冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。镀锌是在装有镀件、玻璃球、锌粉、水和促进剂的旋转滚桶内，作为冲击介质的玻璃球随着滚桶转动，与镀件表面发生摩擦和锤击产生机械物理能量，在化学促进剂的作用下，将镀涂的锌粉“冷焊”到镀件表面上，形成光滑、均匀和细致的具有一定厚度的镀层。镀锌分为热镀锌和电镀锌两种。热镀锌也叫热浸镀锌和热浸锌，是一种有效的 金属 防腐方式，主要用于各 行业 的 金属 结构设施上。是将除锈后的钢件浸入500℃左右融化的锌液中，使钢构件表面附着锌层，从而起到防腐的目的。电镀锌，是利用电解设备将管件经过除油、酸洗、后放入成分为锌盐的溶液中，并连接电解设备的负极，在管件的对面放置锌版，连接在电解设备的正极接通电源，利用电流从正极向负极的定向移动就会在管件上沉积一层锌，冷镀管件是先加工后镀锌。

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在6~13.5吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。产品特点因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。简单来说，冷轧，是在热软板扎的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧→酸洗→冷轧这样的加工过程。冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由热轧经过连续冷变形而成的冷轧，机械性能比较差，硬度太高，必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。化学成分（Wt%）牌号CSiMnPSCuSPCC0.02～0.08≤0.100.15～0.30≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q1950.06～0.12≤0.300.25～0.50≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q235-B0.12～0.20≤0.300.30～0.70≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050制作工序冷轧通常采用众轧的方式。冷轧生产的工序一般包括原料准备、酸洗、轧制、脱脂、退火(热处理)、精整等。冷轧以热轧产品为原料，冷轧前原料要先除磷，以保证冷轧产品的表面洁净。轧制是使材料变形的主要工序。脱脂的目的在于去除轧制时附在轧材上的润滑油脂，以免退火时污染钢材表面，对不锈钢也为防止增碳。退火包括中间退火和成品热处理，中间退火是通过再结晶消除冷变形时产生的加工硬化，以恢复材料的塑性及降低金属的变形抗力。成品热处理的目的除了通过再结晶消除硬化外。还在于根据产品的技术要求以获得所需要的组织(如各种织构等)和产品性能(如深冲、电磁性能等)。精整包括检查、剪切、矫直(平整)、打印、分类包装等内容。冷轧产品有很高的包装要求，以防止产品在运输过程中表面被刮伤。除上述工序外在生产一些特殊产品时还有各自的特殊工序。如轧制硅钢板时，在冷轧前要进行脱碳退火，轧后要进行涂膜、高温退火、拉伸矫直(见张力矫直)与回火等。用于冷轧带刚的轧机有二辊轧机、四辊轧机和多辊轧机。应用最多的是四辊轧机。轧制更薄的产品则要采用多辊轧机。多辊轧机的种类很多，如六辊轧机、偏八辊轧机，十二辊轧机，二十辊轧机等(见轧机)。随着对板形要求的提高，发展了许多改进板形的技术，如弯辊技术、窜辊技术和交叉轧辊技术等。冷轧带钢轧机按机架排列可分为单机可逆或不可逆式与多机连续式两类。前者适用于多品种、少批量或合金钢产品比例大的情况。它投资低、建厂快，但产量低，金属消耗较大。多机架连续轧制适合于产品品种较单一或者变动不大的情况，它有生产效率高、产量大的优点，但投资较大。与热轧带钢(见热连轧宽带钢生产工艺、热轧窄带钢生产)相比，冷轧带钢(见冷板扎带生产)的轧制工艺有以下特点：(1)采用工艺润滑和冷却，以降低轧制时的变形抗力和冷却轧辊；(2)采用大张力轧制，以降低变形抗力和保持轧制过程的稳定。采用的平均单位张力值为材料屈服强度的10%～60%，一般不超过50%；(3)采用多轧程轧制。由于冷轧使材料产生加工硬化，当总变形量达到60%～80%时，继续变形就变得很困难。为此要进行中间退火，使材料软化后轧制得以继续进行。为了得到要求的薄带钢，这样的中间退火可能要进行多次。两次中间退火之间的轧制称为一个轧程。冷轧带钢的退火在有保护气体的连续式退火炉或罩式退火炉中进行(见冷轧板带退火)。冷轧带钢的最小厚度目前可达到0.05mm，冷轧箔材可达到0.001mm。

