化的锌液中，使钢构件表面附着锌层，从而起到防腐的目的。电镀锌，是利用电解设备将管件经过除油、酸洗、后放入成分为锌盐的溶液中，并连接电解设备的负极，在管件的对面放置锌版，连接在电解设备的正极接通电源，利用电流从正极向负极的定向移动就会在管件上沉积一层锌，冷镀管件是先加工后镀锌。

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在6~13.5吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。产品特点因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。简单来说，冷轧，是在热软板扎的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧→酸洗→冷轧这样的加工过程。冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由热轧经过连续冷变形而成的冷轧，机械性能比较差，硬度太高，必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。化学成分（Wt%）牌号CSiMnPSCuSPCC0.02～0.08≤0.100.15～0.30≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q1950.06～0.12≤0.300.25～0.50≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q235-B0.12～0.20≤0.300.30～0.70≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050制作工序冷轧通常采用众轧的方式。冷轧生产的工序一般包括原料准备、酸洗、轧制、脱脂、退火(热处理)、精整等。冷轧以热轧产品为原料，冷轧前原料要先除磷，以保证冷轧产品的表面洁净。轧制是使材料变形的主要工序。脱脂的目的在于去除轧制时附在轧材上的润滑油脂，以免退火时污染钢材表面，对不锈钢也为防止增碳。退火包括中间退火和成品热处理，中间退火是通过再结晶消除冷变形时产生的加工硬化，以恢复材料的塑性及降低金属的变形抗力。成品热处理的目的除了通过再结晶消除硬化外。还在于根据产品的技术要求以获得所需要的组织(如各种织构等)和产品性能(如深冲、电磁性能等)。精整包括检查、剪切、矫直(平整)、打印、分类包装等内容。冷轧产品有很高的包装要求，以防止产品在运输过程中表面被刮伤。除上述工序外在生产一些特殊产品时还有各自的特殊工序。如轧制硅钢板时，在冷轧前要进行脱碳退火，轧后要进行涂膜、高温退火、拉伸矫直(见张力矫直)与回火等。用于冷轧带刚的轧机有二辊轧机、四辊轧机和多辊轧机。应用最多的是四辊轧机。轧制更薄的产品则要采用多辊轧机。多辊轧机的种类很多，如六辊轧机、偏八辊轧机，十二辊轧机，二十辊轧机等(见轧机)。随着对板形要求的提高，发展了许多改进板形的技术，如弯辊技术、窜辊技术和交叉轧辊技术等。冷轧带钢轧机按机架排列可分为单机可逆或不可逆式与多机连续式两类。前者适用于多品种、少批量或合金钢产品比例大的情况。它投资低、建厂快，但产量低，金属消耗较大。多机架连续轧制适合于产品品种较单一或者变动不大的情况，它有生产效率高、产量大的优点，但投资较大。与热轧带钢(见热连轧宽带钢生产工艺、热轧窄带钢生产)相比，冷轧带钢(见冷板扎带生产)的轧制工艺有以下特点：(1)采用工艺润滑和冷却，以降低轧制时的变形抗力和冷却轧辊；(2)采用大张力轧制，以降低变形抗力和保持轧制过程的稳定。采用的平均单位张力值为材料屈服强度的10%～60%，一般不超过50%；(3)采用多轧程轧制。由于冷轧使材料产生加工硬化，当总变形量达到60%～80%时，继续变形就变得很困难。为此要进行中间退火，使材料软化后轧制得以继续进行。为了得到要求的薄带钢，这样的中间退火可能要进行多次。两次中间退火之间的轧制称为一个轧程。冷轧带钢的退火在有保护气体的连续式退火炉或罩式退火炉中进行(见冷轧板带退火)。冷轧带钢的最小厚度目前可达到0.05mm，冷轧箔材可达到0.001mm。