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板，俗称冷板。　　冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。 　　一般来说，冷轧钢板分为三代产品：沸腾钢为第一代，铝镇静钢为第二代，无间隙原子刚（IF钢）为第三代。   您查询的关键词是：冷轧钢板  。如果打开速度慢，可以尝试快速版；如果想保存快照，可以添加到搜藏。 "冷轧钢板""2,冷轧钢板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.56",,"2.5","6000x1200 7000x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","22.25""0.45",,"4.01",,"2.75",,"24.48""0.5",,"4.45",,"3.0",,"26.70""0.6",,"5.34",,"3.5",,"31.50""0.7",,"6.23",,"4.0",,"35.60""0.8",,"7.12",,"4.5",,"40.05""0.9",,"8.01",,"5.0",,"44.50""1.0",,"8.90",,"5.5",,"48.95""1.1",,"9.79",,"6.0",,"53.40""1.2",,"10.68",,"6.5",,"57.85""1.35",,"12.02",,"7.0",,"62.30""1.5",,"13.35",,"7.5",,"66.75""1.65",,"14.60",,"8.0",,"71.20""1.8",,"16.02",,"9.0",,"80.10""2.0",,"17.80",,"10.0",,"89.00""2.25",,"20.03""冷轧铜条""2,冷轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.20","200~400","500~800","1.78",,"2.50","200~500","500~2000","22.25""0.25",,,"2.23",,"2.75",,,"24.48""0.30",,,"2.67",,"3.00",,"1000~2000","26.70""0.35",,,"3.12",,"3.50",,,"31.15""0.40","200~500","500~2000","3.56",,"4.00",,,"35.60""0.45",,,"4.01",,"4.50",,,"40.05""0.50",,,"4.45",,"5.00",,,"44.50""0.60",,,"5.34",,"5.50",,,"48.95""0.70",,,"6.23",,"6.00",,,"53.40""0.80",,,"7.12",,"6.50",,,"57.85""0.90",,,"8.01",,"7.00",,,"62.30""1.00",,,"8.90",,"8.00",,,"71.20""1.20",,,"10.68",,"9.00",,,"80.10""1.30",,,"11.57",,"10.00",,,"89.00""1.40",,,"12.46",,"11.00",,,"97.90""1.50",,,"13.35",,"12.00",,,"106.8""1.60",,,"14.69",,"13.00",,,"115.7""1.80",,,"16.02",,"14.00",,,"124.6""2.00",,,"17.80",,"15.00",,,"133.5""注 铜板和条(热轧,冷轧)的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4和TU和TUP,其化学成分应符合YB145-71规定""特殊用冷轧黄铜条""3,特殊用冷轧黄铜条(YB555-65)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)""0.20","200~300","500~1000","1.76",,"1.6","200~500","500~2000","14.08""0.25",,,"2.20",,"1.8",,,"15.84""0.30","200~400",,"2.64",,"2.0",,,"17.60""0.35",,,"3.08",,"2.5",,,"22.00""0.40","200~500",,"3.52",,"2.75",,,"24.20""0.45",,,"3.96",,"3.0",,,"26.40""0.50",,"500~2000","4.40",,"3.5",,,"30.80""0.55",,,"4.84",,"4.0",,,"35.20""0.60",,,"5.28",,"4.5",,,"39.60""0.70",,,"6.16",,"5.0",,,"44.00""0.80",,,"7.04",,"5.5",,,"48.40""0.90",,,"7.92",,"6.0",,,"52.80""1.0",,,"8.8",,"6.5",,,"57.20""1.2",,,"10.56",,"7.0",,,"61.60""1.3",,,"11.44",,"8.0",,,"70.40""1.4",,,"12.32",,"9.0",,,"79.20""1.5",,,"13.20",,"10.0",,,"88.00""注 (1)标记举例:用H80制成的,厚度为0.8mm,宽度为300mm,长度为1000mm的1/2硬条标记为:"" 条H80-Y20.8x300x1000YB555-65."" (2)冷轧条分为定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.""多面体的体积和表面积""多面体的体积和表面积""图形",,"尺寸符号",,"重心(G)""立方体",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方体∧棱柱∨",,,,"G0=h/2""三棱柱",,,,"Go=h/2""棱锥",,,,"Go=h/4""棱台""圆柱和空心圆柱∧管∨",,,,"Go=h/2""斜线直圆柱""直圆锥",,,,"Go=h/4""圆台""球",,,,"在球心上""球扇形∧球楔∨",,,,"Go=3/4(r-h/2)""球缺",,,,"Go=3(2r-h)2/4(3r-h)""圆环体∧胎∨",,,,"在环中心上""球带体",,,,"Go=h1+h/2""桶形",,,,"在轴交点上""椭球体",," a,b,c-半轴",,"在轴交点上""交叉圆柱体",,,,"在二轴交点上""梯形体""常用图形求面积,体积公式""常用图形求面积,体积公式""图形",,"尺寸符号","面积(F) 表面积(S)","重心(G)""正方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""三角形",,,,"GB=1/3BD CD=DA""平行四边形",,,,"对角线交点上""任意四边形""正多边形",,,,"在o点上""菱形",,,,"在对角线交点上""梯形""圆形",,,,"在圆心上""椭圆形",,"a·b-主轴","F= (π/4) a·b","在主轴交点G上""扇形""弓形""圆环",,,,"在圆心O""部分圆环""新月形",,,,"O1G=(π-P)L/2P","L d/10","2d/10 3d/10 4d/10","5d/10 6d/10 7d/10 ","8d/10 9d/10","P 0.40","0.79 1.18 1.56","1.91 2.25 2.55","2.81 3.02""抛物线形""等多边形",,," "," 在内,外接圆心处""冷轧黄钢板""4,冷轧黄钢板(YB460-71)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)""0.20","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","1.70",,"2.00","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","17.00""0.25",,"2.13",,"2.25",,"19.13""0.30",,"2.55",,"2.50",,"21.25""0.35",,"2.98",,"2.75",,"23.38""0.40",,"3.40",,"3.00",,"25.50""0.45",,"3.82",,"3.50",,"29.75""0.50",,"4.25",,"4.00",,"34.00""0.60",,"5.10",,"4.50",,"38.20""0.70",,"5.95",,"5.00",,"42.50""0.80",,"6.80",,"5.50",,"46.75""0.90",,"7.65",,"6.00",,"51.00""1.00",,"8.50",,"6.50",,"55.25""1.10",,"9.35",,"7.00",,"59.50""1.20",,"10.20",,"7.50",,"63.75""1.35",,"11.48",,"8.00",,"68.00""1.50",,"12.75",,"9.00",,"76.50""1.65",,"14.03",,"10.00",,"85.00""1.80",,"15.30""注 (1)冷轧软板仅供应H59,H62,H68,H80,H90,H96,HMn58-2,HPb59-1牌号.""(2)冷轧1/2硬板仅供应H62,H65,H68,H90,HMn58-2牌号.""(3)冷轧特硬板仅供应H62牌号.""(4)冷轧板材长度分为:定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.其通常长度为500~2000mm,但长度不得小于宽度.""特殊用冷轧黄钢板""5,特殊用冷轧黄钢板(YB555-65)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.52",,"2.25","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","19.60""0.45",,"3.96",,"2.50",,"22.00""0.50",,"4.40",,"2.75",,"24.20""0.55",,"4.84",,"3.0",,"26.40""0.60",,"5.28",,"3.5",,"30.80""0.70",,"6.16",,"4.0",,"35.20""0.80",,"7.04",,"4.5",,"39.60""0.90",,"7.92",,"5.0",,"44.00""1.0",,"8.80",,"5.5",,"48.40""1.1",,"9.68",,"6.0",,"52.80""1.2",,"10.56",,"6.5",,"57.20""1.35",,"11.88",,"7.0",,"61.60""1.5",,"13.20",,"7.5",,"66.60""1.65",,"14.52",,"8.0",,"70.40""1.8",,"15.84",,"9.0",,"79.20""2.0",,"17.60",,"10.0",,"88.00""注 标记举例:用H90制成的,厚度为2.5mm,宽度为600mm,长度为1200mm的软板标记为:"" 板H90M2.5x600x1200xYB555-65.""铝及铝合金板""6,铝及铝合金板""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)"0.5,"1.40",,"2.5","7.00",,"9.0","25.2",,"25","70.0"0.6,"1.68",,"3.0","8.40",,"10.0","28.0",,"30","84.0"0.8,"2.24",,"3.5","9.80",,"12.0","33.6",,"35","98.0""1.0","2.80",,"4.0","11.20",,"14.0","39.2",,"40","112.0""1.2","3.36",,"5.0","14.00",,"16.0","44.8",,"50","140.0""1.5","4.20",,"6.0","16.80",,"18.0","50.4",,"60","168.0""1.8","5.04",,"7.0","19.60",,"20.0","56.0",,"70","196.0""2.0","5.60",,"8.0","22.40",,"22.0","61.6",,"80","224.0""注 (1)板的宽度有1000,1200和500mm;板的长度有2000,3000和4000mm."" (2)理论重量按LY11,LY12和LD10等牌号铝合金的比重2.8计算,对于其他牌号的铝合金和工业纯铝,应乘以"" 下列换算系数:LD2-0.961;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975;LC4-1.018;工业纯铝-0.967.""铅板""7,铅板(GB1470-79)""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)""1.0","11.37",,"3.0","34.11",,"5.0","56.85",,"9.0","102.33""1.5","17.06",,"3.5","39.80",,"6.0","68.22",,"10.0","113.70""2.0","22.74",,"4.0","45.48",,"7.0","79.59",,"12.0","136.44""2.5","28.43",,"4.5","51.17",,"8.0","90.96",,"16.0","170.55""注 (1)铅的化学成分按GB469-64标准."" (2)板材理论重量按比重为11.34计算,宽度按500mm进张."" (3)板材成卷供应,厚度大于15mm的板材,以片状供应,厚度不大于1.5mm的板材,应用木箱包装.""纯铜带"",纯铜带(YB464-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.05","18~150","≥20","0.44",,"0.50","18~300","≥10","4.45""0.06",,,"0.53",,"0.55",,,"4.90""0.07",,,"0.62",,"0.60",,,"5.34""0.08",,,"0.71",,"0.65",,,"5.79""0.09",,,"0.80",,"0.70",,,"6.23""0.10","18~300",,"0.89",,"0.75",,,"6.68""0.12",,,"1.07",,"0.80",,,"7.12""0.15",,,"1.34",,"0.85",,,"7.57""0.18",,,"1.60",,"0.90",,,"8.01""0.20",,,"1.78",,"1.00",,,"8.90""0.22",,,"1.96",,"1.10",,,"9.79""0.25",,,"2.23",,"1.20",,"≥7","10.68""0.30",,,"2.67",,"1.30",,,"11.57""0.35",,,"3.12",,"14.40",,,"12.46""0.40",,,"3.56",,"1.50",,,"13.35""0.45",,,"4.01""注 纯铜带的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4,TUP,其化学成分符合YB145-71的规定.""铝带""9,铝带""宽 度 (mm)","厚 度 (mm)","3","4","5","6","8","10","12","重 量 (kg/m)""10","0.080","0.107","0.134 0.161 0.268 0.335 0.402 0.536 0.670 0.804 1.072 1.340 1.608","0.161","0.214","0.268","0.322""12","0.096","0.129",,"0.193","0.257","0.322","0.386""15","0.121","0.161",,"0.241","0.322","0.402","0.482""20","0.161","0.214",,"0.322","0.429","0.568","0.643""25","0.201","0.268",,"0.402","0.568","0.670","0.804""30","0.241","0.332",,"0.482","0.643","0.804","0.965""40","0.322","0.429",,"0.643","0.858","1.072","1.286""50","0.402","0.536",,"0.804","1.072","1.340","1.608""60","0.482","0.643",,"0.965","1.286","1.608","1.930""80","0.643","0.858",,"1.286","1.715","2.144","2.573""100","0.804","1.072",,"1.608","2.144","2.680","3.216""120","0.965","1.286",,"1.930","2.573","3.216","3.859""注 表中重量系以LY11,LY12,(比重2.8)为准,其他合金应乘以下列系数:"" L1~L6-0.967;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975.""热轧铜条""1,热轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""4.0","200~500","≥1000","35.60",,"8.0","200~500","≥1000","71.20""4.5",,,"40.05",,"9.0",,,"80.10""5.0",,,"44.05",,"10.0",,,"89.0""5.5",,,"48.95",,"11.0",,,"97.9""6.0",,,"53.40",,"12.0",,,"106.8""6.5",,,"57.85",,"13.0",,,"115.7""7.0",,,"62.30",,"14.0",,,"124.6""7.5",,,"66.75",,"15.0",,,"133.5""英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""(二)英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm""0","0.324","8.230",,"14","0.080","2.032",,"28","0.0148","0.376""1","0.300","7.020",,"15","0.072","1.829",,"29","0.0136","0.345""2","0.276","7.010",,"16","0.064","1.626",,"30","0.0124","0.315""3","0.252","6.401",,"17","0.056","1.422",,"31","0.0116","0.295""4","0.232","5.893",,"18","0.048","1.219",,"32","0.0108","0.274""5","0.212","5.385",,"19","0.040","1.016",,"33","0.0100","0.254""6","0.192","4.877",,"20","0.036","0.914",,"34","0.0092","0.234""7","0.176","4.470",,"21","0.032","0.813",,"35","0.0084","0.213""8","0.160","4.064",,"22","0.028","0.711",,"36","0.0076","0.193""9","0.144","3.658",,"23","0.024","0.610",,"37","0.0068","0.173""10","0.128","3.251",,"24","0.022","0.559",,"38","0.0060","0.152""11","0.116","2.946",,"25","0.020","0.508",,"39","0.0052","0.132"12,"0.104","2.642",,"26","0.018","0.457",,"40","0.0048","0.122"13,"0.092","2.337",,"27","0.0164","0.417",,"41","0.0044","0.112""刺钢丝""三)刺钢丝规格和重量""说 明 和 用 途",,"钢丝划号 (号)","刺间距离 (mm)","每kg长度 (m)","重量 (kg/km)""刺钢丝又名刺铁丝,俗称"花园铅丝"(因常作花园围墙篱笆之用,故名),系以镀锌钢丝经机器铰缠而成(一般用#12或#14钢丝制作).适于作各种围墙(尤其是公园围墙和临时建筑场地 的围墙)篱笆或障碍物用.",,"12","65","6.4","156",,,"75","7.2","139",,,"100","7.9","127",,,"125","8.6","116",,"14","65","10.9","91.8",,,"75","11.5","86.9",,,"100","13.0","76.9",,,"125","14.0","71.4""注 (1)刺钢丝规格的注写方法为"钢丝直径(号数)x尖数x刺间距离",或"钢丝直径(号数)x刺间距离"."" (2)表列刺钢丝的"每kg长度"和"重量",仅供参考.""刻痕钢丝""四)刻痕钢丝规格和重量""直径 (mm)","断面积 (mm2)","重量 (kg/m)"," 抗 拉 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,"屈 服 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,,"I组","II组","I组","II组""2.5","4.90","0.034","190","160","152","128""3","7.06","0.056","180","150","144","120""4","12.56","0.094","170","140","136","112""5","19.63","0.150","160","130","126","104""注 刻痕钢丝是由预应力混凝土结构用碳素钢丝(冷拔高强度钢丝)在经特制的"刻痕机"进行刻痕而制成的"" 预应力钢筋混凝土结构用的钢丝.""钢丝网""五)钢丝网规格和重量""号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)"20,"1.6","1.5",,"6","2.0","6.7",,"2.5","0.7","2.0",,"1","0.3","0.9","3.0","5.1",,"5.5","0.5","0.6",,"2.2","0.45","1.0",,,"0.35","1.2""18","1.6","1.7",,,"1.6","4.7",,,"0.6","1.6",,"0.9","0.25","0.7","3.0","5.7",,,"2.0","7.2",,,"0.8","2.9",,,"0.3","1.0""16","1.6","1.9",,"5","0.7","1.1",,"2","0.4","0.9",,,"0.4","1.6","3.0","6.3",,,"1.4","4.1",,,"0.5","1.3",,"0.8","0.22","0.6""14","1.4","1.7",,,"2.2","8.9",,,"0.6","1.9",,,"0.28","0.9","2.5","4.9",,"4.5","0.5","0.7",,,"1.2","6.0",,,"0.3","1.0""12","1.2","1.4",,,"1.0","2.3",,"1.8","0.4","0.9",,"0.7","0.2","0.6","2.5","5.7",,,"1.8","6.8",,,"0.5","1.4",,,"0.25","0.9""11","1.2","1.5",,"4","0.6","1.0",,,"0.7","2.6",,,"0.30","1.2","2.5","6.1",,,"1.0","2.6",,"1.6","0.3","0.6",,"0.63","0.22","0.7""10","1.0","1.2",,,"1.4","4.8",,,"0.4","1.0",,,"0.25","0.9","2.5","6.6",,"3.5","0.7","1.5",,,"0.45","1.3",,,"0.28","1.2""9","1.0","1.3",,,"1.0","2.9",,"1.4","0.30","0.7",,"0.56","0.22","0.8","2.2","5.7",,,"1.2","4.0",,,"0.35","0.9",,,"0.25","1.0""8","0.7","0.7",,"3.2","0.45","0.7",,,"0.65","2.7",,,"0.28","1.2","1.2","2.1",,,"0.9","2.7",,"1.2","0.28","0.7",,"0.5","0.22","0.9","1.8","4.5",,,"1.2","4.3",,,"0.35","1.0",,,"0.25","1.1""7","0.7","0.8",,"2.8","0.4","0.7",,,"0.4","1.3",,,"0.3","1.5","1.2","2.3",,,"0.7","1.8",,"1.1","0.28","0.7",,"0.45","0.2","0.8","1.8","5.0",,,"1.0","3.6",,,"0.35","1.1",,,"0.25","1.2""6","0.7","0.9",,"2.5","0.4","0.7",,,"0.40","1.4",,,"0.2","0.9","1.2","2.7",,,"0.5","1.1",,"1","0.25","0.7",,"0.4","0.25","1.3""钢板网""六)钢板网规格和重量""品 种","规 格 (mm)",,,,,,"每张大约重量(kg)","生产单位","丝梗厚度 h","孔眼宽度 T","丝梗宽度 b","节 距 t","网面宽度 B","网面长度 L""小","0.5","9","1","25","1800","600","0.875","上海中国钢板网厂",,,,,"2000",,"0.875","0.6","9","1","25","1800","600","1.000",,,,,"2000",,"1.125","0.7","9","1","25","1800","600","1.125",,,,,"2000",,"1.250""网","0.75","9","1","25","1800","600","1.250",,,,,"2000",,"1.375","0.8","9","1","25","1800","600","1.375",,,,,"2000",,"1.500","1","9","1","25","1500","600","1.625",,,,,"1800",,"1.875",,,,,"2000",,"2.125""大","0.5","7","1.2","2.5","1800","2800","5.85","上海中国钢板网厂","1","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","11.70",,"9","1.2","25","1500","3000","7.95",,,,,"1800","3600","11.70",,"9","1.1","25","2000","4000","14.76",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","11.70",,,,,"2000","4000","14.60","1.2","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","14.04",,"9","1.2","25","1800","3600","14.04",,,"1.1","25","2000","4000","17.71",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","14.04""网",,,,,"2000","4000","17.71","1.5","11","1.6","40","1800","3600","17.55",,"17","2.3","65","2000","4000","22.14","2","17","2.3","65","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"22","3.0","75","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"27","3.8","100","2000","4000","29.52","3","36","4.6","115","2000","4000","44.28",,"45","6.1","150""钢丝纱""七)钢丝纱(窗纱)规格和重量""规 格","面 积(m2/卷)","重 量",,"(kg/卷)","(kg/m2)""14目3x100","27.87","12.5","0.448""14目4x100","37.16","16.6","0.448""16目3x100",27.87,13.5,"0.484""16目4x100",37.16,"18.0","0.484""紫铜丝布""(八)紫铜丝布(紫铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","22","2.691",,"30","30","2.5116",,"65","36","1.9734""10","24","2.691",,"35","31","1.9734",,"70","36","1.9734""12","24","3.0498",,"40","32","1.9734",,"75","37","1.9734""16","26","2.1528",,"45","33","1.9734",,"80","37","1.9734""20","27","2.1528",,"50","34","1.9734",,"100","39","1.7940""24","30","2.1528",,"55","35","1.9734""28","30","2.3322",,"60","35","1.7940""黄铜丝布""(九)黄铜丝布(黄铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","24","1.5787",,"24","34","0.8611",,"50","38","0.6458""10","26","1.2375",,"26","34","0.8252",,"60","41","0.3947""12","27","1.2558",,"28","36","0.5386",,"70","42","0.3347""14","27","1.3276",,"30","36","0.5741",,"80","43","0.3767""16","32","0.6100",,"32","36","0.6100",,"90","43","0.4306""18","33","0.6100",,"34","36","0.6279",,"100","43","0.5023""20","33","0.7176",,"36","36","0.7176",,"110","44","0.3347""22","33","0.8611",,"40","36","0.4844",,"120","44","0.4485""铝及铝合金直角角型材""1,铝及铝合金直角角型材(XC111)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b"1,"12","1","0.234","0.065",,"25","25","1.3","0.734","0.204",,"49","38.3","5","3.590","0.998"2,"12","2","0.440","0.122",,"26","25","1.6","0.777","0.216",,"50","38.3","6.3","4.444","1.235"3,"12.5","1.6","0.377","0.105",,"27","25","2","0.964","0.268",,"51","40","2","1.564","0.435"4,"15","1","0.294","0.082",,"28","25","2.5","1.189","0.331",,"52","40","2.5","1.944","0.540"5,"15","1.2","0.353","0.098",,"29","25","3","1.410","0.392",,"53","40","3","2.320","0.645"6,"15","1.5","0.434","0.121",,"30","25","3.2","1.509","0.429",,"54","40","3.5","2.671","0.743"7,"15","2","0.564","0.157",,"31","25","3.5","1.641","0.456",,"55","40","3.5","2.694","0.749"8,"15","3","0.820","0.223",,"32","25","4","1.857","0.516",,"56","40","4","3.057","0.850"9,"16","1.6","0.429","0.119",,"33","25","5","2.242","0.623",,"57","40","5","3.750","1.043"10,"16","2.4","0.726","0.202",,"34","27","2","1.041","0.289",,"58","45","4","3.475","0.961"11,"18","1.5","0.524","0.146",,"35","27","2","1.090","0.303",,"59","45","5","4.277","1.189"12,"18","2","0.684","0.190",,"36","30","1.5","0.884","0.246",,"60","50","3","2.920","0.812"13,"19","1.6","0.585","0.163",,"37","30","2","1.164","0.324",,"61","50","4","3.857","1.072"14,"19","2.4","0.861","0.239",,"38","30","2.5","1.438","0.400",,"62","50","5","4.777","1.328"15,"19","3.2","1.125","0.313",,"39","30","3","1.720","0.478",,"63","50","6","5.655","1.572"16,"20","1","0.397","0.110",,"40","30","4","2.240","0.623",,"64","50","6.5","6.110","1.699"17,"20","1.2","0.473","0.131",,"41","32","2.4","1.491","0.415",,"65","50","12","10.600","2.947"18,"20","1.5","0.584","0.162",,"42","32","3.2","1.957","0.554",,"66","60","5","5.777","1.606"19,"20","2","0.764","0.212",,"43","32","3.5","2.131","0.592",,"67","60","6","6.855","1.906"20,"20","3","1.140","0.137",,"44","32","6.5","3.723","1.036",,"68","75","7","10.010","2.783"21,"20","4","1.475","0.410",,"45","35","3","2.005","0.557",,"69","75","8","11.360","3.158"22,"20.5","1.6","0.633","0.176",,"46","35","4","2.657","0.739",,"70","75","10","14.000","3.892"23,"23","2","0.680","0.245",,"47","38","2.4","1.773","0.498",,"71","90","5","8.750","2.433"24,"25","1.2","0.597","0.166",,"48","38.3","3.5","2.562","0.712",,"72","90","8","13.760","3.825""注 (1)铝及铝合金型材的尺寸,规格等摘自冶金工业部1970年颁发的《铝及铝镁合金挤压型材》."" (2)表内理论重量均按LY12合金比重(2.78)进行计算,其他材料的比重及换算系数如下:L1~L7(2.71)-0.975;"" LF2(2.68)-0.964;LF11(2.65)-0.953;LF21(2.73)-0.982;LD2(2.70)-0.971;"" LY11(2.80)-1.007;LY12(2.78)-1.000."" (3)铝型材主要生产单位有哈尔滨和西北铝加工厂等.西北铝加工厂的产品断面为100~400cm2,宽度小于530mm."" (4)铝及铝合金型材规格的表示方法是型材类别组号加序号,如XC111-4,其中,XC表示型材,后面的数字依次为"" 类别,组号,连字符后的数字为顺序号.""铝及铝合金直丁字型材""2,铝及铝合金直丁字型材(XC211)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"15","25","1","0.405","0.113",,"34","32","45","3","2.259","0.628"2,"19","50","2","1.378","0.383",,"35","32","48","2.4","1.874","0.521"3,"20","20","2","0.760","0.211",,"36","32","50","3","2.423","0.674"4,"20","30","1.5","0.740","0.206",,"37","35","32","1.5","1.000","0.278"5,"20","35","2","1.060","0.295",,"38","35","35","4","2.713","0.754"6,"20","37","2","1.117","0.311",,"39","35","40","2","1.468","0.408"7,"20","42","2","1.200","0.334",,"40","37","42","2","1.500","0.417"8,"20","42","2","1.240","0.345",,"41","38","44","5","3.910","1.087"9,"20","45","2","1.860","0.517",,"42","38","50","3.5","3.026","0.841"10,"20","90","2","2.160","0.600",,"43","38","50","4.8","3.990","1.109"11,"21","53","1.8","1.300","0.361",,"44","39","75","5","5.510","1.532"12,"22","48","1.4","1.960","0.267",,"45","40","36","5","3.350","0.933"13,"25","29","1.6","0.847","0.25",,"46","40","45","3","2.479","0.689"14,"25","35","1.5","0.890","0.247",,"47","40","45","4","3.274","0.910"15,"25","38","2.5","1.510","0.420",,"48","40","68","3","3.300","0.917"16,"25","40","2","1.280","0.356",,"49","40","130","6","9.840","2.736"17,"25","45","2.5","1.726","0.480",,"50","42","64","4","4.100","1.140"18,"25","45","3","2.019","0.561",,"51","45","40","2.2","1.860","0.517"19,"25","45","4","2.708","0.753",,"52","50","70","4","4.640","1.300"20,"25","48","1.4","1.012","0.288",,"53","51","51","2.4","2.443","0.679"21,"25","48","1.5","1.082","0.301",,"54","54","50","3","3.040","0.845"22,"25","50","2","1.499","0.417",,"55","54","68","3","3.608","1.003"23,"25","50","2.5","1.851","0.515",,"56","64","50","5","5.781","1.607"24,"26","38","2.5","1.554","0.432",,"57","63","50","2","2.320","0.645"25,"27","70","2","1.920","0.534",,"58","70","37","2","2.100","0.584"26,"29","38","1.6","1.055","0.293",,"59","70","55","2","2.460","0.684"27,"29","58","2.5","2.180","0.606",,"60","74","66","6","8.080","2.246"28,"29","58","3.5","2.991","0.831",,"61","75","40","3","3.400","0.945"29,"30","40","1.5","1.040","0.289",,"62","80","50","2","2.560","0.712"30,"30","40","2","1.370","0.381",,"63","80","60","3","4.110","1.143"31,"30","45","3","2.150","0.597",,"64","83","50","3","3.953","1.099"32,"30","56","4","3.280","0.912",,"65","90","77","10","15.700","4.365"33,"30","68","6.5","6.100","1.696""热轧铜板""1,热轧铜板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽 度 (mm)",,,,,,,,"理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)","600~900","1000~1200","1300~1500","1600~1800","1900~2200","2300~2500","2600~2800","2900~3000","最 大 长 度 (mm)""5.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"44.50""5.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"48.95""6.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"53.40""6.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"57.85""7.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"62.30""7.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"66.75""8.0","4000","5000","6000","5500","4800","4200","3700","3500","71.20""9.0","4000","5000","6000","5000","4200","3700","3300","3100","80.10""10.0","4000","5000","5500","4500","3800","3300","3000","3000","89.0""11.0","4000","5000","5000","4000","3400","3300","2800",,"97.9""12.0","4000","5000","4500","3800","3100","2800",,,"106.8""13.0","4000","5000","4000","3600","2900",,,,"115.7""14.0","4000","4500","3800","3300","2700",,,,"124.6""15.0","4500","4300","3600","3100","2500",,,,"133.5""16.0","4500","4300","3400","2000","2400",,,,"142.4""17.0","4500","4000","3200","2700","2200",,,,"151.3""18.0","4500","3900","3000","2600",,,,,"160.2""19.0","4500","3700","2800","2400",,,,,"169.1""20.0","4500","3500","2600","2300",,,,,"178.0""21.0","4000","3300","2500","2200",,,,,"186.9""22.0","4000","3000","2400","2100",,,,,"195.8""23.0","4000","3000","2400","2000",,,,,"204.7""24.0","3500","2800","2200","1900",,,,,"213.6""25.0","3500","2800","2000","1800",,,,,"222.5""注 热轧板的宽度按100mm进级.""铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材(XC511)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积 (mm2)","理论重量 (kg/m)","H","B","b"1,"23","38","1.2","1.178","0.327"2,"26","34.5","3.5","3.157","0.875"3,"57","48","8","11.000","3.058"4,"68","38","2.5","3.509","0.976"5,"86","60","6","11.600","3.225""铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材(XC411)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"12.7","15.9","1.6","0.688","0.191",,11,"38","25","3","2.613","0.726"2,"20","15","1.2","0.578","0.163",,12,"44","25","4","3.690","1.001"3,"20","15","1.5","0.721","0.200",,13,"50","19","2.5","2.102","0.584"4,"25","18","1.5","0.885","0.246",,14,"80","30","3","4.020","1.118"5,"25","23","3.5","2.267","0.630",,15,"80","35","4","5.680","1.579"6,"31","25","2.5","1.900","0.528",,16,"80","40","4","6.080","1.690"7,"32","14","1.9","1.000","0.303",,17,"100","30","3","4.620","1.284"8,"34","25","3.5","2.764","0.768",,18,"100","35","4","6.480","1.801"9,"36","26","2.5","2.075","0.577",,19,"100","40","4","6.880","1.913"10,"36","31.5","3.2","2.960","0.823""铝及铝合金槽形型材""3,铝及铝合金槽形型材(XC311)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"13","13","1.6","0.561","0.156",,"31","45","40","3","3.638","1.011"2,"13","34","3.5","2.579","0.717",,"32","46","25","5","4.300","1.195"3,"20","15","1.3","0.620","0.172",,"33","50","20","4","5.331","0.926"4,"21","28","4","2.868","0.797",,"34","50","30","2","2.120","0.589"5,"25","13","2.4","1.134","0.315",,"35","50","30","4","4.131","1.148"6,"25","15","1.5","0.795","0.221",,"36","55","25","5","4.819","1.340"7,"25","18","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"37","55","30","3","3.299","0.917"8,"25","18","2","1.140","0.317",,"38","60","25","4","4.131","1.148"9,"25","20","2.5","1.520","0.423",,"39","60","35","5","6.000","1.668"10,"25","20","4","2.280","0.634",,"40","60","40","4","4.480","1.245"11,"25","25","5","3.250","0.904",,"41","63","38.3","4.8","6.275","1.744"12,"30","15","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"42","64","38","4","5.300","1.473"13,"30","18","1.5","0.960","0.267",,"43","70","25","3","3.449","0.959"14,"30","20","2","1.335","0.371",,"44","70","25","5","5.500","1.529"15,"30","22","6","3.870","1.076",,"45","70","26","3.2","3.700","1.028"16,"32","25","1.8","1.437","0.399",,"46","70","30","4","4.931","1.371"17,"32","25","2.5","1.925","0.535",,"47","70","40","5","7.080","1.968"18,"35","20","2.5","1.770","0.492",,"48","75","45","5","7.831","2.177"19,"35","30","2","1.833","0.510",,"49","80","30","4.5","6.010","1.671"20,"38","50","5","6.560","1.824",,"50","80","35","4.5","6.414","1.783"21,"40","18","2","1.453","0.404",,"51","80","35","6","8.280","2.302"22,"40","18","2.5","1.795","0.499",,"52","80","40","4","6.131","1.704"23,"40","18","3","2.129","0.592",,"53","80","40","6","8.900","2.474"24,"40","21","4","2.960","0.823",,"54","80","60","4","7.480","2.079"25,"40","25","2","1.730","0.481",,"55","90","50","6","10.680","2.969"26,"40","25","3","2.549","0.709",,"56","100","40","6","10.080","2.802"27,"40","30","3.5","3.250","0.904",,"57","100","48","6.3","11.550","3.211"28,"40","32","3","2.978","0.828",,"58","100","50","5","9.580","2.663"29,"40","50","4","5.280","1.468",,"59","128","40","9","17.100","4.754"30,"45","20","3","2.370","0.659""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管1""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","0.25","0.30","0.40","0.50","0.60","0.80","1.0","1.2",1.4,"1.5",1.6,1.8,"2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""50",,,,,,,"1.21","1.44","1.68","1.79","1.91","2.14","2.37","2.59","2.93","3.25","3.48","3.70","4.01","4.54","5.05","5.55""(51)",,,,,,,"1.23","1.47","1.71","1.83","1.96","2.18","2.42","2.64","2.99","3.32","3.55","3.79","4.10","4.64","5.16","5.67""53",,,,,,,"1.28","1.53","1.78","1.91","2.03","2.27","2.52","2.76","3.11","3.46","3.70","3.94","4.27","4.83","5.38","5.92""(54)",,,,,,,"1.31","1.59","1.82","1.94","2.07","2.31","2.56","2.81","3.18","3.53","3.77","4.02","4.36","4.93","5.49","6.04""56",,,,,,,"1.36","1.62","1.89","2.02","2.15","2.40","2.66","2.92","3.30","3.66","3.92","4.17","4.53","5.13","5.71","6.29""(57)",,,,,,,"1.38","1.65","1.92","2.05","2.18","2.45","2.71","2.97","3.36","3.74","4.00","4.25","4.62","5.23","5.83","6.41""60",,,,,,,"1.46","1.74","2.02","2.16","2.31","2.58","2.86","3.13","3.55","3.94","4.22","4.49","4.88","5.52","6.16","6.78""63",,,,,,,"1.53","1.83","2.13","2.27","2.42","2.71","3.01","3.30","3.72","4.15","4.44","4.73","5.13","5.81","6.49","7.14""65",,,,,,,"1.58","1.89","2.20","2.35","2.50","2.80","3.11","3.40","3.85","4.29","4.59","4.89","5.31","6.02","6.71","7.40""(68)",,,,,,,"1.65","1.98","2.36","2.46","2.62","2.93","3.26","3.57","4.04","4.49","4.81","5.12","5.57","6.31","7.05","7.77""70",,,,,,,"1.70","2.03","2.37","2.53","2.70","3.02","3.35","3.68","4.16","4.36","4.96","5.23","5.74","6.51","7.27","8.01""(73)",,,,,,,"1.78","2.12","2.47","2.64","2.82","3.16","3.50","3.84","4.35","4.84","5.18","5.52","6.00","6.81","7.60","8.38""75",,,,,,,"1.82","2.18","2.54","2.71","2.90","3.24","3.60","3.95","4.46","4.97","5.32","5.68","6.17","7.00","7.82","8.62""(76)",,,,,,,"1.85","2.21","2.57","2.76","2.94","3.29","3.65","4.00","4.53","5.05","5.40","5.75","6.26","7.10","7.93","8.75""80",,,,,,,,,"2.71","2.90","3.09","3.47","3.84","4.22","4.77","5.32","5.69","6.07","6.60","7.49","8.37","9.24""(83)",,,,,,,,,"2.82","3.02","3.21","3.60","4.00","4.37","4.96","5.52","5.92","6.31","6.86","7.79","8.71","9.62""85",,,,,,,,,"2.88","3.08","3.29","3.69","4.09","4.48","5.08","5.66","6.06","6.46","7.04","7.98","8.93","9.83""(89)",,,,,,,,,"3.02","3.24","3.45","3.86","4.29","4.70","5.33","5.94","6.36","6.77","7.38","8.38","9.38","10.33""90",,,,,,,,,"3.05","3.27","3.49","3.91","4.34","4.76","5.39","6.01","6.43","6.86","7.47","8.47","9.49","10.47""95",,,,,,,,,"3.21","3.46","3.68","4.13","4.59","5.02","5.70","6.36","6.81","7.26","7.90","8.98","10.04","11.10"100,,,,,,,,,"3.40","3.64","3.88","4.35","4.83","5.30","6.00","6.70","7.17","7.65","8.32","9.46","10.59","11.70""(102)",,,,,,,,,"3.46","3.73","3.97","4.45","4.93","5.40","6.13","6.84","7.32","7.81","8.50","9.67","10.82","11.96""(108)",,,,,,,,,"3.67","3.95","4.21","4.72","5.23","5.74","6.50","7.25","7.77","8.29","9.02","10.26","11.49","12.70"110,,,,,,,,,"3.74","4.03","4.28","4.81","5.32","5.84","6.62","7.39","7.92","8.43","9.19","10.46","11.70","12.93"120,,,,,,,,,,"4.36","4.66","5.25","5.83","6.38","7.24","8.07","8.66","9.22","10.06","11.44","12.93","14.30"125,,,,,,,,,,,,"5.46","6.06","6.64","7.54","8.42","9.02","9.61","10.50","11.91","13.37","14.80"130,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"7.86","8.78","9.40","10.00","10.92","12.43","13.92","15.48""(133)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"8.05","8.98","9.59","10.25","11.18","12.75","14.26","15.75"140,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.11","10.79","11.80","13.42","15.05","16.65"150,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.85","11.52","12.65","14.39","16.11","17.85"160,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"13.53","15.38","17.25","19.09"170,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"14.31","16.31","18.35","20.30"180,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"15.20","17.30","19.50","21.59"190,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"18.29","20.60","22.80"200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"19.67","21.65","24.00""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管2""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","5.5","6.0","6.5","7.0","7.5","8.0","8.5","9","9.5","10",11,12,"钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""5""6""7""8""9""10","0.518","0.536","0.561""11","0.592","0.615","0.647""12","0.666","0.694","0.734","0.789""(13)","0.740","0.774","0.820","0.888""14","0.814","0.852","0.906","0.986""(15)","0.888","0.932","0.993","1.09","1.17","1.23""16","0.962","1.10","1.08","1.18","1.28","1.35""(17)","1.04","1.09","1.17","1.28","1.39","1.48""18","1.11","1.17","1.25","1.38","1.50","1.60""(19)","1.18","1.25","1.34","1.48","1.61","1.73","1.54","1.92""20","1.26","1.33","1.42","1.58","1.72","1.85","1.97","2.07""(21)","1.33","1.41","1.51","1.68","1.83","1.97","2.10","2.22""22","1.41","1.49","1.60","1.77","1.94","2.10","2.24","2.37""(23)","1.48","1.57","1.68","1.87","2.05","2.22","2.37","2.52""(24)","1.55","1.64","1.77","1.97","2.16","2.34","2.51","2.66","2.81","2.93""25","1.63","1.72","1.86","2.07","2.28","2.47","2.64","2.81","2.97","3.11""(27)","1.78","1.88","2.03","2.27","2.50","2.71","2.92","3.11","3.29","3.45""28","1.85","1.96","2.11","2.37","2.61","2.84","3.05","3.26","3.45","3.68""29","1.92","2.02","2.20","2.47","2.72","2.96","3.19","3.40","3.60","3.80","3.98""30","2.00","2.12","2.29","2.56","2.83","3.08","3.32","3.55","3.77","3.97","4.16","4.34""32","2.15","1.28","2.46","2.76","3.05","3.33","3.59","3.85","4.09","4.32","4.53","4.74""34","2.29","2.43","2.63","2.96","3.27","3.58","3.87","4.14","4.41","4.66","4.90","5.13""(35)","2.37","2.51","2.72","3.06","3.38","3.70","4.00","4.29","4.57","4.83","5.09","5.33""36","2.44","2.59","2.81","3.16","3.50","3.82","4.14","4.44","4.73","5.01","5.27","5.52""38","2.59","2.75","2.98","3.35","3.72","4.07","4.41","4.74","5.05","5.35","5.64","5.92","6.18","6.44""40","2.74","2.91","3.15","3.55","3.94","4.32","4.68","5.03","5.37","5.70","6.01","6.31","6.60","6.88""42","2.89","3.07","3.32","3.75","4.16","4.56","4.95","5.33","5.69","6.04","6.38","6.71","7.02","7.32""44.5","3.07","3.25","3.54","4.00","4.44","4.87","5.29","5.70","6.09","6.47","6.84","7.20","7.55","7.88""45","3.11","3.31","3.58","4.04","4.49","4.93","5.36","5.77","6.17","6.56","6.94","7.30","7.65","7.99","8.32","8.63""48","3.33","3.54","3.84","4.34","4.83","5.30","5.76","6.21","6.65","7.08","7.49","7.89","8.28","8.66","9.03","9.57""水,煤气输送钢管""1,水,煤气输送钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)234-63]""公称内径",,"钢 管 螺 纹",,"外径 (mm)","普通管",,"加厚管""mm","(in.)",,"壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)","壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)""6","1/8''","10","2","0.89","2.50","0.46""8","1/4''","13.5","2.25","0.62","2.75","0.73""10","3/8''","17","2.25","0.82","2.75","0.97""15","1/2''","21.25","2.75","1.25","3.25","1.44""20","3/4''","26.75","2.75","1.63","3.5","2.01""25","1''","33.5","3.25","2.42","4","2.91""32","1 1''/4","42.25","3.25","3.13","4","3.77""40","1 1''/2","48","3.5","3.84","4.25","4.58""50","2''","60","3.5","4.88","4.5","6.16""70","2 1''/2","75.5","3.75","6.64","4.5","7.88""80","3''","88.5","4","8.34","4.75","9.81""100","4''","114","4","10.85","5","13.44""125","5''","140","4.5","15.04","5.5","18.24""150","6''","165","4.5","17.81","5.5","21.63""注(1)表列钢管是适用于输送水,煤气及采暖系统等用的钢管.分镀锌和不镀锌(黑管)两种;又分带螺纹和"" 不带螺纹两种;按壁厚可分为普通钢管,加厚钢管和薄壁钢管."" (2)钢管的长度规定为:无螺纹的黑管4~12m;带螺纹的黑管和镀锌管4~9m.每批允许有10%的(按根数计算)"" 2~4m长的短尺钢管或4~9m米长的接管(即用一个管接头将两根钢管连接而成)."" (3)经供需双方协议,可供应定尺长度或倍尺长度的钢管.其最大长度可到8m.按倍尺交货的钢管,每个单"" 倍尺应留切口5~10mm."" (4)钢管用易焊接的软钢制造,钢号和制造方法(炉焊或电焊)均由制造厂选择."" (5)钢管应能承受下列规定压力的水压试验:普通钢管和薄壁钢管:20kg/cm2;加厚钢管30kg/cm2.""电丝套管""2,电丝套管规格,重量表""名称","外径 (mm)","近似内径 (mm)","管壁厚度 (mm)","重量 (kg/m)","每吨长度 (m/t)""5/8''","15.9","12.3","1.8","0.626","1597.44""3/4''","19.1","15.5","1.8","0.627","1302.08""1''","25.4","21.8","1.8","0.628","954.20""1 1''/4","31.8","28.2","1.8","0.629","750.75""1 1''/2","38.1","34.5","1.8","0.630","620.73""电焊钢管""电焊钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)242-68]""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)",0.5,0.6,0.8,"1.0","1.2","1.4","1.5","1.6","1.8","2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","3.8","4.0",4.2,4.5,4.8,"5.0",5.5,"钢 管 的 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""(5)","0.055","0.065","0.083","0.099""(6)","0.068","0.080","0.108","0.123""(7)","0.080","0.095","0.122","0.148""(8)","0.092","0.110","0.142","0.173","(0.202)""(9)","0.105","0.125","0.162","0.197","0.231""10","0.117","0.139","0.182","0.222","(0.261)""(11)","0.129","0.154","0.201","0.247","0.290""12","0.142","0.169","0.221","0.271","0.320","0.365","(0.388)","0.411""(13)",,"0.184","0.241","0.296","0.349","0.400","0.425","0.451""(14)",,"0.199","0.260","0.321","0.379","0.434","0.462","0.490""15",,"0.214","0.280","0.345","0.409","0.468","(0.499)","0.529""16",,"0.228","0.300","0.370","0.438","0.503","(0.536)","0.568""(17)",,"0.244","0.320","0.395","0.468","0.537","0.573","0.608""18",,"0.258","0.340","0.419","0.497","0..572","(0.610)","0.647","(0.717)","(0.789)""(19)",,"0.274","0.359","0.444","0.527","0