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板，俗称冷板。　　冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。 　　一般来说，冷轧钢板分为三代产品：沸腾钢为第一代，铝镇静钢为第二代，无间隙原子刚（IF钢）为第三代。   您查询的关键词是：冷轧钢板  。如果打开速度慢，可以尝试快速版；如果想保存快照，可以添加到搜藏。 "冷轧钢板""2,冷轧钢板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.56",,"2.5","6000x1200 7000x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","22.25""0.45",,"4.01",,"2.75",,"24.48""0.5",,"4.45",,"3.0",,"26.70""0.6",,"5.34",,"3.5",,"31.50""0.7",,"6.23",,"4.0",,"35.60""0.8",,"7.12",,"4.5",,"40.05""0.9",,"8.01",,"5.0",,"44.50""1.0",,"8.90",,"5.5",,"48.95""1.1",,"9.79",,"6.0",,"53.40""1.2",,"10.68",,"6.5",,"57.85""1.35",,"12.02",,"7.0",,"62.30""1.5",,"13.35",,"7.5",,"66.75""1.65",,"14.60",,"8.0",,"71.20""1.8",,"16.02",,"9.0",,"80.10""2.0",,"17.80",,"10.0",,"89.00""2.25",,"20.03""冷轧铜条""2,冷轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.20","200~400","500~800","1.78",,"2.50","200~500","500~2000","22.25""0.25",,,"2.23",,"2.75",,,"24.48""0.30",,,"2.67",,"3.00",,"1000~2000","26.70""0.35",,,"3.12",,"3.50",,,"31.15""0.40","200~500","500~2000","3.56",,"4.00",,,"35.60""0.45",,,"4.01",,"4.50",,,"40.05""0.50",,,"4.45",,"5.00",,,"44.50""0.60",,,"5.34",,"5.50",,,"48.95""0.70",,,"6.23",,"6.00",,,"53.40""0.80",,,"7.12",,"6.50",,,"57.85""0.90",,,"8.01",,"7.00",,,"62.30""1.00",,,"8.90",,"8.00",,,"71.20""1.20",,,"10.68",,"9.00",,,"80.10""1.30",,,"11.57",,"10.00",,,"89.00""1.40",,,"12.46",,"11.00",,,"97.90""1.50",,,"13.35",,"12.00",,,"106.8""1.60",,,"14.69",,"13.00",,,"115.7""1.80",,,"16.02",,"14.00",,,"124.6""2.00",,,"17.80",,"15.00",,,"133.5""注 铜板和条(热轧,冷轧)的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4和TU和TUP,其化学成分应符合YB145-71规定""特殊用冷轧黄铜条""3,特殊用冷轧黄铜条(YB555-65)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)""0.20","200~300","500~1000","1.76",,"1.6","200~500","500~2000","14.08""0.25",,,"2.20",,"1.8",,,"15.84""0.30","200~400",,"2.64",,"2.0",,,"17.60""0.35",,,"3.08",,"2.5",,,"22.00""0.40","200~500",,"3.52",,"2.75",,,"24.20""0.45",,,"3.96",,"3.0",,,"26.40""0.50",,"500~2000","4.40",,"3.5",,,"30.80""0.55",,,"4.84",,"4.0",,,"35.20""0.60",,,"5.28",,"4.5",,,"39.60""0.70",,,"6.16",,"5.0",,,"44.00""0.80",,,"7.04",,"5.5",,,"48.40""0.90",,,"7.92",,"6.0",,,"52.80""1.0",,,"8.8",,"6.5",,,"57.20""1.2",,,"10.56",,"7.0",,,"61.60""1.3",,,"11.44",,"8.0",,,"70.40""1.4",,,"12.32",,"9.0",,,"79.20""1.5",,,"13.20",,"10.0",,,"88.00""注 (1)标记举例:用H80制成的,厚度为0.8mm,宽度为300mm,长度为1000mm的1/2硬条标记为:"" 条H80-Y20.8x300x1000YB555-65."" (2)冷轧条分为定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.""多面体的体积和表面积""多面体的体积和表面积""图形",,"尺寸符号",,"重心(G)""立方体",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方体∧棱柱∨",,,,"G0=h/2""三棱柱",,,,"Go=h/2""棱锥",,,,"Go=h/4""棱台""圆柱和空心圆柱∧管∨",,,,"Go=h/2""斜线直圆柱""直圆锥",,,,"Go=h/4""圆台""球",,,,"在球心上""球扇形∧球楔∨",,,,"Go=3/4(r-h/2)""球缺",,,,"Go=3(2r-h)2/4(3r-h)""圆环体∧胎∨",,,,"在环中心上""球带体",,,,"Go=h1+h/2""桶形",,,,"在轴交点上""椭球体",," a,b,c-半轴",,"在轴交点上""交叉圆柱体",,,,"在二轴交点上""梯形体""常用图形求面积,体积公式""常用图形求面积,体积公式""图形",,"尺寸符号","面积(F) 表面积(S)","重心(G)""正方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""三角形",,,,"GB=1/3BD CD=DA""平行四边形",,,,"对角线交点上""任意四边形""正多边形",,,,"在o点上""菱形",,,,"在对角线交点上""梯形""圆形",,,,"在圆心上""椭圆形",,"a·b-主轴","F= (π/4) a·b","在主轴交点G上""扇形""弓形""圆环",,,,"在圆心O""部分圆环""新月形",,,,"O1G=(π-P)L/2P","L d/10","2d/10 3d/10 4d/10","5d/10 6d/10 7d/10 ","8d/10 9d/10","P 0.40","0.79 1.18 1.56","1.91 2.25 2.55","2.81 3.02""抛物线形""等多边形",,," "," 在内,外接圆心处""冷轧黄钢板""4,冷轧黄钢板(YB460-71)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)""0.20","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","1.70",,"2.00","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","17.00""0.25",,"2.13",,"2.25",,"19.13""0.30",,"2.55",,"2.50",,"21.25""0.35",,"2.98",,"2.75",,"23.38""0.40",,"3.40",,"3.00",,"25.50""0.45",,"3.82",,"3.50",,"29.75""0.50",,"4.25",,"4.00",,"34.00""0.60",,"5.10",,"4.50",,"38.20""0.70",,"5.95",,"5.00",,"42.50""0.80",,"6.80",,"5.50",,"46.75""0.90",,"7.65",,"6.00",,"51.00""1.00",,"8.50",,"6.50",,"55.25""1.10",,"9.35",,"7.00",,"59.50""1.20",,"10.20",,"7.50",,"63.75""1.35",,"11.48",,"8.00",,"68.00""1.50",,"12.75",,"9.00",,"76.50""1.65",,"14.03",,"10.00",,"85.00""1.80",,"15.30""注 (1)冷轧软板仅供应H59,H62,H68,H80,H90,H96,HMn58-2,HPb59-1牌号.""(2)冷轧1/2硬板仅供应H62,H65,H68,H90,HMn58-2牌号.""(3)冷轧特硬板仅供应H62牌号.""(4)冷轧板材长度分为:定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.其通常长度为500~2000mm,但长度不得小于宽度.""特殊用冷轧黄钢板""5,特殊用冷轧黄钢板(YB555-65)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.52",,"2.25","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","19.60""0.45",,"3.96",,"2.50",,"22.00""0.50",,"4.40",,"2.75",,"24.20""0.55",,"4.84",,"3.0",,"26.40""0.60",,"5.28",,"3.5",,"30.80""0.70",,"6.16",,"4.0",,"35.20""0.80",,"7.04",,"4.5",,"39.60""0.90",,"7.92",,"5.0",,"44.00""1.0",,"8.80",,"5.5",,"48.40""1.1",,"9.68",,"6.0",,"52.80""1.2",,"10.56",,"6.5",,"57.20""1.35",,"11.88",,"7.0",,"61.60""1.5",,"13.20",,"7.5",,"66.60""1.65",,"14.52",,"8.0",,"70.40""1.8",,"15.84",,"9.0",,"79.20""2.0",,"17.60",,"10.0",,"88.00""注 标记举例:用H90制成的,厚度为2.5mm,宽度为600mm,长度为1200mm的软板标记为:"" 板H90M2.5x600x1200xYB555-65.""铝及铝合金板""6,铝及铝合金板""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)"0.5,"1.40",,"2.5","7.00",,"9.0","25.2",,"25","70.0"0.6,"1.68",,"3.0","8.40",,"10.0","28.0",,"30","84.0"0.8,"2.24",,"3.5","9.80",,"12.0","33.6",,"35","98.0""1.0","2.80",,"4.0","11.20",,"14.0","39.2",,"40","112.0""1.2","3.36",,"5.0","14.00",,"16.0","44.8",,"50","140.0""1.5","4.20",,"6.0","16.80",,"18.0","50.4",,"60","168.0""1.8","5.04",,"7.0","19.60",,"20.0","56.0",,"70","196.0""2.0","5.60",,"8.0","22.40",,"22.0","61.6",,"80","224.0""注 (1)板的宽度有1000,1200和500mm;板的长度有2000,3000和4000mm."" (2)理论重量按LY11,LY12和LD10等牌号铝合金的比重2.8计算,对于其他牌号的铝合金和工业纯铝,应乘以"" 下列换算系数:LD2-0.961;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975;LC4-1.018;工业纯铝-0.967.""铅板""7,铅板(GB1470-79)""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)""1.0","11.37",,"3.0","34.11",,"5.0","56.85",,"9.0","102.33""1.5","17.06",,"3.5","39.80",,"6.0","68.22",,"10.0","113.70""2.0","22.74",,"4.0","45.48",,"7.0","79.59",,"12.0","136.44""2.5","28.43",,"4.5","51.17",,"8.0","90.96",,"16.0","170.55""注 (1)铅的化学成分按GB469-64标准."" (2)板材理论重量按比重为11.34计算,宽度按500mm进张."" (3)板材成卷供应,厚度大于15mm的板材,以片状供应,厚度不大于1.5mm的板材,应用木箱包装.""纯铜带"",纯铜带(YB464-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.05","18~150","≥20","0.44",,"0.50","18~300","≥10","4.45""0.06",,,"0.53",,"0.55",,,"4.90""0.07",,,"0.62",,"0.60",,,"5.34""0.08",,,"0.71",,"0.65",,,"5.79""0.09",,,"0.80",,"0.70",,,"6.23""0.10","18~300",,"0.89",,"0.75",,,"6.68""0.12",,,"1.07",,"0.80",,,"7.12""0.15",,,"1.34",,"0.85",,,"7.57""0.18",,,"1.60",,"0.90",,,"8.01""0.20",,,"1.78",,"1.00",,,"8.90""0.22",,,"1.96",,"1.10",,,"9.79""0.25",,,"2.23",,"1.20",,"≥7","10.68""0.30",,,"2.67",,"1.30",,,"11.57""0.35",,,"3.12",,"14.40",,,"12.46""0.40",,,"3.56",,"1.50",,,"13.35""0.45",,,"4.01""注 纯铜带的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4,TUP,其化学成分符合YB145-71的规定.""铝带""9,铝带""宽 度 (mm)","厚 度 (mm)","3","4","5","6","8","10","12","重 量 (kg/m)""10","0.080","0.107","0.134 0.161 0.268 0.335 0.402 0.536 0.670 0.804 1.072 1.340 1.608","0.161","0.214","0.268","0.322""12","0.096","0.129",,"0.193","0.257","0.322","0.386""15","0.121","0.161",,"0.241","0.322","0.402","0.482""20","0.161","0.214",,"0.322","0.429","0.568","0.643""25","0.201","0.268",,"0.402","0.568","0.670","0.804""30","0.241","0.332",,"0.482","0.643","0.804","0.965""40","0.322","0.429",,"0.643","0.858","1.072","1.286""50","0.402","0.536",,"0.804","1.072","1.340","1.608""60","0.482","0.643",,"0.965","1.286","1.608","1.930""80","0.643","0.858",,"1.286","1.715","2.144","2.573""100","0.804","1.072",,"1.608","2.144","2.680","3.216""120","0.965","1.286",,"1.930","2.573","3.216","3.859""注 表中重量系以LY11,LY12,(比重2.8)为准,其他合金应乘以下列系数:"" L1~L6-0.967;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975.""热轧铜条""1,热轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""4.0","200~500","≥1000","35.60",,"8.0","200~500","≥1000","71.20""4.5",,,"40.05",,"9.0",,,"80.10""5.0",,,"44.05",,"10.0",,,"89.0""5.5",,,"48.95",,"11.0",,,"97.9""6.0",,,"53.40",,"12.0",,,"106.8""6.5",,,"57.85",,"13.0",,,"115.7""7.0",,,"62.30",,"14.0",,,"124.6""7.5",,,"66.75",,"15.0",,,"133.5""英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""(二)英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm""0","0.324","8.230",,"14","0.080","2.032",,"28","0.0148","0.376""1","0.300","7.020",,"15","0.072","1.829",,"29","0.0136","0.345""2","0.276","7.010",,"16","0.064","1.626",,"30","0.0124","0.315""3","0.252","6.401",,"17","0.056","1.422",,"31","0.0116","0.295""4","0.232","5.893",,"18","0.048","1.219",,"32","0.0108","0.274""5","0.212","5.385",,"19","0.040","1.016",,"33","0.0100","0.254""6","0.192","4.877",,"20","0.036","0.914",,"34","0.0092","0.234""7","0.176","4.470",,"21","0.032","0.813",,"35","0.0084","0.213""8","0.160","4.064",,"22","0.028","0.711",,"36","0.0076","0.193""9","0.144","3.658",,"23","0.024","0.610",,"37","0.0068","0.173""10","0.128","3.251",,"24","0.022","0.559",,"38","0.0060","0.152""11","0.116","2.946",,"25","0.020","0.508",,"39","0.0052","0.132"12,"0.104","2.642",,"26","0.018","0.457",,"40","0.0048","0.122"13,"0.092","2.337",,"27","0.0164","0.417",,"41","0.0044","0.112""刺钢丝""三)刺钢丝规格和重量""说 明 和 用 途",,"钢丝划号 (号)","刺间距离 (mm)","每kg长度 (m)","重量 (kg/km)""刺钢丝又名刺铁丝,俗称"花园铅丝"(因常作花园围墙篱笆之用,故名),系以镀锌钢丝经机器铰缠而成(一般用#12或#14钢丝制作).适于作各种围墙(尤其是公园围墙和临时建筑场地 的围墙)篱笆或障碍物用.",,"12","65","6.4","156",,,"75","7.2","139",,,"100","7.9","127",,,"125","8.6","116",,"14","65","10.9","91.8",,,"75","11.5","86.9",,,"100","13.0","76.9",,,"125","14.0","71.4""注 (1)刺钢丝规格的注写方法为"钢丝直径(号数)x尖数x刺间距离",或"钢丝直径(号数)x刺间距离"."" (2)表列刺钢丝的"每kg长度"和"重量",仅供参考.""刻痕钢丝""四)刻痕钢丝规格和重量""直径 (mm)","断面积 (mm2)","重量 (kg/m)"," 抗 拉 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,"屈 服 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,,"I组","II组","I组","II组""2.5","4.90","0.034","190","160","152","128""3","7.06","0.056","180","150","144","120""4","12.56","0.094","170","140","136","112""5","19.63","0.150","160","130","126","104""注 刻痕钢丝是由预应力混凝土结构用碳素钢丝(冷拔高强度钢丝)在经特制的"刻痕机"进行刻痕而制成的"" 预应力钢筋混凝土结构用的钢丝.""钢丝网""五)钢丝网规格和重量""号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)"20,"1.6","1.5",,"6","2.0","6.7",,"2.5","0.7","2.0",,"1","0.3","0.9","3.0","5.1",,"5.5","0.5","0.6",,"2.2","0.45","1.0",,,"0.35","1.2""18","1.6","1.7",,,"1.6","4.7",,,"0.6","1.6",,"0.9","0.25","0.7","3.0","5.7",,,"2.0","7.2",,,"0.8","2.9",,,"0.3","1.0""16","1.6","1.9",,"5","0.7","1.1",,"2","0.4","0.9",,,"0.4","1.6","3.0","6.3",,,"1.4","4.1",,,"0.5","1.3",,"0.8","0.22","0.6""14","1.4","1.7",,,"2.2","8.9",,,"0.6","1.9",,,"0.28","0.9","2.5","4.9",,"4.5","0.5","0.7",,,"1.2","6.0",,,"0.3","1.0""12","1.2","1.4",,,"1.0","2.3",,"1.8","0.4","0.9",,"0.7","0.2","0.6","2.5","5.7",,,"1.8","6.8",,,"0.5","1.4",,,"0.25","0.9""11","1.2","1.5",,"4","0.6","1.0",,,"0.7","2.6",,,"0.30","1.2","2.5","6.1",,,"1.0","2.6",,"1.6","0.3","0.6",,"0.63","0.22","0.7""10","1.0","1.2",,,"1.4","4.8",,,"0.4","1.0",,,"0.25","0.9","2.5","6.6",,"3.5","0.7","1.5",,,"0.45","1.3",,,"0.28","1.2""9","1.0","1.3",,,"1.0","2.9",,"1.4","0.30","0.7",,"0.56","0.22","0.8","2.2","5.7",,,"1.2","4.0",,,"0.35","0.9",,,"0.25","1.0""8","0.7","0.7",,"3.2","0.45","0.7",,,"0.65","2.7",,,"0.28","1.2","1.2","2.1",,,"0.9","2.7",,"1.2","0.28","0.7",,"0.5","0.22","0.9","1.8","4.5",,,"1.2","4.3",,,"0.35","1.0",,,"0.25","1.1""7","0.7","0.8",,"2.8","0.4","0.7",,,"0.4","1.3",,,"0.3","1.5","1.2","2.3",,,"0.7","1.8",,"1.1","0.28","0.7",,"0.45","0.2","0.8","1.8","5.0",,,"1.0","3.6",,,"0.35","1.1",,,"0.25","1.2""6","0.7","0.9",,"2.5","0.4","0.7",,,"0.40","1.4",,,"0.2","0.9","1.2","2.7",,,"0.5","1.1",,"1","0.25","0.7",,"0.4","0.25","1.3""钢板网""六)钢板网规格和重量""品 种","规 格 (mm)",,,,,,"每张大约重量(kg)","生产单位","丝梗厚度 h","孔眼宽度 T","丝梗宽度 b","节 距 t","网面宽度 B","网面长度 L""小","0.5","9","1","25","1800","600","0.875","上海中国钢板网厂",,,,,"2000",,"0.875","0.6","9","1","25","1800","600","1.000",,,,,"2000",,"1.125","0.7","9","1","25","1800","600","1.125",,,,,"2000",,"1.250""网","0.75","9","1","25","1800","600","1.250",,,,,"2000",,"1.375","0.8","9","1","25","1800","600","1.375",,,,,"2000",,"1.500","1","9","1","25","1500","600","1.625",,,,,"1800",,"1.875",,,,,"2000",,"2.125""大","0.5","7","1.2","2.5","1800","2800","5.85","上海中国钢板网厂","1","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","11.70",,"9","1.2","25","1500","3000","7.95",,,,,"1800","3600","11.70",,"9","1.1","25","2000","4000","14.76",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","11.70",,,,,"2000","4000","14.60","1.2","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","14.04",,"9","1.2","25","1800","3600","14.04",,,"1.1","25","2000","4000","17.71",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","14.04""网",,,,,"2000","4000","17.71","1.5","11","1.6","40","1800","3600","17.55",,"17","2.3","65","2000","4000","22.14","2","17","2.3","65","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"22","3.0","75","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"27","3.8","100","2000","4000","29.52","3","36","4.6","115","2000","4000","44.28",,"45","6.1","150""钢丝纱""七)钢丝纱(窗纱)规格和重量""规 格","面 积(m2/卷)","重 量",,"(kg/卷)","(kg/m2)""14目3x100","27.87","12.5","0.448""14目4x100","37.16","16.6","0.448""16目3x100",27.87,13.5,"0.484""16目4x100",37.16,"18.0","0.484""紫铜丝布""(八)紫铜丝布(紫铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","22","2.691",,"30","30","2.5116",,"65","36","1.9734""10","24","2.691",,"35","31","1.9734",,"70","36","1.9734""12","24","3.0498",,"40","32","1.9734",,"75","37","1.9734""16","26","2.1528",,"45","33","1.9734",,"80","37","1.9734""20","27","2.1528",,"50","34","1.9734",,"100","39","1.7940""24","30","2.1528",,"55","35","1.9734""28","30","2.3322",,"60","35","1.7940""黄铜丝布""(九)黄铜丝布(黄铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","24","1.5787",,"24","34","0.8611",,"50","38","0.6458""10","26","1.2375",,"26","34","0.8252",,"60","41","0.3947""12","27","1.2558",,"28","36","0.5386",,"70","42","0.3347""14","27","1.3276",,"30","36","0.5741",,"80","43","0.3767""16","32","0.6100",,"32","36","0.6100",,"90","43","0.4306""18","33","0.6100",,"34","36","0.6279",,"100","43","0.5023""20","33","0.7176",,"36","36","0.7176",,"110","44","0.3347""22","33","0.8611",,"40","36","0.4844",,"120","44","0.4485""铝及铝合金直角角型材""1,铝及铝合金直角角型材(XC111)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b"1,"12","1","0.234","0.065",,"25","25","1.3","0.734","0.204",,"49","38.3","5","3.590","0.998"2,"12","2","0.440","0.122",,"26","25","1.6","0.777","0.216",,"50","38.3","6.3","4.444","1.235"3,"12.5","1.6","0.377","0.105",,"27","25","2","0.964","0.268",,"51","40","2","1.564","0.435"4,"15","1","0.294","0.082",,"28","25","2.5","1.189","0.331",,"52","40","2.5","1.944","0.540"5,"15","1.2","0.353","0.098",,"29","25","3","1.410","0.392",,"53","40","3","2.320","0.645"6,"15","1.5","0.434","0.121",,"30","25","3.2","1.509","0.429",,"54","40","3.5","2.671","0.743"7,"15","2","0.564","0.157",,"31","25","3.5","1.641","0.456",,"55","40","3.5","2.694","0.749"8,"15","3","0.820","0.223",,"32","25","4","1.857","0.516",,"56","40","4","3.057","0.850"9,"16","1.6","0.429","0.119",,"33","25","5","2.242","0.623",,"57","40","5","3.750","1.043"10,"16","2.4","0.726","0.202",,"34","27","2","1.041","0.289",,"58","45","4","3.475","0.961"11,"18","1.5","0.524","0.146",,"35","27","2","1.090","0.303",,"59","45","5","4.277","1.189"12,"18","2","0.684","0.190",,"36","30","1.5","0.884","0.246",,"60","50","3","2.920","0.812"13,"19","1.6","0.585","0.163",,"37","30","2","1.164","0.324",,"61","50","4","3.857","1.072"14,"19","2.4","0.861","0.239",,"38","30","2.5","1.438","0.400",,"62","50","5","4.777","1.328"15,"19","3.2","1.125","0.313",,"39","30","3","1.720","0.478",,"63","50","6","5.655","1.572"16,"20","1","0.397","0.110",,"40","30","4","2.240","0.623",,"64","50","6.5","6.110","1.699"17,"20","1.2","0.473","0.131",,"41","32","2.4","1.491","0.415",,"65","50","12","10.600","2.947"18,"20","1.5","0.584","0.162",,"42","32","3.2","1.957","0.554",,"66","60","5","5.777","1.606"19,"20","2","0.764","0.212",,"43","32","3.5","2.131","0.592",,"67","60","6","6.855","1.906"20,"20","3","1.140","0.137",,"44","32","6.5","3.723","1.036",,"68","75","7","10.010","2.783"21,"20","4","1.475","0.410",,"45","35","3","2.005","0.557",,"69","75","8","11.360","3.158"22,"20.5","1.6","0.633","0.176",,"46","35","4","2.657","0.739",,"70","75","10","14.000","3.892"23,"23","2","0.680","0.245",,"47","38","2.4","1.773","0.498",,"71","90","5","8.750","2.433"24,"25","1.2","0.597","0.166",,"48","38.3","3.5","2.562","0.712",,"72","90","8","13.760","3.825""注 (1)铝及铝合金型材的尺寸,规格等摘自冶金工业部1970年颁发的《铝及铝镁合金挤压型材》."" (2)表内理论重量均按LY12合金比重(2.78)进行计算,其他材料的比重及换算系数如下:L1~L7(2.71)-0.975;"" LF2(2.68)-0.964;LF11(2.65)-0.953;LF21(2.73)-0.982;LD2(2.70)-0.971;"" LY11(2.80)-1.007;LY12(2.78)-1.000."" (3)铝型材主要生产单位有哈尔滨和西北铝加工厂等.西北铝加工厂的产品断面为100~400cm2,宽度小于530mm."" (4)铝及铝合金型材规格的表示方法是型材类别组号加序号,如XC111-4,其中,XC表示型材,后面的数字依次为"" 类别,组号,连字符后的数字为顺序号.""铝及铝合金直丁字型材""2,铝及铝合金直丁字型材(XC211)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"15","25","1","0.405","0.113",,"34","32","45","3","2.259","0.628"2,"19","50","2","1.378","0.383",,"35","32","48","2.4","1.874","0.521"3,"20","20","2","0.760","0.211",,"36","32","50","3","2.423","0.674"4,"20","30","1.5","0.740","0.206",,"37","35","32","1.5","1.000","0.278"5,"20","35","2","1.060","0.295",,"38","35","35","4","2.713","0.754"6,"20","37","2","1.117","0.311",,"39","35","40","2","1.468","0.408"7,"20","42","2","1.200","0.334",,"40","37","42","2","1.500","0.417"8,"20","42","2","1.240","0.345",,"41","38","44","5","3.910","1.087"9,"20","45","2","1.860","0.517",,"42","38","50","3.5","3.026","0.841"10,"20","90","2","2.160","0.600",,"43","38","50","4.8","3.990","1.109"11,"21","53","1.8","1.300","0.361",,"44","39","75","5","5.510","1.532"12,"22","48","1.4","1.960","0.267",,"45","40","36","5","3.350","0.933"13,"25","29","1.6","0.847","0.25",,"46","40","45","3","2.479","0.689"14,"25","35","1.5","0.890","0.247",,"47","40","45","4","3.274","0.910"15,"25","38","2.5","1.510","0.420",,"48","40","68","3","3.300","0.917"16,"25","40","2","1.280","0.356",,"49","40","130","6","9.840","2.736"17,"25","45","2.5","1.726","0.480",,"50","42","64","4","4.100","1.140"18,"25","45","3","2.019","0.561",,"51","45","40","2.2","1.860","0.517"19,"25","45","4","2.708","0.753",,"52","50","70","4","4.640","1.300"20,"25","48","1.4","1.012","0.288",,"53","51","51","2.4","2.443","0.679"21,"25","48","1.5","1.082","0.301",,"54","54","50","3","3.040","0.845"22,"25","50","2","1.499","0.417",,"55","54","68","3","3.608","1.003"23,"25","50","2.5","1.851","0.515",,"56","64","50","5","5.781","1.607"24,"26","38","2.5","1.554","0.432",,"57","63","50","2","2.320","0.645"25,"27","70","2","1.920","0.534",,"58","70","37","2","2.100","0.584"26,"29","38","1.6","1.055","0.293",,"59","70","55","2","2.460","0.684"27,"29","58","2.5","2.180","0.606",,"60","74","66","6","8.080","2.246"28,"29","58","3.5","2.991","0.831",,"61","75","40","3","3.400","0.945"29,"30","40","1.5","1.040","0.289",,"62","80","50","2","2.560","0.712"30,"30","40","2","1.370","0.381",,"63","80","60","3","4.110","1.143"31,"30","45","3","2.150","0.597",,"64","83","50","3","3.953","1.099"32,"30","56","4","3.280","0.912",,"65","90","77","10","15.700","4.365"33,"30","68","6.5","6.100","1.696""热轧铜板""1,热轧铜板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽 度 (mm)",,,,,,,,"理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)","600~900","1000~1200","1300~1500","1600~1800","1900~2200","2300~2500","2600~2800","2900~3000","最 大 长 度 (mm)""5.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"44.50""5.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"48.95""6.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"53.40""6.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"57.85""7.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"62.30""7.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"66.75""8.0","4000","5000","6000","5500","4800","4200","3700","3500","71.20""9.0","4000","5000","6000","5000","4200","3700","3300","3100","80.10""10.0","4000","5000","5500","4500","3800","3300","3000","3000","89.0""11.0","4000","5000","5000","4000","3400","3300","2800",,"97.9""12.0","4000","5000","4500","3800","3100","2800",,,"106.8""13.0","4000","5000","4000","3600","2900",,,,"115.7""14.0","4000","4500","3800","3300","2700",,,,"124.6""15.0","4500","4300","3600","3100","2500",,,,"133.5""16.0","4500","4300","3400","2000","2400",,,,"142.4""17.0","4500","4000","3200","2700","2200",,,,"151.3""18.0","4500","3900","3000","2600",,,,,"160.2""19.0","4500","3700","2800","2400",,,,,"169.1""20.0","4500","3500","2600","2300",,,,,"178.0""21.0","4000","3300","2500","2200",,,,,"186.9""22.0","4000","3000","2400","2100",,,,,"195.8""23.0","4000","3000","2400","2000",,,,,"204.7""24.0","3500","2800","2200","1900",,,,,"213.6""25.0","3500","2800","2000","1800",,,,,"222.5""注 热轧板的宽度按100mm进级.""铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材(XC511)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积 (mm2)","理论重量 (kg/m)","H","B","b"1,"23","38","1.2","1.178","0.327"2,"26","34.5","3.5","3.157","0.875"3,"57","48","8","11.000","3.058"4,"68","38","2.5","3.509","0.976"5,"86","60","6","11.600","3.225""铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材(XC411)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"12.7","15.9","1.6","0.688","0.191",,11,"38","25","3","2.613","0.726"2,"20","15","1.2","0.578","0.163",,12,"44","25","4","3.690","1.001"3,"20","15","1.5","0.721","0.200",,13,"50","19","2.5","2.102","0.584"4,"25","18","1.5","0.885","0.246",,14,"80","30","3","4.020","1.118"5,"25","23","3.5","2.267","0.630",,15,"80","35","4","5.680","1.579"6,"31","25","2.5","1.900","0.528",,16,"80","40","4","6.080","1.690"7,"32","14","1.9","1.000","0.303",,17,"100","30","3","4.620","1.284"8,"34","25","3.5","2.764","0.768",,18,"100","35","4","6.480","1.801"9,"36","26","2.5","2.075","0.577",,19,"100","40","4","6.880","1.913"10,"36","31.5","3.2","2.960","0.823""铝及铝合金槽形型材""3,铝及铝合金槽形型材(XC311)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"13","13","1.6","0.561","0.156",,"31","45","40","3","3.638","1.011"2,"13","34","3.5","2.579","0.717",,"32","46","25","5","4.300","1.195"3,"20","15","1.3","0.620","0.172",,"33","50","20","4","5.331","0.926"4,"21","28","4","2.868","0.797",,"34","50","30","2","2.120","0.589"5,"25","13","2.4","1.134","0.315",,"35","50","30","4","4.131","1.148"6,"25","15","1.5","0.795","0.221",,"36","55","25","5","4.819","1.340"7,"25","18","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"37","55","30","3","3.299","0.917"8,"25","18","2","1.140","0.317",,"38","60","25","4","4.131","1.148"9,"25","20","2.5","1.520","0.423",,"39","60","35","5","6.000","1.668"10,"25","20","4","2.280","0.634",,"40","60","40","4","4.480","1.245"11,"25","25","5","3.250","0.904",,"41","63","38.3","4.8","6.275","1.744"12,"30","15","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"42","64","38","4","5.300","1.473"13,"30","18","1.5","0.960","0.267",,"43","70","25","3","3.449","0.959"14,"30","20","2","1.335","0.371",,"44","70","25","5","5.500","1.529"15,"30","22","6","3.870","1.076",,"45","70","26","3.2","3.700","1.028"16,"32","25","1.8","1.437","0.399",,"46","70","30","4","4.931","1.371"17,"32","25","2.5","1.925","0.535",,"47","70","40","5","7.080","1.968"18,"35","20","2.5","1.770","0.492",,"48","75","45","5","7.831","2.177"19,"35","30","2","1.833","0.510",,"49","80","30","4.5","6.010","1.671"20,"38","50","5","6.560","1.824",,"50","80","35","4.5","6.414","1.783"21,"40","18","2","1.453","0.404",,"51","80","35","6","8.280","2.302"22,"40","18","2.5","1.795","0.499",,"52","80","40","4","6.131","1.704"23,"40","18","3","2.129","0.592",,"53","80","40","6","8.900","2.474"24,"40","21","4","2.960","0.823",,"54","80","60","4","7.480","2.079"25,"40","25","2","1.730","0.481",,"55","90","50","6","10.680","2.969"26,"40","25","3","2.549","0.709",,"56","100","40","6","10.080","2.802"27,"40","30","3.5","3.250","0.904",,"57","100","48","6.3","11.550","3.211"28,"40","32","3","2.978","0.828",,"58","100","50","5","9.580","2.663"29,"40","50","4","5.280","1.468",,"59","128","40","9","17.100","4.754"30,"45","20","3","2.370","0.659""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管1""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","0.25","0.30","0.40","0.50","0.60","0.80","1.0","1.2",1.4,"1.5",1.6,1.8,"2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""50",,,,,,,"1.21","1.44","1.68","1.79","1.91","2.14","2.37","2.59","2.93","3.25","3.48","3.70","4.01","4.54","5.05","5.55""(51)",,,,,,,"1.23","1.47","1.71","1.83","1.96","2.18","2.42","2.64","2.99","3.32","3.55","3.79","4.10","4.64","5.16","5.67""53",,,,,,,"1.28","1.53","1.78","1.91","2.03","2.27","2.52","2.76","3.11","3.46","3.70","3.94","4.27","4.83","5.38","5.92""(54)",,,,,,,"1.31","1.59","1.82","1.94","2.07","2.31","2.56","2.81","3.18","3.53","3.77","4.02","4.36","4.93","5.49","6.04""56",,,,,,,"1.36","1.62","1.89","2.02","2.15","2.40","2.66","2.92","3.30","3.66","3.92","4.17","4.53","5.13","5.71","6.29""(57)",,,,,,,"1.38","1.65","1.92","2.05","2.18","2.45","2.71","2.97","3.36","3.74","4.00","4.25","4.62","5.23","5.83","6.41""60",,,,,,,"1.46","1.74","2.02","2.16","2.31","2.58","2.86","3.13","3.55","3.94","4.22","4.49","4.88","5.52","6.16","6.78""63",,,,,,,"1.53","1.83","2.13","2.27","2.42","2.71","3.01","3.30","3.72","4.15","4.44","4.73","5.13","5.81","6.49","7.14""65",,,,,,,"1.58","1.89","2.20","2.35","2.50","2.80","3.11","3.40","3.85","4.29","4.59","4.89","5.31","6.02","6.71","7.40""(68)",,,,,,,"1.65","1.98","2.36","2.46","2.62","2.93","3.26","3.57","4.04","4.49","4.81","5.12","5.57","6.31","7.05","7.77""70",,,,,,,"1.70","2.03","2.37","2.53","2.70","3.02","3.35","3.68","4.16","4.36","4.96","5.23","5.74","6.51","7.27","8.01""(73)",,,,,,,"1.78","2.12","2.47","2.64","2.82","3.16","3.50","3.84","4.35","4.84","5.18","5.52","6.00","6.81","7.60","8.38""75",,,,,,,"1.82","2.18","2.54","2.71","2.90","3.24","3.60","3.95","4.46","4.97","5.32","5.68","6.17","7.00","7.82","8.62""(76)",,,,,,,"1.85","2.21","2.57","2.76","2.94","3.29","3.65","4.00","4.53","5.05","5.40","5.75","6.26","7.10","7.93","8.75""80",,,,,,,,,"2.71","2.90","3.09","3.47","3.84","4.22","4.77","5.32","5.69","6.07","6.60","7.49","8.37","9.24""(83)",,,,,,,,,"2.82","3.02","3.21","3.60","4.00","4.37","4.96","5.52","5.92","6.31","6.86","7.79","8.71","9.62""85",,,,,,,,,"2.88","3.08","3.29","3.69","4.09","4.48","5.08","5.66","6.06","6.46","7.04","7.98","8.93","9.83""(89)",,,,,,,,,"3.02","3.24","3.45","3.86","4.29","4.70","5.33","5.94","6.36","6.77","7.38","8.38","9.38","10.33""90",,,,,,,,,"3.05","3.27","3.49","3.91","4.34","4.76","5.39","6.01","6.43","6.86","7.47","8.47","9.49","10.47""95",,,,,,,,,"3.21","3.46","3.68","4.13","4.59","5.02","5.70","6.36","6.81","7.26","7.90","8.98","10.04","11.10"100,,,,,,,,,"3.40","3.64","3.88","4.35","4.83","5.30","6.00","6.70","7.17","7.65","8.32","9.46","10.59","11.70""(102)",,,,,,,,,"3.46","3.73","3.97","4.45","4.93","5.40","6.13","6.84","7.32","7.81","8.50","9.67","10.82","11.96""(108)",,,,,,,,,"3.67","3.95","4.21","4.72","5.23","5.74","6.50","7.25","7.77","8.29","9.02","10.26","11.49","12.70"110,,,,,,,,,"3.74","4.03","4.28","4.81","5.32","5.84","6.62","7.39","7.92","8.43","9.19","10.46","11.70","12.93"120,,,,,,,,,,"4.36","4.66","5.25","5.83","6.38","7.24","8.07","8.66","9.22","10.06","11.44","12.93","14.30"125,,,,,,,,,,,,"5.46","6.06","6.64","7.54","8.42","9.02","9.61","10.50","11.91","13.37","14.80"130,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"7.86","8.78","9.40","10.00","10.92","12.43","13.92","15.48""(133)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"8.05","8.98","9.59","10.25","11.18","12.75","14.26","15.75"140,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.11","10.79","11.80","13.42","15.05","16.65"150,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.85","11.52","12.65","14.39","16.11","17.85"160,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"13.53","15.38","17.25","19.09"170,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"14.31","16.31","18.35","20.30"180,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"15.20","17.30","19.50","21.59"190,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"18.29","20.60","22.80"200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"19.67","21.65","24.00""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管2""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","5.5","6.0","6.5","7.0","7.5","8.0","8.5","9","9.5","10",11,12,"钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""5""6""7""8""9""10","0.518","0.536","0.561""11","0.592","0.615","0.647""12","0.666","0.694","0.734","0.789""(13)","0.740","0.774","0.820","0.888""14","0.814","0.852","0.906","0.986""(15)","0.888","0.932","0.993","1.09","1.17","1.23""16","0.962","1.10","1.08","1.18","1.28","1.35""(17)","1.04","1.09","1.17","1.28","1.39","1.48""18","1.11","1.17","1.25","1.38","1.50","1.60""(19)","1.18","1.25","1.34","1.48","1.61","1.73","1.54","1.92""20","1.26","1.33","1.42","1.58","1.72","1.85","1.97","2.07""(21)","1.33","1.41","1.51","1.68","1.83","1.97","2.10","2.22""22","1.41","1.49","1.60","1.77","1.94","2.10","2.24","2.37""(23)","1.48","1.57","1.68","1.87","2.05","2.22","2.37","2.52""(24)","1.55","1.64","1.77","1.97","2.16","2.34","2.51","2.66","2.81","2.93""25","1.63","1.72","1.86","2.07","2.28","2.47","2.64","2.81","2.97","3.11""(27)","1.78","1.88","2.03","2.27","2.50","2.71","2.92","3.11","3.29","3.45""28","1.85","1.96","2.11","2.37","2.61","2.84","3.05","3.26","3.45","3.68""29","1.92","2.02","2.20","2.47","2.72","2.96","3.19","3.40","3.60","3.80","3.98""30","2.00","2.12","2.29","2.56","2.83","3.08","3.32","3.55","3.77","3.97","4.16","4.34""32","2.15","1.28","2.46","2.76","3.05","3.33","3.59","3.85","4.09","4.32","4.53","4.74""34","2.29","2.43","2.63","2.96","3.27","3.58","3.87","4.14","4.41","4.66","4.90","5.13""(35)","2.37","2.51","2.72","3.06","3.38","3.70","4.00","4.29","4.57","4.83","5.09","5.33""36","2.44","2.59","2.81","3.16","3.50","3.82","4.14","4.44","4.73","5.01","5.27","5.52""38","2.59","2.75","2.98","3.35","3.72","4.07","4.41","4.74","5.05","5.35","5.64","5.92","6.18","6.44""40","2.74","2.91","3.15","3.55","3.94","4.32","4.68","5.03","5.37","5.70","6.01","6.31","6.60","6.88""42","2.89","3.07","3.32","3.75","4.16","4.56","4.95","5.33","5.69","6.04","6.38","6.71","7.02","7.32""44.5","3.07","3.25","3.54","4.00","4.44","4.87","5.29","5.70","6.09","6.47","6.84","7.20","7.55","7.88""45","3.11","3.31","3.58","4.04","4.49","4.93","5.36","5.77","6.17","6.56","6.94","7.30","7.65","7.99","8.32","8.63""48","3.33","3.54","3.84","4.34","4.83","5.30","5.76","6.21","6.65","7.08","7.49","7.89","8.28","8.66","9.03","9.57""水,煤气输送钢管""1,水,煤气输送钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)234-63]""公称内径",,"钢 管 螺 纹",,"外径 (mm)","普通管",,"加厚管""mm","(in.)",,"壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)","壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)""6","1/8''","10","2","0.89","2.50","0.46""8","1/4''","13.5","2.25","0.62","2.75","0.73""10","3/8''","17","2.25","0.82","2.75","0.97""15","1/2''","21.25","2.75","1.25","3.25","1.44""20","3/4''","26.75","2.75","1.63","3.5","2.01""25","1''","33.5","3.25","2.42","4","2.91""32","1 1''/4","42.25","3.25","3.13","4","3.77""40","1 1''/2","48","3.5","3.84","4.25","4.58""50","2''","60","3.5","4.88","4.5","6.16""70","2 1''/2","75.5","3.75","6.64","4.5","7.88""80","3''","88.5","4","8.34","4.75","9.81""100","4''","114","4","10.85","5","13.44""125","5''","140","4.5","15.04","5.5","18.24""150","6''","165","4.5","17.81","5.5","21.63""注(1)表列钢管是适用于输送水,煤气及采暖系统等用的钢管.分镀锌和不镀锌(黑管)两种;又分带螺纹和"" 不带螺纹两种;按壁厚可分为普通钢管,加厚钢管和薄壁钢管."" (2)钢管的长度规定为:无螺纹的黑管4~12m;带螺纹的黑管和镀锌管4~9m.每批允许有10%的(按根数计算)"" 2~4m长的短尺钢管或4~9m米长的接管(即用一个管接头将两根钢管连接而成)."" (3)经供需双方协议,可供应定尺长度或倍尺长度的钢管.其最大长度可到8m.按倍尺交货的钢管,每个单"" 倍尺应留切口5~10mm."" (4)钢管用易焊接的软钢制造,钢号和制造方法(炉焊或电焊)均由制造厂选择."" (5)钢管应能承受下列规定压力的水压试验:普通钢管和薄壁钢管:20kg/cm2;加厚钢管30kg/cm2.""电丝套管""2,电丝套管规格,重量表""名称","外径 (mm)","近似内径 (mm)","管壁厚度 (mm)","重量 (kg/m)","每吨长度 (m/t)""5/8''","15.9","12.3","1.8","0.626","1597.44""3/4''","19.1","15.5","1.8","0.627","1302.08""1''","25.4","21.8","1.8","0.628","954.20""1 1''/4","31.8","28.2","1.8","0.629","750.75""1 1''/2","38.1","34.5","1.8","0.630","620.73""电焊钢管""电焊钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)242-68]""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)",0.5,0.6,0.8,"1.0","1.2","1.4","1.5","1.6","1.8","2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","3.8","4.0",4.2,4.5,4.8,"5.0",5.5,"钢 管 的 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""(5)","0.055","0.065","0.083","0.099""(6)","0.068","0.080","0.108","0.123""(7)","0.080","0.095","0.122","0.148""(8)","0.092","0.110","0.142","0.173","(0.202)""(9)","0.105","0.125","0.162","0.197","0.231""10","0.117","0.139","0.182","0.222","(0.261)""(11)","0.129","0.154","0.201","0.247","0.290""12","0.142","0.169","0.221","0.271","0.320","0.365","(0.388)","0.411""(13)",,"0.184","0.241","0.296","0.349","0.400","0.425","0.451""(14)",,"0.199","0.260","0.321","0.379","0.434","0.462","0.490""15",,"0.214","0.280","0.345","0.409","0.468","(0.499)","0.529""16",,"0.228","0.300","0.370","0.438","0.503","(0.536)","0.568""(17)",,"0.244","0.320","0.395","0.468","0.537","0.573","0.608""18",,"0.258","0.340","0.419","0.497","0..572","(0.610)","0.647","(0.717)","(0.789)""(19)",,"0.274","0.359","0.444","0.527","0

中碳钢 什么叫中碳钢与什么是中碳钢　　medium carbon steel　　碳量0.25％～0.60％的碳素钢。有镇静钢、半镇静钢、沸腾钢等多种产品。除碳外还可含有少量锰(0.70％～1.20％)。按产品质量分为普通碳素结构钢和优质碳素结构钢。热加工及切削性能良好，焊接性能较差。强度、硬度比低碳钢高，而塑性和韧性低于低碳钢。可不经热处理，直接使用热轧材、冷拉材，亦可经热处理后使用。淬火、回火后的中碳钢具有良好的综合力学性能。能够达到的最高硬度约为HRC55(HB538)，σb为600～1100MPa。所以在中等强度水平的各种用途中，中碳钢得到最广泛的应用，除作为建筑材料外，还大量用于制造各种机械零件。　　中碳钢的焊接　　中碳钢含碳量比低碳钢高，强度较高，焊接性较差。常用的有35、45、55号钢。中碳钢焊条电弧焊及其铸件焊补的主要特点如下：　　(1)热影响区容易产生淬硬组织。含碳量越高，板厚越大，这种倾向也越大。如果焊接材料和工艺规范选用不当，容易产生冷裂纹。　　(2)由于基本金属含碳量较高，所以焊缝的含碳量也较高，容易产生热裂纹。　　(3)由于含碳量的增高，所以对气孔的敏感性增加。因此对焊接材料的脱氧性，基本金属的除油除锈，焊接材料的烘干等，要求更加严格。 1、特性：高强度中碳调质钢，具有一定的塑性、韧性和强度，切削性良好，调质处理后有很好的综合力学性能，淬透性较差，容易产生裂纹，焊接性能不高，焊接之前需要很好预热，焊后需要热处理。 2、应用举例： 制造较高强度的运动零件，如空气压缩机、泵的活塞，蒸汽透平机的叶轮，重型机械的轴、蜗杆、齿轮等等，表面耐磨的零件，曲轴、机床主轴、滚筒、钳工工具等等。1.什么是金属？金属是元素周期表中所列100多种元素（包括人造元素）中80多种元素的总称。这些元素具有以下的共性：（1）在常温下除以外金属都是固体，而且是晶体。（2）具有特殊的金属光泽和不同颜色，如金是金黄色，银是银白色，铁是铁灰色等。（3）具有良好的导电性和导热性。（4）具有较好的延展性，因而可以轧、锻、拉和拔等冷热加工成棒、板、管、丝和箔等型材。2.什么是合金？合金是由两种或两种以上元素（其中最少有一种是金属元素）所组成的具有金属特性的物质。由两种元素组成的合金称为二元合金，由三种元素组成的合金称为三元合金，由三种以上元素组成的合金称为多元合金。合金的机械、物理和化学性能往往优于纯金属，因此在工业上得到了广泛的应用。3.什么是黑色金属？在工业上金属按其颜色分为黑色金属及有色金属两大类。黑色金属通常是指铁（有时也包括锰和铬）及铁基合金。铁在地壳中储量丰富，可供人类长期大量开采，适于大规模生产，经过不同的加工处理后，可获得适应各种用途所要求的性能，故在所有金属中价格最便宜，应用最广泛。4.什么是有色金属？有色金属通常指除去铁（有时也除去锰和铬）和铁基合金以外的所有金属。有色金属可分为四类：（1）重金属：一般密度在4.5g/cm3以上，如铜、铅、锌等；（2）轻金属：密度小（0.53～4.5g/cm3），化学性质活泼，如铝、镁等.（3）贵金属：地壳中含量少，提取困难，价格较高，密度大，化学性质稳定，如金、银、铂等；（4）稀有金属：如钨、钼、锗、锂、镧、铀等。由于稀有金属在现代工业中具有重要意义，有时也将它们从有色金属中划分出来，单独成为一类。而与黑色金属、有色金属并列，成为金属的三大类别。5.什么是稀有金属？在地壳中含量极少，分布较散，提炼较困难的金属，称为稀有金属。稀有金属及其合金是原子能、航空航天工业、半导体、特种钢和耐热合金等生产所必需的原材料。稀有金属按其物理和化学性能及在矿床中的共生情况，可分为五类：（1）高熔点稀有金属：熔点较高，如钨、铝等；（2）稀散金属：大部分赋存于其他元素的矿物中，如镓、铟、锗等；（3）稀有轻金属：密度较小，如铍、锂等；（4）稀土金属：它们的化学性质非常相似，在矿物中相互伴生，如镧、钇等。（5）放射性稀有金属：包括天然放射性元素，如铀、钍、镭等和人造超铀元素，如镎、钚等。6.什么是生铁？什么叫中碳钢与什么是中碳钢生铁是铁与碳的合金，通常将含碳量在2.0％以上的铁碳合金称为生铁。生铁除碳以外，还含有硅、锰以及少量的硫和磷。生铁含碳量一般为2.0％～4.5％，故生铁有很高的强度和硬度，但韧性和延展性很差，性脆，焊接性也差，不能锻压成型，可切削加工；生铁铸造性能好，可铸造成型。生铁在工业上应用较为广泛。生铁按照其用途可分为三类：即炼钢生铁（含硅较低）、铸造生铁（含硅较高）和特殊生铁。