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在20-40吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。　　　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。　　　　简单来说，冷轧，是在热轧板卷的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧---酸洗---冷轧这样的加工过程。　　　　冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由于热轧经过连续冷变型而成的冷轧，在机械性能比较差，硬度太高。必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。　　　　冷轧一般都会经过退火处理。

废镍料一定要具有有铁磁性和延展性，能导电和导热。常温下，镍在潮湿空气中表面形成致密的氧化膜，不但能阻止继续被氧化，而且能耐碱、盐溶液的腐蚀。块状镍不会燃烧，细镍丝可燃，特制的细小多孔镍粒在空气中会自燃。加热时，镍与氧、硫、氯、溴发生剧烈反应。细粉末状的金属镍在加热时可吸收相当量的氢气。镍能缓慢地溶于稀盐酸、稀硫酸、稀硝酸，但在发烟硝酸中表面钝化。镍的氧化态为－1、＋1、＋2、＋3、＋4 ，简单化合物中以＋2价最稳定，＋3价镍盐为氧化剂。镍的氧化物有NiO和Ni2O3。氢氧化镍〔Ni(OH)2〕为强碱，微溶于水，易溶于酸。硫酸镍（NiSO4）能与碱金属硫酸盐形成矾 Ni(SO4)2o6H2O(MI为碱金属离子)。＋2价镍离子能形成配位化合物。在加压下，镍与一氧化碳能形成四羰基镍〔Ni（CO）4〕，加热后它又会分解成金属镍和一氧化碳。 　　废镍料银白色金属，密度8.9克/厘米3。熔点1455℃，沸点2730℃。化合价2和3。电离能为7.635电子伏特。质坚硬，具有磁性和良好的可塑性。有好的耐腐蚀性，在空气中不被氧化，又耐强碱。在稀酸中可缓慢溶解，释放出氢气而产生绿色的正二价镍离子Ni2+；对氧化剂溶液包括硝酸在内，均不发生反应。镍是一个中等强度的还原剂。废镍料大量用于再次制造合金。在钢中加入镍，可以提高机械强度。如钢中含镍量从2．94％增加到了7.04％时，抗拉强度便由52．2公斤／毫米2增加到72．8公斤／毫米3。镍钢用来制造机器承受较大压力、承受冲击和往复负荷部分的零件，如涡轮叶片、曲轴、连杆等。含镍36％、含碳0.3-0．5％的镍钢，它的膨胀系数非常小，几乎不热胀冷缩，用来制造多种精密机械，精确量规等。含镍46％、含碳0．15％的高镍钢，叫“类铂”，因为它的膨胀系数与铂、玻璃相似，这种高镍钢可熔焊到玻璃中。在灯泡生产上很重要，可作铂丝的代用品。一些精密的透镜框，也用这种类铂钢做，透镜不会因热胀冷缩而从框中掉下来。由67．5％镍、16％铁、15％铬、1．5％锰组成的合金，具有很大的电阻，用来制造各种变阻器与电热器。

冷轧薄钢板，简称冷轧钢板、冷轧薄板、冷轧板、冷板等。它还包括不锈钢板、弹簧钢板、硬钢片、镀锌板、镀锡板、镀铝板等。冷轧薄钢带，简称冷轧钢带、冷轧带钢、钢带、带钢、薄钢带、冷轧卷等。还包括不锈钢带、镀锌钢带、镀锡钢带等。 冷轧钢板标准 冷轧薄钢板、钢带（以下简称冷轧薄板）主要用于零件的冲压加工，而冷轧薄板的力学性能十分重要，它直接关系到板材的冲压性能。冷轧薄板是以不同的热处理状态分级的，不同硬度的材料，用于不同的加工方法，国家标准GB/T 13237-1991《优质碳素结构钢冷轧薄钢板和钢带》将冷轧薄板大致分为三级，P级用于普通冲压，S级用于深度冲压，Z级用于最深度冲压。中国冶金标准YB/T 5059-1993《低碳钢冷轧钢带》将薄钢板按硬度分为五级，即：TR（特级）、R（软）、BR（半软）、DY（低硬）和Y（冷硬）。其实通过一定的冷轧变形程度和冷轧后热处理的恰当配合，可以在广泛的范围内满足用户关于材料力学性能方面的要求。冷轧薄板根据用户加工上的要求可以分成更多的级别。例如：日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》的分类除分为一般用（spcc）、冲压用(spcd)和深冲压用（spce）三类外，还细分为退火、标准调质、1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬、全硬等级别。 在冷轧薄板力学性能的检测方面，一些标准只规定了拉伸试验，另一些标准除拉伸试验外还规定了硬度试验。 中国标准GB/T 13237-1991就只规定了拉伸试验，技术要求冷轧钢板标准如表一所示：牌号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率不小于拉延级别Z－S和PZSP08F275～365275～38034323008,08Al,10F275～390275～41032302810295～410295～43030392815F315～430315～45029282715335～450335～47027262520355～490335～50026252425——390～540——242330——440～590——222135——490～635——201940——510～650————1845——530～680————1650——540～715————14 日本标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》（该标准中包含了冷轧薄钢板和钢带）规定了拉伸试验，也规定了硬度试验，该标准的力学性能要求如下：表二：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的拉伸试验质牌号抗拉强度/MPa 不小于 伸长率/%不小于试样按以下公称厚度/mm>=0.250.250.400.601.01.6>=2.5SPCC SPCD SPCE(270) 270 270(32) 34 36(34) 36 3836 38 40　 37 39 41 　　 (38) 40 42 　39 41 435号试样轧制方向 表三：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的硬度值。调质区分符号 硬度最大HRBHV退火A57105标准调质S65115 注：厚度小于0.6mm的钢板和钢带，原则上不进行拉伸试验。 表四：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬材料的拉伸试验值。调质区分 符号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率/%最小试样1/8硬8294～410255号试样轧制方向1/4硬4370～490101/2硬2440～590——硬1>=550——     表五：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬状态的硬度值。调质区分符号HRBHV1/8硬 1/4硬8450～7165～8095～130 115～1501/2硬 硬2174～89 ≥85135～185 ≥170注：HRB和HV，仅选用其中之一。英国标准BS 1449/1.9-1991《厚板、薄板和钢带第一部分：碳素钢和碳锰钢厚板、薄板和钢带具有成形性能的冷轧窄钢带技术条件》对冷轧板分级为CS1（铝镇静稳定化超深冲）、CS2（超深冲）、CS3（深冲）、CS4（折边）、CS15（商品级）。这项标准的力学性能要求如表六所示： 表六：钢材交货时的力学性能轧制状态和级别退火（A）或平整冷轧（SP）状态硬度HV1)2)最大屈服强度Re1)/MPa最小抗拉强度Rm1)/MPa最小伸长率A1)/%最小弯心直径1)（180°弯曲）原始标距LO50mm80mmCS1A9514027038（36）0aSP10514027036（34）0aCS2A9514027036（34）0a SP10014027036（34）0aCS3A100（140）（280）（34）（32）0aSP110（140）（280）（34）（32）0aCS4A105（140）（280）——0aSP115（140）（280）——0a 注：1）窄钢带交货应符合，或者硬度和弯曲试验，或者拉伸和弯曲试验，但硬度和拉伸试验不应同时进行。     2）对于SP（平整冷轧）状态，与镀层精整（PL）或镜面光洁度（MF），或以“无拉伸痕”交货的钢材组合，最大硬度可以提高5个HV或抗拉强度可以提高20MPa。     3）牌号CS2、CS3和CS4的硬度值仅适用于沸腾钢。 如上所述冷轧薄板的力学性能可以通过拉伸试验来检测，也可以通过硬度试验来检测。由于硬度试验设备简单、易于掌握，试验效率高，并且金属硬度与强度之间有一定的对应关系，所以硬度检测是确定材料力学性能的更方便的方法。冷轧薄板的硬度检测可以用于冷轧板生产过程的质量控制，更适于生产冲压产品的厂家对原材料进行力学性能的复检。 日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996规定的硬度试验是洛氏硬度HRB和维氏硬度HV。维氏硬度试验可用于冷轧薄板，但洛氏硬度HRB却不适用于测试薄板材料。因为当板材厚度小于2mm时，测试HRB硬度可能会因为发生“测砧效应”而使测量的硬度值失准。对于薄板材料，可以测试表面洛氏硬度HRN或HRT，然后换算成HRB或HV硬度。冷轧钢板标准生产了一种便携式表面洛氏硬度计，它非常适合测试薄板和钢带材料，它可以在生产现场、销售现场或材料仓库快速进行冷轧薄板材料的洛氏硬度检测，完成一次测量仅需要10秒钟时间，检测的板材厚度范围为0.05-50mm。这种仪器可以用在冷轧薄板带的生产线上，对产品的热处理效果进行在线的质量控制。这种仪器更适用于冲压产品的生产厂家。可以用它对购入的板材硬度进行复检，可以携带它去钢材市场选购材料，也可以利用它对自己厂生产的冲压产品进行硬度检测。 这种仪器如果配上一个支承座，还可以放到办公桌上使用。可以对成批的成品或半成品工件做逐件检测。它的测试精度与台式洛氏硬度计相同。 目前冷轧薄带材料正在向超薄方向发展，据报道，上海宝钢已扎制出厚度为0.08mm的冷轧薄板带材。采用本所生产的PHR-1S型表面洛氏硬度计，配一个金刚点砧座，就可测试薄至0.05mm冷轧薄板带材料的硬度。 这种应用完全可以取代维氏硬度计，使冷轧薄板材料的力学性能检测实现快速、简便、经济。

冷轧镀锌板，是一种镀锌钢板。钢板按轧制分为热轧和冷轧两种。冷轧板是平板状的，矩形的，可直接轧制而成的。冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧和热轧的区别： 1、冷轧成型钢允许截面出现局部屈曲，从而可以充分利用杆件屈曲后的承载力；而热轧型钢不允许截面发生局部屈曲。2、热轧型钢和冷轧型钢残余应力产生的原因不同，所以截面上的分布也有很大差异。冷弯薄壁型钢截面上的残余应力分布是弯曲型的，而热扎型钢或焊接型钢截面上残余应力分布是薄膜型。3、热轧型钢的自由扭转刚度比冷轧型钢高，所以热轧型钢的抗扭性能要优于冷轧型钢。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。冷轧镀锌板用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及 产业 设备、各种建筑材料。

磷铜钎料  铜磷钎料适宜于钎焊铜及黄铜，但是不适宜钎焊黑色 金属 。这类儿钎料能很好的湿润铜及黄铜，并扩散到边缘层，接头的脆性比钎料本身小。但铜磷钎料对黑色 金属 的湿润性很差，在结合处形成脆性磷化物，使接头脆性增大。钎料中的磷可以还原氧化铜和氧化银，起着钎焊熔剂作用。因此铜磷钎料钎焊铜和银时，可以不需要钎焊熔剂，但在钎焊铜合金时，因为磷不能充分地还原铜的合金元素形成的氧化物，为了获得优质钎缝，还应与钎焊熔剂配合使用，钎焊接头的最好间隙为0.03～0.075mm.  铜-磷合中加入银会大大地提高焊料湿润能力，提高强度和韧性，降低熔点。　钎焊时若加热过程缓慢，铜磷钎料有偏析倾向，帮钎焊时加热速度尽可憎快些，焊后的颜色是亮灰色，浸在10％硫酸中将恢复铜的颜色。1.ScuP-2是接近共晶粉的铜磷钎料，熔点较低，具有良好的湿润性，可以流入间隙很小钎缝。钎料的 价格 便宜，所以获得谅的应用。但钎缝塑性差，处在冲击和弯曲状态的接头不宜采用。电阻率为0.28Ω。mm2／m.　　用途：广泛用于电机制造和仪表工业上钎焊铜及铜合金。　　1.ScuP-3是含砂磷稍低的铜磷钎料，与HL201比较，熔化温度稍高，温流性稍差而塑性略有改善，但仍脆，故处于冲击和弯曲工作状态的接头不宜采用，电阴率为0.25Ω。mm2／m.　　用途：适用电机制造和仪表工业上钎焊铜及铜合金。　　2.SAgP-2钎料含银量低，熔点适中塑性较好，具有良好的漫流性和填缝能力，接头机械性能好，对于铜和铜的钎焊具有自钎性。电阻率约为0.32Ω。mm2／m.　　用途：适用于电机制造和仪表工业上钎焊铜及铜合金。　　3.SAP-5是含银5％的铜银磷钎料，其钎焊接头强度、塑性、导电性及漫流性比SAgP-5稍差，但比ScuP-2有所改善。电阻率约为0.23Ω。mm2／m.　　用途：适用于电机制造和仪表工业上钎焊铜及铜合金。　　4.SAgP-15是含15％银的铜银磷钎料，由于银的加入，提高了强度减少脆性，钎钎料熔点降低，其接头强度、塑性、导电性及漫流性是铜磷钎料中最好的一种，对接头的准备及装配相对说来要求较低。电阻率约0.12Ω。mm2／m.　　用途：适用于钎焊铜及铜合金、银、钼等 金属 。多数用来钎焊冲击振动负载较小的工作，以电机制造使用最广。　　ScuP-6Sn是含锡的铜磷钎料，能使钎焊温度降低，钎焊接头强度较好，减少了脆性，是导电性及流动性较好的铜磷锡钎料中是理想的一种钎料。　　用途：适用于钎焊铜及铜合金等 金属 材料，在电机、空调器，冷冻机制造工业上广泛应用。　　注意事项：　　1.钎焊前必须严格清除钎焊处及钎料表面的油脂、氧化物等污物。　　2.钎焊铜时不用钎焊熔剂，但钎焊铜合金时应配合钎剂使用。 