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在20-40吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。　　　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。　　　　简单来说，冷轧，是在热轧板卷的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧---酸洗---冷轧这样的加工过程。　　　　冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由于热轧经过连续冷变型而成的冷轧，在机械性能比较差，硬度太高。必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。　　　　冷轧一般都会经过退火处理。

冷轧薄钢板，简称冷轧钢板、冷轧薄板、冷轧板、冷板等。它还包括不锈钢板、弹簧钢板、硬钢片、镀锌板、镀锡板、镀铝板等。冷轧薄钢带，简称冷轧钢带、冷轧带钢、钢带、带钢、薄钢带、冷轧卷等。还包括不锈钢带、镀锌钢带、镀锡钢带等。 冷轧钢板标准 冷轧薄钢板、钢带（以下简称冷轧薄板）主要用于零件的冲压加工，而冷轧薄板的力学性能十分重要，它直接关系到板材的冲压性能。冷轧薄板是以不同的热处理状态分级的，不同硬度的材料，用于不同的加工方法，国家标准GB/T 13237-1991《优质碳素结构钢冷轧薄钢板和钢带》将冷轧薄板大致分为三级，P级用于普通冲压，S级用于深度冲压，Z级用于最深度冲压。中国冶金标准YB/T 5059-1993《低碳钢冷轧钢带》将薄钢板按硬度分为五级，即：TR（特级）、R（软）、BR（半软）、DY（低硬）和Y（冷硬）。其实通过一定的冷轧变形程度和冷轧后热处理的恰当配合，可以在广泛的范围内满足用户关于材料力学性能方面的要求。冷轧薄板根据用户加工上的要求可以分成更多的级别。例如：日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》的分类除分为一般用（spcc）、冲压用(spcd)和深冲压用（spce）三类外，还细分为退火、标准调质、1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬、全硬等级别。 在冷轧薄板力学性能的检测方面，一些标准只规定了拉伸试验，另一些标准除拉伸试验外还规定了硬度试验。 中国标准GB/T 13237-1991就只规定了拉伸试验，技术要求冷轧钢板标准如表一所示：牌号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率不小于拉延级别Z－S和PZSP08F275～365275～38034323008,08Al,10F275～390275～41032302810295～410295～43030392815F315～430315～45029282715335～450335～47027262520355～490335～50026252425——390～540——242330——440～590——222135——490～635——201940——510～650————1845——530～680————1650——540～715————14 日本标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》（该标准中包含了冷轧薄钢板和钢带）规定了拉伸试验，也规定了硬度试验，该标准的力学性能要求如下：表二：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的拉伸试验质牌号抗拉强度/MPa 不小于 伸长率/%不小于试样按以下公称厚度/mm>=0.250.250.400.601.01.6>=2.5SPCC SPCD SPCE(270) 270 270(32) 34 36(34) 36 3836 38 40　 37 39 41 　　 (38) 40 42 　39 41 435号试样轧制方向 表三：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的硬度值。调质区分符号 硬度最大HRBHV退火A57105标准调质S65115 注：厚度小于0.6mm的钢板和钢带，原则上不进行拉伸试验。 表四：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬材料的拉伸试验值。调质区分 符号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率/%最小试样1/8硬8294～410255号试样轧制方向1/4硬4370～490101/2硬2440～590——硬1>=550——     表五：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬状态的硬度值。调质区分符号HRBHV1/8硬 1/4硬8450～7165～8095～130 115～1501/2硬 硬2174～89 ≥85135～185 ≥170注：HRB和HV，仅选用其中之一。英国标准BS 1449/1.9-1991《厚板、薄板和钢带第一部分：碳素钢和碳锰钢厚板、薄板和钢带具有成形性能的冷轧窄钢带技术条件》对冷轧板分级为CS1（铝镇静稳定化超深冲）、CS2（超深冲）、CS3（深冲）、CS4（折边）、CS15（商品级）。这项标准的力学性能要求如表六所示： 表六：钢材交货时的力学性能轧制状态和级别退火（A）或平整冷轧（SP）状态硬度HV1)2)最大屈服强度Re1)/MPa最小抗拉强度Rm1)/MPa最小伸长率A1)/%最小弯心直径1)（180°弯曲）原始标距LO50mm80mmCS1A9514027038（36）0aSP10514027036（34）0aCS2A9514027036（34）0a SP10014027036（34）0aCS3A100（140）（280）（34）（32）0aSP110（140）（280）（34）（32）0aCS4A105（140）（280）——0aSP115（140）（280）——0a 注：1）窄钢带交货应符合，或者硬度和弯曲试验，或者拉伸和弯曲试验，但硬度和拉伸试验不应同时进行。     2）对于SP（平整冷轧）状态，与镀层精整（PL）或镜面光洁度（MF），或以“无拉伸痕”交货的钢材组合，最大硬度可以提高5个HV或抗拉强度可以提高20MPa。     3）牌号CS2、CS3和CS4的硬度值仅适用于沸腾钢。 如上所述冷轧薄板的力学性能可以通过拉伸试验来检测，也可以通过硬度试验来检测。由于硬度试验设备简单、易于掌握，试验效率高，并且金属硬度与强度之间有一定的对应关系，所以硬度检测是确定材料力学性能的更方便的方法。冷轧薄板的硬度检测可以用于冷轧板生产过程的质量控制，更适于生产冲压产品的厂家对原材料进行力学性能的复检。 日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996规定的硬度试验是洛氏硬度HRB和维氏硬度HV。维氏硬度试验可用于冷轧薄板，但洛氏硬度HRB却不适用于测试薄板材料。因为当板材厚度小于2mm时，测试HRB硬度可能会因为发生“测砧效应”而使测量的硬度值失准。对于薄板材料，可以测试表面洛氏硬度HRN或HRT，然后换算成HRB或HV硬度。冷轧钢板标准生产了一种便携式表面洛氏硬度计，它非常适合测试薄板和钢带材料，它可以在生产现场、销售现场或材料仓库快速进行冷轧薄板材料的洛氏硬度检测，完成一次测量仅需要10秒钟时间，检测的板材厚度范围为0.05-50mm。这种仪器可以用在冷轧薄板带的生产线上，对产品的热处理效果进行在线的质量控制。这种仪器更适用于冲压产品的生产厂家。可以用它对购入的板材硬度进行复检，可以携带它去钢材市场选购材料，也可以利用它对自己厂生产的冲压产品进行硬度检测。 这种仪器如果配上一个支承座，还可以放到办公桌上使用。可以对成批的成品或半成品工件做逐件检测。它的测试精度与台式洛氏硬度计相同。 目前冷轧薄带材料正在向超薄方向发展，据报道，上海宝钢已扎制出厚度为0.08mm的冷轧薄板带材。采用本所生产的PHR-1S型表面洛氏硬度计，配一个金刚点砧座，就可测试薄至0.05mm冷轧薄板带材料的硬度。 这种应用完全可以取代维氏硬度计，使冷轧薄板材料的力学性能检测实现快速、简便、经济。

冷轧镀锌板，是一种镀锌钢板。钢板按轧制分为热轧和冷轧两种。冷轧板是平板状的，矩形的，可直接轧制而成的。冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧和热轧的区别： 1、冷轧成型钢允许截面出现局部屈曲，从而可以充分利用杆件屈曲后的承载力；而热轧型钢不允许截面发生局部屈曲。2、热轧型钢和冷轧型钢残余应力产生的原因不同，所以截面上的分布也有很大差异。冷弯薄壁型钢截面上的残余应力分布是弯曲型的，而热扎型钢或焊接型钢截面上残余应力分布是薄膜型。3、热轧型钢的自由扭转刚度比冷轧型钢高，所以热轧型钢的抗扭性能要优于冷轧型钢。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。冷轧镀锌板用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及 产业 设备、各种建筑材料。

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板。冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，冷轧钢板的密度不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。冷轧钢板的密度：热轧钢板含碳量可比冷轧钢板略高些。在成份相持不大的情况下密度是一样的。但如果成份相差悬殊，如不锈钢不论冷轧、热轧密度都在7.9g/cm3左右。具体还要看成份，热轧只是延展性更好，钢材同样受到压力作用