铝料 价格 一直是广大铝 行业 工厂企业投资者每天都要关注的 行情 ，今日铝料 价格行情 查询的更好的更权威的平台是上海 有色 网。上海 有色 网提供的铝料 价格 的报价是 金属 协会公认的以及作为海关出口标准的报价。今日铝料 价格 的报价可参考如下：2010年9月1日铝锭 价格 ：铝锭 现货价格 ，SMM:15190-15220，均价15205；长江：15180-15220均价15200；南储：15150-15290均价15220。铝锭各地 现货行情 ：无锡地区：15190-15210均价15200；南海地区：15190-15230均价15210；重庆地区：15120-15170均价15145；沈阳地区：15170-15200均价15185；天津地区：15210-15240均价15225。以上铝料 价格 均来自上海 有色 网网站情报数据。目前整体铝料 价格行情 为下跌为主。更多铝料 价格 可参考上海 有色 网铝专区。 

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板。冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，冷轧钢板的密度不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。冷轧钢板的密度：热轧钢板含碳量可比冷轧钢板略高些。在成份相持不大的情况下密度是一样的。但如果成份相差悬殊，如不锈钢不论冷轧、热轧密度都在7.9g/cm3左右。具体还要看成份，热轧只是延展性更好，钢材同样受到压力作用

冷轧板卷是以热轧卷为原料，在室温下在再结晶温度以下进行轧制而成，包括板和卷，国内众多钢厂如宝钢、武钢、鞍钢等均可以生产。其中成张交货的称为钢板，也称盒板或平板；长度很长、成卷交货的称为钢带，也称卷板。 生产过程中由于不进行加热，所以不存在热轧常出现的麻点和氧化铁皮等缺陷，表面质量好、光洁度高。而且冷轧产品的尺寸精度高，产品的性能和组织能满足一些特殊的使用要求，如电磁性能、深冲性能等。  　　规格：厚度为0.2-4mm，宽度为600-2 000mm，钢板长度为1 200-6 000mm。  　　牌号：Q195A-Q235A、Q195AF-Q235AF、Q295A(B)-Q345 A(B)；SPCC、SPCD、SPCE、ST12-15;DC01-06  　　性能：主要采用低碳钢牌号，要求具有良好的冷弯和焊接性能，以及一定的冲压性能。 钢号规格（厚*宽*长）冷轧板规格板0.4*1000*C0.5*1250*C0.35*1000*C 1.0*1000*C0.7*1020*C0.3*1000*C 0.4*1000*C1.5*1000*C2.5*1000*C 2.5*1000*C2.0*1250*C1.5*1250*C 1.0*1250*C1.0*1000*C1.0*1000*2000 1.2*1000*20001.5*1000*20000.5*1000*C 2.0*1000*20003.0*1000*20001.0*1250*2000 1.0*1250*25001.2*1250*20001.2*1250*2500 1.5*1250*20001.5*1250*20002.0*1250*2000 2.0*1250*25002.5*1250*20002.5*1250*2500 3.0*1250*20003.0*1250*25001.0*1250*2500 0.35*1000*20000.4*1000*20000.45*1000*2000 0.5*1000*20000.6*1000*20000.7*1000*2000 0.8*1000*20002.0*1000*20001.2*1000*2000 1.5*1000*20001.0*1250*2000

（二）电工用冷轧硅钢薄板（GB2521-88）  　　用含硅0.8％-4.8％的电工硅钢为材质，经冷轧而成。  　　冷轧硅钢片分晶粒无取向和晶粒取向两种钢带。冷轧电工钢带具有表面平整、厚度均匀、叠装系数高、冲片性好等特点，且比热轧电工钢带磁感高、铁损低。用冷带代替热轧带制造电机或变压器，其重量和体积可减少0％-25％。若用冷轧取向带，性能更佳，用它代替热轧带或低档次冷轧带，可减少变压器电能消耗量45％-50％，且变压器工作性能更可靠。  　　用于制造电机和变压器。通常，晶粒无取向冷轧带用作电机或焊接变压器等的状态；晶粒取向冷轧带用作电源变压器、脉冲变压器和磁放大器等的铁芯。  　　钢板规格尺寸：厚度为0.35、0.50、0.65mm，宽度为800-1000mm，长度为≤2.0m。

冷轧板带用途很广，如汽车制造、电气产品、机车车辆、航空、精密仪表、食品罐头等。 　　冷轧薄钢板是普通碳素结构钢冷轧板的简称，也称冷轧板，俗称冷板，有时会被误写成冷扎板。冷板是由普通碳素结构钢热轧钢带，经过进一步冷轧制成厚度小于4mm的钢板。由于在常温下轧制，不产生氧化铁皮，因此，冷板表面质量好，尺寸精度高，再加之退火处理，其机械性能和工艺性能都优于热轧薄钢板，在许多领域里，特别是家电制造领域，已逐渐用它取代热轧薄钢板。 　　适用牌号：Q195、Q215、Q235、Q275；SPCC（日本牌号）；ST12（德国牌号） 　　符号：冷轧板的用途 　　1、Q—普通碳素结构钢屈服点（极限）的代号，它是“屈”的第一个汉语拼音字母的大小写；195、215、235、255、275—分别表示它们屈服点（极限）的数值，单位：兆帕MPa（N/mm2）；由于Q235钢的强度、塑性、韧性和焊接性等综合机械性能在普通碳素结构钢中属最了，能较好地满足一般的使用要求，所以应用范围十分广泛。 　　2、S-钢（Steel）、P-板（Plate）、C-冷轧（cold）、第四位C-普通级（common）。 　　3、ST-钢（Steel）、12-普通级冷轧薄钢板、　 　　标记：尺寸精度—尺寸—钢板品种标准 　　冷轧钢板：钢号—技术条件标准 　　标记示例：B-0.57501500-GB708-88；钢板、标准号Q/BQB402，牌号SPCC，热处理状态退火+平整（S），表央加工状态为麻面D，表面质量为FB级的切边（切边EC，不切边EM）钢板、厚度0.5mm，B级精度，宽度1000mm，A级精度，长度2000mm，A级精度，不平度精度为PF.A，则标记为：钢板ECQ/BQB 402-SPCC-SD-FB/（0.51000A2000A-PF.A）； 　　冷轧钢板：Q225-GB912-89 　　主要产地有：宝钢、鞍钢、本钢、武钢、邯钢、包钢、唐钢、涟钢、济钢等 　　冷轧普通薄钢板 ：由普通碳素结构钢或低合金结构钢冷轧制成。冷轧板表面质量较好。具有良好的冲压性能。对其要求要保证冷弯和杯试验合格，常用于汽车等行业和镀层板的原料。 　　冷轧优质薄钢板：主要包括各种优质钢冷轧薄板，最常用的是碳素结构钢板，尤其是深冲压用冷轧薄钢板，是由低碳优质钢08Al冷轧的薄板，钢板按表面质量分为三组；Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ，分别表示特别高级、高级、较高的精整表面,按拉延级别分为ZF、HF、F级（代表用于冲制拉延最复杂、很复杂、复杂的零件）,根据钢板厚度允许偏差，又分为A、B两级精度、广泛用于汽车拖拉机工业。 　　冷轧钢板，表面光洁，加工优良，用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及产业设备、各种建筑材料。随着经济发展，冷轧钢板已被称为现代社会的必须材料。 冷轧产品的分类： 热轧酸洗、轧硬卷、普通冷轧、镀锌（电镀锌、耐指纹、热镀锌）、镀铝锌、电镀锡、彩涂、电工钢（矽钢片）等。 　　1、热轧酸洗：　　2、轧 硬 卷：在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。

   多晶硅料英文名称 polycrystalline silicon 　　   性能参数:硅99.9999 ％ 　　   用途:用于开发单晶硅片与多晶硅片 　　  市场 特征:多晶硅料是目前 市场 短缺的硅材料，由于我国技术限制等瓶颈。目前主要依赖于进口。   中国多晶硅工业起步于20世纪50年代，60年代中期实现了 产业 化，到70年代，生产厂家曾经发展到20多家。但由于工艺技术落后，消耗大，成本高等原因，绝大部分企业亏损而相继停产或转产。 　　   进入21世纪以来，强大的需求和丰厚的利润刺激着多晶硅 产业 的迅速膨胀。多晶硅 现货 价7年内上涨了10倍，高峰时利润率超过800%。截至08年12月，已有超过10家上市公司投资多晶硅项目，已公告的投资额近60亿元，总投资额高达300多亿元。 　　   2009年新春伊始，有两件事情令多晶硅-光伏 产业 振奋。首先是《能源法》已经提交到国务院法制办，这将直接影响“十二五”期间国家能源政策的整体规划。随后，无锡尚德、赛维LDK、常州天合、林洋新能源、CSI阿特斯、南京冠亚等在内的太阳能电池生产巨头们已将“1元/度”光伏发电成本的方案上交给科技部。这标志着光伏发电入网已经不再那么遥远，这两大利好无疑给予多晶硅-光伏企业一剂兴奋剂。 　　   2009年1月，国家发改委已正式批复，同意在洛阳中硅建设多晶硅材料制备技术国家工程实验室，并安排1500万元国家投资补助资金，这表明海外对中国高纯多晶硅 产业 的技术壁垒正在被一一打破，对缓解中国多晶硅需求主要依赖进口现状、促进光伏产品成本降低都具有标志性意义。   “目前在 现货市场 ，多晶硅料已出现持续短缺。”该知情人士透露，国内最大的多晶硅生产商江苏中能从9月份开始，生产的硅料就以满足本厂硅片生产为主；第二大多晶硅生产商、最大的硅片生产商赛维LDK也是如此，供 现货市场 的硅料基本没有；峨嵋厂的产能则主要用于已收预付款的部分，其他几家大厂也多被长单锁定；不仅如此，宁夏阳光的硅料报价甚至只限当天有效。 

铝瓶盖料应用越来越广泛，而铝瓶盖料应该如何选购也成为很多客户的一大问题，本次结合明泰铝业与众多公司合作的经验向大家讲解一下如何选购铝瓶盖料。　　铝瓶盖料主要用于酒类、食品饮料、化妆品等包装中，可以说铝瓶盖料的用途都是和人吃、用相关，对产品品质要求非常高，因此选择优质厂家购买优质瓶盖料是行业的必然。铝瓶盖料主要使用1xxx、3xxx、8xxx系铝合金板材，这些产品虽然很多厂家都可以生产但是真正安全优质的产品却十分少。那么如何选购铝瓶盖料呢，明泰根据自身情况为大家分析。　　1、看厂家实力　　厂家实力是所有产品质量好坏的基础，一个大规模企业由于资金实力、研发团队、品控团队都有很大优势，在产品质量和后期服务商也更有保障，并非一个小厂产品都不优质，但总体来说大企业的产品品质一定优于小企业，明泰作为国内国际铝加工行业领头羊，在产品质量的追求上几乎达到苛刻的程度，这种情况生产的铝瓶盖料当然更受市场认可。　　2、铝瓶盖料的工艺水平　　由于铝瓶盖料的用途比较特殊，因此对于加工工艺的要求特别高，明泰建成国际领先的"1+4"热连轧生产线，实现每年45万吨超高产能，这种行业领先的工艺质量才更有保障。另外明泰铝业还能满足客户各项加工要求，适合多彩色印，产品广泛用于各种用途，安全优质。　　3、铝瓶盖料产品检测　　铝瓶盖料产品检测是非常重要的一环，客户对于供应商的产品一定要详细检测，例如明泰铝业铝瓶盖料上乘品质保证产品版型平整，几何尺寸精确，同时表面光泽度高、碱洗效果好，可达到刷水实验A级。铝带端面平整，无抛物线纹、塌陷纹等缺陷。

       随着太阳能电池所消耗的多晶硅的增加,切割刃料的需求也在增长。预计到2015年中国的多晶硅 产量 有望超过十万吨,对刃料需求量将超过30万吨,价值将超过50亿元,是2009年的4倍以上,复合增长率接近80%。更重要的是,随着太阳能装机的持续增长,刃料需求将持续增长,这是新大新材料股份有限公司的最大看点。      太阳能 行业 已经步入了逐步恢复的景气上行周期。预计2009~2011年全球太阳能电池 产量 将保持30%左右的增长,未来三年新增装机量分别达到8.2GW、10.6GW和 15.4GW。太阳能电池制造业的飞速发展将带动晶硅片制造企业的发展,为满足 市场 需求,晶硅片制造企业新建和扩产计划不断推出,这也大大增加了晶硅片切割刃料的 市场 需求。2008年我国晶硅片切割刃料总 产量 为7.7万吨,其中6.7万吨用于满足国内 市场 ,而2008年国内 市场 需求量为7.6万吨,供不应求,国内晶硅片切割刃料 市场 仍将存在较大的增长空间。      现阶段,用于制造太阳能电池的晶硅片成本约占太阳能电池生产成本的70%,因此晶体硅原料的利用率以及加工成本在很大程度上决定了整个光伏发电系统的成本,降低晶硅片厚度及破片率是降低晶硅片成本的关键,因此,晶硅片切割刃料产品的质量尤为重要。由于新大新材生产的晶硅片切割刃料质量优良、稳定,切割效果良好,目前国内知名的晶硅片生产企业均为公司客户,这些客户晶硅片的产能都有大幅扩张的计划,公司将从中受益。      近年来,传统燃料能源日渐匮乏,同时对环境造成的危害日益突出,寻求新能源,减少污染,改变人类的能源结构成为世界各国共同的目标,光伏 产业 作为一项新的无污染能源受到各国政府共同关注。因此,为维持长远的可持续发展,各国政府不断推出促进光伏 产业 发展的有利政策,大大促进了光伏 产业 的发展,并带动了晶硅片切割刃料制造 行业 的迅速发展。 