碳钢无缝钢管与圆钢等实心钢材相比，在抗弯抗扭强度相同时 重量较轻，是一种经济截面钢材，广泛用于制造结构件和机械零件，如石油钻杆、汽车传动轴、自行车架以及建筑施工中用的钢脚手架等。2、3 级设备用碳钢无缝钢管技术条件 1 范围 本标准适用于 M310 堆型的二代加核电站 2、3 级设备用碳钢无缝钢管的化学成分、力学性能、试 验方法、检验规则及外形尺寸及重量等技术要求。 本标准适用于 M310 堆型的二代加核电站下列钢管： ——公称外径小于 550mm、公称壁厚小于 50mm 的 2 级碳钢无缝钢管； ——公称外径不大于 610mm、公称壁厚不大于 40mm 的 3 级碳钢无缝钢管。 ——主给水流量控制系统、辅助给水系统、汽轮机旁路系统设备用 P280GH 无缝钢管。 本标准不适用于管道系统用 2、3 级碳钢无缝钢管和热交换器传热管用无缝钢管。 2 规范性引用文件 下列规范性文件中的条文通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条文。下列注日期或版次的引用文件， 其后的任何修改单或修订版均不适用于本标准，但提倡使用本标准的各方探讨使用其最新版本的可能 性。 GB/T 228-2002 GB/T 229-2007 金属材料 室温拉伸试验方法 金属材料 夏比摆锤冲击试验方法 GB/T 241 金属管液压试验方法 GB/T 242-2007 GB/T 246-2007 金属管 扩口试验方法 金属管 压扁试验方法 GB/T 2102 钢管的验收、包装、标志和质量证明书 GB/T 4336 碳素钢和中低合金钢火花源原子发射光谱分析方法(常规法) GB/T 4338 金属材料 高温拉伸试验方法 GB/T 17395 无缝钢管尺寸、外形、重量及允许偏差 GB/T 20066 钢和铁 化学成分测定用试样的制样和取样方法 ANSI B36.10M 焊接和无缝法制造的钢管 压水堆核岛机械设备设计和建造规则 RCC-M(2000 年版及 2002 年补遗) 3 订货要求 3.1 需方应在订货合同中注明本标准号、钢号、钢管等级、尺寸规格和数量等。 3.2 需方还应在订货合同中明确以下技术要求： 1 Q/CNPE.J104.4-2009 ——是否进行高温拉伸试验； ——钢管是否进行模拟消除应力热处理及模拟消除应力热处理的保温温度和保温时间； ——清洁、包装和运输要求； ——钢管尺寸偏差的特殊要求； ——2 级 20 和 16Mn 钢管是否按批进行压扁和扩口试验； ——3 级 20 钢管是否进行成品分析，是否进行超声检测； ——其它特殊要求。 4 制造 4.1 制造程序 在 P280GH 钢管制造前，钢管制造厂应制定制造程序。该程序应包括制造过程中的各个步骤、包括 制造阶段、制造过程中所有的中间热处理、最终热处理和无损检测等。 4.2 冶炼 采用电炉或其它相当的冶炼工艺冶炼。 4.3 钢管制造方法 钢管可采用热加工和(或)冷加工方法制造。 制造钢管的管坯应取自切除头尾的钢锭。钢管变形过程中的总延伸系数(锻造比)应不小于 3。 4.4 交货状态 钢管应以正火状态交货，钢管的正火处理温度和保温时间应予记录。 P280GH 钢管的正火处理应满足以下要求： ——加热温度：890℃~940℃； ——保温时间：按每毫米的厚度保温 1min.，但不得少于 30min.； ——在空气中冷却。 管端为垂直截面，截面应无超厚部分，并应清除毛刺。清除毛刺允许有轻微的内外倒角。 5 牌号和化学成分 钢的牌号和化学成分(熔炼分析和成品分析)应符合表 1 的规定。 化学成分分析用试样按 GB/T 20066 的规定制取， 化学成分分析按照 GB/T 223 或 GB/T 4336 或其它 相应的标准进行分析。熔炼分析每炉做一次；对于 2 级钢管和 P280GH 钢管，成品分析每批做一次；对 于 3 级钢管，合同要求时按批进行成品分析。 2 Q/CNPE.J104.4-2009 表1 无缝钢管的化学成分 化学成分(质量分数)/% b 钢号 类别 C 熔炼分析 ≤0.20 ≤0.22 ≤0.22 ≤0.24 ≤0.20 ≤0.22 Mo ≤0.10 ≤0.10 Si 0.08~0.35 0.07~0.40 0.10~0.35 0.09~0.40 0.10~0.35 0.10~0.40 Ni ≤0.50 ≤0.50 Mn 0.45~1.00 0.40~1.05 0.65~1.25 0.60~1.30 0.80~1.60 0.80~1.60 Al 0.020~0.050 0.020~0.050 P ≤0.030 ≤0.035 ≤0.030 ≤0.035 ≤0.020 ≤0.025 S ≤0.025 ≤0.030 ≤0.025 ≤0.030 ≤0.015 ≤0.020 Cu ≤0.25 a ≤0.25 a ≤0.25 a ≤0.25 a ≤0.25 ≤0.25 Sn ≤0.030 a ≤0.030 a ≤0.030 a ≤0.030 a ≤0.030 ≤0.030 20 成品分析 熔炼分析 16Mn 成品分析 熔炼分析 成品分析 P280GH c － 熔炼分析 成品分析 a b 如果 Cu+10Sn≤0.55%，Sn 含量可超过 0.030%，但不得超过 0.040%。 除了由脱氧加入的元素，表中未列入的元素不作为有意义的添加元素。 c 对于 P280GH 钢管： ——材料的 Ceq≤0.48，Ceq=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/15； ——当钢管用于主给水系统时，Cr≥0.15%； ——在保证 Cu+10Sn≤0.55%时，锡元素的含量上限可提高到 0.040%，用于热加工的钢管，应保证 Cu≤0.18%， 且 Cu+6Sn≤0.33%。 6 力学性能和工艺性能 6.1 力学性能 6.1.1 规定值 交货状态下钢管的力学性能应符合表 2 和表 3 的规定。 表2 室温拉伸试验 钢号 抗拉强度 Rm/MPa 410~510 a 470~570 470~570 规定非比例延伸强度 b Rp0.2/MPa ≥235 ≥275 ≥275 断后伸长率 A/% Rm(A-2)≥10500 c Rm(A-2)≥10500 钢管的力学性能 300℃拉伸试验 抗拉强度 Rm/MPa ≥369 ≥423 规定非比例延伸强度 Rp0.2/MPa ≥157 ≥186 20 16Mn P280GH ≥21 ≥423 ≥186 且 Rm(A-2) ≥10500 a 对 3 级钢管，钢管的抗拉强度上限为 530MPa，且钢管的 Rp0.2/Rm 应不超过 0.9。当钢管的 Rp0.2 与 Rm 成比例增加 时，Rm 的最大值可达到 550MPa，同时 Rp0.2≥260MPa； b 经供需双方协商，可用 Rel 代替。 c 对 3 级 20 钢管，钢管的断后伸长率 A≥23%。 3 Q/CNPE.J104.4-2009 表3 钢管冲击试验规定值 KV2 /J bc 0℃纵向吸收能量 S≥12.5mm 55mm×10mm×10mm 平均值 20 16Mn P280GH a b c 试样尺寸 a 8.8＜S＜12.5mm 55mm×10mm×7.5mm 平均值 ≥25 ≥32 ≥45 单个最小值 ≥19 ≥22 ≥30 6.3＜S≤8.8mm 55mm×10mm×5mm 平均值 ≥18 ≥22 ≥30 单个最小值 ≥13 ≥16 ≥20 单个最小值 ≥24 ≥28 ≥40 ≥32 ≥40 ≥60 S-钢管公称壁厚，只对公称外径 D≥51mm 且公称壁厚 S＞6.3mm 的钢管做冲击试验； 冲击试验的三个试样中，只允许一个试样的试验结果低于平均值，且不低于单个最小值。 对主给水系统用无缝钢管，冲击试验温度为-20℃。 6.1.2 取样 6.1.2.1 拉伸试样 当钢管尺寸允许时，P280GH 拉伸试样应横向截取，其他牌号纵向截取，且应选用 GB/T 228-2002 中的 R4 试样，并满足以下要求： ——公称壁厚S≤30mm时，在1/2壁厚处截取；公称壁厚S＞30mm时，在外壁附近截取。 ——试样端部至管端的最小距离为： 公称壁厚S≤40mm时为管壁厚； 公称壁厚S＞40mm时为40mm。 如果管壁厚不足以截取上述试样，可按 GB/T 228-2002 的规定截取管段或条状试样。 6.1.2.2 冲击试样 冲击试样采用GB/T 229-2007中规定的夏比V型缺口冲击试样(当钢管尺寸允许时， P280GH拉伸试样 应横向截取)。在同一管段上靠近管子外表面处并排截取三个试样，试样的缺口底线垂直于钢管表面。 对公称壁厚S 4 (1 + α ) S ………………………………(1) α+S D Q/CNPE.J104.4-2009 S—钢管公称壁厚，mm； D—钢管公称外径，mm； α—单位长度变形系数： ——对2级20钢管，取0.10； ——对3级20钢管，取0.07； ——对16Mn和P280GH钢管，取0.08。 压扁试验后试样表面出现下列情况之一者，应判为不合格： ——钢管出现裂纹或开裂； ——显露出原已存在的表面缺陷，其深度在变形前超过了第12章的规定； ——显露出诸如完全分层之类的内部缺陷。 6.2.2 扩口试验 应对下列钢管进行扩口试验： ——公称外径D＜168.3mm且公称壁厚S＜12.5mm的2级20和16Mn钢管； ——公称外径D≤139.7mm且公称壁厚S≤10mm的3级20钢管； ——辅助给水系统用P280GH钢管。 对2级钢管和P280GH钢管应逐根进行扩口试验，经供需双方协商，20和16Mn钢管也可按批进行扩 口试验。 对3级20钢管按批进行扩口试验。 试验时采用顶角为30°的圆锥顶头进行扩口试验。试样长度为钢管外径的两倍，钢管的外径扩口 率按表4的规定。 试验结果的判断准则同压扁试验。 表4 钢管的外径扩口率 S/D 钢号 ≤0.08 2 级 20 钢管 3 级 20 钢管 16Mn P280GH 20% 13% 18% >0.08~0.12 18% 12% 15% >0.12~0.15 15% 10% 13% 18% 10% >0.15~0.18 12% 8% 9% ≥0.18 10% 6.2.3 弯曲试验 公称外径D＞406.4mm的3级20钢管应按批进行弯曲试验。 在轴向300mm长的金属环中截取宽为35mm的长条试样进行试验。弯曲角度为180°，试验芯轴或锥 5 Q/CNPE.J104.4-2009 头的直径d 弯曲后两平行压板间距见表5。 试验结果的判断准则同压扁试验。 表5 钢号 20 a 钢管的弯曲试验要求 芯轴或锥头直径 d 7a a 试样两端外侧间距 9a 试样厚度。 7 模拟消除应力热处理 7.1 模拟消除应力热处理后的钢管力学性能 当钢管在今后的加工制造或安装过程中需要进行消除应力热处理， 则钢管制造厂应在交货状态的钢 管上(或代表交货状态的试料上)截取试料进行模拟消除应力热处理，模拟消除应力热处理后的钢管力学 性能应满足 6.1 的规定。 7.2 模拟消除应力热处理的工艺 7.2.1 保温要求 7.2.1.1 20 钢管和 16Mn 钢管 模拟消除应力热处理的温度应与设备制造过程中消除应力热处理的温度一致(保温温度允许偏差为 ±5℃)，模拟消除应力热处理 保温时间至少应为钢管在以后加工制造过程中实际要经受的全部消除应力 热处理时间的 80%。 7.2.1.2 P280GH 钢管 P280GH 钢管的模拟消除应力热处理的保温应满足以下要求： ——保温温度为 605℃±5℃； ——保温时间按每毫米保温 6min.，但不得少于 2h。 7.2.2 加热和冷却速率 模拟消除应力热处理的温度超过400℃时的加热和冷却速率应符合以下规定： ——当钢管的公称壁厚S≤25mm时，为220℃/h； ——当钢管的公称壁厚S＞25mm时，加热和冷却速率按公式(3)计算。 220 × 25 ℃/h………………………………(2) S 8 复验和重新热处理 8.1 拉伸试验的复验 如果拉伸试验的结果不符合要求， 可在不合格试样的邻近部位截取双倍的试样进行复验， 若复验结 果都符合要求，则该批钢管可以验收。否则，该批钢管应判为不合格。 6 Q/CNPE.J104.4-2009 8.2 冲击试验的复验 如果冲击试验的结果不符合要求，可按下列方法进行复试： 对2级钢管和P280GH钢管，如果冲击试验的结果不符合要求，则该批钢管应判为不合格。但仅因单 个试样的试验结果低于单个最小值而使试验结果不符合要求，其它条件均满足(平均值达到要求，至多 一个结果低于平均值)，则允许按下述方式复验：在结果不合格试样的邻近部位再取三个一组的两组试 样进行复验，若这两组试样的试验结果都符合要求，则该批钢管可以验收。否则，该批钢管应判为不合 格。 对3级钢管，在不合格试样的邻近部位再取三个试样进行复验，当前后两组试样满足以下要求时， 该批钢管可以验收： ——六个试样的平均值不低于规定的平均值； ——六个试样中最多有两个值低于规定的平均值； ——六个试样中只能有一个值低于规定的单个最小值。 若不能满足以上要求，该批钢管判为不合格。 8.3 工艺性能的复验 对于逐根检验的钢管，若工艺性能试验不合格，可将不合格钢管剔出，在一批钢管中，不合格钢管 的数量超过10%，则整批钢管判为不合格。 对于按批检验的钢管，若工艺性能试验不合格，可将不合格钢管剔出，再从同一批中取双倍数量的 钢管进行复验，若复验结果都合格，则该批钢管可以验收。否则，该批钢管应判为不合格。 8.4 重新热处理 对力学性能和工艺性能不合格的钢管，可进行重新热处理。重新热处理后按新的批次进行验收。重 新热处理只允许一次。重新热处理的条件须在制造程序中详细说明。 9 表面质量 9.1 目视检查 9.1.1 20 和 16Mn 钢管 交货状态钢管内外表面的氧化皮应予以清除， 但不影响超声检测的少量氧化薄皮允许存在。 钢管表 面不允许有裂纹、裂缝、刮痕、褶迭、金属条纹及其它有损于钢管使用能力的缺陷存在。 如果缺陷深度大于公称壁厚的5%，且大于0.3mm时应予以拒收。然而，在同一根上或同一批的多 根钢管上重复出现相同的缺陷，如果该缺陷的平均深度大于等于公称壁厚的3%和0.2mm两个值中的最 大者，则应判为不合格。 9.1.2 P280GH 钢管 交货状态钢管内外表面的氧化皮应予以清除。钢管表面不允许有裂纹、裂缝、刮痕、褶迭、金属 条纹及其它有损于钢管使用能力的缺陷存在。 7 Q/CNPE.J104.4-2009 9.2 渗透检测 当目视检查有疑问时，钢管应按 RCC-M MC4000 进行渗透检测，验收准则如下： 尺寸超过 1mm 的任何显示均应记录，当钢管存在下述显示时均应被剔出： ——线性显示； ——尺寸超过 3mm 的圆形显示； ——边缘间距小于 3mm 的三个或三个以上排列成线性的显示； ——在100cm2的矩形表面上有五个或五个以上的密集显示，其长边不大于20cm，该矩形位于显 示评定最严重的部位。 10 内部缺陷检测 采用超声检测钢管内部缺陷。 对2级钢管和P280GH钢管， 应在交货状态下按RCC-M MC2000规定的方法逐根进行100%超声检测。 探头的频率一般为4MHz。 对不能在自动检测台上有效检测的钢管端部，应予以切除，或是在至少大于100mm的长度上作手 工检测， 且对比试块应与自动检测时所用的对比试块相同。 手工检验方法至少要与自动检验方法一样灵 敏。 当回波幅度大于或等于50%参考回波幅度的任何信号均应记录， 回波幅度大于参考回波幅度的信号 应予拒收。 3级钢管一般不要求做超声检测，如果有要求，应在合同中规定。 11 试验方法及组批规则 11.1 试验方法 钢管的试验方法和取样数量应符合表 6 的规定。 表6 钢管的试验项目、试验方法和取样数量 取样数量 序号 检验项目 试验方法 2 级钢管和 P280GH 钢管 3 级钢管 每炉罐取一个试样 每批取一个试样 每批在一根钢管上取一个试样 每批在一根钢管上取一个试样 每批在一根钢管上并排截取三个试样 逐根 b 1 2 3 4 5 6 熔炼分析 成品分析 拉伸试验 高温拉伸试验 冲击试验 压扁试验 c GB/T 20066、GB/T 223、GB/T 4336 GB/T 20066、GB/T 223、GB/T 4336 GB/T 228-2002 GB/T 4338 GB/T 229-2007 GB/T 246 每批在一根钢管上截取一个试样 a 8 Q/CNPE.J104.4-2009 续表 6 钢管的试验项目、试验方法和取样数量 取样数量 序号 检验项目 试验方法 2 级钢管和 P280GH 钢管 逐根 － 逐根 逐根 必要时 逐根 逐根 b 3 级钢管 每批在一根钢管上截取一个试样 a 每批在一根钢管上截取一个试样 a 逐根 逐根 必要时 － 逐根 按订货合同的规定 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 a b 扩口试验 弯曲试验 水压试验 表面检查 渗透检测 超声检测 尺寸和外形检查 钢管重量检查 GB/T 242 GB/T 232 GB/T 241 肉眼 RCC-M MC4000 RCC-M MC2000 精度为 0.01mm 的量具 － 当一批钢管的数量少于 20 根时，每批允许只在一根钢管上截取试样。 当合同规定钢管按批进行检验时，每批在两根钢管各截取一个试样。 c 对钢管的高温拉伸试验(合同要求时)，试验时从试验开始至达到屈服强度期间，试样的应力速率应不超过 80MPa/min.。 11.2 组批规则 钢管按批进行检查和验收，每批应由同一牌号、同一炉号、同一规格、相同的制造工艺和同一炉次 (对连续式热处理炉，为同一热处理制度)的钢管组成。一批钢管的数量应不超过如下规定： ——2级20和16Mn钢管，每批钢管的数量应不超过： 1) 对公称外径D＜168.3mm且公称壁厚S＜12.5mm的钢管：100根； 2) 对其它规格的钢管：50根。 如果最后一批的根数少于或等于每批正常根数的一半， 则这些钢管应并入前一批， 如最后一批钢管 的根数多于正常批数的半数，则单独算为一批。 ——3级20钢管，每批钢管的数量应不超过： 1) 对公称外径D＜168.3mm的钢管：400根； 2) 对公称外径D≥168.3mm的钢管：200根。 ——P280GH钢管，每批钢管的数量应不超过： 1) 给水流量调节系统和汽机旁路系统：不超过50根； 2) 辅助给水系统：不超过100根。 12 缺陷的清除 目视检查和渗透检测中发现的表面缺陷均应予以清除。 对除 P280GH 外的无缝钢管，当完好的壁厚符合公差要求，对以下表面缺陷可不进行清除： 9 Q/CNPE.J104.4-2009 ——缺陷深度不超过公称壁厚的 5%或 0.3mm 中较大值的分散表面缺陷； ——缺陷深度不超过公称壁厚的 3%或 0.2mm 中较大值的密集表面缺陷。 如超过上述限度， 应通过磨削或其它机加工方法予以清除。 清除缺陷后的钢管尺寸应保持在规定的 公差范围内。 不得用焊补法修补钢管表面缺陷。 钢管打磨后还应按 9.2 的规定进行渗透检测，以确保缺陷被完全清除。 13 水压试验 每根钢管均应进行水压试验。水压试验压力按公式(2)计算。 P= 式中： 2 RS ………………………………(3) D−S P—试验压力，MPa； S—钢管公称壁厚，mm； D—钢管公称外径，mm； R—允许应力： ——对P280GH 钢管和其他牌号的2级钢管，为表2中规定的抗拉强度Rm下限的40%，MPa。 ——对3级20钢管，为表2中规定的规定非比例延伸强度Rp0.2下限的90%，MPa。 钢管的最大试验压力为： ——对P280GH钢管和其他牌号的2级钢管，为50MPa； ——对3级20钢管，为： 1) D≤88.9mm，为32MPa； 2) 88.9mm＜D≤355.6mm，为24MPa； 3) D＞355.6mm，为21MPa。 在试验压力下，保压时间应足够检查需要，2级钢管、 P280GH钢管和公称直径 D>406.4mm的 3级 公称直径D≤406.4mm的3级钢管保压时间为不小于6s。 钢管不得出现 钢管应保证施压时间不小于15s， 漏水或渗漏，也不得出现残余变形。 14 尺寸、外形、重量及允许偏差 14.1 钢管的尺寸、外形及重量 钢管的尺寸、 外形及重量应符合 ANSI/ASME B36.10M 的规定， 如果合同要求， 也可按 GB/T 17395 的规定。 14.2 允许偏差 14.2.1 钢管外径允许偏差 10 Q/CNPE.J104.4-2009 钢管外径允许偏差见表 7。 表7 公称外径 D，mm 热加工钢管 公差 公称外径(D≤88.9mm) 冷加工钢管 公差 a 钢管的外径允许偏差 D≤63.5 ±0.50mm D a a 对公称外径 D>88.9mm 的冷加工钢管，外径允许偏差应供需双方协商。 经供需双方协商，钢管的外径允许偏差也可按订货合同的规定。 14.2.2 钢管壁厚允许偏差 热加工钢管的壁厚允许偏差为±12.5%S 或±0.4mm 中的较大值； 冷加工钢管的壁厚允许偏差为±10%S。 另外，在没有修整过的任何一个横截面上，厚度的变化不得超过表 8 的要求。 表8 公称壁厚 S，mm 热加工管 冷加工管 横截面上厚度偏差 25＜S≤40 6mm － S>40 0.15S － S≤25 0.20S 0.15S 14.2.3 不圆度和偏心度公差 钢管截面应呈圆形。不圆度不应导致外径超过公差(见 14.2.1)，用修磨或机加工去除缺陷后，局部 外径可小于允许的最小直径，但壁厚应保证在 14.2.2 允许的范围之内。 14.2.4 钢管长度和全长允许偏差 钢管交货长度为 3.5m~8m。其中，公称壁厚小于或等于 20mm 的钢管，85%的供货长度应等于或大 于 5m。当买方有要求时，可用精确长度交货。 钢管以精确长度交货时，允许偏差应符合表 9 的规定。 表9 交货长度 公称外径 D D＜88.9mm D≥88.9mm L≤7500 ＋5 0 ＋10 0 钢管长度允许偏差 钢管交货长度L，mm L＞7500 ＋5+0.1%(L-7500) 0 ＋10+0.1%(L-7500) 0 经供需双方协商，也可以供应其它长度的钢管。 11 Q/CNPE.J104.4-2009 14.2.5 钢管的弯曲度 14.2.5.1 每米弯曲度 每米弯曲度应不超过 3mm。 14.2.5.2 全长弯曲度 钢管的全长弯曲度应不超过表 10 的规定。 表10 全长弯曲度 公称外径 D 长度 L，mm L＜4000 全长弯曲度，mm 0.2%L 8 8+0.1%(L-6000) 2+0.1%L 10 0.1%L D＜168.3mm 4000≤L＜6000 L≥6000 L＜8000 D≥168.3mm 8000≤L＜10000 L≥10000 14.2.6 钢管的交货重量 钢管按实际重量交货，交货钢管的实际重量与理论重量的允许偏差为： ——热加工钢管为 ±7.5%； ——冷加工钢管为±6%。 经供需双方协商，钢管的交货重量也可按订货合同的规定。 15 试料保管 力学性能和工艺性能试验的剩余试料和试验后的试样应由供货商保管， 从钢管验收之日起至少保留 12 个月。 16 包装、标志 16.1 包装 钢管的包装、应满足 GB/T 2102 的要求，钢管两端应加塑料保护套。对公称外径大于 60.3mm 的钢 管应逐根包装，公称外径不大于 60.3mm 的钢管可进行捆扎包装。 16.2 标志 每根钢管的两端和中间应清晰地标上钢的牌号、规格、炉批号、供方印记或注册商标。钢管的标志 和标记方法应符合订货合同中的规定。 12 Q/CNPE.J104.4-2009 17 提交的文件 供货商在交货时至少应提交下列文件： a) 化学成分的分析报告； b) 热处理(包括重新热处理)记录； c) 力学性能和工艺性能试验(包括复验)报告； d) 无损检测报告； e) 水压试验报告； f) 尺寸、外形和重量检查报告。 这些报告应包括： a) 制造厂名； b) 订货合同号； c) 钢号、炉批号、钢管数量； d) 检验机构名称； e) 试验和重新试验的结果和规定值。 13

（二）电工用冷轧硅钢薄板（GB2521-88）  　　用含硅0.8％-4.8％的电工硅钢为材质，经冷轧而成。  　　冷轧硅钢片分晶粒无取向和晶粒取向两种钢带。冷轧电工钢带具有表面平整、厚度均匀、叠装系数高、冲片性好等特点，且比热轧电工钢带磁感高、铁损低。用冷带代替热轧带制造电机或变压器，其重量和体积可减少0％-25％。若用冷轧取向带，性能更佳，用它代替热轧带或低档次冷轧带，可减少变压器电能消耗量45％-50％，且变压器工作性能更可靠。  　　用于制造电机和变压器。通常，晶粒无取向冷轧带用作电机或焊接变压器等的状态；晶粒取向冷轧带用作电源变压器、脉冲变压器和磁放大器等的铁芯。  　　钢板规格尺寸：厚度为0.35、0.50、0.65mm，宽度为800-1000mm，长度为≤2.0m。

用于制造船舶I级耐压管系、Ⅱ级耐压管系、锅炉及过热器用的碳素钢无缝钢管就是船舶用碳钢无缝钢管（GB5213-85）。 船舶用无缝钢管规格：8-1240×1-200mm 　　 船舶用无缝钢管标准： 中国船级社材料与焊接规范——中国船级社（CCS） 挪威船级社（DNV）规范——挪威船级社（DNV） 英国劳氏船级社（LR）规范——英国劳氏船级社（LR） 德国劳埃德船级社（GL）规范——德国劳埃德船级社（GL） 美国船级社（ABS）规范——美国船级社（ABS） 法国船级社（BV）规范——法国船级社（BV） 意大利船级社（RINA）规范——意大利船级社（RINA） 日本船级社（NK）规范——日本船级社（NK） GB/T5312——中国国家标准 船舶用碳钢无缝钢管用途：用于船用锅炉与过热器和Ⅰ、Ⅱ级压力管系用无缝钢管的制造。 主要生产钢管牌号：320、360、410、460、490等 尺寸公差: 钢管种类 外径（D） 钢管壁厚（S） 冷拔管 钢管外径(mm) 允许偏差(mm) 钢管壁厚(mm) 允许偏差(mm) ＞30～50 ±0.3 ≤30 ±10％ ＞50～219 ±0.8％ 热轧管 ＞219 ±1.0％ ＞20 ±10％ 船舶用碳钢无缝钢管的标准：船舶用碳钢无缝钢管（GB5213-85）是制造船舶I级耐压管系、 Ⅱ级耐压管系。 船舶用碳钢无缝钢管锅炉及过热器用的碳素钢无缝钢管。碳素钢无缝钢管管壁工作温度不超过450℃，合金钢无缝钢管管壁工作温度超过450℃。

冷 轧 产 品 品 名        材 质碳 结 板    SPCC、St12、DC01、Q235AB优结钢板   20-45#、08-15#优质碳素钢    08AL低碳深冲板    SC1、SPCE、ST14、DC04 超深冲板  SC2、St15、DC05、SC3、St16、DC06、St17耐腐蚀钢   05CuPCrNi、09CuPCrNi、Q345GNHL 低碳冲压钢   SPCD、ST13、DC03深 冲 板   SPCEN参照： （一）冲压用冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 1、一般冲压用钢：BLC B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；L——低碳（Low Carbon）；C——一般用（Commercial） 2、抗时效性低屈服钢：BLD B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；L——低碳（Low Carbon）；D——冲压用（Drawing） 3、非时效性极深冲用钢：BUFD（BUSD） B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；U——超级（Ultra）；F——成型（Formability）； D——冲压（Drawing） 4、非时效性超深冲用钢：BSUFD B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；SU——超高级（Ultra+Super）；F——成型（Formability）； D——冲压（Drawing） （二）冷成型用高强度冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 B ××× × × B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；×××——最小屈服点值； ×——一般用V、X、Y、Z表示 V：高强度低合金，屈服点与抗拉强度差值无规定 X：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别70MPa Y：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别100MPa Z：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别140MPa ×——氧化物/硫化物夹杂控制（K：镇静、细晶粒；F：K+硫化物控制；O：K、F外） 例：B240ZK、B340VK （三）抗凹陷性冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 B ××× × × B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写 ×××——最小屈服点值 ×——强化方式（P：强化；H：烘烤硬化） ×——由1或2表示（1：超低碳；2：低碳） 築210P1：深冲压用高强度钢；B250P2：一般加工用含磷高强度钢；B180H1：深冲用烘烤硬化钢

28日国内不锈钢冷轧上涨幅度在500元左右。据信息研究中心商场监测显现，北京区域，冷卷304/2B的0.5-3.0mm报价在3.20-3.33万元左右(吨价，下同)；热板304/No.1太钢6mm-20mm价位在2.78-3.75万元之间；321圆钢报价在4.70-5.10万元，2Cr13、3Cr13报价在0.94万元左右。佛山区域，冷卷304/2B 0.4-3.0mm张浦报价在3.18-3.33万元左右；无锡区域，冷卷304/2B报价张浦0.4-3.0mm报价在3.32-3.43万元，太钢0.5-3.0mm报价在3.25-3.48万元左右。现商场上仍无会集到货，资源继续严重，报价调高后成交状况欠安。商场304冷轧卷报价较9月出厂报价已高出500元左右，在消费旺季降临、商场库存量不大等有利要素的状况下，部分供应商对后市达观。.

二者的首要差异在于涂漆的阶段和工艺不同。 　　预滚涂是在基材仍是卷状时，在流水线上经过酸洗、矫相等程序，依据要求的漆层厚度，有电脑操控，经过几烤几烘，在相对密闭的空间内完结。滚涂后就是一卷卷带漆层的铝板。如使用时依据尺度直接裁剪和折弯，即可施工。     喷涂是在依据施工图纸断定的规格，对不带漆层的铝板裁剪和折弯成型后，再用喷上漆。     关于商场上的金属铝幕墙来说，种类许多。就涂漆层面来说，首要分喷涂、预滚涂及电镀等。综合功能比较，是喷涂远低于预滚涂，预滚涂在部分指标上低于电镀;在空间上，国产首要是喷涂，国外已是预滚涂产品占主流了，电镀产品在国外也早有人用了。国内和国外为何会形成这种“代”差呢?首要原因有以下二个方面：     资金、技能和设备。     国内幕墙厂商多，规划小，鱼龙混杂，不乏作坊式出产。关于数十亿美元一条的滚涂出产线和严厉的技能配套要求来说，明显还不具备条件。     建筑理念和商场观念要素等。也就是人祸。建筑是千秋大业仅仅嘴上说说罢了，我们只管眼前利益而不讲久远效益。(一个比如是上海陆家嘴的一楼盘，十几如果平方的价格外墙仅用铝塑板贴了拉倒，降低成本啊，成果成交廖廖)。业主外行，出产商就都拼报价，偷工减料，压低薪酬，献身质量，技能研制和升级换代就更是无稽之谈了，成果就是整个职业留步不前。     1***H**——指含99%纯铝的纯铝板     2***H**——指铝铜合金     3***H**——指铝锰合金     4***H**——铝硅合金     5***H**——铝镁合金，可用做船板或防弹铝板.     H1*——静态煺火(也叫最终煺火);     H2*——动态煺火(继续出产线上煺火，也叫中间煺火);     H3*——内部应力处理;     H4*——上面三种只需涂层后都是4.     H*2、H*4、H*6——后边的数字是硬度比值。数字越小，硬度越小;反之越大。     普基铝镁板是预滚涂板，不是喷涂板AA5754H44基材，2.0mm厚度的产品各项功能已卓而不群,选用接连三涂三烤工艺，抗老化、不掉漆，涂层氟碳树脂含量达70%以上,加强筋选用镀锌钢板，柔性衔接，强度高，不变形。删去

镀锌格栅板，即格栅板生产出来以后，要进行防锈处理。有热镀锌（热浸镀锌）和电镀锌（冷镀锌）2种。格栅板是钢格板的别名，是用扁钢按照一定的间距和横杆进行交叉排列，并且焊接成中间带有方形格子的一种钢铁制品，主要用来做水沟盖板，钢结构平台板，钢梯的踏步板等．横杆一般采用经过扭绞的方钢作为一种新材料、新产品正得到日益广泛的应用，其较多的优越性能及良好的性能 价格 比显示了其应用的前景。格栅板的制作方式：有机器压焊和手工制作两种.机器压焊使用高压电阻压焊机,机械手自动将横杆横放在均匀排列的扁钢上,通过强大的电焊功率和液压力将横杆压焊入扁钢内,从而可以得到焊点坚固,稳定性和强度极高的高品质格栅板.手工制作的格栅板是先在扁钢上冲孔,然后将横杆放入孔中点焊,横杆与扁钢会存在空隙,而且不可能每个接触点都进行焊接,因此焊接不牢固,强度有所降低. 　　在冶金、矿山、石油、电力与工业领域以及一些民用领域中，格栅板作为一种新型建材正得到日益广泛的应用。所谓新材料，其实在国外已有几十年以上的历史，不过在中国得到广泛应用也只是近１０年的事。但就象铝合金门窗一样，与传统材料相比，人们习惯上还是将其称作新材料。格栅板特点及用途特点： 1.高强度，轻结构：牢固的网格压焊结构使其具有高承载，结构轻2.便于吊装等特点3.外形美观，经久耐用：热浸锌表面处理使其具有相当好的防腐能力4.表面光泽美观5.通风、采光、散热、防爆、防滑性能好；防积污物用途：广泛应用于石油化工、电厂、水厂、污水处理厂、市政工程、环卫工程等领域的平台、走道、栈桥、沟盖、井盖、梯子、围栏、护栏等。  

将镍及镍合金板经熔炼、铸锭、平辊轧制加工成单张或成卷加工材的过程。镍及镍合金具有熔点高、热稳定性好、耐蚀、强度高、加工性能良好等优点。镍合金板带材广泛用于精密仪表、电子、医疗器械、航天航空等工业部门。热轧板厚度5～20mm，冷轧板厚度0．5～10mm，宽度不大于1000mm；带材厚度0．05～1．5mm，宽度一般不大于300mm。镍及镍合金板带的基本生产工艺流程如下：熔铸 镍及镍合金板熔体能吸收大量气体，发生强烈的氧化。一般采用感应电炉熔炼、熔体表面覆盖玻璃，用木炭、锰、硅、镁、钛等脱氧。高纯度的镍及镍合金板采用真空熔炼。蒙乃尔(NCu28—2．5—1．5)等合金采用电渣熔炼。熔炼温度在1450～1560℃之间，随合金而异。通常扁锭用生铁模铸造(见生铁模铸锭)或半连续铸造(见半连续铸锭)。锭重在30～400kg范围内。铸锭表面的夹杂、冷隔等缺陷应进行清理.热轧 镍及镍合金板的高温塑性良好，变形抗力较高，加热温度在1050～1250℃范围内，以电炉加热为宜。若使用煤气炉，则煤气含硫量必须严格控制，以免造成热脆。重400kg厚度为200mm的镍锭，经11个道次热轧至10mm厚。有时热轧前先行锻造，以改善内部组织.酸洗 镍及镍合金板铣面(见有色金属合金锭坯铣面)时易粘刀具，故对热轧板坯常用酸洗的方法除去表层的氧化物。酸洗采用硫酸与硝酸的混合酸，或单独的硝酸。为提高酸洗效果，酸洗前先以小压下量冷轧一道，使延伸小于基体的氧化层被破碎，以利于同酸反应.冷轧 厚度5．0～13．5mm的热轧坯，需经多次反复冷轧和退火，到达成品厚度。两次退火间的压下率可达70％～85％。冷轧常用四辊轧机。高强度的镍合金薄带采用12辊或20辊轧机精轧。冷轧时应充分润滑和冷却，以防粘辊，影响表面质量.退火 退火分中间退火和成品退火。中间退火的目的是消除冷轧造成的加工硬化；成品退火则为了控制成品性能。镍和镍合金板完全退火的温度在570～850IC间，取决于合金成分和制品厚度。成卷薄带退火时易于粘结，故退火前应重卷。因镍合金板的氧化皮较难清除，故常用钟罩式真空炉进行退火。镍铝、镍钛和其他复杂镍合金板可通过固溶／时效处理实现沉淀硬化，以提高强度. 