对特殊材料零件进行深孔螺纹加工是比较困难的。例如，在一个钛合金零件上进行深孔攻丝是非常具有挑战性的。如果在一个接近完工的零件上，由于丝锥破损产生的刮削作用而导致零件报废，这是非常不经济的。因此，为避免刮削，要求使用正确的刀具和攻丝技术。     首先需要定义什么是深孔，为什么它需要特殊的考虑。在钻削中，那些孔深大于3倍孔径的孔称为深孔。而深孔攻丝意味着攻丝深度大于丝锥直径的1.5倍以上。如当用一只直径为1/4″的丝锥加工深度为3/8″的螺纹时，这种情况通常称为深孔攻丝。     加工一个深孔螺纹，意味着刀具与工件之间需长时间的接触。同时，在加工过程中会产生更多的切削热和更大的切削力。因此在特殊材料(如钛金属类零件)的小深孔中进行攻丝容易产生刀具破损和螺纹的不一致性。    为解决这个问题，可以采用两种方案：(1)增大攻丝前孔的直径；(2)使用专为深孔攻丝设计的丝锥。     1.增大攻丝前孔的直径     合适的螺纹底孔对于螺纹加工是十分重要的。一个尺寸稍大的螺纹底孔能有效降低攻丝过程中产生的切削热和切削力。但它也会减小螺纹的接触率。     国家标准和技术委员会规定：在深孔中，允许在孔壁上只攻出螺纹全高的50%。这一点在对特殊材料和难加工材料的小孔攻丝时尤其重要。因为尽管由于孔壁上螺纹高度的减少导致螺纹接触率下降，但由于螺纹长度的增加，因此仍可保持螺纹可靠的连接。     螺纹底孔的直径增量主要取决于所要求的螺纹接触率和每英寸的螺纹头数。根据上述两值，利用经验公式可计算出正确的螺纹底孔直径。     2.切削参数     由于钛金属零件难于加工，因此需要对切削参数和刀具几何尺寸做充分考虑。     切削速度     由于钛合金具有大的弹性和变形率，因此需要采有相对较小的切削速度。在加工钛合金零件的小孔时，推荐采用的圆周切削速度为10～14英寸/分。我们不推荐采用更小的速度，因为那样会导致工件的冷作硬化。另外，也需注意刀具破损而导致切削热。     容屑槽     在深孔攻丝时，需减少丝锥槽数，使每个槽的容屑空间增大。这样，当丝锥退刀时，可以带走更多的铁屑，减小由于铁屑堵塞而造成刀具破损的机会。但另一方面，丝锥容屑槽的加大使得芯部直径减小，因此，丝锥强度受到影响。所以这也会影响切削速度。另外，螺旋槽丝锥比直槽丝锥更易排屑。     前角和后角     小前角可提高切削刃强度，从而增加刀具寿命；而大前角有利于切削长切屑的金属。因此在对钛合金加工时，需综合考虑这两个方面的因素，选用合适的前角。     大后角可以减小刀具和切屑之间的摩擦。因此有时要求丝锥后角为40°。在加工钛金属时，在丝锥上磨出大的后角，有利于排屑。另外，全磨制丝锥和刃背铲磨的丝锥也有利于攻丝。     冷却液     当加工特殊材料时，必须保证切削液到达切削刃。为改进冷却液的流量，推荐在丝锥的刃背上开冷却槽。如果直径足够大的话，可考虑采用内冷却丝锥。     3.应用实例     某飞机零件制造商需在一个零件上进行深孔攻丝。该零件材料为7级钛合金。加工中，圆周切削速度为13英寸/分，同时采用冷却液。     为保证零件精度，操作者在丝锥磨钝前要及时更换。当丝锥磨损时，切削过程中产生的声音会发生变化。通过听这些声音，在加工前，操作者能确定在丝锥磨损前所能加工的螺纹孔数。     该厂在每一个攻丝设备上，都有2个攻丝工位，装有相同的丝锥。当其中一只丝锥磨损时，可以方便及时地更换。

冷 轧 产 品 品 名        材 质碳 结 板    SPCC、St12、DC01、Q235AB优结钢板   20-45#、08-15#优质碳素钢    08AL低碳深冲板    SC1、SPCE、ST14、DC04 超深冲板  SC2、St15、DC05、SC3、St16、DC06、St17耐腐蚀钢   05CuPCrNi、09CuPCrNi、Q345GNHL 低碳冲压钢   SPCD、ST13、DC03深 冲 板   SPCEN参照： （一）冲压用冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 1、一般冲压用钢：BLC B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；L——低碳（Low Carbon）；C——一般用（Commercial） 2、抗时效性低屈服钢：BLD B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；L——低碳（Low Carbon）；D——冲压用（Drawing） 3、非时效性极深冲用钢：BUFD（BUSD） B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；U——超级（Ultra）；F——成型（Formability）； D——冲压（Drawing） 4、非时效性超深冲用钢：BSUFD B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；SU——超高级（Ultra+Super）；F——成型（Formability）； D——冲压（Drawing） （二）冷成型用高强度冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 B ××× × × B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；×××——最小屈服点值； ×——一般用V、X、Y、Z表示 V：高强度低合金，屈服点与抗拉强度差值无规定 X：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别70MPa Y：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别100MPa Z：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别140MPa ×——氧化物/硫化物夹杂控制（K：镇静、细晶粒；F：K+硫化物控制；O：K、F外） 例：B240ZK、B340VK （三）抗凹陷性冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 B ××× × × B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写 ×××——最小屈服点值 ×——强化方式（P：强化；H：烘烤硬化） ×——由1或2表示（1：超低碳；2：低碳） 築210P1：深冲压用高强度钢；B250P2：一般加工用含磷高强度钢；B180H1：深冲用烘烤硬化钢

28日国内不锈钢冷轧上涨幅度在500元左右。据信息研究中心商场监测显现，北京区域，冷卷304/2B的0.5-3.0mm报价在3.20-3.33万元左右(吨价，下同)；热板304/No.1太钢6mm-20mm价位在2.78-3.75万元之间；321圆钢报价在4.70-5.10万元，2Cr13、3Cr13报价在0.94万元左右。佛山区域，冷卷304/2B 0.4-3.0mm张浦报价在3.18-3.33万元左右；无锡区域，冷卷304/2B报价张浦0.4-3.0mm报价在3.32-3.43万元，太钢0.5-3.0mm报价在3.25-3.48万元左右。现商场上仍无会集到货，资源继续严重，报价调高后成交状况欠安。商场304冷轧卷报价较9月出厂报价已高出500元左右，在消费旺季降临、商场库存量不大等有利要素的状况下，部分供应商对后市达观。.

电解铜边角料是整块电解铜在使用加工过程中剩余的小块电解铜，也称为废铜。    废铜按其来源有两类。一类是新废铜，它是铜工业生产过程中产生的废料。冶金厂的叫"本厂废铜"（"home scrap"）或"周转铜"("runaround")。铜加工厂产生的废铜屑及直接返回供应厂的叫做"工业废杂铜"、"现货废杂铜"（"prompt"）或新废杂铜。另一类是旧废铜，它是使用后被废弃的物品，如从旧建筑物及运输系统抛弃或拆卸的叫旧废杂铜。铜和铜基材料，不论处于裸露状态，还是被包在最终产品里，在产品寿命周期的各个阶段都可回收再生。    我国目前还没有废铜电解铜边角料方面的标准, 但随着我国工业化速度的加快，电解铜边角料的回收、贸易以及再生利用产业所面临的社会经济环境已发生了重大变化，不仅废电解铜边角料的品种构成变化较大，而且大量的国外电解铜边角料以及各类可利用的废料涌入国门，给我国电解铜的生产提供了丰富的原料来源，同时也对电解铜边角料的生产加工提出了新的要求。    我国进口电解铜边角料主要来自美、日、德、俄，其中美国高居榜首，而美国对电解铜边角料的管理又有严格的规定。以美国的分类标准作为典型加以介绍。美国的电解铜边角料依据纯度进行分类。美国电解铜边角料再生研究所甚至把铜及其合金细分为53类。    铜是一种玫瑰红色金属，柔软、有金属光泽，密度为8．92克／厘米3，溶点为1083．5℃，沸点为2595℃，富于延展性，易弯曲，强度较好，在导电性和导热性方面，铜仅次于银，居第二位，它可以进行冷热压力加工，由于其具有面心立方晶格，铜及其化合物无磁性。熔点时铜的蒸气压很小，因而在冶金过程温度下，不易挥发。     更多关于电解铜边角料的资讯，请登录上海有色网查询。

佛子冲铅锌矿河三选矿厂 佛子冲铅锌矿河三选矿厂位手广西自治区内，该厂于1968年3月建成投产，原设计为日处理原矿石200吨.佛子冲铅锌矿河三选矿厂破碎工工艺流程图

流态化焙烧炉排料、运料方式与焙烧的性质和下一工序的冶金方法有关。 铜精矿半氧化焙烧一般是将焙烧矿仓中的热料用密封矿车或螺旋运输机、耐热刮板运输机等运送反射炉或电炉进行熔炼。白银一冶全氧化焙烧的焙烧矿经鼓风冷却箱冷却后，用管道输送到精矿仓库内与生精矿混合配料，然后用胶带输送机运到反射炉加料斗。阿纳康达厂流态化焙烧炉所产烟尘用螺旋运输机送往电炉处理；所产焙砂经正压密封的螺旋运输机和埋刮板运输机加入电炉。博尔厂流态化焙烧炉建在反射炉上面，焙烧矿沿管道自动的料仓落入加料系统，不需中间运输设备。 铜精矿硫酸化焙烧的排料比较简单。焙烧矿汇集在矿仓中，一般由仓下的密封给料机定期给入浸出工序的浆化槽中。矿仓的容积应按焙烧炉的处理能力和操作制度确定，并可在矿仓下设称量料斗。

佛子冲铅锌矿选矿出产实践中存在的首要问题是：Pb、Cu精矿互含严峻，Cu回收率低;原有工艺流程与药剂准则习惯性不强，影响了铅锌选矿目标的进一步进步。为此，咱们展开了铜铅锌硫化矿浮选别离药剂准则的研讨与使用，取得了如下研讨成果1、改动原有的铜铅别离办法。初次提出选用重与羧甲基纤维素钠组合作为铜铅别离抑制剂，使用它们之间的协同效应，明显地下降了铜铅互含，铜精矿中含铅由本来的11.28%下降为5.52%，铜精矿含铜由本来的1.27%下降为0.49%，铜精矿质量与回收率明显进步。2、优化了铜铅混浮及选锌作业的条件及药剂准则，进一步进步了铅锌精矿的回收率。经过调整铜铅混浮的矿浆PH值及捕收剂丁胺与的配比，在不影响铜铅别离条件下，进步铜铅混浮的回收率;在锌浮选方面，严格控制矿浆PH值，在原捕收剂的基础上参加适量乙硫氮，进步了锌精矿的回收率。经过上述条件的优化，取得了如下选矿目标(实践目标)：在原矿Pb2.93%、Zn3.53%、Cu0.25%的条件下，铅精矿含Pb63.62%、回收率88.86%，锌精矿含Zn50.71%、回收率88.17%，铜精矿含Cu21.28%、回收率55.63%，铜铅锌的回收率比原工艺别离进步了11.7%、1.2%、2.3%。3、经济效益与环境效益明显。新的药剂准则在佛子冲铅锌矿使用后，按选厂年处理25万吨原矿计，2007年净增效益803万元，2008年下半年因受国际金融危殆影响，年净增效益仍达560万元。因为铜铅锌浮选选用相同的捕收剂，选锌作业取消了，废水回用率达到了60-70%。外排废水经环保部门检测均达国家排放标准。4、经科技查新及技术鉴定会以为该技术成果具有立异性，在同类矿石浮选范畴处于国内领先水平，在铜铅锌矿、铅锌矿、铜锌矿等有色金属硫化矿都具有杰出的工业推广使用远景。为了习惯原矿档次的改变，安稳出产操作，主张在浮选体系装置档次在线自动检测与控制体系。