硅钙板又称石膏复合板，是一种多孔材料，具有良好的隔音、隔热性能，在室内空气潮湿的情况下能吸引空气中水分子、空气干燥时，又能释放水分子，可以适当调节室内干、湿度、增加舒适感。石膏制品又是特级防火材料，在火焰中能产生吸热反应，同时，释放出水分子阻止火势蔓延，而且不会分解产生任何有毒的、侵蚀性的、令人窒息的气体，也不会产生任何助燃物或烟气。硅钙板主要由石膏组成,由硅质材料（硅藻土、膨润土、石英粉等）、钙质材料、增强纤维等作为主要原料，经过制浆、成坯、蒸养、表面砂光等工序而制成的轻质板材。简介：硅钙板吊顶主要优点是质轻、防水、吸声，施工简单。一、材料要求高强硅钙板（600X600X15）、3m长ψ8镀锌吊杆，16X22“T”型铝合金次龙骨、16X28“T”型铝合金主龙骨、12X18“L”形铝合金边龙骨二、主要机具电锯、无齿锯、手电锯、冲击电锤、电动螺丝刀、手刨、钳子、扳手、水准仪、靠尺、钢卷尺三、施工条件和相关环境墙身四周弹好吊顶的+50cm水平标高控制线，并核查完毕。安装完顶棚内的各种管线及通风道，确定好灯位、通风口及各种露明孔口位置。并核对吊顶高度与其内设备标高是否影响。检查所用的材料和配件是否准备齐全。在上龙骨之前必须完成墙面地面的湿作业项目。搭设好顶棚施工的操作平台架子。硅钙板龙骨吊顶在大面积施工前，应做样板间，对顶棚的起拱度、灯槽、通风口的构造处理，分块及固定方法等应经试装并经鉴定后可大面积施工。四、施工工艺弹标高水平线、划龙骨分档线-固定吊挂件-安装边龙骨-安装主龙骨-安装次龙骨-罩面板安装

哈氏合金是镍基合金的一种，目前主要分为B、C、G三个系列，它主要用于铁基Cr-Ni或Cr-Ni-Mo不锈钢、非金属材料等无法使用的强腐蚀性介质场合。 哈氏合金化学成分 　　材料的化学成分　　Ni Cr Mo Fe C Si Co Mn P S W V Cu Nb+Ta　　N10665 (B-2) 基 ≤1.0 26.0~30 ≤2.0 ≤0.02 ≤0.10 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤0.04 ≤0.03　　N10276 (C-276) 基 14.5~16.5 15.0~ 17.0 4.0~7.0 ≤0.01 ≤0.08 ≤2.5 ≤1.0 ≤0.04 ≤0.03 3.0~ 4.5 ≤0.035　　N06007 (G-3) 基 21.0~23.5 6.0~ 8.0 18.0~21 ≤0.015 ≤1.0 ≤5.0 ≤1.0 ≤0.04 ≤0.03 ≤1.5 1.5~2.5 ≤0.50       国产哈氏合金板钛、镍、钨、钼、锆、钽、铌、等哈氏合金板B系列 ：B → 哈氏合金板B-2(00Ni70Mo28) → 哈氏合金板B-3(00Ni70Mo28）哈氏合金板C系列 ：C → 哈氏合金板C-276(00Cr16Mo16W4) →哈氏合金板C-4(00Cr16Mo16) →  哈氏合金板C-22 (00Cr22Mo13W3) → 哈氏合金板C-2000(00Cr20Mo16)哈氏合金板G系列 ：G  → 哈氏合金板G-3（00Cr22Ni48Mo7Cu） →  哈氏合金板G-30(00Cr30Ni48Mo7Cu)哈氏合金板、管材、板材、圆板、板条、丝材、棒材、六角棒、法兰、弯头、三通、封头、大小头主要成分：59Ni-15Cr-16Mo-4W-5Fe 。 　　哈氏合金板是一种含钨的镍-铬-钼合金，含有极低的硅和碳。优势产品有254SMO、AL6XN、AL904L、NAS 254N、NAS 255NM、NAS 354N、NAS 329J3L（S32205双相钢）、INCOLOY 825、INCONEL 625、HASTELLOY C-276 INCONELX-750、NAS HX（HASTELLOYX）、MONEL400／K-500、INCOLOY 800／800H／800HT、INCOLOY 840、INCONEL 600、INCONEL 601、NAS 660（A-286）、LDX 2101、SAF2304、SAF 2507、尿素钢724L、725LN、253MA、纯镍Ni200（N6）、Ni201（N4）、钛及钛合金JISH4600 TR270／TR340C、GR1、GR2、GR3、GR4、GR5、GR7、G、G、SP-700、锆702、锆705以及进口奥氏体不锈钢304、304L、316、316L、316H、316TI、317L、310S、321等。 　　一、典型哈氏合金板化学成分 　　材料的化学成分 　　Ni Cr Mo Fe C Si Co Mn P S W V Cu Nb+Ta 　　N10665 (B-2) 基 ≤1.0 26.0~30 ≤2.0 ≤0.02 ≤0.10 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤0.04 ≤0.03　　N10276 (C-276) 基 14.5~16.5 15.0~ 17.0 4.0~7.0 ≤0.01 ≤0.08 ≤2.5 ≤1.0 ≤0.04 ≤0.03 3.0~ 4.5 ≤0.035　　N06007 (G-3) 基 21.0~23.5 6.0~ 8.0 18.0~21 ≤0.015 ≤1.0 ≤5.0 ≤1.0 ≤0.04 ≤0.03 ≤1.5 1.5~2.5 ≤0.50 　　二、哈氏合金板耐蚀性能 　　哈氏C-276合金属于镍-钼-铬-铁-钨系镍基合金。它是现代金属材料中最耐蚀的一种。主要耐湿氯、各种氧化性氯化物、氯化盐溶液、硫酸与氧化性盐，在低温与中温中均有很好的耐蚀性能。因此，近三十年以来、在苛刻的腐蚀环境中，如化工、石油化工、烟气脱硫、纸浆和造纸、环保等工业领域有着相当广泛的应用。 　　哈氏C-276合金的各种腐蚀数据是有其典型性的，但是不能用作规范，尤其是在不明环境中，必须要经过试验才可以选材。哈氏C-276合金中没有足够的Cr来耐强氧化性环境的腐蚀，如热的浓硝酸。这种合金的产生主要是针对化工过程环境，尤其是存在混酸的情况下，如烟气脱硫系统的出料管等。下表是四种合金在不同环境下的腐蚀对比试验情况。(所有焊接试样采用自熔钨极氩弧焊) 　　四种金属在不同环境下的腐蚀对比试验 　　试验环境 （沸腾） 腐蚀率 （毫米/） 　　典型316 AL-6XN Inconel625 C-276 　　基本 金属试样 焊接 试 样 基本 金属 试样 焊接 试 样 基本 金属 试样 基本 金属 试样 焊接 试 样 　　20%醋酸 0.003 0.003 0.0036 0.0018 0.0076 0.013 0.006 　　45% 0.277 0.262 0.116 0.142 0.13 0.07 0.049 　　10%草酸 1.02 0.991 0.277 0.274 0.15 0.29 0.259 　　20%磷酸 0.177 0.155 0.007 0.006 0.001 0.001 0.0006 　　10% 1.62 1.58 0.751 0.381 0.12 0.07 0.061 　　10%硫酸 9.44 9.44 2.14 2.34 0.64 0.35 0.503 　　10%碳酸氢钠 1.06 1.06 0.609 0.344 0.10 0.07 0.055 　　哈氏C-276合金可以用作燃煤系统的烟气脱硫部件，在这种环境下C-276是最耐蚀的材料。下表是C-276合金和典型316在烟气模拟系统“绿色死亡”溶液中的腐蚀对比试验情况。 　　“绿色死亡”溶液中的腐蚀对比试验 　　“绿色死亡”溶液 （沸腾） 腐蚀率 (mm/a) 　　典型316 C-276 　　7%硫酸 破坏 0.67 　　3%　　1%CuCl2　　1%FeCl3　　由上表可见，C-276合金对混合的具有氯离子的酸、盐溶液有很好的耐蚀性能。 　　哈氏C-276合金中Cr、Mo、W的加入将C-276合金的耐点蚀和缝隙腐蚀的能力大大提高。C-276合金在海水环境中被认为是惰性的，所以C-276被广泛地应用在海洋、盐水和高氯环境中，甚至在强酸低PH值情况下。下表是四种金属在6%FeCl3(按ASTM标准G-48执行)溶液中发生缝隙腐蚀的对比情况。 　　缝隙腐蚀发生情况 　　合金 缝隙腐蚀发生温度 　　°F °C 　　典型316 27 2.5 　　AL-6XN 113 45 　　Inconel625 113 45 　　C-276 140 60 　　C-276合金中高含量的Ni和Mo使其对氯离子应力腐蚀断裂也有很强的抵抗能力，下表是四种金属在不同含氯离子溶液中的应力腐蚀断裂试验情况。 　　氯离子应力腐蚀断裂试验情况 　　试验溶液 弯曲U形试样试验时间（Hours）和试验结果 　　典型316 AL-6XN Inconel 625 C-276 　　42%MgCl2(沸腾) 失败(24小时) 兼有(1000小时) 抵抗(1000小时) 抵抗(1000小时) 　　33%LiCl(沸腾) 失败(100小时) 抵抗(1000小时) 抵抗(1000小时) 抵抗(1000小时) 　　26%NaCl(沸腾) 失败(300小时) 抵抗(1000小时) 抵抗(1000小时) 抵抗(1000小时) 　　二、物理性能 　　密度：8.90g/cm3, 比热：425J/kg/k, 弹性模量：205Gpa(21℃) 　　三、机械性能 　　典型的C-276合金的拉力试验结果如下表所示，其材料是在1150℃退火，并以水急冷。 　　力学性能试验值 　　温 度 (℃) 屈服强度σ0.2 (Mpa) 抗拉强度σb (Mpa) 延伸率δ5 （%） 　　-196 565 965 45 　　-101 480 895 50 　　21 415 790 50 　　93 380 725 50 　　204 345 710 50 　　316 315 675 55 　　427 290 655 60 　　538 270 640 60 　　对C-276合金进行冷变形加工会使其强度增加。在对其进行冲击试验时，V形槽冲击试样采用10mm厚的板材（板材要经过退火处理），如果试样是采用焊接的试样，则在同样的温度范围，它会显示出一定的柔韧性，这是因为焊缝的原因。板材冲击试验结果如下表所示。 　　试验温度（℃） V形槽试样冲击功（J） 　　-196 245 　　21 325 　　200 325 　　C-276合金和普通奥氏体不锈钢有相似的成形性能。但由于其比普通奥氏体不锈钢的强度要大，所以，在冷成形加工过程中会有更大应力。此外，这种材料的加工硬化速度比普通不锈钢快得多，因此在有广泛冷成形加工过程中，要采取中途退火处理。 　　四、焊接及热处理 　　C-276合金的焊接性能和普通奥氏体不锈钢相似，在使用一种焊接方法对C-276焊接之前，必须要采取措施以使焊缝及热影响区的抗腐蚀性能下降最小，如钨极气体保护焊（W）、金属极气体保护焊（GMAW）、埋弧焊或其他一些可以使焊缝及热影响区抗腐蚀性能下降最小的焊接方法。但对于诸如氧炔焊等有可能增加材料焊缝及热影响区含碳量或含硅量的焊接方法是不适合采用的。 　　关于焊接接头形式的选择，可以参照ASME锅炉与压力容器规范对C-276焊接接头的成功经验。 　　焊接坡口最好采用机械加工的方法，但是机械加工会带来加工硬化，所以对机械加工的坡口处进行焊接前打磨是必要的。 　　哈氏合金板焊接时要采用适宜的热输入速度，以防止热裂纹的产生。 　　在绝大多数腐蚀环境下，C-276都能以焊接件的形式应用。但在十分苛刻的环境中，C-276材料及焊接件要进行固溶热处理以获得最好的抗腐蚀性能。 　　C-276合金的焊接可以选择自身作焊接材料或填料金属。如要求在C-276的焊缝中添加某些成分，象其它镍基合金或不锈钢，并且这些焊缝将暴露在腐蚀环境中时，那么，焊接所用的焊条或焊丝则要求有和母材金属耐腐蚀相当的性能。 　　哈氏C-276合金材料固溶热处理包括两个过程：（1）在1040℃~1150℃加热；（2）在两分钟之内快速冷却至黑色状态（400℃左右），这样处理后的材料有很好的耐蚀性能。因此仅对哈氏C-276合金进行消应力热处理是无效的。在热处理之前要清理合金表面的油污等可能在热处理过程中产生碳元素的一切污垢。 　　C-276合金表面在焊接或热处理时会产生氧化物，使合金中的Cr含量降低，影响耐蚀性能，所以要对其进行表面清理。可以使用不锈钢丝刷或砂轮，接下来浸入适当比例硝酸和的混合液中酸洗，最后用清水冲洗干净。

镀锌楼层板，一种镀锌产品，其基材就是楼层板。在楼层板成型后，通过热镀锌或电镀锌工艺，在其表面镀上一层锌，达到防腐蚀的目的。楼层板是采用镀锌钢板经辊压冷弯成型，其截面成V型、U型、梯形或类似这几种形状的波形，主要用作永久性模板，也可被选为其他用途。镀锌楼层板广泛用于电厂、电力设备公司、汽车展厅、钢结构厂房、水泥库房、钢结构办公室、机场候机楼、火车站、体育场馆、音乐厅、大剧院、大型超市、物流中心、奥运场馆体育场馆等钢结构建筑。镀锌楼层板的特点：1、易于安装施工, 节省工时. 2、取代传统模板, 善传统模板需耗时拆木板模之缺点. 3、可作为结构强度之一部份. 4、易于配筋, 配线, 配之施工. 5外观整齐美观, 改善传统施工的杂乱无章。

          铜合金 copper alloy 以纯铜为基体加入一种或几种其他元素所构成的合金。纯铜呈紫红色，又称紫铜。纯铜密度为8.96，熔点为1083℃，具有优良的导电性、导热性、延展性和耐蚀性。主要用于制作发电机、母线、电缆、开关装置、变压器等电工器材和热交换器、管道、太阳能加热装置的平板集热器等导热器材。常用的铜合金分为黄铜、青铜、白铜3大类。铜合金板是铜合金的一种材料款式。         按材料形成方法划分为可为铸造铜合金和变形铜合金。事实上，许多铜合金既可以用于铸造，又可以用于变形加工。通常变形铜合金可以用于铸造，而许多铸造铜合金却不能进行锻造、挤压、深冲和拉拔等变形加工。铸造铜合金和变形铜合金又可以细分为铸造用紫铜、黄铜、青铜和白铜。       随着电子、信息、汽车工业发展,铜及铜合金板带需求旺盛,铜及铜合金板带约占铜加工材总量的1720%,全世界总消费量约为380万吨,中国约为110万吨,主要生产国有美、德、日、中、韩,中国铜板带材的 产量 、进口量、消费量都居世界第一位;中国铜板带 产业 发展迅速,技术装备水平不断提升。

      铜镍合金板铜镍发热电阻合金具有较好的耐腐蚀性，良好的焊接性能和加工性能、广泛应用于热过载继电器、低压断路器等低压电器中的电热元件。具体材质有：CuNi1 CuNi2 CuNi6 CuNi8 CuNi10 CuMn3 CuNi14 CuNi19 CuNi23 CuNi30 CuNi34 CuNi44规格：厚度0.05-4mm,宽度3-120mm，表面光洁，厚薄均匀  铜镍合金 ,这种合金 有良好的导电性和抗氧化性.同时也 能按客户要求,在收到相关的费用后 制作金镀膜.  铜镍合金以良好温度系数，加工性，低电阻率被广泛用于低压电器，发热电缆，发热线,电源开关，电阻 行业 等.  铜镍合金主要含铜、镍和少量的铁和锰，以提高其在高流速水质，特别是海水中的抗腐蚀能力。其抗压力强及良好的冷热加工性能和良好的焊接性能。    建设一条以镍铜、铜镍合金管棒材为主要产品的生产线，引进世界一流水平的关键生产设备，国内配套辅助设备，达到年产镍铜合金管棒材(国内目前不能批量生产)1000吨和铜镍合金管棒材(目前，国内 产量 少、质量低)  人们已经相当普遍地利用镍铜合金镀复于低值 金属 基体上,作为防腐蚀和装饰性镀层。已经应用镀复方法亦有多种。例如,有人使用镍和铜电镀层的高温扩散熔合法来产生这种镀层;有人从焦磷酸盐和柠檬酸盐电解液中电镀出含镍20—45％的铜镍合金镀层;美国专利~＃1,750,092发表了由含硫酸盐、醋酸盐及氯化物阴离子的电解液,在铂箔膜或钢铁基体上电镀镍铜合金的方法。  铜镍合金板作为铜镍合金中常用的一种材料,使用也越来越广泛。   