一、给料 闪速炉要求入炉物料含水低于0.3％，因此经配料后的精矿、渣精矿及熔剂需预先采用气流干燥装置或圆筒干操机等进行干燥。干燥后的炉料及返回闪速炉的烟尘分贮于炉顶料仓。为避免因炉料准备工序的临时故障而影响闪速炉投料，炉顶料仓应有4h左右的贮量。入炉物料一般采用粉体流量计或料仓应力传感器计量，再通过1～2台可调速的埋刮板运输机经1～4个精矿喷嘴加入闪速炉。 二、供风 为提高闪速炉处理能力及节能，闪速炉反应塔一般应采用富氧空气鼓风。富氧浓度通常为30%～60%，工厂实例见表1。文丘里型精矿喷嘴前要求送风压力4～5kPa。氧气一般在空气预热器前混入，制氧站氧气压力约为25kPa。 沉淀池及上升烟道燃料燃烧使用普通空气或富氧空气。 闪速炉送风量及送风含氧浓度根据规定的送风温度及燃料量通过冶金计算确定，也可以根据规定的送风含氧浓度，通过冶金计算确定送风量、燃料量及送风温度。 表1  闪速炉送风含氧浓度工厂实例工厂反应塔送风含量，%贵冶31～35哈里亚瓦尔塔75～95足尾66～67小坂34佐贺关24～28东予33～34玉野28～30汉堡40～50凯特里23～26韦尔瓦36格沃古夫55～75温山56卡巴卡里55伊萨贝拉32～33圣马纽尔61～62奥林匹克坝70 按反应塔送风温度的不同，有下列类型供风方案： （一）常温送风 设计送风温度约25℃。空气不需预热，因此过程较为简单。圣马纽尔、奥林匹克坝及格沃古夫等厂采用。 （二）低温热风 设计热风温度约200℃。采用废热锅炉产生的压力约5MPa，温度约260℃的饱和蒸汽直接加热空气，优点是不需设置蒸汽过热炉。哈里亚瓦尔塔、汉堡、韦尔瓦等厂采用。 （三）中温热风 设计热风温度约450℃。采用压力约4.5MPa，用温度约540℃的过热蒸汽或燃油加热器加热空气。贵冶、小坂、东予、萨姆松等厂采用。 （四）高温热风 设计热风温度1000℃左右。采用燃气或燃油的考贝式热风炉加热空气，优点是热风带进热量多、闪速炉燃料用量少，因此烟气量小，处理精矿能力大。佐贺关、日立等厂采用。

一、板式给料机       常用的板式给料机有重型和中型两种。冶炼厂一般采用中型，最大给料粒度不超过350mm。链板带的宽度一般按最大给料粒度的2～2.5倍选取，带速为0.025～0.15m/s。板式给料机结构见图1，它适于作颚式破碎机的给料设备。    图1  板式给料机结构       二、槽式给料机       槽式给料机可以架设于地面，也可以吊装在矿仓卸料口上。槽体宽度约为最大给料粒度的2～2.5倍。最大的槽式给料机可满足小于500mm粒度的给料，也适于作颚式破碎机的给料设备，其结构见图2。    图2  槽式给料机结构   1－偏心轮；2－连杆；3－底板；4－辊轮；5－槽体；6－矿仓口法兰       三、圆盘给料机       圆盘给料机是适用于给料粒度一般为30mm以下的给料设备。

断料。断料，又称“下料”，是铝合金门制作的第一道工序，也是关键的工序。断料主要使用切割设备，材料长度应根据设计要求并参考门窗施工大样图来确定，要求切割准确；否则，门窗的方正难以保证，断料尺寸误差值应控制在2mm范围内。一般来说，推拉门窗断料宜采用直角切割；平开门窗断料宜采用45°角切割；其它类型应根据拼装方式来选用切割方式。

浇注料在熔铝炉上的应用整体浇注冶金炉技术是用耐火浇注料在现场一次浇注成型炉体耐火材料的一种冶金炉砌筑方法。据资料介绍这种技术的特点在于其结构整体性好，无砖缝，整体强度高，因而炉体寿命较长。在国内有色冶金行业的一些炉体上试用这种技术。圆炉工作温度最高达1200℃，静置炉最高工作温度达1000℃。　　　　圆炉采用炉顶揭盖加料，小炉为三个炉门人工扒渣，大炉为两个炉门机械扒渣作业。原料为铝锭、废料铸棒、废料型材和铸轧铝卷。每个静置炉也有两个炉门供扒渣和精炼操作。以往炉体都是用耐火砖砌成的，一些部位极容易损坏，从而影响了炉体寿命和生产效率。而通过对熔铝炉进行用耐火浇注料局部浇注炉体，以提高炉体整体使用寿命的技术改造。　　　　圆炉除炉底部分砌砖外，炉墙、扒渣坡、炉门框、炉门、烧嘴砖等全部改为耐火浇注料整体浇注。已全部更换为浇注料整体浇注。所有炉盖及包括大炉盖及小炉盖也都改成了浇注料整体浇注。整体浇注炉盖使用寿命平均3-5年。

铝合金门窗料 (二)铝合金窗披水安装按施工图纸要求将披水固定在铝合金窗上，且要保证位置正确、安装牢固。(三)铝合金门窗料防腐处理1．门窗框四周外表面的防腐处理，可涂刷防腐涂料或粘贴塑料薄膜进行保护，以免水泥砂浆直接与铝合金门窗表面接触，产生电化学反应，腐蚀铝合金门窗。2．安装铝合金门窗时，如果采用连接铁件固定，则连接铁件，固定件等安装用金属零件较好用不锈钢件，否则必须进行防腐处理，以免产生电化学反应，腐蚀铝合金门窗。(四)铝合金门窗的安装就位根据划好的门窗定位线，安装铝合金门窗框，并及时调整好门窗框的水平、垂直及对角线长度等符合质量标准，然后用木楔临时固定。(五)铝合金门窗料的固定

随着汽车工业的高速发展及人类环保意识的日益增强，对汽车安全性和燃油效率的要求越来越高，使得汽车用板逐步向轻量化材料方向发展。铝合金具有比强度高、抗腐蚀性好等优点，在保证不降低汽车原有的安全性能下，明显地减轻了汽车自重，达到了节能和环保的目的。但铝合金板在室温下塑性较低，常温拉深性能差，更易发生开裂和起皱现象，尺寸精度难以控制，无法顺利加工出形状较复杂的车身覆盖件。 研究表明，在温成形条件下（200℃——350℃），铝合金板塑性被大大提高，并且流动应力被降低。与常温拉深相比，温成形条件下，可明显改善板料的拉深性能，并且成形件回弹量小，零件表面质量好。因此，采用温成形技术生产铝合金覆盖件，可以大大促进其在复杂车身零件上的应用。 本文采用商用有限元软件ABAQUS，对汽车用铝合金板的圆筒件拉深过程进行数值模拟，并通过实验设计方法，探讨温度分布对铝合金板拉深性能的影响规律，为差温拉深中温度场设置提供参考。 1、有限元建模 由于对称性，模具和板料简化为2D轴对称模型，如图1所示。使用的有限元软件为商用有限元软件ABAQUS/standard，有限单元模型为热力耦合四节点双线性轴对称单元CAX4RT，板料厚度方向划分5层，共划分360个单元，且板坯和工具间的热传导被包含在热力耦合有限元分析中，材料密度为2700kg/m³，比热为920J/（kg·K），导热系数为121W/（m·K），板坯与工具间换热系数为1400W/（m²·K）。模拟中，铝合金板5083-O为各向同性材料，温成形条件下的材料参数采用Naka的试验数据，厚度为1mm，屈服准则为vonMises准则。模拟中，凸模速度为2.5mm/s，恒定压边力为2MPa，板料和工具间的摩擦系数假设为0.1。2、研究方法 本研究中，工具被划分为3个温度区域，如图1所示，A区代表凸模底部，B代表法兰部分，C代表凹模圆角区域，且假设各温度区域相互独立；同时，为设置板坯的初始温度，认为其整体为温度区域D，温度场设置为常温状态（25℃）和加热状态（250℃）2种档次。 应用实验设计方法——部分因子分析法进行方案设计，试验因子为图1中的4个温度区域A——D，水平为25℃和250℃。表1试验方案，共需要8组模拟计算。拉深性能由临界凸模行程CPS评定，其值越大表明拉深能力越好。模拟中，假设板料厚度减薄率达到30％时，认为失效发生，此时的凸模行程为临界凸模行程CPS。 3、结果与分析 在ABAQUS上运行表1中的试验前列—No.8。各种温度条件下圆筒件拉深的临界凸模行程CPS列于表1中。从表1中可以看出，初始温度布置对CPS值有着重要的影响。经过实验设计的统计分析，各因子的影响力和合理的温度分配被列于图2和表2中。对拉深性能影响较大的因子是A区域的温度，其次是法兰B区的温度。当凸模保持在一个较低的温度水平（如室温25℃），法兰被加热到较高温度（如250℃），更有助于铝合金板拉深能力的提高。同时，表1中计算结果显示，凹模圆角处的温度越低，对拉深能力越有利，但影响程度并不强烈；而板坯的初始温度对拉深能力的影响是值得注意的，加热至与法兰同样温度，会使其CPS值降低。从表2分析结果可以看出，较佳的温度分布是，只需法兰处加热到250℃，其拉深能力较好。在这一条件下，模拟了其拉深过程，计算结果显示，拉深被顺利地完成。 拉深成形中，法兰处板坯先经过压缩变形后，再进入凹模型腔，这时由变形区转变为传力区。当法兰处于高的温度条件下，法兰变形区内板坯变形抗力被降低，而凸模底部为较低温度时，板料具有高的抗拉强度，增强侧壁尤其是凸模圆角处的承载能力。如果凹模圆角附近处于较低温度时，板坯从高温法兰区流出后，经凹模圆角时会降低其温度，进一步增强了侧壁的承载能力，更有利于提高铝合金板拉深能力。可见，在铝合金板温拉深中，合理的温度设置是提高拉深能力的关键。差温拉深模式，即在凹模法兰处加热而凸模处于较低温度，是提高铝合金板拉深性能的较佳工艺方法。 （a）在凸模圆角附近破裂 （b）在凹模圆角附近破裂图3是铝合金板温拉深中出现的2种破裂失效形式，其成形时的温度条件见表3所示。图3（a）是常温下拉深经常出现的破裂形式，即破裂发生在凸模圆角附近，而当法兰被加热到250℃时，出现图3（b）的失效形式，即破裂出现在凹模圆角附近，这在常温拉深中很少出现的缺陷。这些失效形式与前人试验观察是一致的。在该模式的拉深中，虽然凸模圆角处板料有所变薄，但是它处于低的温度，材料抗拉强度高，而凹模圆角附近的板料从法兰内流出，其处于高温状态，材料抗拉强度低，从整体承载能力上看，此时凹模圆角附近的板料较弱，致使破裂发生在此处。4、结论 运用热力耦合有限元方法和试验设计方法，实现了铝合金板圆筒件温拉深中初始温度的合理分配。 （1）凸模底部和凹模法兰的温度决定着了铝合金板拉深能力，当凹模法兰处于较高温度而凸模底部处于室温的差温拉深模式较利于发挥板料拉深能力。 （2）在圆筒件差温拉深中，破裂即可能出现在凸模圆角区附近，也可能出现在凹模圆角区附近。

铝圆片开卷落料生产线，专为炊具用铝圆片、灯具铝圆片等生产企业和铝材供应商设计制造的自动化生产线，能够满足企业大量铝圆片毛坯生产需求，本设备可根据卷材宽度和圆片直径自动选择最适合的排样方式，提高材料利用率，使材料利用率达到 80％以上，远远优于其它圆片落料方式。设备主要组成：开卷校平部分、送料落料部分、成品码垛部分、液压系统、电气控制系统等。 　　生产线技术特点： 　　1、数控全自动，本该生产线自卷材开卷起，直至整卷材料全部落料完成中间不需要人工接触任何工料，不需要任何调整，从根本上杜绝了普通冲床冲制的生产安全隐患和产品质量隐患。 　　2、该线能利用卷料直接进行圆片生产，不需要进行卷料的纵剪和横切处理，减少了生产工序，降低了生产的成本，减少了损伤卷料表面的可能。 　　3、本线充分利用卷料的宽度，采用高精度伺服电机驱动系统控制，使圆片间距和圆片到料边的距离减少到最小，从根本上减少废料量，使原材料利用率达到80%以上。 　　4、生产速度可达到每分钟20-60片，提高了生产效率。 　　5、由于采用模块化的模具设计，当转换圆片生产规格时，转换时间可以减少到15分钟以内。可生产圆片的直径范围从85mm到700mm。 　　6、先进的开卷系统、六重式校平机、高刚性的机械压力机、自动码垛系统等，保证了圆片产品的高质量。