热镀锌格栅板，又称热镀锌钢格板，是用扁钢按照一定的间距和横杆进行交叉排列，并且焊接成中间带有方形格子的一种钢铁制品，主要用来做水沟盖板，钢结构平台板，钢梯的踏步板等。横杆一般采用经过扭绞的方钢作为一种新材料、新产品正得到日益广泛的应用，其较多的优越性能及良好的性能 价格 比显示了其应用的前景。热镀锌格栅板一般采用碳钢制作，外表热镀锌，可以起到防止氧化的作用，也可以采用不锈钢制作。格栅板具有通风，采光，散热，防滑，防爆等性能。格栅板的分类： 　　按焊接方式，可分为：压焊型、相嵌型、穿锁型和穿焊型。 　　按按其负载扁钢侧表面的形状，可分为：平面型、齿型和“工”字型等。 　　按其用途可分为：一般用途钢格栅板和专门用途的钢格栅板如：地沟盖板、踏步板等等。 　　按材料分为：不锈钢钢格栅板和碳钢钢格栅板。热镀锌格栅板的特点：高强度，轻结构；防腐能力强，经久耐用；外形美观，表面亮泽；便于安装他折卸；通风，采光，散热，防滑，防爆性好；不积污物，不积雨雪，不积水，自清洁，易于维护。热镀锌格栅板的应用：广泛应用于石油化工，电力，自来水，污水处理，港口码头，建筑修饰，造船，自走式停车场，市政工程，环卫工程等领域平台，走道，栈桥，沟盖，井盖，梯子，围栏等。 　　格栅板的制作方式：有机器压焊和手工制作两种。机器压焊使用高压电阻压焊机，机械手自动将横杆横放在均匀排列的扁钢上，通过强大的电焊功率和液压力将横杆压焊入扁钢内，从而可以得到焊点坚固,稳定性和强度极高的高品质格栅板，手工制作的格栅板是先在扁钢上冲孔,然后将横杆放入孔中点焊，横杆与扁钢会存在空隙，而且不可能每个接触点都进行焊接,因此焊接不牢固,强度有所降低。 　　在冶金、矿山、石油、电力与工业领域以及一些民用领域中，热镀锌格栅板作为一种新型建材正得到日益广泛的应用。所谓新材料，其实在国外已有几十年以上的历史，不过在中国得到广泛应用也只是近10年的事。所以热镀锌格栅板在中国 市场 的前景良好。

钢栅板，又称钢格板，所以镀锌钢栅板就是镀锌钢格板。镀锌钢格板，是指表面镀有一层锌的钢格板。钢格板是用扁钢按照一定的间距和横杆（扭绞方钢、方钢、圆钢、扁钢等）进行交叉排列，并且焊接成中间带有方形格子的一种钢铁制品，钢格板主要用来做水沟盖板，钢结构平台板，钢梯的踏步板等．横杆一般采用经过扭绞的方钢．钢格板一般采用碳钢制作，外表热镀锌，可以起到防止氧化的作用。也可以采用不锈钢制作．钢格板具有通风，采光，散热，防滑，防爆等性能。钢格板表面处理方式：热镀锌、冷镀锌、喷漆、浸防锈油、不处理。钢格板的特点外形美观：线条简捷。银色外表，现代潮流。最佳排水：漏水面积达83.3%，是铸铁的两倍多。热浸镀锌：防锈力强，免维护及更换。防盗设计：盖与框用铰联接，防盗，安全，开启方便。节省投资：大跨。重载时，比铸铁价低且节省被盗话压碎更换的费用。 　　高强度：强度和韧性远高于铸铁，可用于码头，机场等大跨度和重载荷的环境。 　　镀锌钢栅板的应用适用于合金，建材，电站，锅炉，造船，石化，化工及一般工厂房、市政建设等 行业 ；用于城市道路，广场，园林，码头，机场，停车场，公路，铁路，工业工程等各类工业民用建筑。 

阳极氧化(anodic oxidation)，是将金属或合金的制件作为阳极，选用电解的方法使其表面构成氧化物薄膜。金属氧化物薄膜改变了表面状况和功能，提高了其耐腐蚀性、增强耐磨才能及硬度，然后维护金属表面。　　怎样区别阳极氧化　　1、阳极氧化抗静电，电表红黑南北极轻压铝板表面，指针读数很小甚至为0，仿冒品指针有读数，表明表面导电，且读数跳动不定，表明表面漆膜不均匀；　　2、阳极氧化表面后，密度很厚，不吸尘不沾油烟，重复接触后不会留有手印；　　3、其他防品在外观上和进口板十分类似，可是细心区别，可发现那些材料表面缺少金属光泽，摸起来较粗糙，材料发白；　　铝合金阳极氧化板材对铝基材的要求很高，作为阳极氧化铝的铝材的纯度要求适当高。当然，纯度越高的铝材报价就越高，这也是阳极氧化铝报价高的原因之一。所以，市道有许多的阳极氧化铝，顾客要注意辨认其真伪。怎样辨别其真伪呢？关于一般的顾客来说，有一个简单易行的方法，就是看原料表面是否有金属质感，真实的阳极氧化铝的氧化膜看上去、摸上去都是同金属自身构成一体的，没有人工覆上去的感觉。

镍铜合金板1.     特性该合金是一种用量最大、用途最广、综合性能最佳的耐蚀镍铜合金。在氢氟酸和氟气介质中具有优异的耐蚀性;对热浓碱液、中性溶液、高温氯素、各类食品、水、海水、大气及多种有机化合物等也具有耐蚀性。其重要特征是一般无应力腐蚀裂纹。合金组织为高强度单相固溶体。具有良好的冷、热加工性能和切削性能。2.     型材：（ASTM标准）合金产品有：棒材、管材、板材、丝材、锻件以及复合板等。镍铜合金板是镍铜合金的一种型材。3.     化学成分（%）Ni（+Co）    C    S         Cu         Mn     Fe      Si≥63.0    ≤0.3  ≤0.024  28.0~34.0   ≤2.0  ≤2.50  ≤0.5一种铜镍硅铁合金，含有铜、镍、硅和铁，以及碳、磷、硫等不可避免的杂质，这些成分的重量百分比为：铜45～55％，镍1-25％，硅8～15％，碳磷硫等不可避免的杂质总和≤2％，余量为铁。具有低熔点、扩散性能 高、兼备脱氧效果、方便炉前操作、并能节约生产成本等显著的优点。是一种冶炼耐热钢、耐候钢和其它合金钢的合金添加剂。一种铜镍合金凸缘管件精密成型方法一种铜镍合金凸缘管件精密成型方法经下料→加热→成型→机加工而成，先在锯床上切成管坯5，放入加热器3，通过电源1将感应线圈4功率调整在20～ 100KW，由推料器2按1～2件/分钟的推料频率推入感应器加热至900～980℃，加热时间0.5～1分钟。将上模7固定在专用油压机压杆6下端，底座14安装定位环11，先装入下模17和芯杆15，外模8定位，压环10和螺母9固定；下模、外模、芯杆底平面靠紧在底座上端并和定位环通过T形块13和螺栓12联接；管坯套装在下模上，上模下行正向挤压管坯成型，然后上行脱离管坯，将成型管坯按技术要求和表面粗糙度加工成合格的铜镍合金凸缘管件18。管坯利用率提高10％，降低能耗。 一种铜镍合金的应用一种铜镍合金的应用对于生产 金属 熔液接收容器的生产来说，例如用于熔融－重熔装置的坩埚，需要一种材料，该材料除了具有良好的热机械性能外，还要有优越的焊接性能。根据发明，建议应用一种非时效硬化状态的铜合金，该合金由0.2％至1.5％镍，0.002％至0.12％的磷、铝、锰、锂、钙、硅和硼元素组中至少一种元素、余量为铜及炼制过程中带进的杂质组成。出于提高强度的目的，该合金中还可含有至多为0.3％的锆。一种易切削镍铜合金的制备方法一种易切削镍铜合金，成分百分比为碳≤0.3，锰≤2.0，铁≤2.5，硫 0.025-0.060，硅≤0.5，铜28.0-34.0，余量的镍，易切削镍铜合金的制备方法，第一步：装料，抽真空，第二步：控制温度在1500℃到1650℃之间，精炼5到25分钟，加入脱氧剂，最后加入硫化物，使得镍铜合金中的硫含量介于0.020-0.08％，优化的硫含量为0.040-0.06％，所述的硫化物为硫化锰、硫化铁、硫化镍、硫化铜和高冰镍中的一种或者它们的混合物，所述的脱氧剂为碳和镍镁合金、钙硅合金、铜锆合金三者之一或它们的混合物；第三步：测温，1400℃到1500℃时浇铸，浇铸时间低于30秒，破真空不少于10分钟。钢材的切削性能好，对改善钢可切削性的效果非常显著，降低切削力与切削温度，明显提高刀具寿命，降低工件的表面粗糙度，改善切屑处理性。 

        铜锡合金板具有优良的耐弯性，柔韧性，节省空间性，信号高速传输性及抗电磁干扰性，可用于笔记本，手机，液晶屏等电子设备的内部布线，彩色超声波诊断装置用探测传输线等产品。极细同轴电缆有进一步细径化的需求，要实现极细同轴电缆的细径化，要求导体材料本身具有高导电性和可承受反复弯曲及扭转的高强度特性。　　众所周知，锡铅(SN-PB)合金焊料能优异，在电子元器件的组装领域得广泛应用。但是，非常遗憾的是SN-PB中的铅对于环境和人体健康有害，限制使用含铅电子材料的活动已正式启动。 也因此很多国家都开始励行削减铅使用量的活动。在这样的背景下，强烈要求开发无铅焊接技术和相应的锡铜SN-CU合金电镀技术。   无铅焊料电镀技术要求　　关于无铅焊料电镀层和电解液，除了不允许使用含铅物质之外比较难于实现的是要求与以往一直使用的SN-PB电镀层有同样的宝贵特性。具体要求的性能，如下所述：(1)环境安全性——不允许有像铅PB等有害人体健康和污染环境的物质；(2)析出稳定性——获得均匀的外表面和均匀的合金比例；(3)焊料润湿性——当进行耐热试验和高温、高湿试验后，焊料的润湿性仅允许有很小程度的劣化；（4）抑制 金属 须晶产生；(5)焊接强度粘着性——同焊料材料之间接合可靠性；（6）柔韧性——不发生断裂；（7）不污染流焊槽;（8）低成本；(9)良好的可作业性——主要是指电解容易管理；(10)长期可靠性——即使是长期使用电解液，也能保证电镀层稳定；(11)排水处理——不加特殊的螯合剂(CHELATE)，可利用中和凝聚沉淀处理方法清除重 金属 。　　在选择无铅焊料电镀技术时，应当综合分析权衡上述诸多因素，选SN-PB电镀性能的无铅焊料电镀技术，选择SN-CU（合金焊料）电解液的原因作为无铅焊料电镀技术，现已研究很多种，诸如，试图以SN-ZN、SN-BI、SB-AG和SN-CU电镀取代一直使用的SN-PB电镀。然而，这些无铅电镀技术也是各有短、长，并非十全十美。例如，SN电镀的优点是低成本，确有电子元器采用电镀锡的力方法，因为是单一 金属 锡，当然不存在电镀合金比率的管理问题。可是，SN电镀的缺点突出，如像产生 金属 须晶(WHISKER)而且焊料润湿性随时间推移发生劣化。SN-ZN电镀的长处于在成本和熔点低，美中不足是大气中焊接困难，必须在氮气中实现焊接。SN-BI电镀的优势是熔点低而且焊料润湿性优良，其劣势也不胜枚举：因为BI是脆性 金属 ，含有BI的SN-BI镀层容易发生裂纹，而且组装后的器件引线和电路板焊接界面剥（LIFTOFF），更麻烦的是电解液中的BI3+离子在SN-BI合金阳极或电镀层上置换沉积。SN-AG电镀的优点是接合强度以及耐热疲劳特性都非常好，缺点是成本高，也存在SN-AG阳极和SN-AG镀层上出现AG置换沉积现象。　　上述的无铅电镀技术都有优异的特性，同时也存在很多有待进一步研究的课题，实用化为时尚早。为此，日本上村工业公司认为SN-CU电镀最有希望取代SN-PB电镀，可以发展成实用化技术，于是决定开发SN-CU电解液。关于SN-CU电镀层特性，它除了熔点稍许偏高(SN-CU共晶温度227℃)之外，润湿性良好。成本低，对流焊槽无污染，而且可抑制 金属 须晶生成。　　SN-CU合金焊料的开发SN/SN2+的标准电极电位是-0．136VVS．SHE(25℃)，然而CU/CU2+是+0．33V，两者之间的电位差比较大，在—般的单纯盐类电解液里，铜CU很容易优先析出。　　而且，当用可溶性SN阳极或者SN-CU合金阳极的时候，由于电解液中的CU2+离子和阳极的SN之间置换反应产生析出沉表1标准电解液和作业条件(获得SN-LWT%CU镀层的情况积。因此，把电解液中的SN2+和CU2+的析出电位搞得相接近，需要有抑制铜CU优析出的络合剂。通过研究各种各样的络合剂，最后终于找到SN-CU电解液配方，它能使SN和CU形成合金并可抑制在铜CU阳极上的置换沉积。       现在使用铜锡合金板已经不是什么不可能实现的问题了。在电子元器件的组装领域得广泛应用。 

今日硅钙板价格各地区小幅下调，成交价格混乱，与报价仍有差距。据我的钢铁分析员了解，陕西地区Ca28Si55出厂含税价格在10200-11000元/吨，Ca30Si55价格在10500-11500元/吨；山西地区Ca28Si55价格在10500-11000元/吨，Ca30Si55价格在11000-11500元/吨，内蒙地区Ca28Si55价格在9600-13000元/吨，Ca30Si55价格在10000-13200元/吨，宁夏地区Ca28Si55含税到港价格在11200元/吨左右，Ca30Si55含税到港价格在11500元/吨左右。出口价格在出厂含税价上再加600-800元/吨左右。据我的钢铁网向国内各地生产企业了解，今日各地硅钙报价稍有下调，此次硅钙价格的变动主要是受国外采购厂家增多影响，前期价格稍稳，今日国外厂家采购基本告一段落，价格稍有回落。不少生产企业预计，后期即使硅钙出口关税增加20％，但是相对其它国家而言，中国硅钙的出口价格依然存在优势，所以邻国需要采购还是首先会考虑中国。关税通知的事实对硅钙国外采购实际的影响应该不会很大，主要还是受全球金融危机、钢材市场不景气的的影响较大。据了解，节内硅钙成交比较清淡，出口方面需求也有减少。虽然节日期间运输不便造成部分影响，但主要原因还是国内外市场不景气。目前需求企业为了将成本降到最低，都按每月需求量采购硅钙。由于需求的减少，只有部分企业依靠老客户在维持生计，大部分企业都遇到了出货难的问题，资金难以周转。许多厂家选择了停产检修、待销等手段来减少损失。其中内蒙地区的停产，减产厂家居多，其次是山西地区和陕西地区。有生产厂家表示：虽然现在市场上有消息宣称，8月中旬国内钢厂可能有一波硅钙采购，可以缓解眼下的压力。但是目前全球经济都处在一个非常时期，不能用以往的常理来推断。而且现在国内硅钙板价格生产企业拥有大量库存，即使中旬开始采购，不少厂家会选择积极出货，给采购商更多的选择空间，形势也不会太乐观。 

镍合金板价格在近几年里，随着我国对镍及镍合金扶持力度加大以及国家对镍及镍合金相关措施推出，鉴于镍及镍合金价格变化对于国内消费有着巨大的影响，加强对镍及镍合金市场的价格管理和调节显得十分重要。   镍基高温合金中应用最为广泛。主要原因在于，一是镍基合金中可以溶解较多合金元素，且能保持较好的组织稳定性；二是可以形成共格有序的 A3B型金属间化合物γ[Ni3(Al，Ti)]相作为强化相，使合金得到有效的强化，获得比铁基高温合金和钴基高温合金更高的高温强度；三是含铬的镍基合金具有比铁基高温合金更好的抗氧化和抗燃气腐蚀能力。镍基合金含有十多种元素，其中Cr主要起抗氧化和抗腐蚀作用，其他元素主要起强化作用。根据它们的强化作用方式可分为：固溶强化元素，如钨、钼、钴、铬和钒等；沉淀强化元素，如铝、钛、铌和钽；晶界强化元素，如硼、锆、镁和稀土元素等。        本报告从政策走势、市场运行、价格机制、影响因素、进出口贸易、经销企业、地区种植、储备运输等多个方面来研究镍及镍合金市场的价格走势及其成因。对于镍及镍合金企业、镍及镍合金价格管理部门都有很好的参考价值。   镍合金板价格与其他合金材料的即时更新尽在上海有色网 镍 专区。